CN112595213B - Method for assembling axle differential - Google Patents
Method for assembling axle differential Download PDFInfo
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- CN112595213B CN112595213B CN202011117259.6A CN202011117259A CN112595213B CN 112595213 B CN112595213 B CN 112595213B CN 202011117259 A CN202011117259 A CN 202011117259A CN 112595213 B CN112595213 B CN 112595213B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
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Abstract
The invention relates to an axle differential assembly method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, a measuring tool for detecting the clearance between a half axle gear and a planetary gear of a differential is manufactured, then a pre-assembly process is carried out, and the half axle gear, a cross-shaped planetary gear shaft and four planetary gears are pre-assembled on a half piece of differential shell: then, pre-detecting the backlash between the semi-axis gear and the planet gear; comparing whether the measured clearance meets the requirement, and if so, completely assembling the axle differential; and finally, integrally detecting the assembled axle differential. The invention has the advantages that: the differential mechanism is assembled through the procedures of preassembly, predetection, correction, complete assembly and the like and the matching of a measuring tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for assembling a differential, in particular to a method for assembling an axle differential with high efficiency.
Background
The typical axle differential mainly comprises a differential shell consisting of two half shells, two half axle gears, four differential planetary gears and a bearing assembly for supporting the half axle gears and the planetary gears, wherein the centers of the two half shells are provided with shaft holes, four half shaft holes are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the top of each half shell, each half axle gear comprises a hollow shaft part and a bevel gear part arranged on the upper part of the hollow shaft part, the hollow shaft part of each half axle gear extends into the shaft holes, a step surface between the hollow shaft part and the bevel gear part is supported on the half shells through the bearing assembly to realize the rotation of the half axle gears, the four planetary gears are distributed on a plane between a pair of half axle gears in a cross shape, and each planetary gear is simultaneously meshed with the bevel gear parts of the two half axle gears.
In order to ensure the quality of the differential, after the differential is assembled, the differential needs to be operated and detected, whether the long-term stable and reliable operation can be met or not, the existing detection methods are all to directly drive the differential to operate, and whether all the operation values are qualified or not is monitored. Although the mode can directly check whether the core parameters have problems, once unqualified phenomenon occurs, the whole differential needs to be disassembled and adjusted, and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an axle differential assembly method, which can perform clearance detection on a half axle gear and a planetary gear of an axle differential in advance, reduce rework rate and improve assembly efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for assembling the axle differential mechanism is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps:
s1: manufacturing a measuring tool for detecting the clearance between a half axle gear and a planetary gear of a differential mechanism;
s2: a pre-assembly process, wherein a half axle gear, a cross-shaped planet gear shaft and four planet gears are pre-assembled on a half piece of differential shell:
s3: and a pre-detection process, namely measuring the backlash between the semi-axis gear and one of the planet gears through a measuring tool:
s4: repeating the step S3 to complete the pre-detection of all the planetary gears;
s5: the backlash C between each planetary gear and the half axle gearFruit of Chinese wolfberryAnd C meeting the standardSign boardComparing the ranges;
if the two meet the requirements, entering the next step;
if at least one of the half axle gears does not meet the requirement, setting or replacing an adjusting gasket on a hollow shaft part between the bevel gear part of the half axle gear and the half differential case or a cross-shaped planet gear shaft between a single planet gear and the half differential case is selected, and then the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated;
s6: carrying out complete assembly on the axle differential;
s7: and integrally detecting the assembled axle differential.
Preferably, the steps are specifically as follows:
s1: a measuring tool for detecting the gap between the axle shaft gear and the planetary gear of the differential is manufactured, which comprises
A table having a rotatable rotary platform driven by a rotary drive to rotate in a horizontal plane;
the half-shaft gear locking mechanism is arranged on the rotary platform and comprises a supporting head seat with a vertical axis, a pair of symmetrical and reversely arranged supporting head components are arranged at the upper part of the supporting head seat, and the supporting head components can be driven by a pneumatic driving structure to synchronously extend or retract along the horizontal direction;
the measuring mechanism for the side gap between the teeth comprises a measuring bracket fixed on a workbench and a measuring arm arranged on the measuring bracket, wherein the front end of the measuring arm is provided with a dial indicator, and the tail end of the measuring arm is rotatably arranged on the measuring bracket; a measuring arm rotation driving mechanism is arranged between the measuring arm and the measuring bracket, and the measuring arm rotation driving mechanism can drive the dial indicator to move between an upper waiting position and a lower working position through the measuring arm; a position fine-tuning mechanism is arranged between the measuring arm and the dial indicator;
s2: a pre-assembly process, wherein a half axle gear, a cross-shaped planet gear shaft and four planet gears are pre-assembled on a half piece of differential shell:
firstly, the inner wall of a half differential case is placed upwards, a hollow shaft part at the lower end of a half axle gear is rotatably embedded into a shaft hole at the center of the half differential case, and a bevel gear part at the upper end of the half axle gear is upwards;
then, placing the half piece of differential case and the half axle gear on the half piece of differential case on the rotating platform, and making the half axle gear locking mechanism at the center of the rotating platform extend into the hollow shaft part of the half axle gear;
finally, the four planetary gears are sleeved on a cross planetary gear shaft and then integrally mounted on a half differential shell, and after the planetary gears are meshed with the bevel gear part of the lower half shaft gear, a pre-assembly process is completed to form a pre-assembly body; at the moment, the dial indicator of the measurement mechanism of the side clearance between the teeth is in an upper waiting position and is far away from the pre-assembly body;
s3: a pre-detection procedure, measuring the backlash between the semi-axis gear and the planetary gear:
positioning the pre-assembled body, wherein a supporting head component of the half axle gear locking mechanism synchronously extends out along the horizontal direction and props against the inner wall of the hollow shaft part of the half axle gear to realize the fixation of the half axle gear;
pre-positioning the dial indicator, driving the dial indicator to move from an upper waiting position to a lower working position by the measuring arm rotary driving mechanism through the measuring arm, enabling a probe of the dial indicator to contact one tooth flank of the corresponding planetary gear at present, setting the tooth where the tooth flank is located as a testing tooth, and setting the position where the probe props against the tooth flank as a measuring point;
positioning the dial indicator, slowly rotating the current planet gear to enable the teeth of the planet gear to move back and forth between the bevel gears of the bevel gear parts of the corresponding half shaft gears on two sides, and ensuring that the readings are all read on the dial indicator when the teeth of the planet gear move to the limit positions on the two sides; if one of the two side limit positions corresponds to a reading of 0, adjusting the position fine adjustment mechanism until the requirement is met;
the readings on the dial indicator when the planet gear is at the limit positions at the two sides are recorded as X respectively1、X2Then, the backlash C between the front side gear and the planetary gearFruit of Chinese wolfberry=α|X1-X2And | and alpha are relation constants of the probe of the dial indicator and the contact angle of the side surface of the test tooth;
after reading recording is completed, the measuring arm rotation driving mechanism drives the dial indicator to move from a lower working position to an upper waiting position through the measuring arm, then the rotation driver drives the rotation platform to rotate 90 degrees, so that the other planetary gear of the pre-assembly body moves to the lower working position of the dial indicator, and the current planetary gear is pre-detected;
s4: repeating the step S3 to complete the pre-detection of all the planet gears;
s5: the backlash C between each planetary gear and the half axle gearFruit of Chinese wolfberryAnd C meeting the standardSign boardComparing the ranges;
if the two meet the requirements, entering the next step;
if at least one of the two half side gears is not satisfactory, setting or replacing an adjusting gasket on a hollow shaft part between the bevel gear part of the side gear and the half differential case or a cross-shaped planet gear shaft between a single planet gear and the half differential case is selected, and the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated;
s6: carrying out complete assembly on the axle differential;
s7: and integrally detecting the assembled axle differential.
More in detail, position fine-tuning includes that one installs the internal thread hole at the measuring arm front end to and with this internal thread hole threaded connection's screw rod, the screw rod is connected fixedly with the amesdial one end of keeping away from the probe, and sets up with the probe is coaxial.
More specifically, the half-axle gear locking mechanism comprises a mounting seat arranged at the center of the rotary platform, the mounting seat is a hollow cylindrical cover body, a communication hole communicated with the inner cavity of the cover body is arranged at the center of the top surface of the cover body, and an annular positioning boss surrounding the periphery of the communication hole is integrally formed on the top surface of the cover body; the support head seat is arranged on the mounting seat, the support head seat is sequentially divided into a working section and a connecting section from top to bottom along the vertical direction, the working section of the support head seat is provided with a horizontal cavity which penetrates through the support head seat along the horizontal direction, the connecting section of the support head seat is provided with an air supply cavity which vertically extends upwards from the center of the bottom surface of the support head seat to be communicated with the horizontal cavity, the air supply cavity is sequentially divided into a cylindrical positioning section, a cylindrical middle section, a circular truncated cone-shaped transition section and a small-diameter connecting section from bottom to top along the vertical direction, the diameter of the cylindrical positioning section is larger than that of the cylindrical middle section, the diameter of the circular truncated cone-shaped transition section is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and the inner wall of the middle part of the cylindrical positioning section is provided with an annular clamp spring groove; the supporting head assemblies comprise pistons which are symmetrically and reversely arranged in the horizontal cavity, and the end parts of the pistons are connected with the supporting heads; the connector end cover is a ring-shaped element which can be just embedded into the cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat, one end of the connector end cover props against a step surface formed between the cylindrical positioning section and the cylindrical middle section to perform upper limiting, the other end of the connector end cover realizes lower limiting through a clamp spring embedded into the annular clamp spring groove, and the center of the connector end cover is connected with a gas pipe connector; the cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat is sleeved outside the annular positioning boss, and a key is arranged between the outer circumferential surface of the annular positioning boss and the outer side wall of the cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat.
The invention has the advantages that: in the assembly process of the differential mechanism, the backlash between the half axle gear and the planetary gear is an important index for determining the product percent of pass, if the backlash is too large after the assembly, the stability of a connecting part after the assembly can be influenced, so that the integral reliability of a product is influenced, if the backlash is too small after the assembly, the half axle gear and the differential bevel planetary gear are too tightly matched, the friction force can be increased, the abrasion speed is accelerated, and the service life of the differential mechanism is influenced. According to the axle transmission assembled by the method, the differential is assembled by the processes of preassembly, predetection, correction, complete assembly and the like and the matching of measurement tools, and the axle transmission assembled by the method can effectively reduce the reject ratio before the factory detection in the later period and save the time of reworking and adjusting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the outline of an axle differential preassembly tool according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a side gear locking mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the half-shaft gear locking mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The process route of the axle differential assembly method of the invention is as follows:
s1: manufacturing a measuring tool for detecting the clearance between a half axle gear and a planetary gear of a differential mechanism;
s2: a pre-assembly process, wherein a half axle gear, a cross-shaped planet gear shaft and four planet gears are pre-assembled on a half piece of differential shell:
s3: and a pre-detection procedure, namely measuring the backlash between the semi-axis gear and one of the planet gears through a measuring tool:
s4: repeating the step S3 to complete the pre-detection of all the planetary gears;
s5: the backlash C between each planetary gear and the half axle gearFruit of Chinese wolfberryAnd C meeting the standardSign boardComparing the ranges;
if the two meet the requirements, entering the next step;
if at least one of the two half side gears is not satisfactory, setting or replacing an adjusting gasket on a hollow shaft part between the bevel gear part of the side gear and the half differential case or a cross-shaped planet gear shaft between a single planet gear and the half differential case is selected, and the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated;
s6: carrying out complete assembly on the axle differential;
s7: and integrally detecting the assembled axle differential.
Example one
The method for assembling the axle differential mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: manufacturing a measuring tool for detecting the clearance between a half axle gear and a planetary gear of a differential, wherein the measuring tool comprises a workbench which is provided with a rotatable rotating platform; the half-shaft gear locking mechanism is arranged on the rotary platform and used for locking the half-shaft gear; and the backlash measuring mechanism is arranged on the workbench and is used for measuring the backlash between the half shaft gear and the planet gear in the pre-assembly process.
In this embodiment, the specific structure of the measurement tool is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device comprises a working platform 1, a rotary platform 2, a side gear locking mechanism 3 and a tooth backlash measuring mechanism 4.
The worktable 1 is provided with a rotatable rotary platform 2, and the rotary platform 2 is driven by a rotary driver to rotate on a horizontal plane. The rotary driver adopts a gear pair driven by a servo motor, and the bottom of the rotary platform 2 is provided with a circle of external gear structures extending along the circumferential direction, and the external gear structures are meshed with the gear pair.
Half shaft gear locking mechanical system 3 installs on rotary platform 2, and half shaft gear locking mechanical system 3 includes the perpendicular support head seat that sets up of an axis, and the upper portion of supporting the head seat is provided with a pair of symmetry and the reverse head subassembly that props that sets up, prop the head subassembly and can follow the horizontal direction and stretch out or retract in step.
The interdental space measuring mechanism 4 comprises a measuring bracket fixed on the workbench 1 and a measuring arm arranged on the measuring bracket, wherein the front end of the measuring arm is provided with a dial indicator, and the tail end of the measuring arm is rotatably arranged on the measuring bracket; a measuring arm rotation driving mechanism is arranged between the measuring arm and the measuring bracket, and the measuring arm rotation driving mechanism can drive the dial indicator to move between an upper waiting position and a lower working position through the measuring arm; in this embodiment, the measuring arm rotation driving mechanism adopts a gear pair structure driven by a servo motor, and the structure is known in the art and is not described herein again.
The driver of the servo motor of the measuring arm rotation driving mechanism can adopt linkage control with the rotation driver of the rotating platform, the work of the servo motor enables the dial indicator to move to the upper waiting position from the lower working position each time, the rotation driver starts to work, and the rotating platform is driven to rotate by 90 degrees. The specific linkage control mode is a conventional automatic control technology, and the detailed description is omitted.
In addition, in order to guarantee smooth measurement of the backlash, a simple position fine adjustment mechanism is arranged between the measuring arm and the dial indicator, the position fine adjustment mechanism comprises an internal thread hole arranged at the front end of the measuring arm and a screw rod in threaded connection with the internal thread hole, the screw rod is fixedly connected with one end, far away from the probe, of the dial indicator through a screw rod support, and the axis of the screw rod is coaxial with the probe.
As a more specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the side gear locking mechanism 3 is a cylindrical structure with a compact structure and convenient maintenance, and includes a mounting seat 31, a communication hole 311, a support head seat 32, a horizontal cavity 33, an air supply cavity 34, a piston 35, a support head 36, a joint end cover 37, a snap spring 38, and an air pipe joint 39.
The mounting seat 31 is mounted at the center of the rotary platform 2, the mounting seat 31 is a hollow cylindrical cover, a communication hole 311 communicating with the inner cavity of the cover is arranged at the center of the top surface of the cover, and an annular positioning boss surrounding the periphery of the communication hole 311 is integrally formed on the top surface of the cover.
The supporting head seat 32 is installed on the installation seat 31, the supporting head seat 32 is sequentially divided into a working section and a connecting section from top to bottom along the vertical direction, the working section of the supporting head seat 32 is provided with a horizontal cavity 33 which penetrates through the supporting head seat along the horizontal direction, the connecting section of the supporting head seat 32 is provided with an air supply cavity 34 which vertically extends upwards from the center of the bottom surface of the supporting head seat to be communicated with the horizontal cavity, the air supply cavity 34 is sequentially divided into a cylindrical positioning section from bottom to top along the vertical direction, a cylindrical middle section, a circular truncated cone-shaped transition section and a small-diameter connecting section, the diameter of the cylindrical positioning section is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical middle section, the diameter of the circular truncated cone-shaped transition section is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and the inner wall of the middle part of the cylindrical positioning section is provided with an annular clamp spring groove.
The supporting head components are in a pair and comprise pistons 35 which are symmetrically and reversely arranged in the horizontal cavity 33, the end parts of the pistons 35 are connected with supporting heads 36, and the supporting heads 36 are outer arc-shaped elastic bodies. A return spring is arranged between the front part of the piston 35 and the support head seat 32, and the return spring retracts the piston 35 to a rear limit position along the horizontal direction under the action of elastic deformation force, so that natural retraction under a non-gas supply state is realized.
The connector end cover 37 is a ring-shaped element which can be just embedded into the cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat, one end of the connector end cover 37 props against a step surface formed between the cylindrical positioning section and the cylindrical middle section to perform upper limit, the other end of the connector end cover 37 realizes lower limit through a clamp spring 38 embedded into an annular clamp spring groove, the center of the connector end cover 37 is connected with a gas pipe connector 39, and the gas pipe connector 39 is a rotary connector and is connected with a gas supply system through a gas pipe.
The cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat 32 is sleeved outside the annular positioning boss, and a key is arranged between the outer circumferential surface of the annular positioning boss and the outer side wall of the cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat, so that the supporting head seat 32 and the annular positioning boss are prevented from rotating relatively. In addition, in this embodiment, the lower end of the support head seat 32 and the top of the cover body of the mounting seat 31 are further connected and fixed through a magnet. Specifically, a first magnet is embedded in the lower end face of the support head seat 32, and meanwhile, a second magnet embedded in the top surface of the cover body is arranged on the periphery of the annular positioning boss at the top of the cover body of the mounting seat 31, so that the support head seat 32 is connected with the mounting seat 31 by utilizing the adsorption of the first magnet and the second magnet. The structure can ensure normal locking and positioning and can also facilitate the disassembly of the supporting head seat 32.
S2: a pre-assembly process of pre-assembling one side gear 51, one cross-shaped planetary gear shaft 53 and four planetary gears 52 on a half differential case 54, as shown in fig. 3:
firstly, the inner wall of a half differential case 54 is placed upwards, a hollow shaft part at the lower end of a side gear 51 is rotatably embedded into a shaft hole at the center of the half differential case 54, an adjusting gasket is arranged between the two, and a bevel gear part at the upper end of the side gear 51 is upwards;
then, the half differential case 54 and the side gear 51 thereon are placed on the rotary platform 2, and the side gear locking mechanism 3 at the center of the rotary platform 2 is caused to protrude into the hollow shaft portion of the side gear 51;
finally, the four planet gears 52 are sleeved on a cross planet gear shaft 53 and then integrally mounted on a half differential case 54, an adjusting gasket is also arranged on the cross planet gear shaft between the planet gears and the half differential case, and after the planet gears 52 are meshed with the bevel gear part of the lower half shaft gear 51, a pre-assembly process is completed to form a pre-assembly body; at the moment, the dial indicator of the interdental backlash measuring mechanism 4 is in an upper waiting position and is far away from the pre-assembly body;
s3: a preliminary detection step of measuring backlash between the semi-axis gear 51 and the planetary gear 52:
positioning the pre-assembled body, wherein a supporting head component of the half-gear locking mechanism 3 synchronously extends out along the horizontal direction to abut against the inner wall of the hollow shaft part of the half-gear 51, so that the half-gear 51 is fixed;
pre-positioning the dial indicator, driving the dial indicator to move from an upper waiting position to a lower working position by the measuring arm rotary driving mechanism through the measuring arm, enabling a probe of the dial indicator to contact one tooth flank of the corresponding planetary gear at present, setting the tooth where the tooth flank is located as a testing tooth, and setting the position where the probe props against the tooth flank as a measuring point;
positioning the dial indicator, slowly rotating the current planet gear to enable the teeth of the planet gear to move back and forth between the bevel gears of the bevel gear parts of the corresponding half shaft gears on two sides, and ensuring that the readings are all read on the dial indicator when the teeth of the planet gear move to the limit positions on the two sides; if one of the two side limit positions has a corresponding reading value of 0, adjusting the position fine adjustment mechanism until the requirement is met;
the readings on the dial indicator when the planet gear is at the limit positions at the two sides are recorded as X respectively1、X2Then the backlash C between the present side gear and the planetary gearFruit of Chinese wolfberry=α|X1-X2And | and α are relation constants of contact angles of the probe of the dial indicator and the side surface of the test tooth;
after reading recording is completed, the measuring arm rotation driving mechanism drives the dial indicator to move from a lower working position to an upper waiting position through the measuring arm, then the rotation driver drives the rotation platform to rotate 90 degrees, so that the other planetary gear of the pre-assembly body moves to the lower working position of the dial indicator, and the current planetary gear is pre-detected;
s4: repeating the step S3 to complete the pre-detection of all the planet gears;
s5: the backlash C between each planetary gear and the half axle gearFruit of Chinese wolfberryAnd C meeting the standardSign boardComparison of the ranges:
if the two meet the requirements, entering the next step;
if at least one of the bevel gear parts of the side gears does not meet the requirement, the adjustment gasket is replaced on the hollow shaft part between the bevel gear part of the side gear and the half differential case or the cross-shaped planet gear shaft between the single planet gear and the half differential case, and the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated;
s6: carrying out complete assembly on the axle differential;
s7: and integrally detecting the assembled axle differential.
Example two
The method of the first embodiment is adopted to assemble the axle differential of a certain type, and the axle differential C isSign boardThe range of (A) is 0.3-0.4 mm;
in the embodiment, the contact angle between the probe of the dial indicator and the side surface of the test tooth is 89-90 degrees (due to the rotation amount of the tooth side surface), and according to an experiment, the relation constant alpha of the contact angle between the probe of the dial indicator and the side surface of the test tooth is 0.99;
the following table is a sample of a defect, test data using the assembly method of the present invention:
| number of planetary gears | X1（mm) | X2（mm) | |X1-X2| | α | C fruit (mm) | Measures (mm) |
| Planetary gear 1# | 0.54 | 0.34 | 0.2 | 0.99 | 0.198 | Thinning by 0.2 |
| |
0.62 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.99 | 0.3069 | Qualified |
| Planetary gear 3# | 0.72 | 0.5 | 0.22 | 0.99 | 0.2178 | Thinning by 0.1 |
| Planetary gear 4# | 0.85 | 0.19 | 0.66 | 0.99 | 0.6534 | Thickness increase of 0.3 |
The model can be seen from the upper table, the fit clearance between the planet gear 1# and the planet gear 3# and the half axle gear is too small, the wear is easy, the adjusting gasket arranged on the cross planet gear shaft between the planet gear and the half piece of differential housing needs to be thinned, and the differential of the model needs to be thinned by 0.2mm and 0.1mm respectively; the fit clearance between the planetary gear 4# and the half axle gear is too large, and the thickness of an adjusting gasket arranged on a cross planetary gear shaft between the planetary gear and the half piece of differential case needs to be increased by 0.3 mm; the measure avoids the re-disassembly and adjustment after the complete assembly at the later stage, and improves the efficiency.
EXAMPLE III
Using the above-described embodimentsAssembling an axle differential of a certain type by using a method I, wherein the axle differential C isSign boardThe range of (a) is 0.3-0.4 mm;
in the embodiment, the contact angle between the probe of the dial indicator and the side surface of the test tooth is 89-90 degrees (due to the rotation amount of the tooth side surface), and according to an experiment, the relation constant alpha of the contact angle between the probe of the dial indicator and the side surface of the test tooth is 0.99;
the following table II is test data of a defect sample II of an axle differential of a certain model when the assembling method is adopted:
| number of planetary gears | X1（mm) | X2（mm) | |X1-X2| | α | C fruit (mm) | Measures (mm) |
| Planetary gear 1# | 0.95 | 0.25 | 0.7 | 0.99 | 0.693 | Thickening 0.4 or 0.3 |
| |
0.79 | 0.13 | 0.66 | 0.99 | 0.6534 | Thickness increase of 0.3 |
| Planetary gear 3# | 0.72 | 0.09 | 0.63 | 0.99 | 0.6237 | Thickness increase of 0.3 |
| Planetary gear 4# | 0.85 | 0.19 | 0.66 | 0.99 | 0.6534 | Thickness increase of 0.3 |
According to the model, the fit clearance between the planetary gear 1#, the planetary gear 2#, the planetary gear 3#, and the planetary gear 4# and the half shaft gear is too large, so that the adjusting gaskets additionally arranged on the cross planetary gear shaft between the planetary gear and the half differential case are thickened, or the hollow shaft part thickening adjusting gaskets between the bevel gear part of the half shaft gear and the half differential case are selected, and the hollow shaft part thickening adjusting gaskets between the bevel gear part of the half shaft gear and the half differential case are selected to be 0.3mm to meet the clearance requirement due to the fact that each planetary gear of the embodiment needs to be adjusted.
Claims (3)
1. An axle differential assembly method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: manufacturing a measuring tool for detecting the clearance between a half axle gear and a planetary gear of a differential, wherein the measuring tool comprises
A table having a rotatable rotary platform driven by a rotary drive to rotate in a horizontal plane;
the half-shaft gear locking mechanism is arranged on the rotary platform and comprises a supporting head seat with a vertical axis, a pair of symmetrical and reversely arranged supporting head components are arranged at the upper part of the supporting head seat, and the supporting head components can be driven by a pneumatic driving structure to synchronously extend or retract along the horizontal direction;
the measuring mechanism for the side gap between the teeth comprises a measuring bracket fixed on a workbench and a measuring arm arranged on the measuring bracket, wherein the front end of the measuring arm is provided with a dial indicator, and the tail end of the measuring arm is rotatably arranged on the measuring bracket; a measuring arm rotation driving mechanism is arranged between the measuring arm and the measuring bracket, and the measuring arm rotation driving mechanism can drive the dial indicator to move between an upper waiting position and a lower working position through the measuring arm; a position fine-tuning mechanism is arranged between the measuring arm and the dial indicator;
s2: a pre-assembly process, wherein a half axle gear, a cross-shaped planet gear shaft and four planet gears are pre-assembled on a half piece of differential shell:
firstly, the inner wall of a half differential case is placed upwards, a hollow shaft part at the lower end of a half axle gear is rotatably embedded into a shaft hole at the center of the half differential case, and a bevel gear part at the upper end of the half axle gear is upwards;
then, placing a half piece of differential case and a half axle gear on the half piece of differential case on a rotating platform, and enabling a half axle gear locking mechanism at the center of the rotating platform to extend into a hollow shaft part of the half axle gear;
finally, the four planetary gears are sleeved on a cross planetary gear shaft and then integrally installed on the half differential shell, and after the planetary gears are meshed with the bevel gear part of the lower half axle gear, a pre-assembly process is completed to form a pre-assembly body; at the moment, the dial indicator of the interdental side gap measuring mechanism is in an upper waiting position and is far away from the pre-assembling body;
s3: a preliminary detection process of measuring a backlash between the semi-axis gear and the planetary gear:
positioning the pre-assembled body, wherein a supporting head component of the half axle gear locking mechanism synchronously extends out along the horizontal direction and props against the inner wall of the hollow shaft part of the half axle gear to realize the fixation of the half axle gear;
pre-positioning the dial indicator, driving the dial indicator to move from an upper waiting position to a lower working position by the measuring arm rotary driving mechanism through the measuring arm, enabling a probe of the dial indicator to contact one tooth flank of the corresponding planetary gear at present, setting the tooth where the tooth flank is located as a testing tooth, and setting the position where the probe props against the tooth flank as a measuring point;
positioning the dial indicator, slowly rotating the current planet gear to enable the teeth of the planet gear to move back and forth between the bevel gears of the bevel gear parts of the corresponding half shaft gears on two sides, and ensuring that the readings are all read on the dial indicator when the teeth of the planet gear move to the limit positions on the two sides; if one of the two side limit positions has a corresponding reading value of 0, adjusting the position fine adjustment mechanism until the requirement is met;
recording readings on the dial indicator when the planetary gear is at the limit positions of the two sides to be X1 and X2 respectively, so that the actual side clearance C between the current half axle gear and the planetary gear is = alpha | X1-X2| and alpha is a relation constant of a contact angle between a probe of the dial indicator and a side face of a test tooth;
after reading recording is completed, the measuring arm rotation driving mechanism drives the dial indicator to move from a lower working position to an upper waiting position through the measuring arm, then the rotation driver drives the rotation platform to rotate 90 degrees, so that the other planetary gear of the pre-assembly body moves to the lower working position of the dial indicator, and the current planetary gear is pre-detected;
s4: repeating the step S3 to complete the pre-detection of all the planetary gears;
s5: comparing the actual backlash C between each planetary gear and the half axle gear with a standard C-standard range;
if the two meet the requirements, entering the next step;
if at least one of the two half side gears is not satisfactory, setting or replacing an adjusting gasket on a hollow shaft part between the bevel gear part of the side gear and the half differential case or a cross-shaped planet gear shaft between a single planet gear and the half differential case is selected, and the steps S3, S4 and S5 are repeated;
s6: carrying out complete assembly on the axle differential;
s7: and integrally detecting the assembled axle differential.
2. The method of assembling an axle differential according to claim 1, wherein: the position fine adjustment mechanism comprises an internal thread hole arranged at the front end of the measuring arm and a screw rod in threaded connection with the internal thread hole, and the screw rod and one end, far away from the probe, of the dial indicator are fixedly connected and arranged coaxially with the probe.
3. The method of assembling an axle differential according to claim 1, wherein: the half-shaft gear locking mechanism comprises
The mounting base is a hollow cylindrical cover body, a communicating hole communicated with the inner cavity of the cover body is formed in the center of the top surface of the cover body, and an annular positioning boss surrounding the periphery of the communicating hole is integrally formed on the top surface of the cover body;
the support head seat is arranged on the mounting seat, the support head seat is sequentially divided into a working section and a connecting section from top to bottom along the vertical direction, the working section of the support head seat is provided with a horizontal cavity which penetrates through the support head seat along the horizontal direction, the connecting section of the support head seat is provided with an air supply cavity which vertically extends upwards from the center of the bottom surface of the support head seat to be communicated with the horizontal cavity, the air supply cavity is sequentially divided into a cylindrical positioning section, a cylindrical middle section, a circular truncated cone-shaped transition section and a small-diameter connecting section from bottom to top along the vertical direction, the diameter of the cylindrical positioning section is larger than that of the cylindrical middle section, the diameter of the circular truncated cone-shaped transition section is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and the inner wall of the middle part of the cylindrical positioning section is provided with an annular clamp spring groove;
the supporting head assemblies comprise pistons which are symmetrically and reversely arranged in the horizontal cavity, and the end parts of the pistons are connected with the supporting heads;
the connector end cover is a ring-shaped element which can be just embedded into the cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat, one end of the connector end cover props against a step surface formed between the cylindrical positioning section and the cylindrical middle section to perform upper limiting, the other end of the connector end cover realizes lower limiting through a clamp spring embedded into the annular clamp spring groove, and the center of the connector end cover is connected with a gas pipe connector;
the cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat is sleeved outside the annular positioning boss, and a key is arranged between the outer circumferential surface of the annular positioning boss and the outer side wall of the cylindrical positioning section of the supporting head seat.
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