CN112669687A - Method for manufacturing personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of surgical medical training equipment, and relates to a method for manufacturing a personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model, which comprises the steps of manufacturing a three-dimensional geometric model based on a medical image and performing smoothing treatment; making a bottom coating on the three-dimensional geometric model; making a tearing opening on the bottom layer coating; carrying out surface modification or additional layer coating on the cut tearing-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet, and attaching the tearing-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet to the tearing mouth; and manufacturing an outer coating on the bottom coating of the three-dimensional geometric model. The modeling method of the invention improves the technical problem that the traditional cavity model can not be used for manufacturing the expandable dummy cavity model. Meanwhile, controllable false cavity triggering positions and controllable false cavity development paths can be realized. The aortic dissection model can be well manufactured in real size, and the clinical application value of the model is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surgical medical training equipment, relates to a method for manufacturing a personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model, and more particularly relates to a method for manufacturing a multilayer transparent hose cavity model containing characteristics close to aortic interlayer disease development based on real size.
Background
Aortic dissection is a serious cardiovascular disease with an incidence of about four per hundred thousandths or more. Large vessels such as the aorta generally have a layered structure and can be thought of simply as being composed of three layers, the intima, media and adventitia. Aortic dissection is manifested by damage to the blood vessels of unknown origin, causing blood that has originally flowed through the lumen to appear in the media layer of the blood vessel and form a new blood flow pathway in the media layer. Due to the combined action of multiple inflammatory mediators, a great deal of inflammatory factors are carried by blood flow flowing through blood vessels after the occurrence of dissection, the risks of aortic rupture and the like are combined, and the aortic dissection becomes an extremely dangerous cardiovascular emergency. However, the cause of this dangerous cardiovascular disease is still lacking in systematic studies. Meanwhile, the onset of disease is rapid, so the development and development of the interlayer are rarely studied in the academic world and in clinic. The invention develops a method for manufacturing a silica gel elastic tube with an interlayer characteristic on a controllable region for establishing an aorta, and can assist clinical and related researchers to deeply understand the generation and development process of aortic dissection diseases through in-vitro experiments.
Aortic dissection forces arterial blood vessels to form a true lumen and a false lumen, and the blood flow lumen in a healthy condition is generally called a true lumen, and the newly formed blood flow lumen after dissection is called a false lumen. Aortic dissection has a variety of dissection modes, and according to the Stanford dissection method, the range of Stanford type a dissection false chamber affects the dissection symptoms of the aortic arch or ascending aorta, while the type B dissection is characterized by not affecting the aortic arch and ascending aorta. The interlayer is usually accompanied by severe pain, the disease progresses seriously after the A-type interlayer is developed, the disease course of the B-type interlayer is slightly slow, and the B-type interlayer can be treated conservatively when the disease is not serious. But about one-fourth of patients with type B sandwich will experience sudden deterioration.
There is a correlation between the onset of aortic dissection and elevated blood pressure, and studies have shown that the morphology of the ascending aorta or aortic arch of dissected patients may also have an effect on the onset of dissection. One of the factors affecting the development of dissections may be the shape and depth of the aortic lacerations. Considering the above pathogenic factors (the ascending aorta, the aortic arch form, the aortic laceration shape and depth, and the increase of the pressure born by the aorta) comprehensively, if a model conforming to the geometric characteristics of a certain part of the aorta can be manufactured by means of a 3D printing technology on the basis of artificial modeling or image-based, and a silicone membrane with the specified thickness A is manufactured on the model obtained by 3D printing through a coating method, a wound with a personalized shape of a patient can be manufactured on the silicone membrane by using a special cutter or a die and other methods. And continuously manufacturing a silica gel coating layer with the thickness of B on the outer surface of the silica gel model with the wound, and finally taking out the silica gel sheet as the wound from the inner side of the silica gel model with the dissolved inner core, so as to obtain the in-vitro interlayer physical model with the controllable tearing opening shape and the thickness of the true and false cavity. Considering the relationship between the interlayer morbidity and the blood pressure rise, the model can be connected into a pipeline environment with a pressure rise function, the pre-embedded tearing characteristic is developed into an aorta model with an interlayer by increasing the pressure, wherein the layer A and the layer B are gradually separated under the action of the pressure, so that the layer A is developed into a silica gel imitation body similar to a real cavity in the aorta interlayer, and the layer B is developed into a silica gel imitation body similar to a false cavity in an interlayer case. And the observation and monitoring of the pressure and flow field in the development process and the placement and tearing port plugging of the developed bracket can help clinicians and related scientific research workers to better develop scientific research and other work related to the development of aortic dissection.
The patent application: a preparation method of a tissue model with a cavity structure and the tissue model are disclosed in application number 201710198475. The main problems thereof are: the manufacturing method stated in the patent can manufacture a silica gel model, and the form precision of the silica gel model can be ensured by a 3D printing technology. However, this patent does not show or limit how the thickness accuracy can be controlled, nor does it describe advantageous technical details that can be used to prepare a silicone replica for observing the development of interlayer features. The patent application: a method for making a personalized transparent silica gel model based on soluble materials, application No. 201811194119.1. This patent does not give a coating method to achieve a specified thickness of the silica gel layer. The patent does not give a manufacturing method for realizing a silica gel phantom blood vessel model containing a developable aortic dissection. The patent application: an aortic dissection model establishing method, a model and a simulated operation detection method are provided with application number 201910003999.8. The patent focuses on the realization of surgical training on samples where aortic dissection has occurred, and the dissection characteristics are based on existing CT images and do not involve the development of dissection characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a phantom model containing aortic dissection disease characteristics, and the model and the tearing characteristics thereof can develop in a tearing area in a pressure-rising environment, so that the technical problem that the developable dissection characteristics are difficult to manufacture is solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the model inner core of the method can be reconstructed based on the model of the medical image, and can also be a simplified geometrical structure based on the modeling of clinical data. The 3D printing of the model inner core can adopt PVA and other printing consumables which are water-soluble or have solubility. The mold core may be further surface smoothed. The printed and smoothed model is fixed on a rotating device for making a bottom coating.
The manufacturing process is combined with a brushing method for measuring thickness, and the thickness data of the silica gel layer at a specific position is obtained by adopting a mode of measuring the thickness change of each layer of silica gel at a fixed position after the silica gel layer is solidified. The specific implementation of this step is divided into two steps. First, several circumferential ring-shaped markers are made in the radial direction of the smooth aorta or other blood vessels. The position of the mark is generally selected to be a position suitable for thickness measurement, and is used for acquiring data of thickness increment at the current position after each layer of silica gel is cured. If the tool for thickness acquisition is a contact tool for radial thickness measurement such as a vernier caliper, the marking also needs to consider that the contact position of the vernier caliper and the measured model has a one-to-one correspondence relationship in each measurement process so as to ensure the effectiveness of acquiring the thickness increment data of the position.
In order to manufacture a silica gel layer with a specified thickness, when the thickness of the silica gel layer is close to a set thickness, the free flowing silica gel on the surface of the model is removed to a certain extent by adopting an adsorption means such as a brush or a porous medium structure or an external force means such as a high-pressure wind field, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the manufacturing thickness of the current coating. The brush and the porous medium are in a contact type silica gel removing way, the wind field is in a non-contact type silica gel removing way, and the core purpose of the wind field is to more effectively remove silica gel. The two modes are more effective than a removal mode only adopting the action of gravity, the manufacturing thickness of the current layer can be reduced to a greater extent, the process of gradually approaching the target thickness can be more controllable, and the precision is higher. The silica gel layer with the specified thickness, namely the bottom coating, is prepared by adopting the method.
The tearing port is manufactured on the bottom layer coating, and the specific steps are that a cutter with a customized shape or a combined tool with a customized motion trail is adopted on the cured bottom layer silica gel coating, and the tearing port with a specific shape can be manufactured on the bottom layer through processing modes such as cutting. The features may be derived from personalized clinical image material, or may be designed by human engineering. The knife of this step should be a special knife with closed edges, since a knife with an open end will leave directional cuts in the cut, possibly in the direction of which the inner layer of the sandwich pattern will tear, reducing the benefit of the invention. The cut tearing-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet can be subjected to surface treatment, so that the silica gel sheet does not have good adhesion with the subsequently coated silica gel. The cut tear feature may be conformed in shape to the original shape by applying a solution of a water soluble material, such as PVA, sugar, or the like. Or processed to form a structure having a similar shape such as a warped, high stiffness, high transparency or opacity, for filling or adhering to the tear. The beneficial result of the above treatment will be that the removed tear-shaped silicone sheet or its derived additional structure will have similar pathological structural features like the layered structure of aortic dissection or transparent calcified plaque. Therefore, the in vitro model manufactured by the method has wider application value in the research process of interlayer development. The surface treatment method includes but is not limited to soaking by chemical agents, multi-layer wrapping by acrylic or various gel dripping glue, and the like.
And (5) attaching the cut model and the cut tearing opening silica gel sheet. The silica gel sheet can be bonded with the original model again by adopting a viscous liquid bonding method or a position fixing or limiting method for manufacturing the top layer silica gel coating. In view of the possible film covering processing of the specially processed silica gel film structure, the process can adopt an additional positioning workpiece to enable the silica gel film and the tearing structure to keep the position structure required by design until the model can automatically maintain the attached stable structure in the subsequent motion processing. In order to induce a false cavity with a specific shape or improve the inducing success rate of the false cavity, the torn-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet can be subjected to secondary treatment in a mode of coating a preparation beneficial to the development of the false cavity on the surface of the model or by means of an additive beneficial to the development of the false cavity in a fixed direction or a fixed shape, and the like. The application of the above formulations allows masking of the non-essential treatment areas using pre-made printing structures. The material for coating may be PVA or other coating formulations having affinity with silica gel.
And (4) further making an outer silica gel coating on the mold coated with the bottom silica gel layer in a fixed thickness. After the outer layer meets the design requirement of the thickness, the inner core of the model is dissolved, and the torn silica gel sheet which is attached to the inner layer and embedded in the silica gel layer of the outer layer is taken out in a manual or electric driving mode and other external force action modes.
In order to ensure the development of the tear under high pressure, the inner layer and the outer layer around the tear can be separated in a controllable or case-based data range by adopting manual or other external force damage or solvent soaking and the like on a designed position or area around the tear opening of the inner layer and the outer layer, so as to achieve the aim of promoting the tear to be more easily triggered after pressurization.
A method for manufacturing a personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a three-dimensional geometric model based on a medical image through a 3D printing technology, and smoothing the surface of the obtained three-dimensional geometric model.
And 2) manufacturing a bottom coating on the three-dimensional geometric model obtained in the step 1), wherein the bottom coating is a silica gel layer with the design thickness of the bottom layer of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model.
And 2.1, marking point positions on the three-dimensional geometric model obtained in the step 1), wherein the marking point positions are arranged at positions on the three-dimensional geometric model where the measuring means is convenient to implement, specifically, positions where the diameter of the three-dimensional geometric model changes uniformly or positions where repeated positioning is convenient to achieve by adopting a vernier caliper.
And 2.2) after the marking point positions are manufactured in the step 2.1), obtaining radial dimension data of each marking point position, manufacturing a bottom coating, wherein the increment of the radial dimension data of each marking point position after each gluing is used for indicating the thickness of the silica gel layer at the current position, and the thickness increment of the silica gel layer after each coating and curing is used as feedback data of thickness fixing processing, so that the bottom coating is manufactured on the three-dimensional geometric model, and the thickness of the silica gel layer on the three-dimensional geometric model is 70-90% (preferably 80%) of the design thickness of the bottom layer of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model.
And 2.3) continuously coating the silica gel layer on the silica gel layer obtained in the step 2.2), simultaneously removing the attached silica gel by adopting a contact and/or non-contact silica gel removing mode, and gradually approaching the thickness to the designed thickness of the bottom layer of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model by removing a large amount of free-flowing silica gel in the next coating, namely finishing the manufacture of the bottom layer coating.
Preferably, in the contact type silica gel removing mode, silica gel is removed from the small-diameter end of the three-dimensional geometric model by adopting a silica gel brush and a porous adsorption tool in a gradually adsorption mode, the brushing rule of the silica gel brush is that the silica gel on the silica gel brush is firstly perpendicular to the trend of the three-dimensional geometric model, and the silica gel is removed once when the distance between the two silica gel brushes is spanned. After the contact silica gel removing mode is carried out twice in the whole range, a non-contact silica gel removing mode is adopted, bottled high-pressure air is preferably used as an air source, and a long rod-shaped air nozzle is used for removing residual silica gel at positions which are difficult to contact, such as the fork position of a model. And finally, removing the silica gel in a contact manner in the direction forming an angle of 45 degrees with the trend of the three-dimensional geometric model again by adopting a contact removal manner, adsorbing to remove the silica gel, and removing the silica gel on the silica gel brush after spanning the width of the two silica gel brushes.
And 3) manufacturing a tearing opening on the bottom layer coating obtained in the step 2).
And acquiring a tearing shape from the CT image, and manufacturing a cutting tool based on the tearing shape. Cutting the bottom coating by a tearing-shaped cutting tool on the three-dimensional geometric model coated with the bottom coating obtained in the step 2), or cutting the silica gel of the bottom coating by adopting a shape-setting auxiliary cutting processing mode based on the focus characteristics, finally making a tearing opening on the bottom coating, and obtaining a cut tearing-opening-shaped silica gel sheet;
and 4, performing surface modification or additional layer coating on the torn silica gel sheet cut in the step 3) through surface modification treatment (such as soaking), so that the torn silica gel sheet can be continuously attached to the torn opening on the bottom layer coating of the three-dimensional geometric model in the step 3) in shape, but is not bonded with subsequent silica gel in the subsequent silica gel coating process, which is difficult to separate. And (3) placing the torn silica gel sheet subjected to surface modification treatment in the step 4) on the bottom layer coating obtained in the step 3) to obtain a torn opening, and enabling the torn silica gel sheet and the bottom layer coating to be attached.
And 5) manufacturing an outer coating on the bottom coating of the three-dimensional geometric model obtained in the step 4), wherein the outer coating is a silica gel layer with the design thickness of the outer layer of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model.
Specifically, on the bottom layer coating of the three-dimensional geometric model attached with the torn-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet subjected to surface modification treatment obtained in the step 4), the method in the step 2) is adopted, the silica gel layer is continuously manufactured until the thickness reaches the design thickness of the outer layer coating of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model, and the inner core of the model is dissolved after the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model is completely cured. Taking out the torn silica gel sheet in the step 4), so that a model structure formed by only an outer coating appears on the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model at the taking-out position of the torn silica gel sheet.
Further, in step 4), in a practical application scenario in which a false cavity induction model of a corresponding case shape or a personalized lesion development direction needs to be established, an auxiliary coating or an auxiliary member of a corresponding case shape may be additionally coated between the bottom coating and the outer coating in step 4), so that the inner coating and the outer coating are more easily separated on a region where the auxiliary coating or the auxiliary member is coated. The shape of this layer can be taken from the decomposition features of true and false luminal structures on the aorta or by design by the implementer after referencing CT data.
Auxiliary coatings or auxiliary components include, but are not limited to: solvent-based materials having a surface modification function, such as PVA aqueous solutions or sugar solutions having various concentrations, and release agents, which can be applied to the surface of silica gel. The auxiliary component comprises a focus-shaped sheet obtained by 3D printing, the focus sheet can be printed by soluble materials or can be taken out or fallen off at a later stage, and calcifications or cysts with personalized focus characteristics can be made of silica gel with other hardness.
Further, in step 4), when the individualized lesion characteristics of the calcified patient need to be made at the tearing position, the calcified structure is formed by stacking and stacking glue drops or acrylic sheets with different hardness, and the calcified structure is fixed on the tearing-opening-shaped silica gel sheet through bonding or a physical method to form an implanted structure existing between the bottom coating and the outer coating.
Further, in step 5), the interlayer model with the torn-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet is taken out to form an inner layer model with a torn-mouth-shaped break and an outer layer interlayer model, and in this state, the inner layer and the outer layer can be separated in a controllable manner in a manual breaking manner, so that the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model can more easily induce the expansion of the interlayer in the pressurizing process.
Further, in the step 5), interlayer separation is carried out on the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model in a controllable mode, or a mode of pre-embedding a PVA coating is adopted, namely after the bottom layer coating is manufactured, a part of area expected to develop the interlayer in advance is covered by a water-soluble PVA solution, after the manufacturing is finished, a soluble inner core is dissolved, the tearing characteristic is taken out, the part of PVA coating is dissolved, and the interlayer separation is carried out on the inner layer and the outer layer in advance.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the thickness and the thickness increment are measured at the mark point, so that the thickness feedback of the silica gel coating manufacture can be obtained, and the fixed thickness manufacture has more practical operability.
2. The contact silica gel removing and wind field free flowing silica gel removing method has the beneficial effects that the purpose of removing residual silica gel more effectively by silica gel falling than the method of simply depending on gravity can be achieved.
3. The method can realize the manufacture of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model according to the more real tearing port characteristics, and the customized cutter can realize the cutting of the non-knife edge on the circumference, so that the shape of the tearing port can not develop in the knife edge direction any more, and the pressurizing process only promotes the expansion of the interlayer region.
4. The extra coating operation is carried out on the torn-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet, so that the structure can be taken out more easily in the subsequent manufacturing process; if solution coating is carried out at a fixed position around the tear, such as coating solution such as release agent and the like, the interlayer characteristics can be more easily developed on a coating area, and the aim of directionally driving the interlayer to develop is achieved; if the secondary processing of the torn-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet is involved, such as attaching a hard core or a soft laminate, other focus-imitating structures such as calcified plaques and saccular pathological features are also made in the torn area, thereby widening the application range of the patent.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of a personalized ascending aorta with one possible tear and its false lumen.
Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of the path induced from a tear entry to another tear entry prosthesis.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but not by way of limitation, in connection with the accompanying drawings. The following provides specific materials and sources thereof used in embodiments of the present invention. However, it should be understood that these are exemplary only and not intended to limit the invention, and that materials of the same or similar type, quality, nature or function as the following reagents and instruments may be used in the practice of the invention. The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The aortic region including the aortic dissection was extracted from the medical image and reverse modeled. And making an area needing to make a false cavity on the modeled model. According to the clinical image data, corresponding to the tearing opening position in the image data, the mapping position (tearing opening AB position in figure 1) is found on the aorta wall, in this case, the tearing opening is indicated by a circle, and two tearing openings A and B are made, as shown in figure 1. The range and the path of the model which need the development of the interlayer are established according to the development condition of the interlayer in the clinical data, and the range and the path are shown in figure 2. Manufacturing an inner core of the model through 3D printing, polishing the model, and selecting mark points on the ascending aorta and the descending aorta for thickness measurement. In this example, three markers on the ascending aorta, the aortic arch and the descending aorta were selected for thickness measurement, as shown in the lateral posterior positions 1, 2 and 3 of fig. 1. And marking corresponding points of the measuring position and the position on the jaw at fixed points on the vernier caliper, wherein the measuring data of each thickness measurement has consistent positioning. The model is kept rotating by the rotating device, the silica gel coating is started, and the silica gel bottom layer is manufactured on the aorta model by measuring the thickness change at the position of the mark point after each coating and curing. The thickness of the silicone base layer can be determined from the image data or can be realized to a certain uniform thickness.
After the aorta model coated with the silica gel bottom layer is prepared, the tearing-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet is cut and taken down at the tearing mouth AB position through a special cutter, and the adhesion effect of the tearing-mouth-shaped silica gel sheet and a subsequent silica gel coating is reduced through a mode of dipping and coating a PVA solution. And attaching the dipped silica gel film to the original position of the bottom layer.
The bottom layer of the mold was made to a specified thickness. And after the silica gel bottom layer is completely solidified, marking the development range of the dummy cavity in the design on the surface of the model by the inner core in a mode of customizing a fixture and the like, and changing the adhesion between the silica gel layers in the design area by adopting a mode of coating liquid or sticking an additional piece on the designated area.
And continuously manufacturing a silica gel coating on the surface of the model, applying feedback data of thickness increment, dissolving the inner core of the model when the thickness of the outer layer also reaches the designed thickness of the model, and taking out the torn silica gel sheet. As shown in fig. 2, because a special coating favorable for tear development is pre-embedded between the inner layer and the outer layer of the model, the model at the present stage can induce interlayer characteristics on a designed tear development area by taking an AB tear opening as an inducing end in a high-pressure environment.
Compared with the existing method for manufacturing the personalized transparent silica gel model, the method for manufacturing the personalized transparent silica gel model is lower in cost, easier to realize technically, more suitable for a solid model, more controllable in interlayer characteristics, capable of observing the influence of various interventions on the flow of the false cavity, and capable of providing more important references for multiple purposes such as operations, scientific research and teaching.
In summary, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a transparent silica gel model with aortic dissection characteristics based on a soluble material, which is based on medical images, and manufactures a transparent elastic silica gel tube inner cavity capable of developing aortic dissection false cavity characteristics on the basis of an aortic model by collecting or designing possible false cavity areas. The modeling method of the invention improves the technical problem that the traditional cavity model can not be used for manufacturing the expandable dummy cavity model. Meanwhile, controllable false cavity triggering positions and controllable false cavity development paths can be realized. The aortic dissection model can be well manufactured in real size, and the clinical application value of the model is remarkably improved. The model can be applied to clinical training and education, scientific research work aiming at aortic dissection and the like. Therefore, the invention combines a plurality of interdisciplines of medical image processing, human body blood vessel model restoration, 3D printing, silica gel model coating manufacturing and the like, and provides a more effective in-vitro cavity transparent model manufacturing scheme containing expandable interlayer characteristics for clinic.
The above description of exemplary embodiments has been presented only to illustrate the technical solution of the invention and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to understand, implement and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various alternatives and modifications. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for manufacturing a personalized in vitro interlayer physical model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a three-dimensional geometric model based on a medical image through a 3D printing technology, and smoothing the surface of the obtained three-dimensional geometric model;
step 2), manufacturing a bottom coating on the three-dimensional geometric model obtained in the step 1), wherein the bottom coating is a silica gel layer with the design thickness of the bottom layer of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model;
step 2.1, marking point location manufacturing is carried out on the three-dimensional geometric model obtained in the step 1), and the marking point location is arranged at a position on the three-dimensional geometric model where the measuring means is convenient to implement;
step 2.2, after the marking point locations are manufactured in the step 2.1), obtaining radial dimension data of each marking point location, and manufacturing a bottom coating, wherein the increment of the radial dimension data of each marking point location after each gluing is used for indicating the thickness of the silica gel layer at the current position, and the thickness increment of the silica gel layer after each coating and curing is used as feedback data of fixed-thickness processing, so that the bottom coating is manufactured on the three-dimensional geometric model, and the thickness of the silica gel layer on the three-dimensional geometric model reaches 70-90% of the design thickness of the bottom layer of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model;
step 2.3), continuously coating the silica gel layer on the silica gel layer obtained in the step 2.2), and simultaneously removing the attached silica gel by adopting a contact and/or non-contact silica gel removing mode to gradually approach the thickness to the designed thickness of the bottom layer of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model, namely finishing the manufacture of the bottom layer coating;
step 3), making a tearing opening on the bottom layer coating obtained in the step 2):
acquiring a tearing shape from the CT image, and manufacturing a cutting tool based on the tearing shape; cutting the bottom coating by a tearing-shaped cutting tool on the three-dimensional geometric model coated with the bottom coating obtained in the step 2), or cutting the silica gel of the bottom coating by adopting a shape-setting auxiliary cutting processing mode based on the focus characteristics, finally making a tearing opening on the bottom coating, and obtaining a cut tearing-opening-shaped silica gel sheet;
step 4, performing surface modification or additional layer coating on the torn silica gel sheet cut in the step 3) through surface modification treatment, so that the torn silica gel sheet is continuously attached to the torn opening on the bottom layer coating of the three-dimensional geometric model in the step 3) in shape, and is not bonded with subsequent silica gel in a subsequent silica gel coating processing process, wherein the torn silica gel sheet is difficult to separate; placing the torn silica gel sheet subjected to surface modification treatment on the bottom layer coating obtained in the step 3) to obtain a torn opening, and bonding the torn silica gel sheet and the bottom layer coating;
step 5), manufacturing an outer coating on the bottom coating of the three-dimensional geometric model obtained in the step 4), wherein the outer coating is a silica gel layer with the design thickness of the outer layer of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model:
step 4) obtaining a bottom layer coating of the three-dimensional geometric model which is attached with the tearing-mouth-shaped silica gel slice subjected to surface modification treatment, continuously manufacturing a silica gel layer by adopting the method in the step 2) until the thickness reaches the design thickness of an outer layer coating of the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model, and dissolving the inner core of the model after the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model is completely cured; taking out the torn silica gel sheet in the step 4), so that a model structure formed by only an outer coating appears on the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model at the taking-out position of the torn silica gel sheet.
2. The method for making the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), in a practical application scenario where a false cavity induced model corresponding to a case shape or a personalized lesion development direction needs to be established, an auxiliary coating or an auxiliary member corresponding to a case shape is additionally coated between the bottom coating and the outer coating, so that the inner coating and the outer coating are more easily separated on a region where the auxiliary coating or the auxiliary member is coated.
3. The method for making the personalized in vitro sandwich physical model according to claim 2, wherein the auxiliary coating is selected from the group consisting of: PVA aqueous solutions or sugar solutions of different concentrations, and a release agent; the auxiliary component is selected from a focus-shaped sheet obtained by 3D printing, and the focus-shaped sheet is selected from a sheet printed by a soluble material, a sheet taken out later, a sheet falling off later, or calcifications or cysts which are made of silica gel with different hardness and have personalized focus characteristics.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), when the individualized lesion feature of the calcified patient is to be created at the torn position, the calcified structure is formed by stacking and stacking dripped glue or acrylic sheets with different hardness, and the calcified structure is fixed on the torn silicone sheet by bonding or physical method to form the implanted structure between the bottom coating and the outer coating.
5. The method for making the personalized in-vitro interlayer physical model according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step 2), silica gel is gradually adsorbed and removed from the small-diameter end of the three-dimensional geometric model by using a silica gel brush and a porous adsorption tool in a contact type silica gel removing mode, the brushing rule of the silica gel brush is that the silica gel on the silica gel brush is firstly removed in a direction perpendicular to the three-dimensional geometric model once when the distance between the two silica gel brushes is spanned; after the contact silica gel removing mode is operated twice in the whole range, the non-contact silica gel removing mode is adopted, bottled high-pressure air is used as an air source, and a long rod-shaped air nozzle is used for removing residual silica gel at positions which are difficult to contact, such as the fork position of a model and the like; and finally, removing the silica gel in a contact manner in the direction forming an angle of 45 degrees with the trend of the three-dimensional geometric model again by adopting a contact removal manner, adsorbing to remove the silica gel, and removing the silica gel on the silica gel brush after spanning the width of the two silica gel brushes.
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| CN113611201A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-05 | 贾贺月 | Method for constructing aortic dissection model by adopting biological material |
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