CN112309217A - Micro-anastomosis operation training model and preparation process of blood vessel model for model - Google Patents
Micro-anastomosis operation training model and preparation process of blood vessel model for model Download PDFInfo
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
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- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
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- B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
Abstract
A micro anastomosis surgery training model and a blood vessel model preparation process for the model comprise a blood vessel model, a pipeline connecting system, a blood circulating pump, a base and a supporting platform; the blood circulating pump is arranged in the sealed cavity; the supporting platform is provided with a plurality of openings; the blood vessel model is communicated with the pipeline connecting system by a connector; the pipeline connecting system is communicated with the blood circulating pump. The blood vessel model adopts specific materials and a specific manufacturing process, so that the touch and the structure of the blood vessel model are close to the real blood vessel of a human body; the micro-anastomosis surgical training model is beneficial to better understanding of blood vessel dissection, anastomosis angle, direction, position and effect, and is used for assisting a trainer to improve the accuracy of blood vessel dissection separation and suturing. Moreover, after the model is displayed to the patient, the patient has an intuitive and in-depth understanding of neurosurgical physiology, anatomy, features, surgical protocols, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medical teaching aids, and particularly relates to a micro-anastomosis operation training model and a preparation process of a blood vessel model for the model.
Background
Microsurgery technology is a surgical technology for micro-repairing and reconstructing tissues such as small blood vessels, nerves and the like by applying special and fine instruments and materials under an operation microscope, and is characterized by small wound, high operation quality and enlarged operation range, so that the operation which can not be directly performed under naked eyes can be implemented, wherein the most common technique is microsurgery anastomosis technology. The microvascular anastomosis technique is the indispensable skill of doctors in trauma surgery, hand surgery, maxillofacial and plastic surgery, repair and reconstruction surgery and the like, and is the necessary condition for re-implanting a finger (limb) body to survive, reconstructing a thumb finger and transplanting a free flap to survive. However, the clinical requirements can be met only by systematic and long-term surgical training, which needs to be mastered by the microscopic vascular anastomosis technology. Currently, most of the well-known medical institutions develop training courses for microsurgery.
The existing microscopic blood vessel anastomosis technical training mainly takes sewing of small rubber sheets, silicone tubes and the like at the initial stage, and the simulation degree of the training is poor; the later animal training mainly takes tail artery of rat, ear of rabbit and inguinal vessel of inguinal, but also has the problems of animal ethics, higher training cost, complex implementation process and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a micro anastomosis surgery training model and a preparation process of a blood vessel model for the model.
The invention relates to a micro anastomosis surgery training model, which comprises a blood vessel model, a pipeline connecting system, a blood circulating pump, a base and a supporting platform; the supporting platform is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the base; a sealed cavity is formed between the supporting platform and the lower wall of the base; the blood circulating pump is arranged in the sealed cavity; the supporting platform is provided with a plurality of openings; the pipeline connecting system and the blood vessel model are arranged on the supporting platform; the pipeline connecting system is fixed through a plurality of buckles arranged on the supporting platform; the blood vessel model is communicated with the pipeline connecting system by a connector; the pipeline connecting system is communicated with the blood circulating pump.
The invention relates to a micro-anastomosis surgery training model, wherein the vascular wall of a vascular model is provided with two layers, namely an outer layer vascular wall and an inner layer vascular wall from outside to inside in sequence; the inner diameter of the blood vessel model is 0.8-3 mm; the thickness of the blood vessel wall of the blood vessel model is 0.5-2 mm.
The invention discloses a micro anastomosis surgery training model, wherein a blood vessel model comprises normal small blood vessel typing, intimal roughness small blood vessel typing, intimal separation small blood vessel typing and soft inelastic small blood vessel typing;
the normal small blood vessel parting inner layer and the outer layer blood vessel wall are smooth, complete and tightly bonded;
the wall of the outer layer blood vessel of the intima-rough small blood vessel typing is smooth and complete, and a plurality of plaques which are randomly distributed are arranged on the inner tube wall of the inner layer blood vessel;
the inner layer and the outer layer of the inner membrane separation small blood vessel parting are smooth and complete in vessel wall, and a separation section, in which the inner layer of the vessel wall is separated from the outer layer of the vessel wall, is arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer of the inner membrane separation small blood vessel parting along the axial direction of the vessel; the separation section is characterized in that a sacrificial material is arranged between the inner layer blood vessel and the outer layer blood vessel, and the inner layer blood vessel and the outer layer blood vessel are separated after the sacrificial material is removed;
the inner layer and the outer layer of the soft inelastic small blood vessel parting are smooth, complete and tightly bonded.
According to the micro anastomosis surgery training model, the diameter of the pipeline connecting system is 1-4 mm; the flow rate of the blood circulation pump is 5-40 ml/min; the aperture of the opening is 2-5 mm.
The invention relates to a blood vessel model preparation process for a micro anastomosis surgery training model, wherein a blood vessel model is manufactured by adopting a hydrogel 3D printing process; selecting a stainless steel pipe with the diameter same as the inner diameter of the blood vessel model as a printing inner core, fixedly connecting the stainless steel pipe with an electric rotating shaft, controlling the electric rotating shaft to rotate through a control system, and enabling a printing nozzle to axially move along the printing inner core; the method is characterized in that: the printing spray head is respectively communicated with a plurality of charging barrels for placing the vascular material; each charging barrel is provided with a control valve; a mixing chamber is arranged between the charging barrel and the printing spray head; the printing step of the blood vessel model comprises the following steps:
1) the rotation of the printing nozzle is controlled by a control system, and the printing nozzle axially moves along the inner core rotating shaft;
2) the material cylinders are respectively filled with materials required by printing, one or more material cylinders corresponding to the required materials are controlled to be opened during printing, after the materials are mixed in the mixing chamber, the materials are extruded and deposited at a certain speed to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel with a certain layer thickness, the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel is solidified and formed at a low temperature, and the operations are repeated until the thickness of the blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness;
3) printing the inner layer of the blood vessel, curing at low temperature to enable the inner layer of the blood vessel to be in a state of maintaining the shape but not completely crosslinking, and printing the outer layer of the blood vessel; after the outer layer of the blood vessel is printed, the integral model is cured at low temperature to ensure that the hydrogel blood vessel is completely cured, and the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel are crosslinked to a certain extent, so that the printing of the blood vessel model is completed.
The invention relates to a preparation process of a blood vessel model for a micro-anastomosis surgery training model, which is characterized in that five charging barrels are arranged, namely a charging barrel A, a charging barrel B, a charging barrel C, a charging barrel D and a charging barrel E; the type I composite hydrogel is placed in the charging barrel A; the material cylinder B is internally provided with II-type composite hydrogel, the material cylinder C is internally provided with single-component hydrogel, and the material cylinder D is internally provided with micron-sized calcified particles; sacrificial materials are placed in the E material barrel;
the inner layer blood vessel printing step is as follows: controlling the charging barrel A to be opened, extruding the I-type composite hydrogel from the printing nozzle and depositing the I-type composite hydrogel on the surface of the inner core to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel, curing and forming the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel at low temperature, repeating the above operations, and switching to next layer of printing until the thickness of the hydrogel blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness;
the outer layer blood vessel printing step is as follows: the control system controls the material barrel B to be opened, the type II composite hydrogel is extruded from the printing spray head and deposited on the surface of the inner core to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel, the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel is solidified and formed at low temperature, the operation is repeated, and the next layer of printing is carried out until the thickness of the hydrogel blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness;
after printing is finished, curing the blood vessel model again at the temperature of minus 5 to minus 20 ℃, and then crosslinking the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel to achieve tight adhesion of the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel; and finally, removing the inner core of the stainless steel pipe to obtain the blood vessel model.
The preparation process of the blood vessel model for the training model of the microscopic anastomosis surgery comprises the steps of enabling the rotation speed of an inner core to be 1-10 r/min, enabling the inner diameter of a printing nozzle to be 0.1-0.3 mm, enabling the printing speed of the printing nozzle to be 3-50 mm/s, enabling the extrusion speed of a blood vessel material to be 0.03-1 g/min, enabling the thickness of the printing layer to be 0.05-0.2 mm, and enabling the curing temperature to be-5 to-20 ℃.
According to the blood vessel model preparation process for the micro anastomosis surgery training model, the material barrel A and the material barrel D are controlled to be opened simultaneously when rough inner membrane small blood vessel typing is printed, the type I composite hydrogel and micron-sized calcified particles are mixed at a spray head and then extruded, and the inner layer of the blood vessel is printed.
According to the blood vessel model preparation process for the micro anastomosis surgery training model, when small blood vessels for intimal separation are printed and classified, after printing of inner-layer blood vessels is completed, the E material cylinder is controlled to be opened, sacrificial materials are extruded out of a printing nozzle, a sacrificial material layer is printed at a position 1-3 cm in the middle of the blood vessels, the printing thickness is 0.1-0.3 mm, and then outer-layer blood vessels are printed according to the outer-layer blood vessel printing step; finally, the sacrificial material is removed, and the inner and outer layer blood vessels at the corresponding positions are in a separated state.
According to the blood vessel model preparation process for the micro-anastomosis surgery training model, when soft inelastic small blood vessels are printed for typing, the C material cylinder is controlled to be opened, single-component hydrogel is extruded through the printing nozzle, and inner-layer blood vessels are printed; and printing the outer layer blood vessel according to the step of printing the outer layer blood vessel.
The invention relates to a micro anastomosis surgery training model and a preparation process of a blood vessel model for the model, wherein the blood vessel model adopts a specific material and a specific manufacturing process, so that the touch and the structure of the blood vessel model are close to the real blood vessel of a human body; and normal blood vessels and parting blood vessels with different injuries are arranged for blood vessel injury judgment and injury excision practice before anastomosis operation. When the micro anastomosis operation training model is used by a trainer, the blood vessel judgment and damage treatment can be carried out firstly, and then the anastomosis operation is carried out, so that the trainer in the clinical operation training experiences the real environment and quickly masters the operation process, and the micro anastomosis operation training model has remarkable significance. The micro-anastomosis surgical training model is beneficial to better understanding of blood vessel dissection, anastomosis angle, direction, position and effect, and is used for assisting a trainer to improve the accuracy of blood vessel dissection separation and suturing. Moreover, after the model is displayed to the patient, the patient has an intuitive and in-depth understanding of neurosurgical physiology, anatomy, features, surgical protocols, and the like. It is of great interest to apply the model to diagnosis, surgical planning, simulation, surgical novice training and patient notification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a training model for a microanastomotic procedure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a normal small blood vessel typing structure according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the intima-roughness-small-vessel typing structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the intimal separation small vessel typing structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a print head and a cartridge according to the present invention;
the blood circulation test device comprises a blood vessel model 1, a pipeline connecting system 2, a blood circulation pump 3, a supporting platform 4, a base 5, an opening 6, a blood vessel outer layer 7, a blood vessel inner layer 8, a plaque 9, a separation section 10, a charging barrel 11, a control valve 12, a mixing chamber 13, a printing nozzle 14, an electric rotating shaft 15 and an inner core 16.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the micro anastomosis surgery training model and the process for preparing the model blood vessel model 1 according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example one
In this embodiment, the training model for the micro anastomosis surgery is composed of a blood vessel model 1, a pipeline connecting system 2, a blood circulating pump 3, a base 5 and a supporting platform 4 as shown in fig. 1; the supporting platform 4 is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the base 5; a sealed cavity is formed between the supporting platform 4 and the lower wall of the base 5; the blood circulating pump 3 is arranged in the sealed cavity; a plurality of openings 6 with the aperture of 2mm are arranged on the supporting platform 4; the pipeline connecting system 2 and the blood vessel model 1 are arranged on the supporting platform 4; the pipeline connecting system 2 is fixed through a plurality of buckles arranged on the supporting platform 4; the blood vessel model 1 is communicated with the pipeline connecting system 2 by a joint; the pipeline connecting system 2 is communicated with the blood circulating pump 3. The diameter of the pipeline is 2mm, and the horizontal branch of the pipeline and the blood vessel model 1 are in the same horizontal position, so that smooth blood flow of the whole system is ensured during anastomosis operation; the flow rate of the blood circulating pump 3 is 5 ml/min; the base 5 has a water storage function, the pump is arranged in the base 5, and leaked blood can directly flow back to the base 5 when the pump is operated through the opening 6 on the operating platform.
The blood vessel model 1 is a normal small blood vessel typing and is shown in figure 2, and an outer blood vessel and an inner blood vessel are arranged from outside to inside in sequence. The blood vessel internal diameter is 1mm, and the total wall thickness of inlayer blood vessel to outer blood vessel is 1mm, and is similar with normal human small blood vessel, and the vascular wall is smooth complete, and two-layer inseparable bonding, elasticity is good, and the not damaged does not have the pathological change. The intravascular layer 8 is made of I-type composite hydrogel, and the matrix is formed by mixing 25wt% of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide by taking water as a solvent; the filler is formed by mixing 5wt% of talc and 5wt% of mica; the humectant is 12wt% glycerin; the preservative is 1.3 wt% phenoxyethanol. The hardness of the material is Shore 000, the tensile strength is 3 MPa, and the elastic modulus is 6 MPa. The outer layer 7 of the blood vessel is made of II type composite hydrogel, wherein the matrix is formed by mixing water as a solvent, polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide, and the content is 15 wt%; the inorganic filler is formed by mixing montmorillonite and mica, and the addition amount is 2 wt%. The hardness of the hydrogel is Shore 000, the tensile strength is 0.7MPa, and the elastic modulus is 4.0 MPa.
The normal small blood vessel is made by hydrogel 3D printing technology. As shown in fig. 5, a stainless steel tube with a diameter the same as the inner diameter of a blood vessel of the blood vessel model 1 is selected as a printing inner core 16, the rotation speed of the inner core 16 is 5 r/min, the stainless steel tube is fixedly connected with an electric rotating shaft 15, the electric rotating shaft 15 is controlled to rotate by a control system, a printing nozzle 14 axially moves along the printing inner core 16, the inner diameter of the printing nozzle 14 is 0.2mm, the extrusion speed of the printing blood vessel material is 0.5 g/min, the printing speed is 27mm/s, the printing layer thickness is 0.1mm, the printing nozzle 14 is respectively communicated with a plurality of material cylinders 11 for placing the blood vessel material through a mixing chamber 13, and a control valve 12 is arranged between each material cylinder 11 and the mixing chamber 13.
When printing the inner layer blood vessel: and (3) controlling the A charging barrel 11 to be opened, extruding the I-type composite hydrogel from the printing spray head 14 and depositing the I-type composite hydrogel on the surface of the inner core 16 to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel, solidifying and forming the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel at low temperature, repeating the above operations, and switching to the next layer of printing until the thickness of the hydrogel blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness of 0.4 mm.
When printing the outer layer blood vessel: and the control system controls the B material cylinder 11 to be opened, the type II composite hydrogel is extruded from the printing spray head 14 and deposited on the surface of the inner core 16 to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel, the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel is solidified and formed at low temperature, and the operation is repeated until the thickness of the hydrogel blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness of 0.6 mm.
After printing, the blood vessel model 1 is cured again at-10 ℃, and the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel are crosslinked to achieve tight adhesion of the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel; finally, the inner core 16 of the stainless steel tube is removed, and the blood vessel model 1 can be obtained.
Example two
The training model of the micro anastomosis operation in the embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
The blood vessel model 1 is a rough intima small blood vessel type and is shown in figure 3, and an outer blood vessel and an inner blood vessel are sequentially arranged from outside to inside. The inner diameter of the blood vessel is 0.8mm, the total wall thickness from the inner layer blood vessel to the outer layer blood vessel is 1.5mm, the outer layer 7 of the blood vessel is smooth and complete, the inner layer 8 of the blood vessel is in the shape of a rough plaque 9 under a microscope, and the plaques 9 are randomly distributed. The inner layer material is a mixture of I-type composite hydrogel and micron-sized calcified particles, simulates texture and performance of the vascular calcification in the initial stage, and has the hardness of Shore 000, the tensile strength of 2.5 MPa and the elastic modulus of 4 MPa. The outer layer 7 of the blood vessel adopts II type composite hydrogel, and the composition and the performance are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The intima-roughness small blood vessel typing is manufactured by adopting a hydrogel 3D printing process. As shown in fig. 5, a stainless steel tube with a diameter the same as the inner diameter of the blood vessel model 1 is selected as a printing inner core 16, the rotation speed of the inner core 16 is 7 r/min, the stainless steel tube is fixedly connected with an electric rotating shaft 15, the electric rotating shaft 15 is controlled to rotate by a control system, a printing nozzle 14 axially moves along the printing inner core 16, the inner diameter of the printing nozzle 14 is 0.15mm, the extrusion speed of the printing blood vessel material is 0.6 g/min, the printing speed is 30mm/s, and the printing nozzle 14 with the printing layer thickness of 0.15mm is respectively communicated with a plurality of charging barrels 11 for placing the blood vessel material.
Printing the intravascular layer 8: and (3) controlling the A material cylinder 11 and the D material cylinder 11 to be opened, and mixing the type I composite hydrogel and the micron-sized calcified particles at a spray head and then extruding the mixture. Forming thin-wall hydrogel blood vessels, solidifying and forming the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessels at low temperature, repeating the above operations, and transferring to the next layer for printing until the thickness of the hydrogel blood vessels reaches the required thickness of 0.7 mm.
When printing the outer layer blood vessel: the outer vessel layer was printed as in example one until the hydrogel vessel wall thickness reached the desired thickness of 0.8 mm.
After printing, the blood vessel model 1 is cured again at the temperature of-15 ℃, and the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel are crosslinked at the moment to achieve tight adhesion of the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel; finally, the inner core 16 of the stainless steel tube is removed, and the blood vessel model 1 can be obtained.
EXAMPLE III
The composition of the micro-anastomosis surgery training model in the embodiment is the same as that in the embodiment I
The blood vessel model 1 is a small blood vessel type with separated intima, as shown in fig. 4, and comprises an outer blood vessel layer, a sacrificial material layer and an inner blood vessel layer from outside to inside in sequence. The vessel inner diameter was 1.5mm and the total wall thickness from the inner vessel to the outer vessel was 2 mm. A separation section 10 for separating the inner layer blood vessel wall from the outer layer blood vessel wall is arranged between the inner layer blood vessel wall and the outer layer blood vessel wall along the axial direction of the blood vessel, and the separation section 10 realizes the separation of the inner layer blood vessel and the outer layer blood vessel after sacrificial materials are removed by arranging the sacrificial materials in the middle of the inner layer blood vessel and the outer layer blood vessel. The vessel wall is smooth and complete, and the performance of the inner layer and the outer layer is the same as that of a normal small vessel. The intravascular layer 8 is printed by I-type composite hydrogel, the intravascular layer 7 is printed by II-type composite hydrogel, and the composition and the performance are the same as those of the first embodiment.
The intima-separating small blood vessel is manufactured by adopting a hydrogel 3D printing process. As shown in fig. 5, a stainless steel tube with a diameter the same as the inner diameter of the blood vessel model 1 is selected as a printing inner core 16, the rotation speed of the inner core 16 is 6 r/min, the stainless steel tube is fixedly connected with an electric rotating shaft 15, the electric rotating shaft 15 is controlled to rotate by a control system, a printing nozzle 14 axially moves along the printing inner core 16, the inner diameter of the printing nozzle 14 is 0.1mm, the extrusion speed of the printing blood vessel material is 0.4g/min, the printing speed is 20mm/s, and the printing nozzle 14 with the printing layer thickness of 0.2mm is respectively communicated with a plurality of charging barrels 11 for placing the blood vessel material.
Printing the intravascular layer 8: and (3) controlling the A charging barrel 11 to be opened, extruding the I-type composite hydrogel from the printing spray head 14 and depositing the I-type composite hydrogel on the surface of the inner core 16 to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel, solidifying and forming the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel at low temperature, repeating the above operations, and switching to the next layer of printing until the thickness of the hydrogel blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness of 0.7 mm. After the printing of the inner layer blood vessel is finished, the E material barrel 11 is controlled to be opened, so that the sacrificial material is extruded from the printing nozzle 14, the sacrificial material layer is printed at the position 20mm in the middle of the blood vessel, the printing thickness is 0.3mm,
when printing the outer layer blood vessel: the outer vessel layer was printed as in example one until the hydrogel vessel wall thickness reached the desired thickness of 1 mm. Finally, the sacrificial material is removed, and the inner and outer layer blood vessels at the corresponding positions are in a separated state.
After printing, the blood vessel model 1 is cured again at the temperature of-15 ℃, at the moment, the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel are crosslinked, and finally, the inner core 16 of the stainless steel tube is removed, so that the blood vessel model 1 is obtained.
The visual model prepared by the preparation process of the blood vessel model 1 is helpful for better understanding the blood vessel anatomy and the anastomotic angle, direction, position and effect, and the model is used for assisting a trainer to improve the accuracy of blood vessel anatomy separation and suturing. Moreover, after the model is displayed to the patient, the patient has an intuitive and in-depth understanding of neurosurgical physiology, anatomy, features, surgical protocols, and the like. It is of great interest to apply the model to diagnosis, surgical planning, simulation, surgical novice training and patient notification.
Claims (10)
1. A training model for microscopic anastomosis surgery, characterized in that: comprises a blood vessel model (1), a pipeline connecting system (2), a blood circulating pump (3), a base (5) and a supporting platform (4); the supporting platform (4) is horizontally arranged at the upper end of the base (5); a sealed cavity is formed between the supporting platform (4) and the lower wall of the base (5); the blood circulating pump (3) is arranged in the sealed cavity; a plurality of holes (6) are formed in the supporting platform (4); the pipeline connecting system (2) and the blood vessel model (1) are arranged on the supporting platform (4); the pipeline connecting system (2) is fixed through a plurality of buckles arranged on the supporting platform (4); the blood vessel model (1) is communicated with the pipeline connecting system (2) by a connector; the pipeline connecting system (2) is communicated with the blood circulating pump (3).
2. The microanastomotic training model of claim 1, wherein: the vascular wall of the vascular model (1) is provided with two layers, namely an outer layer vascular wall and an inner layer vascular wall from outside to inside in sequence; the blood vessel model (1) is characterized in that the inner diameter of a blood vessel is 0.8-3 mm, and the total wall thickness is 0.5-2 mm.
3. The microanastomotic training model of claim 2, wherein: the blood vessel model (1) comprises normal small blood vessel typing, intimal roughness small blood vessel typing, intimal separation small blood vessel typing and soft inelastic small blood vessel typing;
the normal small blood vessel parting inner layer and the outer layer blood vessel wall are smooth, complete and tightly bonded;
the wall of the outer layer blood vessel of the intima-rough small blood vessel typing is smooth and complete, and a plurality of plaques (9) distributed randomly are arranged on the inner tube wall of the inner layer blood vessel;
the inner layer and the outer layer of the inner membrane separation small blood vessel parting are smooth and complete in vessel wall, and a separation section (10) in which the inner layer of the vessel wall is separated from the outer layer of the vessel wall is arranged between the inner layer and the outer layer of the inner membrane separation small blood vessel parting along the axial direction of the vessel; the separation section (10) is characterized in that a sacrificial material is arranged in the middle of the inner layer blood vessel and the outer layer blood vessel, and the inner layer blood vessel and the outer layer blood vessel are separated after the sacrificial material is removed;
the inner layer and the outer layer of the soft inelastic small blood vessel parting are smooth, complete and tightly bonded.
4. The microanastomotic training model of claim 1 or 3, wherein: the diameter of the pipeline connecting system (2) is 1-4 mm; the flow rate of the blood circulating pump (3) is 5-40 ml/min; the aperture of the opening (6) is 2-5 mm.
5. A preparation process of a blood vessel model for a micro anastomosis surgery training model is characterized by comprising the following steps: the blood vessel model (1) is manufactured by adopting a hydrogel 3D printing process; selecting a stainless steel pipe with the diameter same as the inner diameter of a blood vessel of the blood vessel model (1) as a printing inner core (16), fixedly connecting the stainless steel pipe with an electric rotating shaft (15), controlling the electric rotating shaft (15) to rotate through a control system, and enabling a printing nozzle (14) to axially move along the printing inner core (16); the method is characterized in that: the printing spray head (14) is respectively communicated with a plurality of charging barrels (11) for placing the blood vessel materials; each charging barrel (11) is provided with a control valve (12); a mixing chamber (13) is arranged between the charging barrel (11) and the printing spray head (14); the printing step of the vessel model (1) comprises:
1) the rotation of the printing nozzle is controlled by a control system, and the printing nozzle (14) axially moves along the rotating shaft of the inner core (16);
2) the material cylinders (11) are respectively filled with materials required by printing, one or more material cylinders (11) corresponding to the required materials are controlled to be opened during printing, after the materials are mixed in the mixing chamber (13), the materials are extruded and deposited at a certain speed to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel with a certain layer thickness, the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel is solidified and formed at a low temperature, the operation is repeated, and the next layer of the blood vessel is printed until the thickness of the blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness;
3) printing the inner layer (8) of the blood vessel, curing at low temperature to enable the inner layer to be in a state of maintaining the shape but not completely crosslinking, and then printing the outer layer (7) of the blood vessel; after the outer layer (7) of the blood vessel is printed, the integral model is cured at low temperature to ensure that the hydrogel blood vessel is completely cured, and the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel are crosslinked to a certain extent, so that the printing of the blood vessel model (1) is completed.
6. The process for preparing the blood vessel model for the micro-anastomosis surgery training model according to claim 5, wherein: the charging barrels (11) are provided with five charging barrels, namely a charging barrel A, a charging barrel B, a charging barrel C, a charging barrel D and a charging barrel E; the type I composite hydrogel is placed in the charging barrel A; the material cylinder B is internally provided with II-type composite hydrogel, the material cylinder C is internally provided with single-component hydrogel, and the material cylinder D is internally provided with micron-sized calcified particles; sacrificial materials are placed in the E material barrel;
the inner layer blood vessel printing step is as follows: controlling the charging barrel A to be opened, extruding the I-type composite hydrogel from the printing nozzle (14) and depositing the I-type composite hydrogel on the surface of the inner core (16) to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel, solidifying and forming the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel at low temperature, repeating the above operations, and switching to the next layer of printing until the thickness of the hydrogel blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness;
the outer layer blood vessel printing step is as follows: the control system controls the material barrel B to be opened, the type II composite hydrogel is extruded from the printing spray head (14) and deposited on the surface of the inner core (16) to form a thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel, the thin-wall hydrogel blood vessel is solidified and formed at low temperature, the operation is repeated, and the next layer of printing is carried out until the thickness of the hydrogel blood vessel wall reaches the required thickness;
after printing is finished, curing the blood vessel model (1) again at-5 to-20 ℃, and then crosslinking the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel to tightly bond the inner layer and the outer layer of the blood vessel; finally, the inner core (16) of the stainless steel tube is removed, and the blood vessel model (1) can be obtained.
7. The process for preparing the blood vessel model for the micro anastomosis surgery training model according to claim 6, wherein: the rotating speed of the inner core (16) is 1-10 r/min, the inner diameter of the printing nozzle (14) is 0.1-0.3 mm, the printing speed of the printing nozzle (14) is 3-50 mm/s, the extrusion speed of the vascular material is 0.03-1 g/min, the thickness of the printing layer is 0.05-0.2 mm, and the curing temperature is-5 to-20 ℃.
8. The process for preparing the blood vessel model for the micro anastomosis surgery training model according to claim 7, wherein: when the rough inner membrane small blood vessel is printed for typing, the charging barrel A and the charging barrel D are controlled to be opened simultaneously, the type I composite hydrogel and the micron-sized calcified particles are mixed at a spray head and then extruded out, and the inner layer (8) of the blood vessel is printed.
9. The process for preparing the blood vessel model for the micro anastomosis surgery training model according to claim 8, wherein: when the inner membrane separation small blood vessel is printed for typing, after the printing of the inner layer blood vessel is finished, the E material cylinder is controlled to be opened, so that the sacrificial material is extruded out from the printing nozzle (14), the sacrificial material layer is printed at the position of 1-3 cm in the middle of the blood vessel, the printing thickness is 0.1-0.3 mm, and then the outer layer blood vessel is printed according to the step of printing the outer layer blood vessel; finally, the sacrificial material is removed, and the inner and outer layer blood vessels at the corresponding positions are in a separated state.
10. The process for preparing the blood vessel model for the micro anastomosis surgery training model according to claim 9, wherein: when soft and inelastic small blood vessel typing is printed, the C charging barrel is controlled to be opened, the single-component hydrogel is extruded out through the printing nozzle (14), and the inner layer blood vessel is printed; and printing the outer layer blood vessel according to the step of printing the outer layer blood vessel.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114446107A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-06 | 山东第一医科大学附属肿瘤医院(山东省肿瘤防治研究院、山东省肿瘤医院) | Microsurgery bionic blood vessel anastomosis training device |
| RU2780131C1 (en) * | 2022-04-04 | 2022-09-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Simulator for working the skills of the vascular seam |
| WO2022239490A1 (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | デンカ株式会社 | Simulated blood vessel and ulcer model using same |
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2020
- 2020-11-20 CN CN202011307977.XA patent/CN112309217A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022239490A1 (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2022-11-17 | デンカ株式会社 | Simulated blood vessel and ulcer model using same |
| CN114446107A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-06 | 山东第一医科大学附属肿瘤医院(山东省肿瘤防治研究院、山东省肿瘤医院) | Microsurgery bionic blood vessel anastomosis training device |
| RU2780131C1 (en) * | 2022-04-04 | 2022-09-19 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр сердечно-сосудистой хирургии им. А.Н. Бакулева" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации | Simulator for working the skills of the vascular seam |
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