CN111500926B - Steel material for ships and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Steel material for ships and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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CN111500926B
CN111500926B CN202010331834.6A CN202010331834A CN111500926B CN 111500926 B CN111500926 B CN 111500926B CN 202010331834 A CN202010331834 A CN 202010331834A CN 111500926 B CN111500926 B CN 111500926B
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steel
forging
steel material
furnace
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CN111500926A (en
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赵艳荣
张泽春
贾俊林
姚凤祥
杨云志
吴虎男
唐刚
翟书研
李庆斌
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Jianlong Beiman Special Steel Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/28—Normalising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a marine steel material and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the field of materials and material manufacturing. The invention provides a marine steel material and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the conventional marine steel material is large in crystal grains and multiple in forging fire in the manufacturing process of mixed crystal and marine steel. The content of Cr in the marine steel material provided by the invention is controlled to be 0.15-0.24 wt%, and the mechanical property of the steel material can be improved. The manufacturing method of the marine steel material provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of electric furnace primary smelting, refining, VD vacuum treatment, forging and heat treatment processing, wherein the terminal temperature is controlled to be 750-800 ℃ in the forging step, the steel material is formed by one heating, and the method is applied to the production of the steel material for the ship, so that the production period can be greatly shortened while the steel material with uniform and fine crystal grains and good mechanical property is obtained.

Description

Steel material for ships and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials and material manufacturing, and particularly relates to a marine steel material and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of the world ship industry, the specifications of the ship forgings are larger and larger, and the forgings have the characteristics of large load, poor working conditions, high safety and reliability requirements and the like in work, so that the quality requirements on the ship steel forgings are also increased increasingly. The marine steel is usually high-quality carbon steel and high-quality low-alloy steel, and S45SU is a common material for marine main engine casings. The marine steel has very strict performance requirements and must have excellent impact resistance and breakage resistance. The existing process adopts an upsetting and drawing process, the material is formed by two heats, the production period is long, the grain size of the product is large, and the product is mixed crystal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a marine steel material and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the existing marine steel material has large crystal grains and multiple mixed crystals and forging fire is generated during the manufacturing of marine steel.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the marine steel material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45-0.48 wt%, Si: 0.25 to 0.35wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.80 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.010wt%, Cr: 0.15-0.24 wt%, Cu not more than 0.25wt%, Al: 0.015 to 0.025wt%, less than or equal to 15ppm of O, less than or equal to 2.0ppm of H, and the balance of Fe and other unavoidable elements.
A manufacturing method of a steel material for ships comprises the following steps:
firstly, primary smelting in an electric furnace:
adding the steel-smelting material into an electric furnace for processing until the component requirement of the material is met, and tapping at a certain temperature;
secondly, refining:
adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation and deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding an alloy to form white slag, keeping deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the temperature meets the requirement and is proper;
and thirdly, VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas according to a certain gas flow and a certain gas flow cross section area before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping for a certain time under a certain vacuum degree, adding a heat preservation agent or carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover a slag surface, softly blowing argon gas for a certain time, finishing ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed and the temperature reaches a ladle temperature, and obtaining a steel billet;
fourthly, forging:
keeping the temperature for a period of time at a certain heating temperature, directly drawing the steel material to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, taking out the steel material after the steel material is formed by heating, and cooling the steel material to a certain temperature in air;
fifthly, heat treatment processing:
adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace heated to a first preheating temperature, heating to a certain annealing temperature at a uniform temperature, and preserving heat for a period of time; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to a certain normalizing temperature at a certain temperature, keeping the temperature for a period of time, then hanging and dispersing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to a certain temperature in air; and adding the steel material into a heat treatment furnace heated to a second preheating temperature, heating to a certain tempering temperature at uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for a period of time, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
Furthermore, the components of the material in the first step are required to be that the content of C is not less than 0.08 percent, the content of P is not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
Further, the slagging material in the second step is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the components of the diffusion deoxidizer are Al particles and C powder, the components of the composite refining slag are Si powder and C powder, the length of the feeding Al wire is 100-plus-150 m, and the refining time is not less than 20 min.
Further, in the third step, the gas flow of argon before vacuum is 20-50L/min, the diameter of the cross-sectional area of the gas flow is at least 50mm larger than that of the slag surface exposed molten steel, the vacuum degree is 67Pa, the vacuum maintaining time is not less than 15min, the specification of the heat preservation agent is not less than 50 kg/furnace, the specification of the carbonized rice hulls is not less than 25 kg/furnace, the argon flow of light argon blowing is 10-40L/min, and the argon light blowing time is not less than 15 min.
Further, in the fourth step, the compression ratio of the drawing is not less than 3, the forging heating temperature is 1200-1220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6-8 hours, the final forging temperature of the forging is 750-800 ℃, and the steel material is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃.
Further, in the fifth step, the first preheating temperature is 550 ℃, the annealing temperature is 670-690 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 20 hours.
Further, in the fifth step, the normalizing temperature is 870-890 ℃, the normalizing heat preservation time is 4 hours, and the air cooling is carried out until the temperature reaches 250 ℃.
Further, the method is characterized in that in the fifth step, the second preheating temperature is 290-310 ℃, the tempering temperature is 560-580 ℃, and the tempering heat preservation time is 15 hours.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the content of Cr is controlled to be 0.15-0.24 wt% on the basis of the prior art, and the addition of trace Cr can obviously improve the tensile strength and hardness of the steel material, and slightly improve the reduction of area and the elongation. The Al content is properly increased, the sensitivity of the marine steel to gaps is reduced while the grain refinement is achieved, and the impact property of the steel material is improved, namely the impact property KV2Not less than 15J, and further enhances the mechanical property of the marine steel.
And secondly, the one-step firing is realized in the forging process, the quality problems and even waste products caused by local over-burning, overheating and mixed crystal are avoided, and the application of the production method greatly saves time and gas consumption. And controlling the finish forging temperature to 750-800 ℃, and reducing the finish forging temperature as much as possible under the condition of ensuring that the low-temperature forging crack is not generated in the forged piece, so as to improve the defect of coarse grains after recrystallization, refine the grains and homogenize the grains. Annealing, normalizing and tempering processes are adopted after forging, wherein the annealing and normalizing can achieve the effects of homogenizing the chemical components and the structure of the steel, refining grains, adjusting the hardness, eliminating internal stress and work hardening, and the normalizing process can further eliminate the overheating defects and the banded structures of coarse grains and the like, so as to achieve the effects of refining the grains, homogenizing the structure and providing good tissue preparation for subsequent hot working. The tempering process can improve the toughness and plasticity of the steel. The invention can prepare the high-quality marine steel with fine crystal grains, and the grain size is higher than 5 grade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic micrograph of a sample of example 1 taken at 100 Xmagnification;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic micrograph of a sample of comparative example 1 taken at 100 Xmagnification.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
Four, cutting 3 pieces of the material according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum one at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or at the position of 80mm from the surface)Longitudinal tensile test specimens and impact test specimens. The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000041
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 2
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000051
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 3
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000061
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 4
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000071
The impact test piece was a test piece with a 2mm V-notch, and the test pieces were subjected to a longitudinal tensile test, respectivelyAnd the statistics of the impact test and the mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 5
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 8h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000081
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 6
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 750 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000091
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 7
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 800 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000101
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 8
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 670 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000111
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 9
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 690 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). Ruler for stretching sampleCun is composed of
Figure GDA0002521835410000121
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 10
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 870 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and scattering the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000131
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 11
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 890 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and air-cooling to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 570 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000141
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Example 12
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 560 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000151
The impact test sample is a test sample with a V-shaped notch of 2mm, the longitudinal tensile test and the impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of the test results of the mechanical properties are shown in the tableAnd thirdly, performing the operation of the device.
Example 13
In this embodiment, taking manufacturing of a high-quality marine S45SU forging as an example, the specific implementation steps are as follows:
firstly, manufacturing a steel material for ships by the following steps:
1. tapping from an electric furnace: obtaining the steel material with the C content not less than 0.08 percent and the P content not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃.
2. Refining: adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, adding an alloy, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding the alloy to form white slag, keeping the deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the white slag, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the requirement is met and the temperature is appropriate; the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the feeding Al wire is 120m in length, and the refining time is 20 min.
3. VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas with the gas flow rate of 40L/min and the gas cross-sectional area of phi 10mm before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping the vacuum degree of 67Pa for 20min, adding a heat preservation agent with the specification of 50 kg/furnace or 5 bags/furnace carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover the slag surface, soft blowing the argon gas with the gas flow rate of 30L/min of 20 mm, carrying out ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed, and pouring into octagonal ingots after the temperature reaches the ladle temperature.
4. Forging: forging by a hydraulic press, forming a material by heating, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, and setting the compression ratio to be 3. The forging heating temperature is 1210 ℃, the heat preservation time is 7h, and the finish forging temperature is 770 ℃. After forging, the steel is air-cooled to 600 ℃ and then is put into a heat treatment furnace.
5. And (3) heat treatment processing: adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 550 ℃, uniformly heating to 680 ℃, and preserving heat for 20 hours; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to 880 ℃ at the uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, then hanging and releasing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to 250 ℃; and (3) putting the material into a heat treatment furnace preheated to 300 ℃, uniformly heating to 580 ℃, preserving heat for 15 hours, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and cooling to room temperature in air.
6. Rough machining: the forging was made to 380 x 335 x 600mm size by roughing.
And secondly, carrying out chemical component analysis on the obtained steel material, wherein the analysis result is shown in a table I.
And thirdly, sampling on one end (equivalent to the cap end of the steel ingot) of the forging, inspecting according to GB/T6394, and observing the grain size of the gold forging sample, wherein a metallographic micrograph of the sample is shown in figure 1. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
And fourthly, cutting 3 longitudinal tensile samples and impact samples according to GB/T2975 (namely, the minimum value is taken at the position of 1/4 thickness from the surface or 80mm from the surface). The dimensions of the tensile specimen are
Figure GDA0002521835410000161
The impact test sample is a test sample with a 2mm V-shaped notch, a longitudinal tensile test and an impact test are respectively carried out on the test sample, and the statistics of mechanical property test results are shown in the third table.
Comparative example 1
One end (equivalent to the cap end of a steel ingot) of the forged piece obtained by the existing method is sampled and inspected, the grain size of the sample of the forged piece is observed, and the metallographic microscopic picture of the sample is shown in figure 2. The grain size statistics are shown in table two.
Table one chemical composition analysis results
Furnace number C(wt％) Si(wt％) Mn(wt％) P(wt％) S(wt％) Cr(wt％) Ni(wt％)
Example 1 0.47 0.27 0.74 0.005 0.003 0.16 0.07
Example 2 0.47 0.30 0.75 0.009 0.003 0.18 0.12
Example 3 0.47 0.29 0.73 0.008 0.003 0.18 0.14
Example 4 0.47 0.31 0.73 0.004 0.003 0.17 0.07
Example 5 0.47 0.30 0.76 0.005 0.002 0.23 0.08
Example 6 0.46 0.31 0.74 0.006 0.003 0.23 0.09
Example 7 0.47 0.27 0.75 0.005 0.002 0.18 0.10
Example 8 0.46 0.28 0.74 0.008 0.003 0.16 0.09
Example 9 0.47 0.27 0.76 0.004 0.003 0.17 0.12
Example 10 0.46 0.29 0.73 0.007 0.002 0.19 0.07
Example 11 0.47 0.30 0.73 0.005 0.003 0.20 0.10
Example 12 0.47 0.30 0.74 0.007 0.003 0.21 0.08
Comparative example 1 0.46 0.30 0.77 0.010 0.003 0.13 0.08
In the test, the chemical components are regulated and controlled by the processing modes of electric furnace tapping, refining and VD vacuum treatment, the content of Cr is controlled within 0.15-0.24 wt%, and the beneficial effects of improving the tensile strength, improving the hardness, and improving the reduction of area and the elongation can be achieved by adding trace Cr. Meanwhile, the content of Al in the steel material is properly increased, crystal grains are further refined, and the mechanical property is further improved.
Apparent two grain size observations
Furnace number Grain size Furnace number Grain size
Example 1 7 Example 8 7
Example 2 7 Example 9 6
Example 3 7 Example 10 7
Example 4 7 Example 11 6
Example 5 6 Example 12 7
Example 6 7 Comparative example 1 7 grade 85% -3.5 grade 15%
Example 7 7
The forging plastic deformation breaks coarse primary dendrites, has the function of refining grains, but on the other hand, during high-temperature plastic deformation, a recrystallization process exists, and the grain size of the forged piece after recrystallization during high-temperature plastic deformation is determined by temperature and deformation degree.
Recrystallization of T ═ alpha T melt
The ultra-pure metal alpha is 0.2, the industrial pure metal alpha is 0.4, and the solid solution alpha containing the alloy element is 0.7-0.8. The higher the melting point, the higher the recrystallization temperature, and the better the heat resistance.
As can be seen from the figures 1 and 2 and the first and second tables, the grain size of the steel material for the ship prepared by the method is 6-7 grade, the grain size of the steel material for the ship produced by the conventional method is 85-3.5 grade and 15 percent, and the phenomenon of mixed crystals occurs. The grain size of the steel material prepared by the method is obviously higher than that of the ship steel produced by the prior method, the defects of large and mixed grains of the ship steel actually produced by the prior method are effectively overcome, and the steel material has uniform grain size, fine grains and no mixed grains, so that the production rejection rate can be reduced.
The finish forging temperature is controlled to be 750-800 ℃, the higher the forging temperature is, the larger the crystal grains are after the forge piece is recrystallized, the finish forging temperature is reduced as much as possible under the condition that the forge piece is prevented from low-temperature forging crack, and the crystal grains are refined. After forging, the annealing and normalizing treatment is adopted, so that the defect of coarse grains caused by long-term high temperature can be improved, and the effect of refining the grains is also achieved.
Results of mechanical Properties of Table III
Figure GDA0002521835410000181
Figure GDA0002521835410000191
The notch form of the impact sample has great influence on impact toughness, and the V-shaped notch is sharper than the U-shaped notch in summer, so that the notch and the internal defect of the material can better reflect the sensitivity of the notch and the internal defect to dynamic load. S45SU the marine original performance impact test piece adopts a 2mm U-shaped notch test piece, and the current impact test piece adopts a 2mm V-shaped notch test piece.
As can be observed from Table III, the steel material for the ship prepared by the method meets the following standard: the yield strength is more than or equal to 285MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 570MPa, the shrinkage rate is more than or equal to 35 percent, the elongation is more than or equal to 18 percent, and the impact (Kv2) is more than or equal to 15J. Therefore, the method can prepare the marine steel material meeting the corresponding requirements.
The forging process realizes one-step material forming, avoids local over-burning, overheating and mixed crystal causing quality problems or even waste products, and the application of the production method greatly saves time and gas consumption. And controlling the finish forging temperature to 750-800 ℃, and reducing the finish forging temperature as much as possible under the condition of ensuring that the low-temperature forging crack is not generated in the forged piece, so as to improve the defect of coarse grains after recrystallization, refine the grains and homogenize the grains. Annealing, normalizing and tempering processes are adopted after forging, wherein the annealing and normalizing can achieve the effects of homogenizing the chemical components and the structure of the steel, refining grains, adjusting the hardness, eliminating internal stress and work hardening, and the normalizing process can further eliminate the overheating defects and the banded structures of coarse grains and the like, so as to achieve the effects of refining the grains, homogenizing the structure and providing good tissue preparation for subsequent hot working. The tempering process can improve the toughness and plasticity of the steel. The invention can prepare the high-quality marine steel with fine crystal grains, and the grain size is higher than 5 grade.
Chemical components are regulated and controlled through the processing modes of electric furnace tapping, refining and VD vacuum treatment, the content of Cr is controlled within 0.15-0.24 wt%, and the beneficial effects of improving tensile strength, hardness and percentage reduction of area and elongation can be achieved by adding trace Cr. The content of Al is properly improved, the sensitivity of the steel for the ship to gaps is reduced while the grain refinement is achieved, the impact property of the steel material is improved, and the mechanical property of the steel for the ship is further enhanced.
The forging process adopts a drawing process, realizes one-step firing, avoids local overburning, overheating and mixed crystal causing quality problems or even waste products, and greatly saves gas consumption. Meanwhile, the beneficial effects of shortening the production period and improving the production efficiency can be realized by forming the material by one fire. And controlling the finish forging temperature to be 750-800 ℃, normalizing after forging, refining crystal grains, enabling the grain size to be uniform and fine, achieving the ideal target of actual grain size and performance, and ensuring the product quality.

Claims (1)

1. The manufacturing method of the marine steel material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45-0.48 wt%, Si: 0.25 to 0.35wt%, Mn: 0.70-0.80 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.010wt%, Cr: 0.15-0.24 wt%, Cu not more than 0.25wt%, Al: 0.015-0.025 wt%, less than or equal to 15ppm of O, less than or equal to 2.0ppm of H, and the balance of Fe and other unavoidable elements, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, primary smelting in an electric furnace:
adding the steel-smelting material into an electric furnace for processing until the component requirement of the material is met, and tapping at a certain temperature;
secondly, refining:
adding a slagging material into a steel ladle in place for slagging, electrically heating, adding a diffusion deoxidizer, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle after the temperature meets the requirement, feeding an aluminum wire for precipitation and deoxidation according to the content of all aluminum in a detection result, adding an alloy to form white slag, keeping deoxidation, sampling and carrying out component detection on the steel ladle, continuously adding the diffusion deoxidizer for deoxidation according to the detection result, carrying out component adjustment, appropriately adding white ash, composite refining slag, a top slag modifier and fluorite in the whole refining process according to the actual condition, and lifting the steel ladle out of the furnace when the temperature meets the requirement and is proper;
and thirdly, VD vacuum treatment:
introducing argon gas according to a certain gas flow and a certain gas flow cross section area before vacuum, starting a vacuum pump step by step, keeping for a certain time under a certain vacuum degree, adding a heat preservation agent or carbonized rice hulls after vacuum to completely cover a slag surface, softly blowing argon gas for a certain time, finishing ladle pouring after the slag surface is slightly moved and molten steel is not exposed and the temperature reaches a ladle temperature, and obtaining a steel billet;
fourthly, forging:
keeping the temperature for a period of time at a certain heating temperature, directly drawing to a required size by adopting a drawing technology, wherein the finish forging temperature is 750-800 ℃, taking out the steel material after being formed into a material by heating, and cooling to a certain temperature by air;
and (3) heat treatment processing:
adding the air-cooled steel material into a heat treatment furnace heated to a first preheating temperature, heating to a certain annealing temperature at a uniform temperature, and preserving heat for a period of time; continuously heating the heat treatment furnace to a certain normalizing temperature at a certain temperature, keeping the temperature for a period of time, then hanging and dispersing the steel materials, and cooling the steel materials to a certain temperature in air; adding the steel material into a heat treatment furnace heated to a second preheating temperature, heating to a certain tempering temperature at uniform temperature, keeping the temperature for a period of time, taking the steel material out of the heat treatment furnace, and air-cooling to room temperature;
the first step is that the material has the components that the content of C is not less than 0.08 percent, the content of P is not more than 0.08 percent, and the tapping temperature is not lower than 1580 ℃; secondly, the slagging material is lime, the weight of the lime is not less than 300kg, the diffusion deoxidizer comprises Al particles and C powder, the composite refining slag comprises Si powder and C powder, the length of the feeding aluminum wire is 100-150m, and the refining time is not less than 20 min; before vacuum, the gas flow of argon is 20-50L/min, the diameter of the cross section area of gas flow is at least 50mm larger than that of slag surface exposed molten steel, the vacuum degree is 67Pa, the vacuum maintaining time is not less than 15min, the specification of a heat preservation agent is not less than 50 kg/furnace, the specification of carbonized rice hulls is not less than 25 kg/furnace, the argon flow of soft argon blowing is 10-40L/min, and the time of light argon blowing is not less than 15 min; fourthly, the compression ratio of the drawing is not less than 3, the forging heating temperature is 1200-1220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 6-8 hours, and the steel material is air-cooled to 600-650 ℃; fifthly, the first preheating temperature is 550 ℃, the annealing temperature is 670-690 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 20 hours; fifthly, the normalizing temperature is 870-890 ℃, the normalizing heat preservation time is 4 hours, and the air cooling is carried out until the temperature reaches 250 ℃; and fifthly, the second preheating temperature is 300 +/-10 ℃, the tempering temperature is 560-580 ℃, and the tempering heat preservation time is 15 hours.
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