CN112616600B - Cultivation process for improving low-temperature resistance of peanuts - Google Patents

Cultivation process for improving low-temperature resistance of peanuts Download PDF

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CN112616600B
CN112616600B CN202011399772.9A CN202011399772A CN112616600B CN 112616600 B CN112616600 B CN 112616600B CN 202011399772 A CN202011399772 A CN 202011399772A CN 112616600 B CN112616600 B CN 112616600B
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peanut
peanuts
temperature resistance
seeds
low temperature
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CN112616600A (en
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陈小姝
刘海龙
高华援
吕永超
赵跃
宁洽
王绍伦
张志民
孙晓苹
李美君
李春雨
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Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/46N-acyl derivatives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/24Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
    • A01N43/32Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms six-membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/36Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/541,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/10Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/26Oxidation products of dithiocarbamic acid derivatives, e.g. thiuram sulfides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N51/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02Superphosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

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Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation process for improving low temperature resistance of peanuts, and particularly relates to the technical field of peanut cultivation, which comprises the following steps: soil preparation, ridging and fertilization; step two: seed treatment; step three: sowing; step four: managing the field; step five: harvesting and airing. According to the invention, by additionally applying phosphate fertilizer, seed coating agent and peanut peel, the peanut seeding time can be advanced, the pollination rate can be increased in the flowering phase, the peanut can be harvested in advance, the peanut seeding time is advanced by 3-5 days, the emergence rate is ensured to be more than 97%, the pod maturity is increased, the yield is increased by more than 35% -43%, meanwhile, the peanut peel powder is matched with the seed coating for use, the peanut peel powder is uniformly dispersed outside the seed coating, the peanut peel powder can generate trace heat in underground fermentation, the heat preservation and insulation effect of the seed coating can be effectively enhanced, the low temperature resistance of the peanut is improved, the seeding time can be advanced through the coating in spring sowing, and the pod maturity is increased.

Description

Cultivation process for improving low-temperature resistance of peanuts
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of peanut cultivation, in particular to a cultivation process for improving low-temperature resistance of peanuts.
Background
The low temperature is a main natural disaster of the peanut planting area in Jilin province in the sowing period, large-area production reduction of peanuts can be caused each time of low-temperature cold damage occurs, and the peanuts cannot germinate or rot buds due to the low-temperature weather during planting, so that the whole seedlings are influenced; or even if seedlings are produced, the seedlings can die due to cold damage, and the yield and the quality are seriously influenced. The production of peanuts is not only a key role in guaranteeing the safety of edible oil in China, but also a key mission in adjusting agricultural planting structures and increasing the income of farmers. Therefore, the peanut yield in northeast region has large annual fluctuation, which inevitably leads to unstable rural economic development. Peanuts belong to temperate crops, and require high temperature conditions in the whole growth and development process. The basic conditions for peanut seeding are that the daily average temperature is more than or equal to 12 ℃, and the ground temperature of 5cm for 5 days is more than or equal to 15 ℃.
However, as Jilin province is located in alpine regions, the daily average temperature is higher than 12 ℃, generally in the middle and last days of 5 months, the sowing is later than the sowing period of peanuts in other low-latitude regions, the sowing is earlier, large-area low-temperature seed rot occurs when the peanuts meet cold currents, and the emergence period and the flowering later stage are frequently threatened by low-temperature cold damage, so that the growth process and the yield of the peanuts are greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a cultivation process for improving the low-temperature resistance of peanuts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cultivation process for improving low temperature resistance of peanuts comprises the following production steps:
the method comprises the following steps: soil preparation, ridging and fertilization;
step two: seed treatment;
step three: sowing;
step four: managing the field;
step five: harvesting and airing.
Further, in the fertilization process of the step one, the fertilizer is applied every 666.7m250kg of composted bio-organic fertilizer and 13.5-15 kg of peanut peel are used, 13.5-15 kg of urea and 13.5-15 kg of potassium sulfate are added, 25-35 kg of phosphate fertilizer-calcium superphosphate and 5-8 kg of calcium oxide are added, the low temperature resistance of seeds is improved, the fertilizing depth is 10-15 cm, and the nutrient absorption of peanut pods is facilitated; in the seed treatment process of the second step, peanuts are exposed to the sun for 2-3 days before husking, husks are peeled for 7-10 days before sowing, 11% of azotobacter, 600 g/L imidacloprid, 400 g/L withered rust and thiram suspending agent are used for seed dressing and coating before sowing, then peanut peel is ground into powder, then the peanut seeds and the peanut peel powder are matched according to the mass ratio of 500: 1-3, and finally the peanut peel powder is dispersed to the outer side of the peanut seeds by using ultrasonic waves, so that the adaptability of the seeds to a low-temperature environment is improved; in the sowing process of the third step, the planting density is properly increased, 2 seeds are planted in each hole, and the sowing period of the seeds can be advanced by 5-7 days through seed coating and phosphate fertilizer application; in the field management process of the step four: and (4) mulching cultivation, spraying 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces in the middle 7 th of the month, timely controlling, and paying attention to soil shortage and waterlogging drainage.
Further, in the step one, the cultivation depth is 20cm, the rotary tillage plow harrow is used for leveling along with the cultivated land, the purposes of depth, looseness, fineness, smashing, leveling, no weed, no front root stubble and timely ridging are achieved, the ridge distance is 60cm in autumn, and the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to be applied at one time, so that the water and fertilizer storage capacity of the soil can be improved.
Furthermore, in the second step, peanuts are sun-planted for 3 days before husking, husked for 7 days before sowing, deinsectized, germinated and rotten fruits are removed during husking, and first-level and second-level seeds are selected for sowing after husking, so that the seed quality is guaranteed, and the experimental result is real and effective.
Further, in the third step, the seeds are selected to be Jihua No. 4, pearl bean type peanuts, the seeding density is 150000 holes/hectare, 2 grains are planted in each hole, the seeds are sowed in 2 periods when 5cm ground temperature is continuously kept for 5 days and stably passes 8 ℃ and 12 ℃, and the seeding date is 5 months, 7 days and 5 months, 15 days.
Further, in the fourth step, during film mulching cultivation, when the peanuts are basically flush, soil piles on the films are timely removed into furrows, lateral branches under the mulching films are timely pulled out before flowering in the fourth leaf period, and the positions with holes are timely replanted, in the fourth step, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the middle 7 months, when the peanut is in the initial stage of pod setting and the height of the main stem reaches 35cm, growth regulators are sprayed once, and the chemical control can be performed once again after 15 days after pesticide application and when the height of the main stem exceeds 40 cm.
Further, in the fifth step, when the peanut shells are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish and bluish color spots, the peanuts are harvested in time by using a peanut sectional harvester, impurities are removed in time after harvesting, and the peanuts are aired to reduce the water content of the pods to below 9%.
Further, in step one, every 666.7m250kg of composted bio-organic fertilizer, 15kg of peanut peel, 15kg of urea, 15kg of potassium sulfate, 25kg of calcium superphosphate, 5kg of calcium oxide and 10cm of fertilizing depth.
Furthermore, in the second step, the peanut seeds and the peanut peel powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 500: 2, and the using amount of the peanut peel powder is adjusted, so that the heat generated by fermenting the peanut peel powder cannot damage the seeds.
Further, in the second step, the peanut seeds and the peanut hull powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 500: 3.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. by adopting the cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of the peanuts, the emergence rate of the peanuts with phosphate fertilizer applied at the initial stage of emergence is higher than that of the peanuts without phosphate fertilizer applied, and dynamic analysis on the emergence rate shows that the emergence rate of the peanuts with calcium superphosphate applied 22 days after sowing reaches more than 97 percent under the condition of early sowing; by additionally applying phosphate fertilizer, the peanut emergence time is earlier than that of the peanut without phosphate fertilizer treatment, the emergence rate is higher than that of the peanut without phosphate fertilizer treatment, the sowing time can be adjusted, the effect of improving the peanut emergence rate at low temperature is achieved, the low-temperature resistance of the seeds can be improved by additionally applying phosphate fertilizer, the fertilizing depth is 10-15 cm, the nutrient absorption of peanut pods is facilitated, meanwhile, peanut pericarp is added into the bio-organic fertilizer for composting, the utilization rate of the peanut pericarp can be effectively improved, and the peanut pericarp can increase the softness of soil, so that the seeds can emerge more easily;
2. according to the cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of the peanuts, the seeding time is advanced by 7-15 days through the seed coating, the yield increase is 43.69% -52.72%, the adaptability of the seeds to a low temperature environment can be improved by coating the seed with the coating, meanwhile, the peanut peel powder is matched with the seed coating for use, the peanut peel powder is uniformly dispersed outside the seed coating, the peanut peel powder can generate trace heat through underground fermentation, the heat preservation and insulation effects of the seed coating can be effectively enhanced, the low temperature resistance of the peanuts is improved, the seeding time can be advanced through the coating during spring sowing, the pod maturity is increased, and the peanut pod yield during the harvesting time is improved by more than 43%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the growth and development of peanuts in a seedling stage when the peanuts are suitable for early sowing;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the growth and development of peanuts in a seedling stage during normal sowing of the peanuts in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the influence of the coating agent on the yield of peanuts in the early sowing, the early-season suitable sowing and the normal sowing of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the planting test base is in Guilin Jizhuang City, and selects land blocks with deep soil layer, fertile plough layer and flat terrain.
The invention provides a cultivation process for improving low temperature resistance of peanuts, which comprises the following production steps:
the method comprises the following steps: soil preparation, ridging and fertilization: the ploughing depth is 20cm, and the rotary tillage plow is used for leveling along with ploughing to achieve the purposes of depth, loosening, fineness, crushing, flattening, no weed, no front stubble and timely ridging; and (4) ridging in autumn with the ridge distance of 60 cm. The fertilizer is applied once as base fertilizer, and the application amount is 666.7m2Using 50kg of composted bio-organic fertilizer and 15kg of peanut peel, then adding 15kg of urea, 15kg of potassium sulfate, 35kg of calcium superphosphate and 8kg of calcium oxide, and simultaneously setting a test control group without applying calcium superphosphate, wherein the fertilizing depth is 15 cm;
step two: seed treatment: the peanuts are planted in the sun for 2-3 days before husking, husked 7-10 days before sowing, and deinsectization, bud removal and rotten fruits are removed during husking; after husking, sowing first-stage seeds and second-stage seeds, before sowing, using 11% of refined shell, pyrrole, pyrimethanil, 600 g/L imidacloprid, 400 g/L of rust, thiram suspending agent for seed dressing and coating, then grinding peanut hulls, then proportioning the peanut seeds and the peanut hull powder according to the mass ratio of 500: 1-3, finally dispersing the peanut hull powder to the outer sides of the peanut seeds by using ultrasonic waves, and placing the peanut hulls in a shade for drying;
step three: selecting seeds of Jihua No. 4, pearl bean type peanuts, sowing density of 150000 holes/hectare, 2 seeds per hole, sowing in 2 periods, sowing when 5cm of ground temperature stably passes 8 ℃ and 12 ℃ continuously for 5 days, and sowing the seeds for 5 months, 7 days and 5 months, 15 days;
step four: spraying 0.2% monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution on leaf surfaces in the middle ten days of 7 months, spraying growth regulator once at the initial pod bearing stage of the peanuts when the height of a main stem reaches 35cm, and timely removing soil piles on the film into furrows when the peanuts are basically flush during film mulching cultivation; timely digging out lateral branches under the mulching film from the fourth leaf stage to before blooming; timely replanting is needed at the place with the deficient points;
the temperature required by pollination of the peanuts in the flowering phase is above 23 ℃, and the temperature lower than the optimal pollination temperature can reduce the pollination rate and influence the yield; spraying 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces in the middle 7 th-month ten days;
spraying a growth regulator once when the height of the main stem reaches 35cm at the initial pod bearing stage of the peanuts, and controlling once again when the height of the main stem exceeds 40cm after 10-15 days of pesticide application;
when the water content of soil in a 0-30 cm soil layer is lower than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity, watering at proper time to prevent drought; when the soil has more water, attention needs to be paid to draining waterlogging to prevent rotten fruits;
step five: when 65% of peanuts are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish and bluish color spots, harvesting in time by using a peanut sectional harvester; removing impurities and airing in time after harvesting, and reducing the water content of the pod to be below 9 percent.
Researching the influence of increasing phosphate fertilizer applied in 2 sowing periods (early sowing in due time, ground temperature of 8 ℃, normal sowing and ground temperature of 12 ℃) on the growth and development of the peanut seedling period; the investigation on the rate of emergence shows that the rate of emergence of the seedlings with the application of the calcium superphosphate is an exponential rising trend no matter the seedlings are sowed early or sowed normally, and the final rate of emergence is 100 percent; as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, under the early sowing condition, seedlings can emerge 12 days after the application of calcium superphosphate, 4 days earlier than the normal sowing; the emergence rate of the peanuts with the phosphate fertilizer applied is higher than that of the peanuts without the phosphate fertilizer applied, and dynamic analysis on the emergence rate shows that the emergence rate of the peanuts with the phosphate fertilizer applied 22 days after sowing reaches more than 97 percent under the condition of early sowing; through increasing and applying the phosphorus fertilizer, the time of emergence of peanut is earlier than not applying the phosphorus fertilizer and the rate of emergence is higher than not applying the phosphorus fertilizer and handling, can adjust the seeding time, reach the effect that improves the peanut rate of emergence under the low temperature, increase and apply the phosphorus fertilizer and can improve the low temperature resistant ability of seed, fertilization depth 10 ~ 15cm, be favorable to the absorption of peanut pod to the nutrient, added the peanut peel in bio-organic fertilizer simultaneously and carried out the compost, can effectively improve peanut peel utilization ratio, and the peanut peel can increase the soft degree of soil, make the seed more emerge easily.
The results of the yield investigation in autumn between phosphate fertilizer application and no phosphate fertilizer application for early sowing and normal sowing are shown in table one:
table one:
Figure BDA0002812152060000051
in autumn, as shown in Table 1, the yield of calcium superphosphate application is 4300kg/hm under the early sowing condition2The yield without applying calcium superphosphate is 3013kg/hm2The economic benefit is calculated by the market acquisition price in 2018 (6.0 yuan/kg of peanut pods), and compared with the method that the income per hectare is increased by 7724 yuan without applying phosphate fertilizer, the benefit is increased by 42.73%.
Example 2
The planting test base is in Guilin Jizhuang City, and selects land blocks with deep soil layer, fertile plough layer and flat terrain.
The invention provides a cultivation process for improving low temperature resistance of peanuts, which comprises the following production steps:
the method comprises the following steps: soil preparation, ridging and fertilization: the ploughing depth is 25cm, and the rotary tillage plow is used for leveling along with ploughing, so that the ploughing depth is deep, loose, fine, broken and flat, no weed exists, no front stubble is planted, and ridge forming is performed in time; and (4) ridging in autumn, wherein the ridge distance is between 60 cm. The fertilizer is applied once as base fertilizer, and the application amount is 666.7m250kg of composted bio-organic fertilizer, 15kg of peanut peel, 15kg of urea, 15kg of potassium sulfate, 25kg of calcium superphosphate, 5kg of calcium oxide and 10cm of fertilizing depth are used;
step two: the peanuts are planted in the sun for 3 days before husking, husked 7 days before sowing, and deinsectization, bud removal and rotten fruits are carried out during husking. After husking, selecting first-stage and second-stage seeds for sowing; before sowing, using 11% of refined methyl, pyrrole, pyrimethanil, 600 g/L imidacloprid, 400 g/L withered rust and thiram suspending agent for seed dressing and coating, then grinding peanut peel, then proportioning peanut seeds and peanut peel powder according to the mass ratio of 500: 1-3, finally dispersing the peanut peel powder to the outer side of the peanut seeds by using ultrasonic waves, and simultaneously setting non-coating treatment;
step three: selecting seeds of Jihua No. 25 and ordinary peanuts, wherein the seeding density is 120000-135000 holes/hectare, and each hole is 2 seeds; sowing in 3 periods when 5cm ground temperature stably passes 8 ℃, 12 ℃ and 15 ℃ for 5 days; the sowing date is 5 months and 1 day, 5 months and 7 days and 5 months and 15 days;
step four: spraying 0.2% monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces in the middle 7 th-month; spraying a growth regulator once at the initial pod bearing stage of the peanuts when the height of a main stem reaches 35cm, and timely removing soil piles on a film into furrows when the peanuts are basically flush during film mulching cultivation; timely digging out lateral branches under the mulching film from the fourth leaf stage to before blooming; timely replanting is needed at the place with the deficient points;
the temperature required by pollination of peanuts in the flowering phase is above 23 ℃, and the pollination rate is reduced and the yield is influenced when the temperature is lower than the optimal pollination temperature; spraying 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution on the leaf surfaces in the middle 7 th-month ten days;
spraying a growth regulator once when the height of the main stem reaches 35cm at the initial pod bearing stage of the peanuts, and controlling once again when the height of the main stem exceeds 40cm after 10-15 days of pesticide application;
when the water content of soil in a 0-30 cm soil layer is lower than 50% of the maximum water holding capacity, watering at proper time to prevent drought; when the soil has more water, attention needs to be paid to draining waterlogging to prevent rotten fruits;
step five: when 65% of peanuts are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish and bluish color spots, harvesting in time by using a peanut sectional harvester; removing impurities and airing in time after harvesting, and reducing the water content of the pod to be below 9 percent.
The influence of the coating agent on the flower production in 3 sowing periods (early sowing, ground temperature of 8 ℃, timely early sowing, ground temperature of 12 ℃, normal sowing and ground temperature of 15 ℃) is researched; as can be seen from FIG. 3, the seed yield was 5127 kg/hm at 1 day 5 months2The sowing yield is 4824 kg/hm in 5 months and 7 days2The sowing yield is 3357 kg/hm in 5 months and 15 days2The sowing time is advanced by 7-15 days through coating the seeds, the yield increase amplitude is 43.69% -52.72%, the adaptability of the seeds to a low-temperature environment can be improved by coating the seeds with the coating, and meanwhile, the peanut peel powder is matched with the seed coating for use, and the peanut peel powderThe peanut pod yield increasing agent is characterized in that materials are uniformly dispersed outside a seed coating, peanut peel powder can generate trace heat through underground fermentation, the heat preservation and heat insulation effects of the seed coating can be effectively enhanced, the low temperature resistance of peanuts is improved, the sowing period can be advanced through the coating when the peanuts are sowed in spring, the pod maturity is increased, and the peanut pod yield in the harvesting period is increased by more than 43%.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A cultivation process for improving low temperature resistance of peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following production steps:
the method comprises the following steps: soil preparation, ridging and fertilization: in the fertilizing process, each 666.7m250kg of composted bio-organic fertilizer and 13.5-15 kg of peanut peel are used, 13.5-15 kg of urea and 13.5-15 kg of potassium sulfate are added, and finally phosphate fertilizer-calcium superphosphate (P) is added2O5) 25-35 kg of calcium oxide (CaO) and 5-8 kg of calcium oxide (CaO), the low temperature resistance of the seeds is improved, the fertilizing depth is 10-15 cm, and the low temperature resistance is favorable forNutrient absorption by peanut pods;
step two: seed treatment: in the seed treatment process, peanuts are sunned for 2-3 days before being shelled, shelled for 7-10 days before being sowed, 11% of azoxystrobin, pyrimethanil, 600 g/l imidacloprid, 400 g/l withered rust and thiram suspending agents are used for dressing and coating before being sowed, then peanut hulls are ground, then the peanut seeds and the peanut hull powder are matched according to the mass ratio of 500: 1-3, and finally the peanut hull powder is dispersed to the outer sides of the peanut seeds by using ultrasonic waves, so that the adaptability of the seeds to a low-temperature environment is improved;
step three: sowing: in the sowing process, the planting density is properly increased, 2 seeds are planted in each hole, and the sowing period of the seeds can be advanced by 5-7 days through seed coating and phosphate fertilizer application;
step four: field management: in the field management process: carrying out film mulching cultivation, spraying 0.2-0.3% monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution on leaf surfaces in the middle 7 th of the month, timely controlling chemical, and paying attention to soil water shortage and waterlogging drainage;
step five: harvesting and airing.
2. The cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, the soil is ploughed to 20cm in depth, and is ploughed by a rotary tillage plow harrow along with the cultivated land to reach the depth, loose, thin, broken and flat without weeds, no front root stubble is made, timely ridging is carried out, ridge spacing is 60cm in autumn, and the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application.
3. The cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the peanuts are sun-planted for 3 days before husking, husked for 7 days before sowing, deinsectized, germinated and rotten fruits are removed during husking, and first-level and second-level seeds are selected for sowing after husking.
4. The cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the third step, the seeds are selected to be Jihua No. 4, pearl bean type peanuts, the seeding density is 150000 holes/hectare, 2 grains are planted in each hole, seeding is carried out in 2 periods when 5cm of ground temperature stably passes 8 ℃ and 12 ℃ continuously for 5 days, and the seeding date is 5 months, 7 days and 5 months, 15 days.
5. The cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, when the peanuts are basically flush, soil piles on the film are timely removed into furrow when the peanuts are basically flush, lateral branches under the mulching film are timely pulled out from the fourth leaf period to the front of flowering, and the positions with holes are timely replanted, in the fourth step, 0.2% monopotassium phosphate aqueous solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the middle ten days of 7 months, when the height of a main stem reaches 35cm at the initial pod setting stage of the peanuts, the growth regulator is sprayed once, and the chemical control can be carried out once again when the height of the main stem exceeds 40cm after 15 days of pesticide application.
6. The cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the fifth step, when more than 65% of the peanut shells are hardened and have clear reticulate patterns and the inner walls of the shells are brownish black spots, harvesting in time by using a peanut sectional harvester, removing impurities and airing in time after harvesting, and reducing the water content of the peanut shells to be below 9%.
7. The cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step one, every 666.7m250kg of composted bio-organic fertilizer, 15kg of peanut peel, 15kg of urea, 15kg of potassium sulfate, 25kg of calcium superphosphate, 5kg of calcium oxide and 10cm of fertilizing depth.
8. The cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the peanut seeds and the peanut hull powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 500: 2.
9. The cultivation process for improving the low temperature resistance of peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the second step, the peanut seeds and the peanut hull powder are mixed according to the mass ratio of 500: 3.
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CN104813830A (en) * 2015-04-28 2015-08-05 吉林省农业科学院 Low-temperature-resisting high-yield and high-efficiency peanut cultivation method
CN105474979A (en) * 2016-01-20 2016-04-13 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 Planting method of black peanuts
CN111165299A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-05-19 慈溪市农业科学研究所 Cultivation method suitable for fresh peanuts to come into market in spring festival in subtropical regions

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109816267A (en) * 2019-01-31 2019-05-28 中国农业科学院农业信息研究所 A kind of intelligence Soybean production management method and system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104813830A (en) * 2015-04-28 2015-08-05 吉林省农业科学院 Low-temperature-resisting high-yield and high-efficiency peanut cultivation method
CN105474979A (en) * 2016-01-20 2016-04-13 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 Planting method of black peanuts
CN111165299A (en) * 2020-02-25 2020-05-19 慈溪市农业科学研究所 Cultivation method suitable for fresh peanuts to come into market in spring festival in subtropical regions

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