CN112661548B - Spectinomycin fungus dreg antibiotics, drug resistance gene removal method, spectinomycin fungus dreg compost and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Spectinomycin fungus dreg antibiotics, drug resistance gene removal method, spectinomycin fungus dreg compost and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112661548B CN112661548B CN202110003645.0A CN202110003645A CN112661548B CN 112661548 B CN112661548 B CN 112661548B CN 202110003645 A CN202110003645 A CN 202110003645A CN 112661548 B CN112661548 B CN 112661548B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of antibiotic production byproduct treatment, in particular to a method for removing spectinomycin fungus dreg antibiotics and drug resistance genes, a spectinomycin fungus dreg compost and a preparation method thereof, wherein the removing method comprises the steps of mixing the spectinomycin fungus dreg, mushroom dreg and wheat straw according to the proportion of 4.5-5.5: 1:1, uniformly mixing the materials in a weight ratio to obtain a mixture, and performing anaerobic fermentation without turning the pile; performing aerobic fermentation on the compost after anaerobic fermentation by turning the compost; the spectinomycin residue composting is produced according to the preparation method of anaerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation and aging buffering. According to the invention, raw materials are selected and the proportion is adjusted for anaerobic fermentation to enrich bacteria capable of degrading antibiotics to remove the antibiotics, and the second step is to kill drug-resistant bacteria and degrade drug-resistant genes at high temperature to realize effective control of antibiotic residues and drug resistance; the invention has important significance for innocent treatment and resource utilization processes of the antibiotic residues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antibiotic production by-product treatment, in particular to a method for removing spectinomycin fungus dreg antibiotics and drug resistance genes, a spectinomycin fungus dreg compost and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Antibiotics are one of the most important medical findings in the 20 th century, and play an irreplaceable role in protecting people's health. Spectinomycin is an important aminoglycoside antibiotic, is mainly used for treating uncomplicated gonorrhea and penicillin allergy, and has wide application. In the production process of antibiotics, a large amount of by-products, namely antibiotic residues, are generated, and the annual amount of the antibiotic residues is up to millions of tons, so that the safe treatment of the residues becomes a serious problem at present. The antibiotic residues contain mycelium, residual culture medium, fermentation metabolites and residual antibiotics. At present, most enterprises treat antibiotic fungus residues in landfill and incineration, so that a large amount of resources can be wasted, and a large amount of land can be occupied in the landfill process, thereby polluting the environment. At the same time, toxic gases such as nitrogen dioxide and dioxin are generated in the incineration process, and a large amount of electric energy is required, which causes serious pressure on antibiotic production enterprises.
Aerobic composting is a reasonable way of recycling waste. However, the previous researches are focused on materials such as livestock manure, sludge and the like, and the researches on the solid state fermentation process of the antibiotic residues are less. CN108503399a discloses a method for efficiently removing antibiotics in livestock and poultry manure, which comprises the steps of mixing crop waste, fresh livestock and poultry manure and an inoculum, performing anaerobic fermentation and composting, wherein the inoculum refers to anaerobic fermentation residues at the bottom layer of an anaerobic fermentation tank or a biogas digester, the content of the antibiotics in the livestock and poultry manure is obviously lower than that in the antibiotic residues, the method does not determine the change of drug resistance caused by the antibiotic residues, and meanwhile, the specific action mechanism of the removal of the antibiotics is not described in the prior art.
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a method capable of effectively removing antibiotic residues and drug resistance of spectinomycin residues, which has profound significance for the development of antibiotic manufacturers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of resource waste, land occupation, environmental pollution and high energy cost of the existing treatment mode of antibiotic residues, the invention provides a spectinomycin residue antibiotic, drug-resistant gene removal method, a spectinomycin residue composting and preparation method thereof, wherein the two-step fermentation process of mixing the spectinomycin residue with wheat straw and mushroom residues is adopted, the antibiotic is removed by the bacteria capable of degrading the antibiotic in the fermentation enriched residue of the first step anaerobic fermentation, and the drug-resistant bacteria are killed at a high temperature and the drug-resistant genes are degraded by exogenous and endogenous DNase; meanwhile, the effective control of antibiotic residues and drug resistance is further realized by selecting spectinomycin fungus dreg composting raw materials and adjusting the proportion; the invention has important significance for innocent treatment and resource utilization processes of the antibiotic residues.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for removing antibiotic and drug-resistant genes from spectinomycin fungi residues, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the spectinomycin mushroom dregs, mushroom dregs and wheat straw are mixed according to the proportion of 4.5 to 5.5:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 55% -65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 5-7 days;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: and (3) performing aerobic fermentation on the compost turning treatment after anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 65-70 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 20-25 days.
Further, the water content of the spectinomycin fungi residues is 70% -75%, the water content of the mushroom residues is 20% -30%, and the water content of the wheat straws is 12% -18%.
Further, the weight ratio of the spectinomycin fungus residue to the mushroom residue to the wheat straw is 5:1:1.
further, the pile turning frequency in the step (2) is that pile turning is carried out once every two days.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the spectinomycin fungi residue compost, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the spectinomycin mushroom dregs, mushroom dregs and wheat straw are mixed according to the proportion of 4.5 to 5.5:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 55% -65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 5-7 days;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: carrying out aerobic fermentation on the compost turning treatment after anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 65-70 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 20-25 days;
(3) Aging and caching: and (3) aging and caching the compost subjected to the aerobic fermentation in the step (2) to reduce the temperature of the compost to room temperature, wherein the aging and caching time is 15-20 days.
Further, the water content of the spectinomycin fungi residues is 70% -75%, the water content of the mushroom residues is 20% -30%, and the water content of the wheat straws is 12% -18%.
Further, the weight ratio of the spectinomycin fungus residue to the mushroom residue to the wheat straw is 5:1:1.
further, the pile turning frequency in the step (2) is that pile turning is carried out once every two days.
Further, the preparation method further comprises the following steps:
(4) Crushing and screening: crushing and screening the compost aged and buffered in the step (3), mixing the powdery fertilizer with the particle size of more than 4mm as an auxiliary material with the mixture in the step (1), and fermenting again.
Further, the preparation method further comprises the following steps:
(5) Granulating and/or packaging: and packaging the powdery fertilizer to obtain a finished product, or granulating the powdery fertilizer and packaging to obtain the finished product.
Further, the steps (1), (2) and (3) of the preparation method also comprise collecting the gas in the fermentation and aging processes.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a spectinomycin fungi residue compost produced by the preparation method.
The invention has the advantages that,
firstly, adopting a non-turning anaerobic fermentation mode in the early stage of composting, modifying amino or hydroxyl groups of the spectinomycin by utilizing aminoglycoside antibiotics modifying enzymes such as acetyltransferase, phosphotransferase, nucleoside transferase and the like secreted by microorganisms which exist in the spectinomycin fungus residue and have the effect of degrading the spectinomycin, passivating the spectinomycin, and inactivating the spectinomycin so as to reduce the content of the antibiotics, and meanwhile, as the spectinomycin producing bacteria are mesophilic bacteria, naturally heating the temperature to 45-55 ℃ in the anaerobic fermentation process, wherein the temperature can be inactivated;
the microorganisms with antibiotic degradation effect are also antibiotic resistant bacteria, and the drug resistance genes can cause the drug resistance to spread among the same kind of microorganisms and different kinds of microorganisms by means of transfer originals, so that the control of the drug resistance genes is particularly important, and the second step of the invention increases oxygen in compost by turning piles, improves the temperature of the compost, kills the antibiotic resistant bacteria, damages the structure of the drug resistance genes, discovers that the abundance of the drug resistance genes gradually decreases along with the progress of the composting process according to the detection of the drug resistance genes and related transfer originals, and realizes the dual control of antibiotic residues and the drug resistance genes in bacterial residues;
the spectinomycin fungus residue, the mushroom residue and the wheat straw are matched for use, the ventilation and warming effects of the mixture are improved by utilizing the characteristic that the mushroom residue and the wheat straw belong to loose materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixture is adjusted by utilizing the characteristic that the wheat straw is rich in lignocellulose and can be used as a carbon source, and the moisture of the mixture is adjusted by utilizing the characteristic that the moisture content of the mushroom residue and the wheat straw is low so as to meet the moisture requirement in the initial stage of composting;
the invention uses the materials with the weight proportion of spectinomycin fungus dreg: mushroom residue: wheat straw=4.5 to 5.5:1:1, the maximum consumption of the spectinomycin fungus residues, the small consumption of auxiliary materials (mushroom residues and wheat straws) reduce the composting cost, and the mushroom residues and the wheat straws are cheap and easily available raw materials, thereby bringing great convenience to the production of fertilizers; by combining the composting characteristics in the proportion, anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation can be realized, and the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation and the aerobic fermentation can be increased to a proper temperature.
The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the spectinomycin bacterial dreg compost provided by the invention is more than 5, and antibiotics and drug resistance genes are effectively reduced.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change of antibiotic content during composting of example 3 and comparative examples 1-2;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing absolute abundance changes of drug-resistant genes and transfer elements during composting of example 3, comparative examples 1-2;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for preparing spectinomycin residue composting in example 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for removing antibiotic and drug-resistant genes from spectinomycin fungi residues comprises the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the spectinomycin mushroom residue, mushroom residue and wheat straw are mixed according to the following ratio of 4.5:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content of the spectinomycin fungus residues is 70-75%, the water content of the mushroom residues is 20-30%, the water content of the wheat straw is 12-18%, mixing the materials according to the proportion, keeping the water content of the mixture within a range of 55-65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, and naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 5 days;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: aerobic fermentation is carried out on the compost turning treatment after anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), the fermentation temperature is naturally raised to 65-70 ℃ and maintained for 20 days, and the turning frequency is once every two days.
Example 2
A method for removing antibiotic and drug-resistant genes from spectinomycin fungi residues comprises the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the spectinomycin fungus residue, mushroom residue and wheat straw are mixed according to the following ratio of 5.5:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content of the spectinomycin fungus residues is 70-75%, the water content of the mushroom residues is 20-30%, the water content of the wheat straw is 12-18%, mixing the materials according to the proportion, keeping the water content of the mixture within a range of 55-65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, and naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 7 days;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: aerobic fermentation is carried out on the compost turning treatment after anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), the fermentation temperature is naturally raised to 65-70 ℃ and maintained for 25 days, and the turning frequency is once every two days.
Example 3
A method for removing antibiotic and drug-resistant genes from spectinomycin fungi residues comprises the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the spectinomycin fungus residue, mushroom residue and wheat straw are mixed according to the following ratio of 5:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content of the spectinomycin fungus residues is 70-75%, the water content of the mushroom residues is 20-30%, the water content of the wheat straw is 12-18%, mixing the materials according to the proportion, keeping the water content of the mixture within a range of 55-65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, and naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 6 days;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: aerobic fermentation is carried out on the compost turning treatment after anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), the fermentation temperature is naturally raised to 65-70 ℃ and maintained for 22 days, and the turning frequency is once every two days.
Comparative example 1
A method for removing antibiotic and drug-resistant genes from spectinomycin fungi residues comprises the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the method comprises the steps of mixing spectinomycin mushroom residues, mushroom residues and wheat straws according to a ratio of 1:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content of the spectinomycin fungus residues is 70-75%, the water content of the mushroom residues is 20-30%, the water content of the wheat straw is 12-18%, mixing the materials according to the proportion, keeping the water content of the mixture within a range of 55-65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, and naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 6 days;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: aerobic fermentation is carried out on the compost turning treatment after anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), the fermentation temperature is naturally raised to 65-70 ℃ and maintained for 22 days, and the turning frequency is once every two days.
Comparative example 2
A method for removing antibiotic and drug-resistant genes from spectinomycin fungi residues comprises the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the spectinomycin fungus residue, mushroom residue and wheat straw are mixed according to the following ratio of 3:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content of the spectinomycin fungus residues is 70-75%, the water content of the mushroom residues is 20-30%, the water content of the wheat straw is 12-18%, mixing the materials according to the proportion, keeping the water content of the mixture within a range of 55-65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, and naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 6 days;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: aerobic fermentation is carried out on the compost turning treatment after anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), the fermentation temperature is naturally raised to 65-70 ℃ and maintained for 22 days, and the turning frequency is once every two days.
The change in antibiotic residues during composting of example 3 and comparative examples 1-2 was examined and the results are shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen that the residual amount of spectinomycin gradually decreases with composting time, wherein the degradation rate of the composting antibiotic of example 3 is faster, and the antibiotic is reduced by more than 90% at the end of composting.
The abundance of drug-resistant genes and related transfer elements during composting of example 3, comparative examples 1-2 was examined and the results are shown in FIG. 2. It can be seen that the abundance of the drug resistance genes gradually decreases along with the composting time, which indicates that the high temperature during the two-step fermentation process, especially the aerobic fermentation, effectively controls the drug resistance performance of the compost.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 3, a method for preparing the compost by using the spectinomycin fungi residues comprises the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the spectinomycin mushroom residue, mushroom residue and wheat straw are mixed according to the following ratio of 4.5:1:1, uniformly mixing the materials according to the weight ratio to obtain a mixture, wherein the water content of the spectinomycin fungi residues is 70-75%, the water content of the mushroom residues is 20-30%, the water content of the wheat straw is 12-18%, mixing the materials according to the proportion, keeping the water content of the mixture within a range of 55-65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 6 days, collecting compost release gas during the fermentation, and carrying out waste gas treatment;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: carrying out aerobic fermentation on the compost turning treatment after anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 65-70 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 22 days, wherein the turning frequency is once every two days, and collecting compost release gas during the process to carry out waste gas treatment;
(3) Aging and caching: aging and caching the compost subjected to aerobic fermentation in the step (2), so that the temperature of the compost is reduced to room temperature, the aging and caching time is 18 days, and collecting the released gas of the compost during the aging and caching time to treat waste gas;
(4) Crushing and screening: crushing and screening the compost aged and buffered in the step (3), mixing the powdery fertilizer with the particle size of more than 4mm with the mixture in the step (1) as an auxiliary material, and fermenting again;
(5) Granulating and/or packaging: packaging the powdery fertilizer to obtain a finished product of the spectinomycin fungus dreg composting, or granulating the powdery fertilizer and packaging to obtain the finished product of the spectinomycin fungus dreg composting.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by way of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications and substitutions may be made in the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and it is intended that all such modifications and substitutions be within the scope of the present invention/be within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. The method for removing the antibiotic and drug-resistant genes from the spectinomycin fungus dreg is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Anaerobic fermentation: the method comprises the steps of (1) mixing spectinomycin fungus residues, mushroom residues and wheat straws according to a ratio of 4.5-5.5: 1:1, uniformly mixing the materials in a weight ratio to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content of the mixture to be 55% -65%, carrying out anaerobic fermentation without turning piles, naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 45-55 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 5-7 days;
(2) And (3) aerobic fermentation: and (3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the compost turning treatment after the anaerobic fermentation in the step (1), naturally heating the fermentation temperature to 65-70 ℃ and maintaining the fermentation temperature for 20-25 days.
2. The removal method of claim 1, wherein the water content of the spectinomycin mushroom dregs is 70% -75%, the water content of the mushroom dregs is 20% -30%, and the water content of the wheat straw is 12% -18%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the spectinomycin mushroom residue, the mushroom residue and the wheat straw is 5:1:1.
4. the removal method of claim 1, wherein the turning frequency of step (2) is one turning every two days.
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| CN113912434A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-11 | 上海申耀环保工程有限公司 | Aerobic biological treatment and inactivation granulation cooperative system for antibiotic fungi residues |
| CN114433621A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-06 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for reducing abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in soil by using edible fungi |
| CN114455988A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-10 | 山东鲁抗中和环保科技有限公司 | Tylosin fungus dreg compost fermentation process |
| CN115650776A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-01-31 | 南昌工程学院 | Composting method for reducing antibiotic resistance genes in biogas residue organic fertilizer |
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| CN107337497A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of method that organic fertilizer is produced using aminoglycoside antibiotics bacteria residue |
| CN110423157A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-08 | 甘肃祁连山药业股份有限公司 | A kind of biological organic fertilizer processing technology |
| CN110577421A (en) * | 2019-09-07 | 2019-12-17 | 山东鲁抗中和环保科技有限公司 | Method for composting bacterial residues |
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| CN107337497A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2017-11-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of method that organic fertilizer is produced using aminoglycoside antibiotics bacteria residue |
| CN110423157A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-08 | 甘肃祁连山药业股份有限公司 | A kind of biological organic fertilizer processing technology |
| CN110577421A (en) * | 2019-09-07 | 2019-12-17 | 山东鲁抗中和环保科技有限公司 | Method for composting bacterial residues |
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