CN112616922A - 缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23C9/1238—Fermented milk preparations; Treatment using microorganisms or enzymes using only microorganisms of the genus lactobacteriaceae; Yoghurt using specific L. bulgaricus or S. thermophilus microorganisms; using entrapped or encapsulated yoghurt bacteria; Physical or chemical treatment of L. bulgaricus or S. thermophilus cultures; Fermentation only with L. bulgaricus or only with S. thermophilus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明属于乳制品加工领域,公开了一种缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品及其制备方法。本发明是将鱼油、橄榄油、功能性辅料等原料分别进行乳基发酵和植物基发酵,最后将两种发酵品充分混合制得的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品。本发明利用两种不同发酵方式,使得原料之间能够更好的相互促进,进一步提高本身的营养价值和降低血脂的作用,在益生菌的促进下,提高发酵乳制品的口感以及稳定性。本发明适用于发酵乳制品的制备,尤其适用于缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于乳制品加工领域,涉及一种乳制品及其制备方法,具体地说是一种缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品及其制备方法。
背景技术
非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是指除外酒精和其他明确的损肝因素所致的肝细胞内脂肪过度沉积为主要特征的临床病理综合征,与胰岛素抵抗和遗传易感性密切相关的获得性代谢应激性肝损伤。包括单纯性脂肪肝(SFL)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)及其相关肝硬化。随着肥胖及其相关代谢综合征全球化的流行趋势,非酒精性脂肪性肝病现已成为欧美等发达国家和我国富裕地区慢性肝病的重要病因,普通成人NAFLD患病率10%~30%,其中10%~20%为NASH,后者10年内肝硬化发生率高达25%。
非酒精性脂肪性肝病除可直接导致失代偿期肝硬化、肝细胞癌和移植肝复发外,还可影响其他慢性肝病的进展,并参与2型糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化的发病。代谢综合征相关恶性肿瘤、动脉硬化性心脑血管疾病以及肝硬化为影响非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者生活质量和预期寿命的重要因素。
在我国,非酒精性脂肪肝患病人群庞大,目前几乎覆盖了从儿童到老年各个年龄段的人群,据相关部门调查显示中国的患病率已经超过29%。截止到目前,非酒精性脂肪肝仍处于缺乏药物干预阶段,只能通过调节限制饮食和加强运动来预防及控制非酒精性脂肪肝发展。而在众多食品当中,乳制品是最容易被大众所接受的,而且乳制品适合从儿童到老年各个年龄段的人群,所以提供一种乳制品既能保证人体日常所需的营养物质补充,满足大众口感需求,又能有效地控制非酒精性脂肪肝是十分必要的。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的以上不足,本发明旨在提供一种缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品及其制备方法,以达到预防和控制非酒精性脂肪肝,同时补充人体日常营养所需和满足口感需要的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品,以重量份数计,制成它的主要成分的原料包括:
生牛乳50~70份、复合益生菌0.01~0.03份、复配益生菌0.05~0.1份、鱼油0.01~0.05份、橄榄油0.01~0.05份、功能性辅料8~12份以及水50~70份;
作为本发明的限定,所述复合益生菌是由重量份数比为2:1:1的副干酪乳杆菌N1115、嗜热链球菌JMCC0024和保加利亚乳杆菌组成的;
作为本发明的另一种限定,所述复配益生菌是由重量份数比为1:1的嗜热链球菌JMCC0024和保加利亚乳杆菌组成的;
其中,本发明所用到的副干酪乳杆菌N1115(Lactobacillus paracasei N1115),已于2011年3月17日,在位于北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号的中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(国家专利局指定专利微生物保藏中心)进行保藏,保藏编号:CGMCCNo.4691,其在专利号为201110357058.8的中国发明专利中首次公开;
本发明所用到的嗜热链球菌JMCC0024菌株保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏地址是北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,保藏日期为2018年12月14日,保藏号为CGMCC NO . 16940,拉丁文名称为Streptococcus thermophilus。使用规格:复合益生菌中菌落总数在菌落总数均为1×108~1×109CFU/g;
复配益生菌中菌落总数在菌落总数均为1×109~1×1010CFU/g;
需要说明的是,本发明所用的复合益生菌与复配益生菌均为优选规格,并不是用作限制本发明所选用的益生菌来源;
作为本发明的第三种限定,所述功能性辅料是由重量份数比为10:0.5:1:1:1的鹰嘴豆、橘皮、山楂、牛油果和花椰菜组成的;
本发明还提供缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品的一种制备方法,所述制备方法包括依次进行的以下步骤:
1)取鱼油、橄榄油与生牛乳混合均匀,得混合物料A;
取功能性辅料与水混合均匀,得混合物料B;
2)分别对混合物料A和混合物料B进行均质、灭菌;
3)取复合益生菌加入到均质灭菌后的混合物料A进行发酵,得发酵品C;
取复配益生菌加入到均质灭菌后的混合物料B进行发酵,得发酵品D;
混合发酵品C和发酵品D,即得缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品;
作为本发明所提供的制备方法的限定,所述步骤1)混合温度为50~60℃;
作为本发明所提供的制备方法的另一种限定,所述步骤2)均质灭菌的温度为58~70℃,压力为16~22Mpa;
作为本发明所提供的制备方法的第三种限定,所述步骤3)发酵温度为37~42℃;
作为本发明所提供的制备方法的第四种限定,所述步骤3)发酵品C的酸度为75°T。
由于采用了上述的技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比,所取得的有益效果是:
(1)本发明所提供的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品,包含了多种具有降脂功能的原料,其中包括:
鱼油:含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸,可以降低谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶等生物标志物水平,来保护肝脏的损伤。并且降低甘油三脂的合成并加快脂肪酸代谢氧化,减少脂肪酸向肝脏的转运;
橄榄油:含有羟基酪醇,其与鱼油、植物基发酵产物中所含有的维生素E配合,起到抗氧化的作用,从而改善因非酒精性脂肪肝产生的氧化应激,保护肝脏免受损伤;
鹰嘴豆:鹰嘴豆属高营养豆类植物,富含多种营养素和非营养素。鹰嘴豆是植物蛋白、膳食纤维、抗性淀粉、维生素和矿物质,尤其是叶酸,钙,镁,磷,钾和植物化学物质( 包括甾醇、异黄酮、类胡萝卜素、皂苷) 的丰富来源。其所含的低聚半乳糖有明显的降低血脂、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白的作用,而且能够减少肝脏脂肪细胞浸润,保护肝细胞,同时也能够促进益生菌的增殖和活性;其所含的植物甾醇、不饱和脂肪酸具有降脂的功效;异黄酮以及豆皮中的纤维具有抗氧化的功效;
橘皮:橘皮通过菌种发酵,具有抗氧化和降脂的功效。同时橘皮含有丰富的维生素C和香精油,具有抗氧化的功效,降低鱼油腥味;
山楂:主要含有黄酮类有机酸和三萜类等化学成分,具有降血脂作用;
牛油果:富含以不饱和脂肪酸为主的油脂、多种矿物质和维生素E等,它含有抗炎成分和可溶性纤维,这些物质均可帮助降低人体中的血糖和氧化应激,从而减轻胰岛素抵抗、保护肝脏;
花椰菜:含有丰富维生素C和类黄酮化合物,可以阻止胆固醇氧化,降低肝脏的氧化应激和脂肪的氧化,从而达到护肝的作用;
(2)本发明所提供的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品的制备方法,是将原料分别进行乳基发酵和植物基发酵的两种不同的发酵方式,不仅使得发酵条件易于控制,也使得基料和菌种能够进行更好的相互作用;
所述乳基发酵是采用副干酪乳杆菌N1115与嗜热链球菌JMCC0024、保加利亚乳杆菌配合,降低了发酵时间,也同时发酵产物具有降血脂的功效,减轻肝脏的负担;
所述植物基发酵是通过复配益生菌以功能性辅料为基底进行发酵,降低了其中含有的抗营养因子,将蛋白降解为多肽,脂肪降解为脂肪酸,使人体更易吸收其营养成分,同时通过发酵产生的代谢产物,又发挥了更强的抗氧化及降脂的功效;
将两种发酵方式所得的发酵品充分混合后,乳基发酵产物与植物基发酵产物配合发挥抗氧化的作用,降低鱼油等油脂氧化产生的异味,提高产品的口感,同时植物基发酵产物进一步促进所得乳制品中益生菌的活性,从而保证发酵乳制品的稳定性。
综上所述,本发明所提供的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品及其制备方法,通过两种乳基发酵和植物基发酵的不同发酵方式,使得原料之间能够更好的相互促进,进一步提高本身的营养价值和降低血脂的作用,在益生菌的促进下,提高发酵乳制品的口感以及稳定性。
本发明适用于发酵乳制品的制备,尤其适用于缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品的制备。
具体实施方式
以下结合优选实施例对本发明进行说明。应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和理解本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1 一种缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品E1的制备方法
本实施例提供了一种缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品E1的制备方法,是依次进行的以下步骤:
1)分别称取0.01kg鱼油和0.01kg橄榄油加入至50kg生牛乳中,加热至50℃搅拌混合,得混合物料A1;
分别称取6kg鹰嘴豆、3kg橘皮粉、0.6kg山楂、0.6kg牛油果和0.6kg花椰菜加入至50kg水中,加热至53℃搅拌混合,得混合物料B1;
2)分别将混合物料A1和混合物料B1,加热至58℃和55℃;分别在16Mpa和18Mpa的压力下,均质、杀菌;
3)分别称取5g副干酪乳杆菌N1115、2.5g嗜热链球菌JMCC0024和2.5g保加利亚乳杆菌,加入至经过均质、杀菌且降温到39℃混合物料A1中进行发酵,监测其酸度达到75°T后,搅拌破乳,得发酵品C1;
分别称取50g嗜热链球菌JMCC0024和50g保加利亚乳杆菌加入至经过均质、杀菌且降温到39℃混合物料B1中进行发酵,得发酵品D1;
将发酵品C1和发酵品D1充分混合,即得缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品E1。
实施例2~6 缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品E2~E6的制备方法
本实施例2~6 分别提供一种缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品E2~E6的制备方法,具体实施步骤与实施例1基本相同,区别仅在于原料及其用量与工艺参数不同,具体参数见表1。
表1:缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品的制备方法
其他操作步骤及参数均与实施例1相同。
实施例7 本发明所提供的发酵乳制品对患有非酒精性脂肪肝鼠的影响
随机选取健康状况,体型相同的15只试验用大鼠,通过高脂饮食诱导大鼠建立非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠模型,并将其设置为空白组,对照组和试验组,共3组,每组5只。
在试验开始前,对所有大鼠进行采血,分离血清,对大鼠血清中的谷转氨酶、谷草转氨酶以及血超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)进行测定,记录每组检测结果的平均值,作为初始标准参考值。由于谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶作为评估机体肝脏功能和肝损伤最主要的两个酶,所以将谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶作为敏感指标进行对比。
试验过程中,空白组饲喂清水,对照组饲喂雀巢脱脂乳(1L/盒),试验组饲喂随机从实施例1~6所提供的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品E1~E6中选取一种发酵乳制品,三个组的饲喂条件均为每日早晚各一次,每次饲喂6ml,饲喂14天,其余生活条件以及运动量均相同。
试验结束后,分别对15只试验用大鼠进行采血,分离血清,对其中的谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及SOD水平进行测定,计算每组平均值,具体数据见表2。
表2:各组试验用大鼠血清数据表
试验结果表明,本发明所提供的发酵乳制品相比于普通脱脂乳可以有效降低血清内谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的水平,提高SOD的活力,改善脂质过氧化,从而缓解非酒精性脂肪肝。
需要说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域技术人员来说,其依然可以对上述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品,其特征在于:以重量份数计,制成它的有效成分的原料包括:生牛乳50~70份、复合益生菌0.01~0.03份、复配益生菌0.05~0.1份、鱼油0.01~0.05份、橄榄油0.01~0.05份、功能性辅料8~12份以及水50~70份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品,其特征在于:所述复合益生菌是由重量份数比为2:1:1的副干酪乳杆菌N1115、嗜热链球菌JMCC0024和保加利亚乳杆菌组成的。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品,其特征在于:所述复配益生菌是由重量份数比为1:1的嗜热链球菌JMCC0024和保加利亚乳杆菌组成的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品,其特征在于:所述功能性辅料是由重量份数比为10:0.5:1:1:1的鹰嘴豆、橘皮、山楂、牛油果和花椰菜组成的。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品,其特征在于:所述功能性辅料是由重量份数比为10:0.5:1:1:1的鹰嘴豆、橘皮、山楂、牛油果和花椰菜组成的。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任意一项所述的缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品的一种制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括依次进行的以下步骤:
1)取鱼油、橄榄油与生牛乳混合均匀,得混合物料A;
取功能性辅料与水混合均匀,得混合物料B;
2)分别对混合物料A和混合物料B进行均质、灭菌;
3)取复合益生菌加入到均质灭菌后的混合物料A进行发酵,得发酵品C;
取复配益生菌加入到均质灭菌后的混合物料B进行发酵,得发酵品D;
混合发酵品C和发酵品D,即得缓解非酒精性脂肪肝的发酵乳制品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤1)混合温度为50~60℃。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)均质灭菌的温度为58~70℃,压力为16~22Mpa。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)发酵温度为37~42℃;所述发酵品C的酸度为75°T。
10.根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤3)发酵温度为37~42℃;所述发酵品C的酸度为75°T。
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