CN112608383B - 一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体 - Google Patents
一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112608383B CN112608383B CN202110026588.8A CN202110026588A CN112608383B CN 112608383 B CN112608383 B CN 112608383B CN 202110026588 A CN202110026588 A CN 202110026588A CN 112608383 B CN112608383 B CN 112608383B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体ScFv‑rHRV及其制备方法和应用,以及编码该单链抗体的基因、含有该基因的载体和宿主细胞等。该抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体,是由抗体重链可变区和轻链可变区通过接头肽连接而成,并可通过原核表达系统进行高效表达。单链抗体ScFv‑rHRV的分子量约为28kD,能够特异识别牙鲆弹状病毒,可进一步用于该病毒的诊断、治疗制剂的开发和抗原表位研究。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程领域,具体涉及一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
牙鲆弹状病毒(Hirame rhabdovirus,HIRRV)为单股负链RNA病毒,是弹状病毒科粒外弹状病毒属新成员。HIRRV病毒粒子呈子弹状,长约160~180nm,宽约60~80nm,具有弹状病毒典型的形态学特征。1986年,HIRRV在日本兵库县的患病牙鲆和香鱼鱼苗中首次分离获得,随后陆续在中国、韩国等地发现了该病毒的存在。牙鲆弹状病毒主要感染牙鲆、香鱼,从幼鱼到成鱼均可被感染。感染鱼表现为鳍、肌肉组织及内部器官出血,造血器官坏死。人工感染试验发现,HIRRV对黑鲷、无备平鲉和虹鳟等海水鱼类或降河洄游鱼类也具有强烈致病性。目前,HIRRV已给全球海水养殖业造成了严重的经济损失。
病毒的检测方法主要有细胞学诊断技术、免疫学诊断技术、分子生物学诊断技术。单克隆抗体技术属于免疫学诊断技术,在病毒的检测方面得到了广泛应用。但单克隆抗体技术具有抗体基因容易丢失、抗体蛋白无法改造、工作量大等自身的一些缺陷。噬菌体抗体库逐渐成为一种重要的抗体制备技术,其原理是将抗体可变区基因与噬菌体衣壳蛋白基因连接,并表达在噬菌体表面,通过抗原对抗体库进行多轮亲和吸附,从中淘筛出所需的特异性抗体。PCR技术、噬菌体表面展示技术以及大肠杆菌重组表达技术促进了噬菌体抗体库技术的发展。通过PCR技术可以克隆出全套免疫球蛋白可变区基因,通过噬菌体表面展示技术可以将重组的免疫球蛋白可变区展示在噬菌体的表面,通过大肠杆菌重组表达技术可以将获得的特异性抗体进行重组、表达和大规模制备。因此,噬菌体抗体库技术可在较短的时间内开发出大量基因工程抗体,从而得到广泛应用。噬菌体抗体库技术开发的单链抗体ScFv仅仅是完整抗体的1/6,其分子量小可减少抗体的免疫原性,同时又是具有完全抗体结合位点的最小抗体片段。噬菌体抗体库技术的另一个优点是可以通过特异性抗体的基因序列,对蛋白质结构进行改造,从而设计出更优的改造抗体,通过基因工程技术可以对其进行大规模的生产。
本发明采用噬菌体抗体库技术筛选了一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体,并进一步对其进行了抗体结构改造,为牙鲆弹状病毒诊断试剂开发、新型药物研究和抗原表位鉴定等提供了基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体,从而弥补现有技术的不足。通过构建噬菌体展示单链抗体库,“富集-洗脱-富集”的循环操作,从中筛选得到一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体ScFv-HRV,并经进一步改造获得优化的单链抗体ScFv-rHRV,构建了表达单链抗体的基因工程菌,从而为采用生物工程的方法大量制备该单链抗体提供了基础。
本发明首先提供一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体ScFv-HRV,其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1;
编码上述蛋白的一种基因,其一种核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2;
改造的单链抗体ScFv-rHRV的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:3;
编码上述改造蛋白的一种基因,其一种核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:4;
本发明还提供一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体的制备方法,其制备步骤如下:
1)将抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体基因插入表达载体中,构建成重组表达质粒;
2)将构建的重组表达质粒转化宿主菌,构建重组基因工程菌,并进行单链抗体的重组表达;
3)对重组表达的单链抗体进行纯化,并开发牙鲆弹状病毒的诊断、治疗制剂。
本发明构建了表达抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体的重组菌株,经SDS-PAGE分析,表达出了28kD左右的重组目的蛋白。将重组蛋白纯化后可用于牙鲆弹状病毒的诊断、预防和治疗。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式来进一步描述本发明,但本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的技术方案的情况下可以对本发明的技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,这些修改和替换均落入本发明保护范围内。
实施例1抗牙鲆弹状病毒的噬菌体单链抗体库的构建
1、草鱼性腺细胞(GCO细胞)培养制备牙鲆弹状病毒,超速离心法进行病毒纯化后与弗氏完全佐剂1:1乳化,免疫BALB/c小鼠。14日后进行二免,免疫原为纯化的牙鲆弹状病毒与弗氏不完全佐剂1:1乳化制备。28日后进行三免。免疫原同二免。当小鼠的ELISA抗体效价达1:100000以上后,取小鼠脾脏,液氮研磨后加入Trizol试剂(每50-100mg脾脏加入1mlTrizol试剂),室温静置5min,加入0.2ml氯仿,反复剧烈振荡15s,室温静置2-3min。4℃,12000g/min离心15min,吸取水相于另一干净1.5ml的离心管中,加入0.5ml异丙醇颠倒混匀,于-20℃沉淀30-60min,12000g/min离心10min。保留沉淀,70%的乙醇洗涤1遍,空气中晾干,DEPC处理水溶解沉淀RNA。
2、基因组DNA的去除和反转录合成cDNA(采用天根公司的FastQuant cDNA第一条链合成试剂盒):
2.1基因组DNA的去除:按下述体系配制基因组DNA去除体系,彻底混匀。简短离心,并于42℃,孵育3min,然后放置于冰上。
5×gDNA Buffer 2μl
RNA模板 1μg
RNase-Free ddH2O 补足到10μl
2.2 cDNA的合成:按下述体系配制混合液,充分混匀。
将上述基因组DNA的去除体系和反转录体系混合,充分混匀,42℃孵育15min。95℃孵育3min后置于冰上,得到的cDNA可用于后继试验。
3、设计和合成的小鼠抗体轻、重链可变区扩增引物:
扩增单链抗体重链VH的引物:
VH上:5-GTCCTCGCAACTGCGGCCCAGCCGGCCATGGCCSAGGTSMARCTGCAGSAGTC-3;
VH下:5-GCCAGAGCCACCTCCGCCTGAACCGCCTCCACCTGAGGAGACGGTGACCGTGGT-3。
扩增单链抗体轻链VL的引物:
VL上:5-TCAGGCGGAGGTGGCTCTGGCGGTGGCGGATCGGACATYGAGCTCACYCAGTCTCC-3
VL下:5-GAGTCATTCTGCGGCCGCCCGTTTBAKYTCCARCTTKGTSCC-3。
备注:B=T、C、G;K=T、G;M=A、C;R=A、G;S=G、C;W=A、T;Y=C、T。
用上述引物分别扩增上述cDNA模板,胶回收获得其轻、重链可变区基因片段。
4、将上述扩增到的VH和VL基因片断分别用1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳进行分离、回收,然后将VH和VL等量混合作为模板进行重叠延伸PCR(SOE-PCR)以装配ScFv片断,条件为94℃1min变性、55℃1min退火、72℃1min延伸,共30个循环。PCR产物即为单链抗体基因片断,VH和VL基因之间是15个氨基酸的linker序列:GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS。
5、将胶回收的ScFv基因和pCANTAB5E载体分别双酶切(Sfi I和Not I)后连接,将连接产物转化到100μl TG1感受态细胞,然后加入900μl 37℃预热的2×YT培养基,37℃振荡培养1h。取上步转化后培养的菌液100μl,用2×YT培养液做梯度倍比稀释,涂布SOB-AG平板,30℃培养过夜。计数平板上的单菌落数,推算抗体库库容量为1×108。剩余的转化后培养的菌液,加入10ml 2×YT培养液(含2%的葡萄糖和100μg/ml的Amp),37℃培养至对数生长期,加入2×1010噬菌体M13K07,37℃培养1h后离心(4000g/min,10min)。沉淀重悬于200ml2×YT培养液(含100μg/ml的Amp和50μg/ml的卡那霉素),37℃振荡培养过夜。4000g/min离心10min后,加入1/5体积量的PEG/NaCl(20%的PEG8000,2.5mol/L的NaCl)于4℃沉淀噬菌体30min,9000g/min离心20min,将沉淀噬菌体重悬于2ml含10g/L BSA的PBS中,12000g/min离心5min,上清经0.45μm滤膜过滤,即获得噬菌体单链抗体库。
实施例2单链抗体多样性的分析
随机挑取10个克隆,摇菌扩增后提取质粒,用Sfi I和Not I双酶切,初步鉴定出阳性克隆。以S1(S1:5-CAACGTGAAAAAATTATTATT-3)、S6(S6:5-GTAAATGAATTTTCTGTATGAGG-3)为引物扩增后进行测序分析,10个克隆的测序结果序列均与小鼠免疫球蛋白可变区序列一致,符合小鼠轻重链可变区基因结构,排列方式为VH-Linker-VL。其中VH部分为357-367bp左右,VL为320-330bp左右,重链和轻链之间的linker碱基序列全部正确。序列比对表明其同源性达88%以上。
实施例3抗牙鲆弹状病毒单链抗体库的富集
1、将牙鲆弹状病毒液按1:5(体积比)稀释,用碳酸盐包被缓冲液包被到免疫管,2ml/管,4℃过夜。
2、包被完毕,用PBS洗管3次,拍干;用封闭(2%脱脂乳PBS,MPBS)封闭免疫管,37℃封闭2小时。
3、倾去封闭液,用PBS洗管3次,拍干;
4、将上述已获得的初级噬菌体单链抗体库上清,按照MPBS:上清=2:3的体积比将MPBS和噬菌体上清进行混匀,在室温下进行去干扰化处理20min。
5、将4中处理好液体加入封闭好的免疫管,2ml/管,轻摇温育30min后,再静置温育1.5小时。
6、弃免疫管内噬菌体上清,用PBST洗涤3次,再用PBS洗涤3次,拍干。
7、加入甘氨酸-盐酸(pH2.2)洗脱液,2ml/管,37℃作用6min后,迅速加入Tris缓冲液(2mol/L pH 7.4),200μl/管中和洗脱下来的噬菌体溶液,再加入2ml新鲜的TG1菌液(OD600值约为0.5),37℃作用1h。完成了第一轮淘筛,获得了一级抗体库。
8、取部分菌液做10倍梯度稀释后,涂布SOB-AG板计算输出的噬菌体淘筛量,剩余菌液加入终浓度为100μg/ml Amp和2%葡萄糖,同时加入约4×1010M13K07噬菌体,静置温育30min后,再250rpm/min振荡培养30min;1000g/min离心10min,去上清,用100ml 2×YT-AK轻悬细胞,37℃,250rpm/min,培养过夜,开始下一轮淘筛。
9、最终经过3轮淘筛,取获得的菌液,用2×YT培养基做梯度倍比稀释,取稀释液100μl涂布SOB-AG平板,30℃培养过夜;
选取大约有100-200个左右菌落的平板,计算菌落数目,乘以稀释倍数,即得相应库容。经过3轮特异性富集淘筛,获得了滴度约为1.8×107pfu/ml的噬菌体重组抗体库。剩余菌液加入无菌甘油至终浓度20%,混匀后,-70℃冻存,标记为三级抗体库。
实施例5单链抗体的检测及强阳性株的筛选
取72个1.5ml的离心管置培养架上作为培养板,每孔加入2×YT-AG培养基400μl;挑取上述中的SOB-AG平板上长出的单个菌落,接种至上面各孔中,此板标记为MasterPlate;将Master Plate置于摇床,30℃,250rpm/min,振荡培养过夜;次日,另取72孔培养板,取400μl含有2.5×1010pfu/ml M13K07的2×YT-AG培养液至每孔,此板标为P1 Plate;从过夜培养的Master Plate上每孔取40μl培养液至P1 Plate;将P1 Plate置于摇床,37℃,150rpm/min,振荡培养2小时,1500rpm/min离心20min,小心去上清;向P1 Plate每孔加入400μl 2×YT-AK培养液,37℃,250rpm/min,振荡培养过夜;1500rpm/min离心20min,小心取上清待用。
将超速离心获得的牙鲆弹状病毒4℃包被酶标板过夜,MPBS封闭,洗涤后,以上面获得噬菌体液为一抗,37℃孵育2h,HRP标记的抗M13单抗为二抗,37℃反应1h,洗涤后加入TMB显色液,37℃反应30min,加入2M硫酸终止显色,酶标仪450nm波长下测OD值,设M13K07包被对照孔(阳性对照)和空白包被对照孔,找出阳性克隆(OD值≥0.3且OD值/OD空白孔≥3可以确定为阳性克隆)。ELISA测定各孔上清与牙鲆弹状病毒的结合情况,结果发现21株克隆与抗原有阳性反应,初步确定这21株重组克隆为阳性,其中一株噬菌体抗体为强阳性,命名为ScFv-HRV株。
提取ScFv-HRV克隆的重组质粒,以S1、S6为引物做PCR鉴定,目的片段用胶回收试剂盒回收后送公司测序,测序结果表明目的ScFv序列排列方式为VH-Linker-VL,序列比对发现符合小鼠轻重链可变区基因结构。在Genebank中进行Blast同源性比较,发现最大同源性只为91.77%,表明发生了氨基酸的变化,是一个新的鼠单链抗体ScFv,其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1,核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2。
实施例6新型单链抗体ScFv-rHRV的获得
根据生物软件的蛋白结构预测信息,为提高单链抗体ScFv-HRV的亲和力,将ScFv-HRV的42位精氨酸(R)变成苏氨酸(T)、52位酪氨酸(Y)变成丙氨酸(A)、69位赖氨酸(K)变成精氨酸(R)、101位丝氨酸(S)变成酪氨酸(Y)、215位谷氨酰胺(Q)变成赖氨酸(K)和227位精氨酸(R)变成苯丙氨酸(F)。将改造后获得的单链抗体命名为ScFv-rHRV,其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:3,核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:4。
实施例7改造后的单链抗体ScFv-rHRV与原始单链抗体ScFv-HRV的原核表达
1、单链抗体ScFv-HRV基因片段的扩增及改造前后重组质粒的鉴定
根据ScFv-HRV的基因序列设计一对引物,两端分别加上BamHI和Hind III内切酶:
HRV-P1:5-CCAGGATCCATGGCTCAGGTTCAG-3
HRV-P2:5-CCGAAGCTTTTATTTGATTTCCAG-3
加入下列试剂进行扩增:
纯化PCR产物,与蛋白表达载体pET-28a分别酶切后连接,并转入TOP10菌株接种到含卡那霉素的LB培养基中,37℃震荡过夜,提取重组质粒酶切鉴定。
将改造后的ScFv-rHRV全基因合成,两端分别加上BamHI和Hind III内切酶,与蛋白表达载体pET-28a分别酶切后连接,并转入TOP10菌株接种到含卡那霉素的LB培养基中,37℃震荡过夜,提取重组质粒酶切鉴定。
将鉴定好的pET28a-ScFv-HRV、pET28a-ScFv-rHRV送公司测序,结果正确无误。
2、单链抗体ScFv-HRV、ScFv-rHRV的原核表达及纯化
将鉴定好的重组质粒pET28a-ScFv-HRV、pET28a-ScFv-rHRV分别转入BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌中,在37℃培养至菌液吸光度约0.6时,加IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白,20℃诱导8h,以未加IPTG菌液作对照,进行SDS-PAGE检测蛋白表达情况。目的蛋白主要以可溶形式表达,采用镍柱纯化,具体步骤如下:
(1)诱导表达后菌液产物经4℃,8000rpm/min离心15min,去除上清。
(2)用0.1倍培养基体积的Wash Buffer(20mM Tris,pH7.5,10mM EDTA)重悬沉淀,充分混匀。
(3)冰上操作,超声裂解细菌。
(4)10000rpm/min离心10min,收集超声破碎上清。
(5)镍柱纯化,咪唑洗脱。将收集的重组蛋白洗脱液放入透析袋,PBS液作为透析外液,透析脱盐后即得单链抗体ScFv-HRV、ScFv-rHRV。
(6)考马斯亮蓝法分别测定蛋白浓度,用PBS液调整为1mg/ml,-20℃保存。
实施例8间接ELISA检测重组单链抗体的活性
按照最佳包被条件,将纯化的牙鲆弹状病毒4℃包被酶标板过夜;弃包被液,用PBST洗涤2次,拍干酶标板;加入MPBS至满孔,37℃封闭1.5h;弃封闭液,用PBST洗涤3次,拍干酶标板;分别加上不同稀释度的重组单链抗体ScFv-HRV、ScFv-rHRV,同时设立PBS液作为阴性对照,37℃反应1h;弃重组抗体液,用PBST洗涤3次,拍干酶标板;将HRP标记抗His的抗体用PBS做1:4000稀释,100μl/孔,37℃孵育反应1h;弃酶标抗体液,用PBST洗涤3次,拍干酶标板;显色:加入100μl/孔TMB显色液,37℃孵育显色15min;终止:用100μl/孔终止液,终止显色,在450nm处测吸光值。结果见表1。
间接ELISA结果表明,原核表达的单链抗体ScFv-HRV、ScFv-rHRV均与牙鲆弹状病毒具有较强的结合能力,其中经过氨基酸改造获得的单链抗体ScFv-rHRV与牙鲆弹状病毒的结合能力明显优于单链抗体ScFv-HRV。
表1:间接ELISA检测改造前后重组单链抗体的活性
实施例9阻断ELISA检测重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV的活性
按照最佳包被条件,将纯化的牙鲆弹状病毒(HIRRV)包被96孔板,4℃包被过夜后用MPBS封闭。将HIRRV病毒液按8倍、4倍、2倍、1倍包被浓度设置4个梯度,每一梯度设立阻断孔和非阻断孔,各为三重复。HIRRV病毒液与重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV液各50μl在孔外室温反应30min,移至阻断孔,PBS液与重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV液同样反应后移至非阻断孔,37℃反应1h;弃反应液,用PBST洗涤3次,拍干酶标板;将HRP标记抗His的抗体用PBS做1:4000稀释,100μl/孔,37℃孵育反应1h;弃酶标抗体液,用PBST洗涤3次,拍干酶标板;显色:加入100μl/孔TMB显色液,37℃孵育显色15min;终止:用100μl/孔终止液,终止显色,在450nm处测吸光值。结果显示用来阻断的病毒浓度越高,剩下能够与已包被在ELISA板上的病毒反应的单链抗体量越少,ELISA的OD450值越小,结果见表2。
重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV与HIRRV病毒结合反应的特异性良好,有阻断作用。
表2:阻断ELISA检测重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV的活性
实施例10基于单链抗体ScFv-rHRV的双抗夹心ELISA法检测HIRRV病毒
将重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV包被96孔板,同时设立空白包被孔作为阴性对照,4℃包被过夜。MPBS封闭,洗涤后加入纯化的HIRRV病毒,各做三个重复,37℃反应1h,洗涤后加入抗HIRRV病毒的兔血清(1:10000稀释),37℃反应1h,洗涤后加入HRP标记的羊抗兔抗体,37℃反应1h,同上显色及测定OD450值。结果见表3。
结果表明,建立的双抗夹心ELISA法可以用于检测HIRRV病毒抗原,显示了良好的敏感性。
表3:双夹心ELISA法检测HIRRV病毒抗原
实施例11重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV的特异性试验
将纯化的牙鲆弹状病毒(HIRRV)、传染性造血器官坏死病毒(IHNV)、病毒性出血性败血症病毒(VHSV)、鲤春血症病毒(SVCV)包被96孔板,4℃包被过夜。MPBS封闭,洗涤后加入重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV作为一抗,37℃反应1h,洗涤。将HRP标记抗His的抗体用PBS做1:4000稀释,100μl/孔,37℃孵育反应1h;弃酶标抗体液,用PBST洗涤3次,拍干酶标板;显色:加入100μl/孔TMB显色液,37℃孵育显色15min;终止:用100μl/孔终止液,终止显色,在450nm处测吸光值。结果见表4。
结果表明,所筛选的重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV仅能够与牙鲆弹状病毒发生反应,而与其他鱼类病毒反应无信号,证明其具有病毒识别特异性。
表4:重组单链抗体ScFv-rHRV的特异性
序列表
<110> 青岛农业大学
<120> 一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体
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Claims (7)
1.一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体,其特征在于,所述的单链抗体的氨基酸序列为SEQID NO:1。
2.一种多核苷酸,其特征在于,所述的多核苷酸编码权利要求1所述的单链抗体。
3.如权利要求2所述的多核苷酸,其特征在于,所述的多核苷酸的序列为SEQ ID NO:2。
4.一种抗牙鲆弹状病毒的单链抗体,其特征在于,所述的单链抗体的氨基酸序列为SEQID NO:3。
5.一种多核苷酸,其特征在于,所述的多核苷酸编码权利要求4所述的单链抗体。
6.如权利要求5所述的多核苷酸,其特征在于,所述的多核苷酸的序列为SEQ ID NO:4。
7.权利要求1或4所述的单链抗体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法包括有如下的步骤:
1) 将单链抗体基因连入原核表达载体中,构建成重组表达质粒;
2) 将构建的重组表达质粒转化宿主菌,构建能表达单链抗体的重组基因工程菌,用该重组基因工程菌表达出单链抗体。
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