CN112640848A - 一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112640848A CN112640848A CN202110039911.5A CN202110039911A CN112640848A CN 112640848 A CN112640848 A CN 112640848A CN 202110039911 A CN202110039911 A CN 202110039911A CN 112640848 A CN112640848 A CN 112640848A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，属于牦牛养殖技术领域。该方法是将待育肥牦牛驱虫后健胃，随饮水给牦牛喂饮健胃药，连服3~5天；白天自然放牧；每日牧归2h后给牦牛补饲；补饲饲料包括草料、精料和舔砖；先补饲精料，间隔1h后补饲草料；草料自由采食，精料1~2kg/头；舔砖自由舔食；草料为洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草。本发明在不改变牦牛正常放牧的情况下，通过放牧自由采食，然后待牧归后，先补饲精料，后补饲草料和舔砖，草料和舔砖均为自由采食，相比现有的牦牛养殖方法，产肉性提高20％以上，可以显著提高牛肉肌内脂肪含量，提高了10.2%，并将大理石花纹评分数从2.15提高到4.73，易于推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于牦牛养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法。
背景技术
牦牛（学名：Bos mutus或Bos grunniens，英文名称：wild yak），属于哺乳纲、真兽亚纲、偶蹄目、反刍亚目、牛科、牛亚科动物，是以中国青藏高原为中心，及其毗邻高山、亚高山高寒地区的特有珍稀牛种之一，草食性反刍家畜。牦牛能适应高寒气候，是世界上生活在海拔最高处的（除人类外）哺乳动物，分布于中国青藏高原海拔3000米以上地区。牦牛的藏语叫雅客，世界通称为“yak”，即藏语译音。牦牛叫声像猪鸣，所以又称猪声牛。西方国家因其主产于中国青藏高原藏族地区，也称西藏牛。牦牛尾如马尾，所以又名马尾牛。
牦牛肉由于富含蛋白质和氨基酸，以及胡萝卜素、钙、磷等微量元素，热量特别高，对增强人体抗病力、细胞活力和器官功能均有显著作用，而被消费者追捧。雪花牛肉即指脂肪沉积到肌肉纤维之间，形成明显的红、白相间，状似大理石花纹的牛肉，含有大量人体所需的脂肪酸，营养价值比起普通牛肉来说要高不少。目前对于提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法报道较为少见。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足，提供一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，包括如下步骤：
将待育肥牦牛驱虫后健胃，随饮水给牦牛喂饮健胃药，连服3~5天；
白天自然放牧；每日牧归2h后给牦牛补饲；补饲饲料包括草料、精料和舔砖；先补饲精料，间隔1h后补饲草料；草料自由采食，精料1~2kg/头；舔砖自由舔食；
所述的草料为洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草，洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草的质量比为1：4~5；
所述的精料包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：玉米35~38份、麦麸7~10份、花生藤2~3份、鱼粉1~2份、油橄榄果渣1~2份、次粉5.5~6.5份、DDGS 1~2份、预混料3~5份、红糖0.2~0.5份、麦芽0.1~0.2份、谷芽0.1~0.2份、双歧杆菌0.02~0.05份；
所述的舔砖包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：食盐13~18份、大豆素1~2份、糖蜜8~10份、麦饭石粉8~10份、海带泥12~15份、白藜芦醇0.1~0.2份、山楂1~2份、金银花0.5~1份、党参0.2~0.5份、育肥牛多维1~1.5份。
进一步，优选的是，自然放牧时间为9点30分至晚6点。
进一步，优选的是，所述的洋蓟叶干品的制备方法为：将新鲜洋蓟叶于室温下，静置萎凋8~10h，然后真空干燥即得。
进一步，优选的是，预混料包括：发酵豆粕8~10份、沸石粉2~5份、小麦低聚肽1~2份、赖氨酸1~2份、色氨酸0.5~1份、甘露寡糖1~2份、硫酸铜1~2份、硫酸锰1~2份、硫酸钠3~5份、钼酸铵0.1~0.2份、碘酸钙0.05~0.1份、亚硒酸钠0.05~0.1份、氯化钴0.03~0.05份。
进一步，优选的是，舔砖的制备方法为：将山楂干制品、党参干制品粉碎至粒径不超过2mm；然后将食盐、大豆素、糖蜜、麦饭石粉、海带泥、白藜芦醇、粉碎后的山楂、金银花、粉碎后的党参、育肥牛多维一起混匀，然后倒入模具中液压成型，静置过夜，即得。
本发明养殖过程中，牦牛均为自由饮水。
本发明待育肥牦牛按照常规方法选取即可，本发明对此不做限制。例如选择健康、体重匀称、2岁左右牛，并进行阉割去势。
本发明对于健胃药不做具体限制，按照牦牛常规用药饲喂即可。
本发明中采用的花生藤为市售干制品，含丰富的可消化蛋白、钙及磷，可以预防中毒，并且能清热去火。
采用的油橄榄果渣为油橄榄压榨制橄榄油后的残渣，含有丰富的氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、多酚及黄酮类物质，可提高牦牛的免疫力；且对油橄榄果渣的利用属于废弃物再利用，避免了对环境的负担。
采用大豆素进行辅助调脂，以提高雪花牦牛肉的含量。
采用海带泥作为舔砖的粘结剂，海带泥中含有多种多糖与微量元素，可以辅助牦牛对这些营养元素的补充，为植物，对动物无任何毒害作用，过量使用也不会在动物体内残留。
白藜芦醇用于抗炎和抗毒，并以防牦牛血管中的胆固醇过高而带来的风险。
山楂、金银花和党参复配，用于牦牛的健胃消食，并调节牦牛机体功能，以防酸中毒。
采用小麦低聚胎对牦牛肠道功能进行调节，提高机体抵御外界病原体感染的能力，降低机体发病率。
采用洋蓟叶含有绿原酸、菜蓟素及多种黄酮类化合物，能促进牦牛对食物的吸收利用。且对洋蓟叶的利用属于废弃物再利用，避免了对环境的负担。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果为：
本发明提供了一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，在不改变牦牛正常放牧的情况下，通过放牧自由采食，然后待牧归后，先补饲精料，后补饲草料和舔砖，草料和舔砖均为自由采食，相比现有的牦牛养殖方法，产肉性提高20％以上，可以显著提高牛肉肌内脂肪含量，提高了10.2%，并将大理石花纹评分数从2.15提高到4.73，经济效益显著，易于推广应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用材料或设备未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过购买获得的常规产品。
本发明实施例中育肥牛多维优选购自珠海市维诺种养有限公司。
本发明中山楂、金银花、党参均为市售普通干制品。
实施例1
一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，包括如下步骤：
将待育肥牦牛驱虫后健胃，随饮水给牦牛喂饮健胃药，连服4天；
白天自然放牧；每日牧归2h后给牦牛补饲；补饲饲料包括草料、精料和舔砖；先补饲精料，间隔1h后补饲草料；草料自由采食，精料1.5kg/头；舔砖自由舔食；
所述的草料为洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草，洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草的质量比为1：4.5；
所述的精料包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：玉米36份、麦麸8份、花生藤2.5份、鱼粉1.3份、油橄榄果渣1.5份、次粉5份、DDGS 1.5份、预混料4份、红糖0.25份、麦芽0.15份、谷芽0.15份、双歧杆菌0.04份；
所述的舔砖包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：食盐16份、大豆素1.5份、糖蜜9份、麦饭石粉9份、海带泥14份、白藜芦醇0.15份、山楂1.3份、金银花0.5份、党参0.1份、育肥牛多维1.2份。
实施例2
一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，包括如下步骤：
将待育肥牦牛驱虫后健胃，随饮水给牦牛喂饮健胃药，连服3天；
白天自然放牧；每日牧归2h后给牦牛补饲；补饲饲料包括草料、精料和舔砖；先补饲精料，间隔1h后补饲草料；草料自由采食，精料1kg/头；舔砖自由舔食；
所述的草料为洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草，洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草的质量比为1：4；
所述的精料包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：玉米35份、麦麸7份、花生藤2份、鱼粉1份、油橄榄果渣1份、次粉5.5份、DDGS 1份、预混料3份、红糖0.2份、麦芽0.1份、谷芽0.1份、双歧杆菌0.02份；
所述的舔砖包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：食盐13份、大豆素1份、糖蜜8份、麦饭石粉8份、海带泥12份、白藜芦醇0.1份、山楂1份、金银花0.5份、党参0.2份、育肥牛多维1份。
自然放牧时间为9点30分至晚6点。
所述的洋蓟叶干品的制备方法为：将新鲜洋蓟叶于室温下，静置萎凋8h，然后真空干燥即得。
预混料包括：发酵豆粕8份、沸石粉2份、小麦低聚肽1份、赖氨酸1份、色氨酸0.5份、甘露寡糖1份、硫酸铜1份、硫酸锰1份、硫酸钠3份、钼酸铵0.1份、碘酸钙0.05份、亚硒酸钠0.05份、氯化钴0.03份。
舔砖的制备方法为：将山楂干制品、党参干制品粉碎至粒径不超过2mm；然后将食盐、大豆素、糖蜜、麦饭石粉、海带泥、白藜芦醇、粉碎后的山楂、金银花、粉碎后的党参、育肥牛多维一起混匀，然后倒入模具中液压成型，静置过夜，即得。
实施例3
一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，包括如下步骤：
将待育肥牦牛驱虫后健胃，随饮水给牦牛喂饮健胃药，连服5天；
白天自然放牧；每日牧归2h后给牦牛补饲；补饲饲料包括草料、精料和舔砖；先补饲精料，间隔1h后补饲草料；草料自由采食，精料2kg/头；舔砖自由舔食；
所述的草料为洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草，洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草的质量比为1：5；
所述的精料包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：玉米38份、麦麸10份、花生藤3份、鱼粉2份、油橄榄果渣2份、次粉6.5份、DDGS 2份、预混料5份、红糖0.5份、麦芽0.2份、谷芽0.2份、双歧杆菌0.05份；
所述的舔砖包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：食盐18份、大豆素2份、糖蜜10份、麦饭石粉10份、海带泥15份、白藜芦醇0.2份、山楂2份、金银花1份、党参0.5份、育肥牛多维1.5份。
自然放牧时间为9点30分至晚6点。
所述的洋蓟叶干品的制备方法为：将新鲜洋蓟叶于室温下，静置萎凋10h，然后真空干燥即得。
预混料包括：发酵豆粕10份、沸石粉5份、小麦低聚肽2份、赖氨酸2份、色氨酸1份、甘露寡糖2份、硫酸铜2份、硫酸锰2份、硫酸钠5份、钼酸铵0.2份、碘酸钙0.1份、亚硒酸钠0.1份、氯化钴0.05份。
舔砖的制备方法为：将山楂干制品、党参干制品粉碎至粒径不超过2mm；然后将食盐、大豆素、糖蜜、麦饭石粉、海带泥、白藜芦醇、粉碎后的山楂、金银花、粉碎后的党参、育肥牛多维一起混匀，然后倒入模具中液压成型，静置过夜，即得。
实施例4
一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，包括如下步骤：
将待育肥牦牛驱虫后健胃，随饮水给牦牛喂饮健胃药，连服4天；
白天自然放牧；每日牧归2h后给牦牛补饲；补饲饲料包括草料、精料和舔砖；先补饲精料，间隔1h后补饲草料；草料自由采食，精料1.8kg/头；舔砖自由舔食；
所述的草料为洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草，洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草的质量比为1：4.5；
所述的精料包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：玉米36份、麦麸8份、花生藤2.5份、鱼粉1.5份、油橄榄果渣1.5份、次粉6份、DDGS 1.5份、预混料4份、红糖0.3份、麦芽0.15份、谷芽0.15份、双歧杆菌0.04份；
所述的舔砖包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：食盐15份、大豆素1.5份、糖蜜9份、麦饭石粉9份、海带泥13份、白藜芦醇0.15份、山楂1.5份、金银花0.8份、党参0.3份、育肥牛多维1.3份。
自然放牧时间为9点30分至晚6点。
所述的洋蓟叶干品的制备方法为：将新鲜洋蓟叶于室温下，静置萎凋9h，然后真空干燥即得。
预混料包括：发酵豆粕9份、沸石粉4份、小麦低聚肽1.5份、赖氨酸1.5份、色氨酸0.7份、甘露寡糖1.5份、硫酸铜1.5份、硫酸锰1.5份、硫酸钠4份、钼酸铵0.15份、碘酸钙0.08份、亚硒酸钠0.08份、氯化钴0.04份。
舔砖的制备方法为：将山楂干制品、党参干制品粉碎至粒径不超过2mm；然后将食盐、大豆素、糖蜜、麦饭石粉、海带泥、白藜芦醇、粉碎后的山楂、金银花、粉碎后的党参、育肥牛多维一起混匀，然后倒入模具中液压成型，静置过夜，即得。
本发明同时采用实施例4方法与现有方法进行对照，结果如表1。注：表1中结果为均值。其中，现有方法为将待育肥牦牛驱虫后健胃，白天自然放牧，牧归后4h后给牦牛补饲草料，草料为青稞青干草，自由舔砖，舔砖以水泥为粘结剂，添加了牛所需要的必需的微量元素。
表1
| 实施例 | 现有方法 | |
| 胴体重，kg | 388 | 319 |
| 屠宰率，% | 61.7 | 59.8 |
| 肉pH值（屠宰后45min） | 6.68 | 6.52 |
| 大理石花纹评分 | 4.73 | 2.15 |
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.一种提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
将待育肥牦牛驱虫后健胃，随饮水给牦牛喂饮健胃药，连服3~5天；
白天自然放牧；每日牧归2h后给牦牛补饲；补饲饲料包括草料、精料和舔砖；先补饲精料，间隔1h后补饲草料；草料自由采食，精料1~2kg/头；舔砖自由舔食；
所述的草料为洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草，洋蓟叶干品和燕麦青干草的质量比为1：4~5；
所述的精料包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：玉米35~38份、麦麸7~10份、花生藤2~3份、鱼粉1~2份、油橄榄果渣1~2份、次粉5.5~6.5份、DDGS 1~2份、预混料3~5份、红糖0.2~0.5份、麦芽0.1~0.2份、谷芽0.1~0.2份、双歧杆菌0.02~0.05份；
所述的舔砖包括按照重量份数计的如下组分：食盐13~18份、大豆素1~2份、糖蜜8~10份、麦饭石粉8~10份、海带泥12~15份、白藜芦醇0.1~0.2份、山楂1~2份、金银花0.5~1份、党参0.2~0.5份、育肥牛多维1~1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，其特征在于，自然放牧时间为9点30分至晚6点。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，其特征在于，所述的洋蓟叶干品的制备方法为：将新鲜洋蓟叶于室温下，静置萎凋8~10h，然后真空干燥即得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，其特征在于，预混料包括：发酵豆粕8~10份、沸石粉2~5份、小麦低聚肽1~2份、赖氨酸1~2份、色氨酸0.5~1份、甘露寡糖1~2份、硫酸铜1~2份、硫酸锰1~2份、硫酸钠3~5份、钼酸铵0.1~0.2份、碘酸钙0.05~0.1份、亚硒酸钠0.05~0.1份、氯化钴0.03~0.05份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高雪花牦牛肉含量的牦牛养殖方法，其特征在于，舔砖的制备方法为：将山楂干制品、党参干制品粉碎至粒径不超过2mm；然后将食盐、大豆素、糖蜜、麦饭石粉、海带泥、白藜芦醇、粉碎后的山楂、金银花、粉碎后的党参、育肥牛多维一起混匀，然后倒入模具中液压成型，静置过夜，即得。
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