CN112624807A - Cadmium-reducing agent for rice, seed soaking liquid, preparation method and seed soaking method - Google Patents
Cadmium-reducing agent for rice, seed soaking liquid, preparation method and seed soaking method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112624807A CN112624807A CN202110050320.8A CN202110050320A CN112624807A CN 112624807 A CN112624807 A CN 112624807A CN 202110050320 A CN202110050320 A CN 202110050320A CN 112624807 A CN112624807 A CN 112624807A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008177 pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003978 infusion fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 59
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 4
- 102000003939 Membrane transport proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108090000301 Membrane transport proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract description 3
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical compound [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002981 blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Natural products SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001240 inorganic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH3] ARYZCSRUUPFYMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
- C05D9/02—Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice production, and particularly relates to a cadmium reduction agent for rice, a seed soaking liquid, a preparation method and a seed soaking method. The medicament comprises metal salt, wherein the metal salt is at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate and zinc sulfate. When the agent is used for soaking rice seeds, the absorption capacity of the rice to cadmium can be reduced, and the germination potential of the rice seeds can be improved. The metal salt is used as competitive adsorption particles of heavy metal cadmium, can enter rice seeds in advance during seed soaking, improves the concentration of competitive metal ions in rice seed cells, reduces the absorption of the rice to cadmium in soil through competing with cadmium ions for a transport channel in a rice root system membrane transport protein, can stimulate the expression of stress-resistant genes in the rice seeds, accelerates the germination of the rice seeds, improves the germination vigor and shortens the germination accelerating time of the rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice production, and particularly relates to a cadmium reduction agent for rice, a seed soaking liquid, a preparation method and a seed soaking method.
Background
In recent years, with the development of industry and the use of agricultural input products in large quantities, the world faces more and more serious soil environment safety problems, and the attention on heavy metal pollution is the most. According to survey bulletin of national soil pollution conditions jointly issued by the 2014 ministry of environmental protection and the ministry of national soil resources, the total exceeding rate of national soil is 19.4%, wherein the exceeding point positions of inorganic pollutants mainly containing heavy metals account for 82.8% of the total exceeding rate. The method is subject to the nervous cultivated land level in China, and the adoption of simple and rough desertion measures for the soil polluted by heavy metal obviously brings huge hidden troubles to the grain safety. In order to reduce the absorption of heavy metals by crops and ensure the safety of food on the premise of not influencing the productivity of soil, the common technical means comprise reducing the activity of heavy metals in soil and reducing the absorption capacity of heavy metals by crops.
The efficient and cheap reduction of the absorption of heavy metals by crops is a current research hotspot. Soil heavy metal passivation materials produced by taking various materials as raw materials are diversified, but the problems of high cost, large manpower input and repeated application are often caused, and certain influence is brought to the soil structure and the environment bearing capacity. The absorption capacity of crops to heavy metals is reduced through certain measures, the absorption of crops such as rice and the like to heavy metal cadmium is reduced on the premise of not damaging the soil structure and the original productivity, and the method gradually becomes a new research direction for safe utilization of cadmium-polluted farmlands at present.
Chinese patent CN110066202A discloses a foliar spraying agent for reducing the cadmium content of rice, which consists of sodium selenite and a pesticide-fertilizer infiltration agent, and achieves the effect of reducing the cadmium content of rice by spraying the rice for three times. Chinese patent document CN105613577A discloses a foliar spray agent, which comprises a plurality of components such as silicon micropowder, methoxysilane, thiocyanate, cosolvent, surfactant and the like, and the foliar spray agent is used for spraying rice foliar for a plurality of times to achieve the cadmium reduction effect. Chinese patent document CN107759349A discloses a multi-nutrient compound foliar fertilizer for preventing and controlling the accumulation of cadmium in rice, a preparation method and application thereof. Chinese patent document CN105724428A discloses a foliar blocking agent for accurately regulating and controlling expression of genes related to cadmium absorption and transport of rice, and the cadmium content of rice is reduced by adopting a spraying mode. However, the method of foliage spraying can not obviously reduce the safe planting cost of rice, and spraying for many times in different periods of rice growth can also bring higher labor cost, and the raw materials of some methods are complex and expensive, thereby limiting popularization and application. Therefore, it is very important to develop a method for reducing the cadmium absorption capacity of rice with simple technology, low cost, safety and high efficiency.
Chinese patent document CN110934152A discloses a seed soaking agent for reducing cadmium and arsenic content in rice seeds, the seed soaking agent is a solution containing sodium selenite and sodium metasilicate, the seed soaking agent is used for soaking the rice seeds before sowing, but the sodium selenite belongs to a highly toxic substance, a rat has a large safety risk through an LD50 of 7mg/kg, the application scene is limited, the seed soaking agent cannot be popularized and used in farmers, and the method has a low effect of reducing the cadmium content of the rice seeds and is yet to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to overcome the defects that the rice seed soaking liquid in the prior art has high toxicity and can not be popularized and used, the cadmium reduction effect of the soaking liquid needs to be further improved and the like, and provides a rice cadmium reduction medicament, a rice cadmium reduction soaking liquid, a preparation method thereof and a seed soaking method.
Therefore, the invention provides the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a rice cadmium reduction medicament, which comprises a metal salt;
the metal salt is at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate and zinc sulfate.
The medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass (6-8): (2-4) ferrous sulfate and manganese chloride; or the like, or, alternatively,
the medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass (2-3): the ferrous chloride and the zinc nitrate of (1-2); or the like, or, alternatively,
the medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass (3-4): (2-4) manganese nitrate and zinc sulfate.
The medicament is powder.
The invention also provides a rice cadmium reduction seed soaking liquid which comprises a solvent and the medicament.
The seed soaking liquid comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: (10-50) a pharmaceutical agent and a solvent.
The seed soaking liquid comprises the following components in a mass ratio of 1: (10-30) a pharmaceutical agent and a solvent.
The solvent is water.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the seed soaking liquid, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing and dissolving a medicament and a solvent to obtain the seed soaking liquid.
Further, the present invention provides a seed soaking method using the above seed soaking liquid or the seed soaking liquid prepared by the above preparation method, comprising the steps of,
soaking the rice in the seed soaking liquid for 20-30h, taking out, stacking the rice together, and allowing the rice to germinate.
Further, the seed soaking temperature is 25-30 ℃ in the seed soaking process.
The medicament and the seed soaking liquid provided by the invention can be suitable for but not limited to a plurality of early and late rice products such as Zhongjiazao 17, Huanghua clay, Taiyou 398, Yuenongsimiao, Wufengyou Huazhan, Zhongzao 33, Xiangzaixian 45 and Quanyou 33, and play a role in reducing cadmium for most rice varieties.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the cadmium reduction medicament for the rice comprises metal salt, wherein the metal salt is at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate and zinc sulfate. When the agent is used for soaking rice seeds, the absorption capacity of the rice to cadmium can be reduced, and the germination potential of the rice seeds can be improved. The metal salt is used as competitive adsorption particles of heavy metal cadmium, can enter rice seeds in advance during seed soaking, improves the concentration of competitive metal ions in rice seed cells, reduces the absorption of the rice to cadmium in soil through competing with cadmium ions for a transport channel in a rice root system membrane transport protein, can stimulate the expression of stress-resistant genes in the rice seeds, accelerates the germination of the rice seeds, improves the germination vigor and shortens the germination accelerating time of the rice.
When the agent provided by the invention is used for soaking rice seeds, the germination accelerating time of the rice seeds can be shortened, the germination accelerating cost is reduced, the agricultural production efficiency is improved, and the additional labor cost is not increased; the metal salt in the medicament provided by the invention is a non-toxic or low-toxic compound, does not harm personnel, is cheap and easily available, is a metal component contained in soil, does not bring new pollution to the soil, and is suitable for popularization and application in farmers. The medicament provided by the invention has a good cadmium reduction effect on a plurality of rice varieties and has good adaptability. In addition, the rice cadmium reduction medicament provided by the invention is convenient to transport.
2. According to the rice cadmium reduction medicament provided by the invention, when the metal salt comprises a mixture of ferrous sulfate and manganese chloride, or a mixture of ferrous chloride and zinc nitrate, or a mixture of manganese nitrate and zinc sulfate, or ferrous sulfate, the medicament is prepared into a seed soaking solution, and after rice seeds are soaked, the obtained brown rice has low cadmium content and a particularly remarkable cadmium reduction effect.
3. The cadmium-reducing rice seed soaking liquid provided by the invention comprises the medicament and the solvent, and can reduce the absorption capacity of rice to cadmium and improve the germination vigor of rice seeds after the rice seeds are soaked by the seed soaking liquid. The metal salt is used as competitive adsorption particles of heavy metal cadmium, can enter rice seeds in advance during seed soaking, improves the concentration of competitive metal ions in rice seed cells, reduces the absorption of the rice to cadmium in soil through competing with cadmium ions for a transport channel in a rice root system membrane transport protein, can stimulate the expression of an anti-stress gene in the rice seeds through the metal salt, accelerates the germination of the rice seeds, improves the germination vigor, and shortens the germination accelerating time of the rice.
The invention adopts the seed soaking liquid with specific concentration, and greatly reduces the cadmium content in the rice seeds by reducing the absorption of heavy metal cadmium by the rice root system, and the cadmium reduction effect can reach 75 percent to the maximum. In addition, the rice seed soaking liquid provided by the invention can achieve the aim of safe production of rice in rice fields with medium and light cadmium pollution, and compared with other seed soaking agents, the rice seed soaking liquid can achieve the suitable sowing condition and is reduced by at least 2 days.
4. The seed soaking method of the seed soaking liquid provided by the invention comprises the steps of soaking rice in the seed soaking liquid for 20-30h, fishing out, stacking the rice together and allowing the rice to germinate. The soaking time is too long, the respiration of the rice seeds is inhibited, the germination is seriously influenced, the soaking time is too short, and the rice seeds do not absorb water to affect the germination rate. In addition, the seed soaking method is simple and convenient, strong in operability, free of additional labor cost, capable of shortening the germination accelerating time of the rice seeds after seed soaking, and capable of improving agricultural production efficiency, and after multiple tests, the time for the rice seeds to reach the suitable sowing condition (the root length is more than 1cm) is at least shortened by 2 days compared with other seed soaking solutions.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows germination of rice seeds in test example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the rice seedlings of test example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a cadmium reduction medicament for rice and a seed soaking liquid containing the same, wherein the medicament comprises 5g of ferrous sulfate and 3g of manganese chloride; the seed soaking liquid comprises 5g of ferrous sulfate, 3g of manganese chloride and 200g of water.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a cadmium reduction medicament for rice and a seed soaking liquid containing the same, wherein the medicament comprises 5g of ferrous sulfate and 3g of manganese chloride; the seed soaking liquid comprises 5g of ferrous sulfate, 3g of manganese chloride and 88g of water.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a cadmium reduction medicament for rice and a seed soaking liquid containing the cadmium reduction medicament, wherein the medicament comprises 5g of ferric chloride and 3g of manganese sulfate; the seed soaking liquid comprises 5g of ferric chloride, 3g of manganese sulfate and 320g of water.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a cadmium reduction medicament for rice and a seed soaking liquid containing the same, wherein the medicament comprises 5g of ferrous sulfate; the seed soaking liquid comprises 5g of ferrous sulfate and 150g of water.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a cadmium reduction agent for rice and a seed soaking liquid containing the same, wherein the agent comprises 4g of ferrous chloride and 2g of zinc nitrate; the seed soaking liquid comprises 4g of ferrous chloride, 2g of zinc nitrate and 90g of water.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a cadmium reduction agent for rice and a seed soaking liquid containing the same, wherein the agent comprises 1g of manganese nitrate and 1g of zinc sulfate; the seed soaking liquid comprises 1g of manganese nitrate, 1g of zinc sulfate and 100g of water.
Comparative example 1
The present comparative example provides a medicament and a seed soak containing the medicament, wherein the medicament includes 5g ferrous sulfate and 3g manganese chloride; the seed soaking liquid comprises 5g of ferrous sulfate, 3g of manganese chloride and 40g of water.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example provides a medicament and an infusion solution comprising the medicament, wherein the medicament comprises 8g of calcium chloride; the seed soaking solution comprises 8g of calcium chloride and 200g of water.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example provides a medicament and a seed soak containing the medicament, wherein the medicament includes 8g of sodium silicate; the seed soaking liquid comprises 8g of sodium silicate and 200g of water.
Comparative example 4
The present comparative example provides a medicament and an infusion solution comprising the medicament, wherein the medicament comprises 8g potassium sulfate; the seed soaking liquid comprises 8g of potassium sulfate and 200g of water.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example used clear water as the seed soak.
Test example 1
This test example provides a seed soaking method of the seed soaking liquid of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 5, comprising the steps of,
soaking rice seeds in the seed soaking liquid of the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-5 for 24 hours respectively, wherein the seed soaking temperature is 29 +/-1 ℃, then fishing out the seeds to the open space for natural germination acceleration, keeping the environmental temperature at 20 +/-1 ℃ in the germination acceleration process, properly turning over the seeds according to the actual environment to avoid burning and decaying the seeds, and recording the germination rate and the average root length of the rice seeds on the 3 rd day and the 5 th day of the germination acceleration process respectively; among them, the rice variety of test examples 1 to 4 was Zhongjiazao 17.
After the rice seed root length exceeds 1cm, sowing the rice seed into a seedling bed, normally raising the rice seedling, after the condition suitable for planting is reached, transplanting the rice seedling into a cadmium-polluted field block, and adopting the same agricultural management measures and water management conditions for all experimental treatments. After rice is ripe, a rice sample is collected, husked and the brown rice part is taken, crushed, and the cadmium content in the brown rice is determined by adopting a triacid digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption method according to the method of determination of cadmium in GB 5009.15-2014 national standard food for food safety and the cadmium reduction effect is evaluated. The rice germination rate and root length recording results are shown in table 1, and the cadmium content testing results in the brown rice are shown in table 2. Examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-5 are labeled A-K, respectively.
TABLE 1 statistics of seed soaking and germination of rice seeds in test example 1
| Numbering | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K |
| 3d average root length (mm) | 9 | 14 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 7 |
| 5d average root length (mm) | 14 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 11 |
| 3d Germination (%) | 51 | 56 | 39 | 42 | 53 | 40 | 11 | 42 | 35 | 40 | 45 |
| 5d Germination (%) | 72 | 78 | 61 | 64 | 73 | 62 | 19 | 59 | 51 | 49 | 57 |
TABLE 2 test results of cadmium content in brown rice obtained in test example 1
Note: "-" indicates no effect of reducing cadmium, as in tables 4 and 6.
As can be seen from Table 1, after the rice seeds are soaked in the seed soaking liquid of examples 1-6 and comparative examples 1-5 for 24 hours, the seeds reach suitable sowing conditions after 3 days of pregermination, and the germination rate is 39-56%. The radicle length of the rice seeds soaked in the example 1-6 after 5 days of pregermination is far beyond the sowing condition, and the rice seeds soaked in the comparative example 2-5 just reach the sowing condition. The seed soaking liquids obtained in examples 1 to 6 contribute to the improvement of the germination rate and the growth of the root system of rice seeds.
As shown in Table 2, the cadmium content of the brown rice obtained by soaking the rice seeds in the seed soaking liquid obtained in examples 1 to 6 is low, and the cadmium reduction rate of the seed soaking liquid obtained in examples 1 to 6 is 45.7 to 74.6 percent compared with that of the brown rice obtained by soaking the rice seeds in water; in addition, the cadmium reduction rate of the seed soaking liquid obtained in the comparative examples 1 to 5 is less than 40%, and the cadmium content exceeds the food safety standard (< 0.2 mg/kg).
Test example 2
This test example provides a seed soaking method of the seed soaking liquid of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
soaking the rice seeds in the seed soaking liquid of the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-5 for 48 hours respectively, wherein the seed soaking temperature is 29 +/-1 ℃, then fishing out to the open space for natural germination, keeping the environmental temperature at 20 +/-1 ℃ in the germination accelerating process, properly turning over according to the actual environment to avoid burning and decaying the seeds, and respectively recording the germination rate and the average root length of the rice seeds on the 3 rd day and the 5 th day of the germination accelerating process.
After the rice seed root length exceeds 1cm, sowing the rice seed into a seedling bed, normally raising the rice seedling, after the condition suitable for planting is reached, transplanting the rice seedling into a cadmium-polluted field block, and adopting the same agricultural management measures and water management conditions for all experimental treatments. After rice is ripe, a rice sample is collected, husked and the brown rice part is taken, crushed, and the cadmium content in the brown rice is determined by adopting a triacid digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption method according to the method of determination of cadmium in GB 5009.15-2014 national standard food for food safety and the cadmium reduction effect is evaluated. The rice germination rate and root length recording results are shown in table 3, and the cadmium content testing results in the brown rice are shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 statistics of the germination of rice seeds in test example 2
| Numbering | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K |
| 3d average root length (mm) | 7 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 |
| 5d average root length (mm) | 12 | 7 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 11 |
| 3d Germination (%) | 12 | 7 | 31 | 15 | 20 | 30 | 11 | 31 | 31 | 33 | 41 |
| 5d Germination (%) | 15 | 20 | 21 | 45 | 24 | 48 | 19 | 47 | 47 | 45 | 55 |
TABLE 4 test results of cadmium content in brown rice obtained in test example 2
Table 3 shows that the germination rate of rice was significantly affected by changing the seed soaking time to 48 hours, and that the average root length and the germination rate were significantly decreased as the seed soaking solution concentration was higher, and in this test example, examples 1 to 6 were significantly decreased in comparison with the germination rate and the average root length of test example 1. The seed soaking time is too long, the respiration of the rice seeds is inhibited, and the high-concentration seed soaking agent has an inhibiting effect on the germination of the rice seeds.
In Table 4, after the rice seeds are soaked in the seed soaking liquid of examples 1 to 6, the cadmium reduction rate of the brown rice is 41 to 67.3 percent, the cadmium content of most of the rice seeds does not meet the national food standard, and the cadmium content of comparative examples 1 to 5 is high. The seed soaking time cannot improve the cadmium reduction effect.
Test example 3
This test example provides a seed soaking method of the seed soaking liquid of examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
soaking rice seeds in the seed soaking liquid of the examples 1-6 and the comparative examples 1-5 for 12 hours respectively, wherein the seed soaking temperature is 29 +/-1 ℃, then fishing out the seeds to the open space for natural germination acceleration, keeping the environmental temperature at 20 +/-1 ℃ in the germination acceleration process, properly turning over the seeds according to the actual environment to avoid burning and decaying the seeds, and recording the germination rate and the average root length of the rice seeds on the 3 rd day and the 5 th day of the germination acceleration process respectively.
After the rice seed root length exceeds 1cm, sowing the rice seed into a seedling bed, normally raising the rice seedling, after the condition suitable for planting is reached, transplanting the rice seedling into a cadmium-polluted field block, and adopting the same agricultural management measures and water management conditions for all experimental treatments. After rice is ripe, a rice sample is collected, husked and the brown rice part is taken, crushed, and the cadmium content in the brown rice is determined by using a triacid digestion-graphite furnace atomic absorption method according to the method of determination of cadmium in GB 5009.15-2014 national standard food for food safety, and the cadmium reduction effect is evaluated. The rice germination rate and root length recording results are shown in table 5, and the cadmium content testing results in the brown rice are shown in table 6.
TABLE 5 statistics of the germination of rice seeds in test example 3
| Numbering | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K |
| 3d average root length (mm) | 5 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| 5d average root length (mm) | 10 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 10 |
| 3d Germination (%) | 39 | 40 | 37 | 38 | 42 | 38 | 12 | 33 | 29 | 32 | 35 |
| 5d Germination (%) | 55 | 61 | 47 | 49 | 62 | 48 | 15 | 53 | 42 | 41 | 45 |
TABLE 6 test results of cadmium content in brown rice obtained in test example 3
As can be seen from Table 5, the seed soaking time was 12 hours, the germination rate and average root length of rice seeds were significantly lower than those of test example 1, and after 5 days of germination acceleration, examples 1 to 6 reached sowing-suitable conditions, and the germination rate was 47% to 62%. Compared with the test example 1 comprehensively, the average root length and the germination rate of the test example 3 are lower than those of the test example 1, which indicates that the seed soaking time is 12 hours, the seed soaking is insufficient, and the germination of the rice seeds is influenced.
Table 6 shows that after the rice seeds are soaked in the seed soaking liquid of the examples 1 to 6, the cadmium reduction rate is between 40.9 and 67.3 percent, the cadmium reduction effect is slightly lower than that of the test example 1, the cadmium content of most brown rice does not meet the national food standard, the cadmium content of the comparative examples 1 to 5 is very high, and the cadmium reduction effect is reduced to a certain extent due to the shortened seed soaking time.
Comprehensively, the medicament and the seed soaking liquid provided by the invention are beneficial to improving the germination rate and the germination potential of rice seeds and reducing the cadmium content in brown rice; the optimal seed soaking time of the seed soaking liquid is 20-30h, and the average cadmium reduction rate of the brown rice is about 50% -75%.
Test example 4
The experimental example considers the influence of the mass ratio of the medicament to the solvent on the rice seed germination, the medicament comprises 5g of ferrous sulfate and 3g of manganese chloride, seed soaking solutions are respectively prepared according to the mass ratio of the medicament to the solvent of 1:50, 1:45, 1:40, 1:35, 1:30, 1:25, 1:20 and 1:10, the rice seeds are respectively soaked in the seed soaking solutions with different ratios for 24 hours, the seed soaking temperature is 29 +/-1 ℃, then the seeds are fished out to be naturally germinated on the open ground, the environmental temperature is kept above 20 +/-1 ℃ in the germination accelerating process, the seeds are properly turned over according to the actual environment to avoid burning and rotting the seeds, the germination rate and the average root length of the seeds are respectively recorded on day 3 in the germination accelerating process, the rice seed germination condition is shown in figure 1, the rice seed germination speed is obviously accelerated along with the increase of the concentration of the medicament in the seed soaking solutions, wherein the mass ratio of the medicament to the solvent of 1 (10-40) reaches the proper sowing condition (the root length) 1cm) and using clear water as a control group, wherein the rice seeds soaked in the clear water can not meet the sowing requirement.
Then uniformly transferring the germinated seeds into an illumination incubator, performing constant-temperature illumination culture for 7 days, wherein the seedling raising condition is shown in figure 2, the mass fraction of the pesticide in the seed soaking liquid is large, and the height of the rice seedlings is high, which shows that the seed soaking agent with a specific formula can promote the germination of the rice seeds and accelerate the rice seedling raising process.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The rice cadmium reduction agent is characterized by comprising a metal salt;
the metal salt is at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate and zinc sulfate.
2. The medicament according to claim 1, wherein the medicament comprises a mixture of (6-8): (2-4) ferrous sulfate and manganese chloride; or the like, or, alternatively,
the medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass (2-3): the ferrous chloride and the zinc nitrate of (1-2); or the like, or, alternatively,
the medicament comprises the following components in percentage by mass (3-4): (2-4) manganese nitrate and zinc sulfate.
3. The medicament of claim 1 or 2, wherein the medicament is a powder.
4. A rice cadmium-reducing seed soaking liquid, comprising the agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and a solvent.
5. The seed soak solution of claim 4, wherein the seed soak solution comprises a mass ratio of 1: (10-50) a pharmaceutical agent and a solvent.
6. The seed soak solution of claim 5, wherein the seed soak solution comprises a mass ratio of 1: (10-30) a pharmaceutical agent and a solvent.
7. The method of preparing an infusion solution according to any one of claims 4 to 6, comprising mixing a pharmaceutical agent with a solvent and dissolving the mixture to obtain the infusion solution.
8. A seed soaking method using the seed soaking liquid according to any one of claims 4 to 6 or the seed soaking liquid prepared by the preparation method according to claim 7, comprising the steps of,
soaking the rice in the seed soaking liquid for 20-30h, taking out, stacking the rice together, and allowing the rice to germinate.
9. The seed soaking method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the seed soaking is 25-30 ℃ during seed soaking.
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