CN112608181A - Special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112608181A CN112608181A CN202011497619.XA CN202011497619A CN112608181A CN 112608181 A CN112608181 A CN 112608181A CN 202011497619 A CN202011497619 A CN 202011497619A CN 112608181 A CN112608181 A CN 112608181A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention provides a special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts comprises slow-release polyurethane coated urea, and the slow-release polyurethane coated urea comprises the following components in parts by weight: large granular urea; a first functional layer coating the large granular urea; the first functional layer is composed of the following raw materials: soybean oil, castor oil, chlorpyrifos technical material, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid; and a second functional layer coating the first functional layer; the second functional layer is composed of the following raw materials: toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol, diethyltoluene diamine, triethylene diamine, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The special high-efficiency slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts can realize the high-efficiency release of fertilizer nutrients and pesticides in the later period of peanuts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The covering cultivation technology is commonly adopted in the northern peanut planting, the low-temperature spring drought resistance is realized, the growth and development of the peanuts are promoted, the peanut quality is improved, and the premature delivery is improved. The peanut base fertilizer is particularly important, and generally needs one-time fertilization to meet the requirement of the fertilizer in the whole growth period. The common controlled release fertilizer special for peanuts at present is generally a granular coated fertilizer and is prepared by mixing with other conventional granular fertilizers. At present, the common mixture with stable effect comprises polyurethane coated urea, granular nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and the like. The coated controlled release fertilizer controls the release rate by changing the thickness and the structure of the film. After the nutrients of the polyurethane coated urea reach the release period, the nutrients are dissolved and diffused by soil solution entering the fertilizer to release the nutrients, and the release rate generally needs to gradually rise for a period of time to reach a peak under the influence of a membrane structure.
The soil insects of peanuts are one of the key factors influencing the yield, and mainly comprise grubs, cutworms, mole crickets, wireworms and the like. Grubs mainly damage peanuts in the middle and later stages, generally hatch from late 7 months to middle, damage fruit needles and young fruits, and often cause the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking of the peanuts. In the middle and late 7 months of the vigorous incubation period of the grubs and in the early 8 months of the low-age larva period of the grubs, the optimal period for pesticide control is provided, the optimal effect cannot be achieved due to the fact that the pesticide is used for soil treatment after the optimal period enters the middle and later growth periods of the peanuts, and the workload is large. The conventional pesticide chlorpyrifos prevention and control has a lasting period of 30 days in soil, is used for dressing seeds or treating soil at the early stage, and prevents and controls underground pests at the early stage of peanut, but the pesticide effect of the common pesticide chlorpyrifos can not be maintained to the middle and later stage of peanut growth.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a special high-efficiency slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, which can realize high-efficiency release of fertilizer nutrients and pesticides in the later period of peanuts.
The embodiment of the invention provides a special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, which comprises slow-release polyurethane coated urea, wherein the slow-release polyurethane coated urea comprises the following components in percentage by weight: large granular urea; a first functional layer coating the large granular urea; the first functional layer is composed of the following raw materials: soybean oil, castor oil, chlorpyrifos technical material, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid; and a second functional layer coating the first functional layer; the second functional layer is composed of the following raw materials: toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol, diethyltoluene diamine, triethylene diamine, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. According to the invention, by using the pesticide fertilizer containing the slow-release polyurethane coated urea as the base fertilizer, after the release period is reached, the nutrients and the pesticide can be efficiently released, the nutrient utilization rate and the pest control effect of the pesticide are improved, the yield and the quality of the peanuts are improved, the time and the labor are saved, and the efficient release of the fertilizer nutrients and the pesticide in the later period of the peanuts can be realized.
According to the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first functional layer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight (the components are the raw material components of the first functional layer, and the total component is 100 parts):
in the invention, citric acid is dissolved in water to ionize acid radical ions, and can react with sodium bicarbonate to release a large amount of CO2Gas, forming a disintegrating action. Big (a)The generation of gas can burst the slow release film layer, promote the diffusion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients and chlorpyrifos medicaments to the outside of the fertilizer film, and realize the efficient release of the nutrients and the medicaments. Moreover, by using the first functional layer prepared from the above components as raw materials, grub, cutworm, mole cricket, wireworm and the like can be prevented and controlled. In particular, the chlorpyrifos crude drug adopted by the invention is an efficient, broad-spectrum, medium-low-toxicity organophosphorus insecticide, has the effects of contact poisoning, stomach poisoning and fumigation, can better solve the influence of grub hatching period and low-age larvae on peanut roots and needle fruits, achieves the effect of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, avoids peanut seedling shortage and ridge breaking, and improves the yield and quality of peanuts, and saves time and labor.
According to the special high-efficiency slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the second functional layer is composed of the following raw materials (the components are the raw material components of the second functional layer, and the total component is 100 parts): toluene diisocyanate (23-26 parts), polyether polyol (57-80 parts), diethyl toluene diamine (0.2-0.3 part), triethylene diamine (0.1-0.2 part), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (3-6 parts); preferably, the weight ratio of toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol, diethyltoluene diamine, triethylene diamine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate is 25: 68: 0.2: 0.2: 5.
the second functional layer prepared by adopting the components as raw materials can coat the first functional layer and the large-particle urea, so that chlorpyrifos technical product and the large-particle urea nutrient can be released as required to achieve the high-efficiency release of fertilizer nutrient and pesticide, and particularly, the grubs of peanuts in the next needle period and the expansion period can be better solved by adopting the toluene diisocyanate, the polyether polyol, the diethyl toluene diammonium, the triethylene diammonium and the polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate in the proportion, the slow release function of the prepared slow release fertilizer and slow release nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to start to be slowly released in the middle ten days of 6 months, the maximum release rate is reached in the middle ten days of 7 months, and the maximum release amount is reached in the middle ten days of 8 months, so that the best insect prevention effect is achieved by using the least amount of medicament. And simultaneously, the environmental pollution caused by excessive pesticide application is avoided. Meanwhile, the flowering phase and the fruiting expansion phase are the periods when the nutrients of the peanuts are absorbed most, and the nutrient release rule is the same as the chlorpyrifos release rule, so that the nutrient requirement of the peanuts is met.
According to the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the weight ratio of the large-particle urea to the first functional layer to the second functional layer is 75-85: 15-20: 2.5-4.
According to the invention, by adopting the layers and the proportional relation, the fertilizer nutrient and the chlorpyrifos crude drug have slow release performance, and particularly, the release time and release amount of the nutrient and the chlorpyrifos crude drug can be better met with the growth requirement of peanuts by controlling the spraying frequency of the second functional layer, so that the effect of controlling grubs and cutworms of cutworms can be achieved.
According to the special high-efficiency slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts provided by the embodiment of the invention, the special high-efficiency slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts further comprises the following components: granular urea, polypeptide urea, granular ammonium sulfate, granular diammonium, granular potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, boric acid, ammonium heptamolybdate, granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and granular chlorpyrifos granular preparation.
According to the special high-efficiency slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts provided by the embodiment of the invention, the special high-efficiency slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight (the components are all raw material components for preparing the pesticide fertilizer, and the total component is 100 parts):
according to the invention, the slow-release polyurethane coated urea is combined with other components, so that the fertilizer requirement of the peanuts in the whole growth period can be met, and particularly, the peanuts are very sensitive to medium and trace elements such as calcium, zinc, boron, molybdenum and the like. Particularly, the special slow-release polyurethane coated urea is matched with the chlorpyrifos granular preparation, so that common pests and diseases of peanuts such as grubs, cutworms and the like can be better solved, the ridges of the peanuts are prevented from being broken, the peanuts die, and the whole process of the peanuts is controlled to require fertilizer. The prepared fertilizer can meet the requirement of controlling the whole growth period of the peanuts and improve the yield and quality of the peanuts.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the special high-efficiency slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, which comprises the following steps of: and the first functional layer and the second functional layer are sequentially coated on the large-particle urea.
The preparation method of the special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: 1) adding chlorpyrifos technical material into soybean oil and castor oil, mixing and dissolving, then adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, and stirring to obtain an oil suspension;
2) atomizing the oil suspension liquid obtained in the step 1) and spraying the atomized oil suspension liquid onto the surface of large-particle urea to obtain a granular fertilizer;
3) and (3) respectively atomizing and spraying toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol, diethyl toluene diamine triethylene diamine and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate on the surface of the granular fertilizer obtained in the step 2), reacting, curing and forming a film, and repeatedly spraying to obtain the drug-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea.
According to the preparation method of the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, provided by the embodiment of the invention, in the step 1), chlorpyrifos original drug, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid are respectively subjected to superfine grinding to 10-25 micrometers in advance.
The preparation method of the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, provided by the embodiment of the invention, further comprises the following steps: 10-27 parts of slow-release polyurethane coated urea, 2-20 parts of large-particle urea, 0-20 parts of polypeptide urea, 0-22 parts of granular ammonium sulfate, 21-43 parts of granular diammonium, 19-38 parts of granular potassium sulfate, 0.1-1 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1 part of boric acid, 0.01-0.05 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5-15 parts of granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and 5-25 parts of chlorpyrifos granules are mixed to prepare the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts.
The invention provides a special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, which realizes the common slow release of nutrients and a pesticide by a polyurethane-coated nutrient and pesticide technology, realizes the high-efficiency release of the nutrients and the pesticide in a release period by an aid, a disintegration technology and a specific processing technology, meets the nutrient requirement of the peanuts in the later growth period, and has a better control effect on underground pests in the later growth period of the peanuts.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts provided by the invention has at least the following advantages: 1) the fertilizer is designed according to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required by peanut growth and medium trace elements, and meets the requirement of the peanut on nutrients. Contains macroelements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium necessary for peanut growth, secondary elements of calcium, magnesium and sulfur, and trace elements of boron, zinc and molybdenum. Peanuts belong to calcium-loving crops, and calcium plays an extremely important role in pod and seed development. Boron can increase the number of nodules and fruiting bodies, molybdenum can increase the number of nodules, the nodules are formed early, plants are robust, the fruits are more, the kernel yield is high, and zinc can promote the growth of peanuts. 2) The use saves time and labor. The nutrient is composed of quick-acting nutrients and slow-release long-acting nutrients with multiple release periods, and can meet the requirement of the peanut on nutrition in the whole growth period. The pesticide and fertilizer are integrated, so that underground pests in the later period of the peanuts can be effectively prevented and treated, and the prevention and treatment work in the middle and later periods is reduced or avoided. 3) The late nutrients and the medicament can be released efficiently. After the nutrient release period is reached, the soil solution permeates into the granules through the polyurethane coating. The citric acid inside is dissolved in water to ionize acid radical ions, and can react with sodium bicarbonate to release a large amount of CO2Gas, forming a disintegrating action. The generation of a large amount of gas can burst the polyurethane coating, promote the diffusion of nutrients and medicaments to the outside of the fertilizer and realize the efficient release of the nutrients and the medicaments. Particularly, the pesticide effect of the chlorpyrifos can be remarkably improved, the chlorpyrifos is slightly soluble in water and is difficult to diffuse to the outside of the fertilizer through a soil solution in a natural state, and the pesticide-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea can well solve the problem of diffusion of the chlorpyrifos and improve the pesticide effect of the chlorpyrifos due to the disintegration generated after the pesticide-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea enters a release period. In addition, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and fatty alcohol polyoxyThe vinyl ether synergist is also beneficial to the diffusion and permeation of nutrients and medicaments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications. The instruments and the like are conventional products which are purchased by normal distributors and are not indicated by manufacturers. The process is conventional unless otherwise specified, and the starting materials are commercially available from the open literature. The examples do not show the specific techniques or conditions, according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field, or according to the product specifications.
In the following examples, large granular urea (agricultural grade, N is more than or equal to 46.4%), polypeptide urea (N is more than or equal to 46%), ammonium sulfate granules (agricultural grade, N is more than or equal to 20.5%), diammonium granules (agricultural grade, N + P)2O5Not less than 64%), granular potassium sulfate (agricultural grade, K)2O is more than or equal to 50 percent), granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer (CaO is more than or equal to 20 percent, Mg is more than or equal to 5 percent, SiO2Not less than 30 percent), zinc sulfate monohydrate (industrial grade, Zn not less than 34 percent), boric acid (industrial grade, B not less than 17 percent), ammonium heptamolybdate (agricultural grade, Mo not less than 54 percent), chlorpyrifos (technical grade, chlorpyrifos content not less than 98 percent), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (industrial grade, content not less than 98 percent), fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (industrial grade), sodium bicarbonate (industrial grade), citric acid (industrial grade), toluene diisocyanate (industrial grade), polyether polyol (industrial grade), diethyl toluene diamine (industrial grade) and chlorpyrifos granules (effective content 5 percent).
Example 1 (containing 0.5% of SuxiaoDursban, 0.53% of Slow-Release Dursban, with disintegrating agent)
The embodiment provides a special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: firstly, respectively carrying out superfine grinding on chlorpyrifos raw material, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid raw material to 10-25 micrometers. Adding a proper amount of solvent soybean oil 38 parts and castor oil 30 parts into a reaction kettle, adding chlorpyrifos 25 parts of original drug, fully dissolving the original drug in the solvent through double shearing and mixing, adding synergist sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate 3 parts, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether 2 parts, sodium bicarbonate 1.5 parts and citric acid 0.5 part, fully stirring and shearing to form an oil suspension.
Step 2: the method comprises the following steps of atomizing an oil suspension liquid by utilizing compressed air by utilizing rotary drum equipment with a shoveling plate, spraying the atomized oil suspension liquid onto the surface of the large-particle urea, and controlling the weight ratio of the oil suspension to the large-particle urea to be 17: 80.5.
and step 3: the granulated fertilizer obtained in the step 2 enters a rotary drum device with a shoveling plate for preheating; 24 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 70 parts of polyether polyol, 0.2 part of diethyl toluene diamine, 0.1 part of triethylene diamine and 5.7 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate are melted and respectively atomized and sprayed on the surfaces of fertilizer particles, so that various components react on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles and are solidified into a film. After the polyurethane coating liquid is solidified, repeatedly coating for 3 times, and controlling the weight ratio of the coating liquid (second functional layer) to the large-particle urea to be 2.5: 80.5, the weight ratio of the urea to the large-particle urea sprayed on the first functional layer is 2.5: 97.5, obtaining the drug-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea, wherein the N content is 37 percent, and the release period is 60 days.
And 4, step 4: according to 6 parts of large-particle urea, 7 parts of polypeptide urea and 12 parts of ammonium sulfate granules, 12 parts of drug-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea produced by the specific process, 20 parts of granular diammonium, 27 parts of granular potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.48 part of boric acid, 0.02 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and 10 parts of chlorpyrifos granules are added into a mixer to be fully mixed, and the product is prepared.
The specifications of the samples obtained in this example were: 16.5-9.2-13.5 percent (namely the mass percentage of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively 16.5 percent, 9.2 percent and 13.5 percent), 0.5 percent of quick-acting chlorpyrifos, 0.5 percent of slow-release chlorpyrifos and a disintegrating agent in 60 days of slow-release period.
Comparative example 1 (Chlorpyrifos-free preparation)
Adding a mixer into 2 parts of large-particle urea, 2 parts of polypeptide urea, 33 parts of granular ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of common polyurethane coated urea (N is more than or equal to 43, the release period is 60 days), 20 parts of granular diammonium, 27 parts of granular potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.48 part of boric acid, 0.02 part of ammonium heptamolybdate and 5 parts of granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, and fully mixing to obtain the product.
The specifications of the sample obtained in this comparative example are: 16.5-9.2-13.5, and no disintegrant in the slow release period of 60 days.
Comparative example 2 (containing 0.5% of SuxiaoDursban)
Adding 3.3 parts of large-particle urea, 7 parts of polypeptide urea, 14.7 parts of ammonium sulfate granules, 12 parts of common polyurethane coated urea (N is more than or equal to 43, the release period is 60 days), 20 parts of granular diammonium, 27 parts of granular potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.48 part of boric acid, 0.02 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5 parts of granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and 10 parts of chlorpyrifos granules into a mixer for fully mixing to obtain the product.
The specifications of the sample obtained in this comparative example are: 16.5-9.2-13.5 percent, the content of the quick-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.5 percent, and no disintegrating agent is contained in the sustained-release period of 60 days.
Comparative example 3 (containing 1.0% of quick-acting chlorpyrifos)
Adding 16.7 parts of large-particle urea, 12 parts of common polyurethane coated urea (N is more than or equal to 43, the release period is 60 days), 20 parts of granular diammonium, 27 parts of granular potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.48 part of boric acid, 0.02 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 3.3 parts of granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and 20 parts of chlorpyrifos granules into a mixer for fully mixing to obtain the product.
The specifications of the sample obtained in this comparative example are: 16.5-9.2-13.5 percent, and the content of the quick-acting chlorpyrifos is 1.0 percent. Comparative example 4 (containing 0.5% of Suxiao chlorpyrifos, 0.5% of Slow-release chlorpyrifos, 60 days of slow-release period, no disintegrating agent)
Step 1: firstly, carrying out ultrafine grinding on a chlorpyrifos raw material to 10-25 microns. Adding a proper amount of solvent 40 parts of soybean oil and 30 parts of castor oil into a reaction kettle, adding 25 parts of chlorpyrifos crude drug, adding 3 parts of synergist sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and 2 parts of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, performing double shearing mixing to fully dissolve the crude drug in the solvent, and fully stirring and shearing to form an oil suspension.
Step 2: the method comprises the following steps of atomizing an oil suspension liquid by utilizing compressed air by utilizing rotary drum equipment with a shoveling plate, spraying the atomized oil suspension liquid onto the surface of the large-particle urea, and controlling the proportion of the oil suspension to the large-particle urea to be 17: 80.5.
and step 3: the granulated fertilizer obtained in the step 2 enters a rotary drum device with a shoveling plate for preheating; melting 24 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 70 parts of polyether polyol, 0.2 part of diethyl toluene diamine, 0.1 part of triethylene diamine and 5.7 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, and then putting the granulated fertilizer obtained in the step 2 into rotary drum equipment with a shoveling plate for preheating; toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol and diethyl toluene diamine are respectively atomized and sprayed on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles to enable various components to react on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles, and the components are solidified to form a film. After the polyurethane coating liquid is solidified, repeatedly coating for 3 times, and controlling the weight ratio of the coating liquid (second functional layer) to the large-particle urea to be 2.5: 80.5, the weight ratio of the large-particle urea of the second functional layer to the first functional layer coating is as follows: 2.5: 97.5, obtaining the drug-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea, wherein the N content is 37 percent, and the release period is 60 days.
And 4, step 4: according to 6 parts of large-particle urea, 7 parts of polypeptide urea and 12 parts of ammonium sulfate granules, 12 parts of drug-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea produced by the specific process, 20 parts of granular diammonium, 27 parts of granular potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.48 part of boric acid, 0.02 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 10 parts of granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and 10 parts of chlorpyrifos granules are added into a mixer to be fully mixed, and the product is prepared.
The specifications of the sample obtained in this comparative example are: 16.5-9.2-13.5 percent, 0.5 percent of quick-acting chlorpyrifos, 0.5 percent of slow-release chlorpyrifos and 60 days of slow-release period.
Comparative example 5
Except step 3, the weight ratio of the large-particle urea coated on the second functional layer to the first functional layer is as follows: 1.5: the same procedure as in comparative example 4 was repeated except for 98.5.
The specifications of the sample obtained in this comparative example are: 16.5-9.2-13.5 percent, 0.5 percent of quick-acting chlorpyrifos, 0.5 percent of slow-release chlorpyrifos and 30 days of slow-release period containing disintegrating agent.
Comparative example 6
Except step 3, the weight ratio of the large-particle urea coated on the second functional layer to the first functional layer is as follows: 3.5: 96.5 is the same as in comparative example 4.
The specifications of the sample obtained in this comparative example are: 16.5-9.2-13.5 percent, 0.5 percent of quick-acting chlorpyrifos, 0.5 percent of slow-release chlorpyrifos and a disintegrating agent in a slow-release period of 90 days.
Experimental example 1
Field fertilizer efficiency test:
the test site was selected in a flood dragon town in Zhi Yi City, Shandong province.
Peanut variety selection and seed treatment: selecting Kehua No. 1; the seeds are aired before being sowed, and the seeds are mixed by 350 g/100 kg of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and 35 ml/100 kg of 0.01 percent brassinolide.
The soil to be tested is sandy soil, the content of organic matters in the soil is 1.2%, the nitrate nitrogen content is 117mg/kg, the available phosphorus content is 48mg/kg, and the available potassium content is 132 mg/kg.
And (3) experimental treatment design: a total of 5 treatments were set, and the specific treatments were as follows
Application example 1 (treatment 1: sustained release of drug and fertilizer, sustained release period 60 days, containing disintegrant, quick-acting drug 0.5%, sustained release drug 0.5%): 70 kg/mu of fertilizer in the embodiment 1 is applied, base fertilizer is applied before sowing, and peanuts are planted after land preparation. The consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 27.44 kg/mu, the quick-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu, and the long-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu.
Comparative example 1 (fertilizer sustained release, sustained release period 60 days, no disintegrant, no drug): and (3) applying 70 kg/mu of fertilizer in comparative example 1, applying base fertilizer before sowing, and planting peanuts after land preparation. The dosage of azophoska is 27.44 kg/mu, and chlorpyrifos is not applied. The fertilizer is applied in a conventional way without application of pesticide.
Comparative example 2 (fertilizer slow release, slow release period 60 days, no disintegrant, fast acting drug 0.5%): and (3) applying 70 kg/mu of fertilizer in comparative example 2, applying base fertilizer before sowing, and planting peanuts after land preparation. The dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 27.44 kg/mu, and the quick-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu. The method is a conventional fertilization and pesticide application treatment.
Comparative example 3 (fertilizer slow release, slow release period 60 days, no disintegrant, fast acting drug 1.0%): and (3) applying 70 kg/mu of fertilizer in comparative example 3, applying base fertilizer before sowing, and planting peanuts after land preparation. The dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 27.44 kg/mu, and the quick-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.7 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied by conventional fertilizer and treated by conventional medicament with the same application amount.
Comparative example 4 (slow release of the drug fertilizer, 60 days of the slow release period, no disintegrant, 0.5% of fast-acting drug, 0.5% of slow-release drug) was applied: and (4) applying 70 kg/mu of fertilizer in comparative example 4, applying base fertilizer before sowing, and planting peanuts after land preparation. The consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 27.44 kg/mu, the quick-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu, and the long-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu. The method is the conventional slow-release pesticide fertilizer treatment.
The comparative example 5 (slow release of the medical fertilizer, 30 days of the slow release period, containing disintegrant, quick-acting drug 0.5%, slow release drug 0.5%) is applied: and (4) applying 70 kg/mu of fertilizer in a comparative example 5, applying base fertilizer before sowing, and planting peanuts after land preparation. The consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 27.44 kg/mu, the quick-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu, and the long-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu. The composition contains disintegrant, and has sustained release period of 30 days.
Comparative example 6 (slow release of the drug fertilizer, 90 days of the slow release period, containing disintegrant, quick-acting drug 0.5%, slow release drug 0.5%): and (4) applying 70 kg/mu of fertilizer in a comparative example 5, applying base fertilizer before sowing, and planting peanuts after land preparation. The consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 27.44 kg/mu, the quick-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu, and the long-acting chlorpyrifos is 0.35 kg/mu. The composition contains disintegrant, and has a sustained release period of 90 days.
The nutrients applied to each treated acre are consistent.
And (3) experimental design: 36m per processing cell2Each treatment was repeated 3 times, randomized block arrangement, and 7 trial treatments amounted to 21 cells. Soil preparation is carried out before experimental arrangement, soil leveling is ensured, and the fertility of each treated soil is ensured to be consistent. The peanuts are sowed in two grains, and 0.8 ten thousand holes are formed in each mu.
The test process comprises the following steps: the fertilizer application of each treatment is carried out according to the experimental design, and other field management such as pesticide spraying, weeding and the like are consistent. In the later period, no additional fertilizer and no pesticide are applied to soil.
Results and analysis: by applying the special efficient release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts, the grub control effect is obviously better than that of no pesticide application, and the yield is increased by 23.8%; is superior to the conventional fertilization and pesticide application treatment, and the yield is increased by 11.1 percent; is also superior to the conventional fertilization and the treatment of the same application dosage of the conventional medicament, and the yield is increased by 10.6 percent. In the example 1 after the high-efficiency release treatment, the grub control effect is better than that of the conventional slow-release pesticide fertilizer in the comparative example 4 (without the disintegrating agent), and the yield is increased by 9.9 percent. The yield is increased by 8.8 percent compared with the comparative example 5 with the slow release period of 30 days and 6.8 percent compared with the comparative example 6 with the slow release period of 90 days. The slow release period of 60 days in the example 1 is shown, and the disintegration time of the disintegrating agent is longer than the release time of the chlorpyrifos drug, so that the peanut pest and disease damage can be effectively prevented and controlled according to the incubation time of the control eggs. .
TABLE 1 different treatment growth period record table
| Treatment of | Sowing time | Stage of emergence | Rate of emergence (%) | Beginning of flowering phase | Pod bearing period | Maturity stage |
| Process 1 | 5 months and 2 days | 5 months and 9 days | 94.7 | 6 months and 20 days | 7 month and 19 days | 9 month and 15 days |
| Comparative example 1 | 5 months and 2 days | 5 months and 9 days | 92.3 | 6 months and 20 days | 7 month and 19 days | 9 month and 15 days |
| Comparative example 2 | 5 months and 2 days | 5 months and 9 days | 95.2 | 6 months and 20 days | 7 month and 19 days | 9 month and 15 days |
| Comparative example 3 | 5 months and 2 days | 5 months and 9 days | 94.7 | 6 months and 20 days | 7 month and 19 days | 9 month and 15 days |
| Comparative example 4 | 5 months and 2 days | 5 months and 9 days | 94.9 | 6 months and 20 days | 7 month and 19 days | 9 month and 15 days |
| Comparative example 5 | 5 months and 2 days | 5 months and 9 days | 94.7 | 6 months and 20 days | 7 month and 19 days | 9 month and 15 days |
| Comparative example 6 | 5 months and 2 days | 5 months and 9 days | 95.2 | 6 months and 20 days | 7 month and 19 days | 9 month and 15 days |
When the peanuts are harvested, taking 50 plants in the middle of each cell, and counting the pod damage rate; taking 4 points per cell, taking 0.25m soil per point2X 0.3m, counting the number of live grubs and the control effect.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on peanut Tabanus infestation and yield
| Total number of fruits | Number of damaged fruits | Rate of damage | Number of live insects | Yield (kg/mu) | |
| Process 1 | 1187 | 109 | 9.2％ | 4 | 378.4 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1165 | 526 | 45.2％ | 25 | 305.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 1184 | 204 | 17.2％ | 9 | 340.7 |
| Comparative example 3 | 1156 | 188 | 16.3％ | 8 | 342.1 |
| Comparative example 4 | 1148 | 185 | 16.1％ | 9 | 344.3 |
| Comparative example 5 | 1150 | 186 | 16.2％ | 8 | 347.8 |
| Comparative example 6 | 1175 | 195 | 16.6％ | 7 | 354.3 |
In conclusion, the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts is beneficial to controlling the grub insect pests of the peanuts, promotes the yield of the peanuts to be improved, and has the effect of obviously better controlling the yield and the grubs than conventional fertilizer application and conventional pesticide application treatment.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special high-efficiency release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts is characterized by comprising slow-release polyurethane coated urea, wherein the slow-release polyurethane coated urea comprises the following components in parts by weight:
large granular urea;
a first functional layer coating the large granular urea; the first functional layer is composed of the following raw materials: soybean oil, castor oil, chlorpyrifos technical material, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid; and
a second functional layer covering the first functional layer; the second functional layer is composed of the following raw materials: toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol, diethyltoluene diamine, triethylene diamine, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
2. The efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the first functional layer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
3. the efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the second functional layer is composed of the following raw materials: 23-26 parts of toluene diisocyanate, 57-80 parts of polyether polyol, 0.2-0.3 part of diethyl toluene diamine, 0.1-0.2 part of triethylene diamine and 3-6 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate; preferably, the weight ratio of toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol, diethyltoluene diamine, triethylene diamine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate is 25: 68: 0.2: 0.2: 5.
4. the efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the weight ratio of the large-particle urea to the first functional layer to the second functional layer is 75-85: 15-20: 2.5-4.
5. The efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 1, wherein the efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer special for peanuts further comprises the following components: granular urea, polypeptide urea, granular ammonium sulfate, granular diammonium, granular potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, boric acid, ammonium heptamolybdate, granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and granular chlorpyrifos granular preparation.
6. The efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 5, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
7. the preparation method of the efficient-release slow-release pesticide-fertilizer special for peanuts as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the steps of preparing the pesticide-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea: and the first functional layer and the second functional layer are sequentially coated on the large-particle urea.
8. The preparation method of the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide-fertilizer for peanuts according to claim 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) adding chlorpyrifos technical material into soybean oil and castor oil, mixing and dissolving, then adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, and stirring to obtain an oil suspension;
2) atomizing the oil suspension liquid obtained in the step 1) and spraying the atomized oil suspension liquid onto the surface of large-particle urea to obtain a granular fertilizer;
3) and (3) respectively atomizing and spraying toluene diisocyanate, polyether polyol, diethyl toluene diamine, triethylene diamine and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate on the surface of the granular fertilizer obtained in the step 2), reacting, curing and forming a film, and repeatedly spraying to obtain the drug-fertilizer double-effect slow-release polyurethane coated urea.
9. The preparation method of the efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer special for peanuts according to claim 8, wherein in the step 1), chlorpyrifos original drug, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid are respectively subjected to superfine grinding to 10-25 micrometers in advance.
10. The preparation method of the efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer special for peanuts according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising the following steps: 10-27 parts of slow-release polyurethane coated urea, 2-20 parts of large-particle urea, 0-20 parts of polypeptide urea, 0-22 parts of granular ammonium sulfate, 21-43 parts of granular diammonium, 19-38 parts of granular potassium sulfate, 0.1-1 part of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 0.1-1 part of boric acid, 0.01-0.05 part of ammonium heptamolybdate, 5-15 parts of granular silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer and 5-25 parts of chlorpyrifos granules are mixed to prepare the special efficient-release slow-release pesticide fertilizer for peanuts.
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| CN115677418A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-02-03 | 山东省花生研究所 | Large-particle slow-release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN110156517A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-23 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | One cultivates peanut Special slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN113024305A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 王学文 | Double-sustained-release pesticide fertilizer containing medium trace elements and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101717316A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2010-06-02 | 锦州硕丰农药集团有限公司 | Pesticide and fertilizer mixing particle agent for controlling soil insects and production method thereof |
| CN110156517A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-23 | 史丹利农业集团股份有限公司 | One cultivates peanut Special slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110452056A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-15 | 句容市后白镇农业服务中心 | A kind of coated release-controlled Synergistic type herbicide fertilizer granules of multilayer and its preparation and method of administration |
| CN113024305A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 王学文 | Double-sustained-release pesticide fertilizer containing medium trace elements and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115677418A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-02-03 | 山东省花生研究所 | Large-particle slow-release fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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