CN112647026B - Method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel - Google Patents
Method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to ferritic stainless steel, in particular to high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel, and particularly relates to a method for preparing the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel, aiming at solving the problems that the existing high-temperature heating preparation method for preparing the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel can cause coarsening of material grains and weakening of texture, and providing a novel method for preparing the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: smelting, continuous casting and coping, hot rolling, curling, annealing, acid washing, first cold rolling, pre-precipitation annealing, cooling, acid washing, second cold rolling, recrystallization annealing and cooling, wherein a nanoscale Laves phase is pre-precipitated in the pre-precipitation annealing in the preparation method, recrystallized grains are refined by utilizing the pinning effect of the Laves phase relative to a recrystallization grain boundary, and orientation nucleation of the Laves phase precipitation and recrystallization in a shear zone is utilized to form a uniform gamma-fiber texture, so that the problems of coarsening and texture weakening of high-temperature annealing grains are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to ferritic stainless steel, in particular to high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel, and particularly relates to a method for preparing the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel.
Background
Super ferritic stainless steel is a resource-saving high-performance material developed in the last 70 th century, replaces precious metal materials such as titanium materials, super austenite, copper alloys and the like, and is widely applied to marine environments. The super ferritic stainless steel is high chromium and high molybdenum ferritic stainless steel, and the super ferritic stainless steel contains enhanced ferritic stainless steelCr element with 24.5-32wt% of corrosion resistance and Mo element with 1.5-4.5 wt% of corrosion resistance, and certain amount of Ni, C, N and Nb are added, wherein the added C + N element is not more than 0.04 wt% and is used for reducing intergranular corrosion of ferritic stainless steel and increasing brittle transition temperature; the added Ni element is used for improving the welding performance and the toughness of the ferritic stainless steel, and the added Nb and Ti elements are used for further eliminating the adverse effect of C, N. Because the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel contains the component characteristics of high Cr, high Mo and Nb, sigma (Fe-Cr-Mo), chi (Fe36Cr12Mo10), Laves (Fe) are easily formed in the process of preparing the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel2Nb), and precipitation of these mesophases will seriously deteriorate the corrosion resistance of the material, so how to prepare high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance becomes a hot problem to be studied by those skilled in the art. In order to avoid worsening the corrosion resistance of the material in the preparation process, the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is prepared by adopting a method of high-temperature annealing and rapid cooling in the prior art, so that the precipitation of an intermediate phase is inhibited, and the corrosion resistance of the material is further ensured, but the high-temperature annealing is easy to cause coarsening of crystal grains and weakening of texture of the material, so that the forming performance of the material is reduced, and the application range of the material is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel, aiming at solving the problems that the existing high-temperature annealing preparation method for preparing the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel can cause coarsening of material crystal grains and weakening of texture.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: cr is more than or equal to 24.5 percent and less than or equal to 32.0 percent, Mo is more than or equal to 1.5 percent and less than or equal to 4.5 percent, Ni is more than or equal to 1.0 percent and less than or equal to 4.0 percent, C is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, N is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Nb is more than or equal to 0.65 percent and less than or equal to 0.01 percent and less than or equal to 0.02 percent, Mn is less than or equal to 0.6 percent, Si is less than or equal to 0.7 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Al is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, O is less than or equal to 0.004 percent, and the Cr +3.3 xMo is more than or equal to 35 percent and Nb is more than or equal to 8.5 xC +0.1 percent (enough Nb to ensure Laves phase precipitation), and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities, and the raw materials are prepared according to the element proportion and then smelted to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 400-600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-10 ℃/h, and then polishing;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the repaired continuous casting slab obtained in the step 2) to 1120-;
4) annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-120min, wherein the heating rate is 50-100 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) first cold rolling:
cold rolling the annealed sheet obtained in the step 5) after acid washing, wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 40-60%, so as to form a primary cold-rolled sheet;
7) pre-precipitation annealing and cooling:
annealing the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 500-750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-300min, and the cooling rate is 50-100 ℃/min;
8) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 7) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
9) and (3) second cold rolling:
cold rolling the annealed plate obtained in the step 8) after acid washing, wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 50-70%;
10) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 9), wherein the annealing temperature is 1020-1060 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-240min, and the cooling rate is 30 ℃/s-100 ℃/s.
In the preparation method of the invention, the hot rolled coil obtained in the step 3) is annealed in the step 4), the annealing in the step 4) is solid solution annealing (heating temperature is 1080-1200 ℃) or pre-precipitated Laves phase annealing (heating temperature is 1000-1080 ℃), the deformation structure is recrystallized by the solid solution annealing, the nano-scale Laves phase particles are pre-precipitated in the hot rolled annealed plate by the pre-precipitated Laves phase annealing (see figure 1), meanwhile, no sigma (Fe-Cr-Mo) phase and no chi (Fe36Cr12Mo10) phase are precipitated in the structure, then the pickled steel is subjected to the first cold rolling in the step 6), the cold rolling reduction rate is 40-60% (at the moment, the large reduction easily causes sigma-phase precipitation, and the low Laves phase precipitation rate is low), a deformed structure is formed after the cold rolling, a large amount of microstructure defects such as shear bands, sub-grain boundaries and the like are formed in the structure, providing precipitated particles for precipitating the Laves phase in the subsequent annealing process of the step 7); annealing the cold-rolled sheet in the step 7), wherein in the annealing process, the sigma-phase precipitation is caused by overhigh annealing temperature, and the low Laves phase is not precipitated, so the annealing temperature is 500-750 ℃, and in the recovery process of the deformed structure after annealing, a shear zone and a subgrain boundary are reserved, wherein a large amount of nanoscale Laves phases nucleate at the positions of the shear zone and the subgrain boundary in the annealing process, and a large amount of nanoscale Laves phase particles are precipitated; pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 7), then carrying out cold rolling in the step 9), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 50-70%, the deformation energy storage is improved, the micro defects such as a shear band and a subgrain boundary are increased, then carrying out annealing in the step 10), the annealing temperature is too high, the Laves phase is dissolved, and the recrystallization cannot be completed if the annealing temperature is too low, so the annealing temperature of recrystallization annealing is 1020-1060 ℃, the recrystallization of a cold rolling structure is completed, the nano-sized Laves phase particles formed at the position of a substructure are utilized to pin grain boundary migration and refine recrystallized grains (see figure 2), the toughness is improved, meanwhile, the Laves phase is mainly separated out at the position of the shear band and the like, the energy storage position of the shear band is high as a recrystallization nucleation priority position, the shear band is mainly in gamma-oriented grains, the recrystallization of the gamma-oriented grains is promoted, and a gamma-fiber texture (see figure 3) is formed, and the forming performance of the gamma-fiber texture is improved.
A method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: cr is more than or equal to 24.5 and less than or equal to 32.0, Mo is more than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 4.5, Ni is more than or equal to 1.0 and less than or equal to 4.0, C is less than or equal to 0.030, N is less than or equal to 0.015, Nb is more than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.65, Ti is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.02, Mn is less than or equal to 0.6, Si is less than or equal to 0.7, S is less than or equal to 0.015, P is less than or equal to 0.015, Al is less than or equal to 0.1, and the requirements of Cr +3.3 xMo being more than or equal to 35, Nb is more than or equal to 8.5 xC +0.1, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities are met, and the raw materials are prepared according to the element proportion and then smelted to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 400-600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-10 ℃/h, and then polishing;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting slab obtained in the step 2) to 1120-;
4) pre-precipitation annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1000-1080 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-120min, and the heating rate is 50-100 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) cold rolling:
cold rolling the annealed plate obtained in the step 5) after acid washing, wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 70-90%;
7) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-240min, and the cooling rate is 30-100 ℃/s.
According to the invention, after the hot-rolled curled plate obtained in the step 3) is annealed in the step 4), nanoscale Laves phase particles are pre-precipitated in the hot-rolled annealed plate obtained in the step 4), the nanoscale Laves phase particles are mainly precipitated at the position of a shear band of the hot-rolled plate (see figure 4), the cold rolling at the high reduction rate of the step 6) is carried out, the cold rolling reduction rate is 70-90%, the deformation energy storage is remarkably improved by the cold rolling at the high reduction rate, and a large number of microstructure defects such as the shear band provide nucleation particles for recrystallization in the subsequent annealing process. In addition, the nanometer Laves phase formed in the hot-rolled annealed plate can increase the cold rolling deformation resistance, improve the deformation energy storage, increase the recrystallization driving force, further improve the recrystallization nucleation rate, promote the formation of fine recrystallization grains (see figure 5) and improve the toughness of the plate. In the step 7), in the annealing and recrystallization process of the cold-rolled sheet, the Laves phase formed at the position of the shear band inhibits the recrystallization of other oriented crystal grains such as alpha-fiber and the like through the selective pinning effect and promotes the recrystallization of the gamma-fiber texture, and finally the cold-rolled and annealed sheet (shown in figure 6) with fine tissue and single gamma-fiber texture is formed, so that the forming performance of the cold-rolled and annealed sheet is improved.
The beneficial effects produced by the invention are as follows: according to the invention, a nano-scale Laves phase is pre-precipitated in a hot-rolling annealing or cold-rolling annealing structure while the precipitation of sigma (Fe-Cr-Mo) and chi (Fe36Cr12Mo10) intermediate phases is inhibited, the recrystallized grains are refined by utilizing the pinning effect of the Laves phase relative to the recrystallization grain boundary, the toughness of the recrystallized grains is improved, and the uniform gamma-fiber texture is formed by utilizing the orientation nucleation of the Laves phase precipitation and recrystallization in a shear zone, so that the problems of coarsening and texture weakening of high-temperature annealing grains are solved, and the high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferrite stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance and good toughness is manufactured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view (two cold-rolling) of the Laves phase (white dots are the Laves phase) formed in the microstructure after the pre-precipitation annealing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a recrystallized structure after recrystallization annealing (double cold rolling);
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the recrystallized texture after recrystallization annealing (two cold rollings);
FIG. 4 is a schematic view (primary cold rolling) of the Laves phase (white dots are the Laves phase) formed in the microstructure after the pre-precipitation annealing;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a recrystallized structure after recrystallization annealing (primary cold rolling);
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a recrystallized texture after recrystallization annealing (primary cold rolling).
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 32.0% of Cr, 1.5% of Mo, 1.0% of Ni, 0.01% of C, 0.015% of N, 0.25% of Nb, 0.01% of Ti, 0.6% of Mn, 0.7% of Si, 0.015% of S, 0.015% of P, 0.1% of Al, 0.004% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and preparing raw materials according to the element proportion, and then smelting to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, and slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5 ℃/h for coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting billet obtained in the step 2) to 1120 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the final hot rolling temperature is 1020 ℃, cooling the hot rolled plate to 600 ℃ for curling to form a hot rolled coil, and the cooling time is not more than 500 s;
4) annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10min, wherein the heating rate is 50 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) first cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 40%;
7) pre-precipitation annealing and cooling:
annealing the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 500 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, and the cooling rate is 50 ℃/min;
8) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 7) by adopting a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
9) and (3) second cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 8), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 50%;
10) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 9), wherein the annealing temperature is 1020 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1min, and the cooling rate is 30 ℃/s.
The steel sheets prepared by the above process were sampled and subjected to structure observation and tensile property test, and the results are shown in table 1.
Example 2:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 24.5% of Cr, 4.5% of Mo, 4.0% of Ni, 0.03% of C, 0.010% of N, 0.65% of Nb, 0.02% of Ti, 0.1% of Mn, 0.1% of Si, 0.010% of S, 0.010% of P, 0.05% of Al, 0.002% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and preparing raw materials according to the element proportion, and then smelting to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, and slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 6 ℃/h for coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting billet obtained in the step 2) to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling finishing temperature is 960 ℃, cooling the hot rolled plate to 700 ℃, curling the hot rolled plate to form a hot rolled coil, and the cooling time is not more than 400 s;
4) annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 120min, wherein the heating rate is 60 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) first cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 60%;
7) pre-precipitation annealing and cooling:
annealing the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 600 ℃, the heat preservation time is 150min, and the cooling rate is 100 ℃/min;
8) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 7) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
9) and (3) second cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 8), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 60%;
10) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 9), wherein the annealing temperature is 1060 ℃, the heat preservation time is 240min, and the cooling rate is 100 ℃/s.
The steel sheets prepared by the above process were sampled and subjected to structure observation and tensile property test, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 3:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 30% of Cr, 2.0% of Mo, 2.0% of Ni, 0.02% of C, 0.012% of N, 0.3% of Nb, 0.015% of Ti, 0.2% of Mn, 0.5% of Si, 0.013% of S, 0.014% of P, 0.01% of Al, 0.001% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, preparing raw materials according to the element proportion, and then smelting to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, and slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 500 ℃ at a cooling speed of 8 ℃/h for coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting blank obtained in the step 2) to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 1.2h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling finishing temperature is 1000 ℃, cooling the hot rolled plate to 650 ℃, curling the hot rolled plate to form a hot rolled coil, and the cooling time is not more than 200 s;
4) annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1060 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20min, and the heating rate is 100 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) first cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 50%;
7) pre-precipitation annealing and cooling:
annealing the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 700 ℃, the heat preservation time is 200min, and the cooling rate is 60 ℃/min;
8) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 7) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
9) and (3) second cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 8), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 65%;
10) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 9), wherein the annealing temperature is 1030 ℃, the heat preservation time is 100min, and the cooling rate is 50 ℃/s.
The steel sheets prepared by the above process were sampled and subjected to structure observation and tensile property test, and the results are shown in table 3.
Example 4:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 26% of Cr, 3.5% of Mo, 3.0% of Ni, 0.005% of C, 0.005% of N, 0.46% of Nb, 0.018% of Ti, 0.4% of Mn, 0.4% of Si, 0.005% of S, 0.003% of P, 0.07% of Al, 0.003% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and preparing raw materials according to the element proportion and then smelting to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, and slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 560 ℃ at a cooling speed of 9 ℃/h for coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting blank obtained in the step 2) to 1180 ℃, preserving heat for 1.3h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the final hot rolling temperature is 1010 ℃, cooling the hot rolled plate to 680 ℃, curling to form a hot rolled coil, and the cooling time is not more than 100 s;
4) annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1080 ℃, the heat preservation time is 70min, and the heating rate is 80 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) first cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 45%;
7) pre-precipitation annealing and cooling:
annealing the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 660 ℃, the heat preservation time is 300min, and the cooling rate is 90 ℃/min;
8) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 7) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
9) and (3) second cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 8), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 56%;
10) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 9), wherein the annealing temperature is 1045 ℃, the heat preservation time is 50min, and the cooling rate is 70 ℃/s.
The steel sheets prepared by the above process were sampled and subjected to structure observation and tensile property test, and the results are shown in table 4.
Example 5:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 28% of Cr, 4.0% of Mo, 2.5% of Ni, 0.025% of C, 0.014% of N, 0.60% of Nb, 0.014% of Ti, 0.5% of Mn, 0.6% of Si, 0.001% of S, 0.010% of P, 0.02% of Al, 0.004% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and preparing raw materials according to the element proportion and then smelting to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting blank, and slowly cooling the continuous casting blank to 450 ℃ at a cooling speed of 10 ℃/h for coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting blank obtained in the step 2) to 1210 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the final hot rolling temperature is 980 ℃, cooling the hot rolled plate to 620 ℃, curling the hot rolled plate to form a hot rolled coil, and the cooling time is not more than 50 s;
4) annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1100 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 100min, wherein the heating rate is 75 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) first cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 58%;
7) pre-precipitation annealing and cooling:
annealing the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 100min, and the cooling rate is 78 ℃/min;
8) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 7) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
9) and (3) second cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 8), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 70%;
10) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 9), wherein the annealing temperature is 1050 ℃, the heat preservation time is 200min, and the cooling rate is 40 ℃/s.
The steel sheets prepared by the above process were sampled and subjected to structure observation and tensile property test, and the results are shown in table 5.
Example 6:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 32.0% of Cr, 1.5% of Mo, 1.0% of Ni, 0.01% of C, 0.015% of N, 0.25% of Nb, 0.01% of Ti, 0.6% of Mn, 0.7% of Si, 0.015% of S, 0.015% of P, 0.1% of Al, 0.004% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and preparing raw materials according to the element proportion, and then smelting to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, and slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 400 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5 ℃/h for coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting billet obtained in the step 2) to 1120 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling finishing temperature is 1020 ℃, cooling the hot rolled plate to 600 ℃, curling the hot rolled plate to form a hot rolled coil, and the cooling time is not more than 500 s;
4) pre-precipitation annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1000 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10min, and the heating rate is 50 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 70%;
7) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 1020 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1min, and the cooling rate is 30 ℃/s.
The steel sheets prepared by the above process were sampled and subjected to structure observation and tensile property test, and the results are shown in table 6.
Example 7:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 24.5% of Cr, 4.5% of Mo, 4.0% of Ni, 0.03% of C, 0.010% of N, 0.65% of Nb, 0.02% of Ti, 0.1% of Mn, 0.1% of Si, 0.010% of S, 0.010% of P, 0.05% of Al, 0.002% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and preparing raw materials according to the element proportion, and then smelting to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, and slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 6 ℃/h for coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting billet obtained in the step 2) to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling finishing temperature is 960 ℃, cooling the hot rolled plate to 700 ℃, curling the hot rolled plate to form a hot rolled coil, and the cooling time is not more than 400 s;
4) pre-precipitation annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1060 ℃, the heat preservation time is 120min, and the heating rate is 85 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by adopting a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 80%;
7) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 1080 ℃, the heat preservation time is 240min, and the cooling rate is 100 ℃/s.
After the steel plate prepared by the above process was sampled, the structure observation and tensile property test were performed, and the results are shown in table 7.
Example 8:
a method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is realized by the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: 30% of Cr, 2.0% of Mo, 2.0% of Ni, 0.02% of C, 0.012% of N, 0.3% of Nb, 0.015% of Ti, 0.2% of Mn, 0.5% of Si, 0.013% of S, 0.014% of P, 0.01% of Al, 0.001% of O and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, preparing raw materials according to the element proportion, and then smelting to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, and slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 500 ℃ at a cooling speed of 8 ℃/h for coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the continuous casting blank obtained in the step 2) to 1250 ℃, preserving heat for 1.2h, and then carrying out hot rolling, wherein the hot rolling finishing temperature is 1000 ℃, cooling the hot rolled plate to 650 ℃, curling the hot rolled plate to form a hot rolled coil, and the cooling time is not more than 200 s;
4) pre-precipitation annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1080 ℃, the heat preservation time is 50min, and the heating rate is 100 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5) with a cold rolling reduction rate of 90%;
7) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 1050 ℃, the heat preservation time is 100min, and the cooling rate is 80 ℃/s.
The steel sheets prepared by the above processes were sampled and subjected to structure observation and tensile property test, and the results are shown in table 8.
From the results, the steel plate obtained by the method has good mechanical property and small grain size, and the gamma-fiber texture is obtained, so that the problems of grain coarsening and texture weakening are effectively solved.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: cr is more than or equal to 24.5 percent and less than or equal to 32.0 percent, Mo is more than or equal to 1.5 percent and less than or equal to 4.5 percent, Ni is more than or equal to 1.0 percent and less than or equal to 4.0 percent, C is less than or equal to 0.030 percent, N is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Nb is more than or equal to 0.65 percent and less than or equal to 0.25 percent, Ti is more than or equal to 0.02 percent and less than or equal to 0.6 percent, Si is less than or equal to 0.7 percent, S is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Al is less than or equal to 0.1 percent, O is less than or equal to 0.004 percent, and the Cr +3.3 xMo is more than or equal to 35 percent, Nb is more than or equal to 8.5 xC +0.1 percent, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 400-600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-10 ℃/h, and then polishing;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the polished continuous casting slab obtained in the step 2) to 1120-;
4) annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1000-1200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-120min, wherein the heating rate is 50-100 ℃/min;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) first cold rolling:
cold rolling the annealed plate obtained in the step 5) after acid washing, wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 40-60%;
7) pre-precipitation annealing and cooling:
annealing the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 500-750 ℃, the heat preservation time is 20-300min, and the cooling rate is 50-100 ℃/min;
8) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 7) by using a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
9) and (3) second cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 8), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 50-70%;
10) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 9), wherein the annealing temperature is 1020-1060 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-240min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/s-100 ℃/s.
2. A method for preparing high-chromium and high-molybdenum ferritic stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
1) smelting:
the smelting raw materials comprise the following elements in percentage by weight: cr is more than or equal to 24.5 and less than or equal to 32.0, Mo is more than or equal to 1.5 and less than or equal to 4.5, Ni is more than or equal to 1.0 and less than or equal to 4.0, C is less than or equal to 0.030, N is less than or equal to 0.015, Nb is more than or equal to 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.65, Ti is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.02, Mn is less than or equal to 0.6, Si is less than or equal to 0.7, S is less than or equal to 0.015, P is less than or equal to 0.015, Al is less than or equal to 0.1, and the requirements of Cr +3.3 xMo being more than or equal to 35%, Nb is more than or equal to 8.5 xC +0.1%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities are met, and the raw materials are prepared according to the element proportion, and then smelted to obtain molten steel;
2) continuous casting and grinding:
continuously casting the molten steel obtained in the step 1) into a continuous casting billet, slowly cooling the continuous casting billet to 400-600 ℃ at a cooling speed of 5-10 ℃/h, and then carrying out coping;
3) hot rolling and curling:
heating the polished continuous casting slab obtained in the step 2) to 1120-;
4) pre-precipitation annealing:
annealing the hot-rolled coil obtained in the step 3), wherein the heating temperature is 1000-;
5) acid washing:
pickling the annealed plate obtained in the step 4) by adopting a sulfuric acid mixed solution;
6) cold rolling:
cold rolling the steel plate obtained in the step 5), wherein the cold rolling reduction rate is 70-90%;
7) recrystallization annealing and cooling:
and (3) carrying out recrystallization annealing on the cold-rolled sheet obtained in the step 6), wherein the annealing temperature is 1020-1080 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-240min, and the cooling rate is 30-100 ℃/s.
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