CN112589448A

CN112589448A - Multi-column multi-cutter efficient combined machining center

Info

Publication number: CN112589448A
Application number: CN202011477368.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐绍波; 徐玉荣; 徐蓓蓓; 尚英奇; 刘禹含
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-12-15
Filing date: 2020-12-15
Publication date: 2021-04-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-15
Also published as: CN112589448B

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of vertical lathes, in particular to a multi-column multi-tool efficient composite machining center, which comprises a cross beam, upright columns and a workbench, wherein an upright column lifting assembly is arranged between the cross beam and the upright columns, and the multi-column multi-tool efficient composite machining center is characterized in that 4-8 upright columns are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the workbench in a polar symmetrical distribution mode; the worktable is provided with a center pillar in the middle, the center pillar is provided with a center beam sleeve, the center beam sleeve is connected with a center pillar lifting assembly, the far end of a beam is connected with the center beam sleeve through a flange, the lifting movement of the beam and the lifting of a boring and milling head on the beam are realized, and the horizontal movement of the boring and milling head and a lathe tool rest, the pillar withdrawing operation of an upright post and the rotation of the worktable are respectively controlled through a numerical control system. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the five functions of gantry boring and milling, gear milling machine, rocker arm drilling, vertical lathe and floor boring and milling can be realized by equipping different cutters and accessories, the machine becomes a high-efficiency and multifunctional composite vertical lathe, and the processing efficiency is improved by times.

Description

Multi-column multi-cutter efficient combined machining center

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of vertical lathes, in particular to a large or ultra-large multi-column multi-cutter efficient composite machining center.

Background

The vertical lathe is called 'vertical lathe' for short, and the vertical lathe is mainly used for processing large and heavy workpieces with large diameters and short lengths. The single-arm mobile vertical lathe 100 years ago originated in Europe, belongs to an economical and light multifunctional lathe, develops to a large and heavy lathe, but has the problem that a cross beam is not horizontal and resonates, and the problem belongs to a world problem. The cross beam of the oversize double-column vertical lathe can be kept horizontal when in rest, but can be concave and deformed to different degrees when in cutting operation (particularly when in strong processing). Is a problem of no solution in the world.

The chinese utility model patent with application number 200720069104.3 discloses a single-column vertical lathe floor type boring and milling composite machine tool, which comprises a single-column movable vertical lathe, a guide rail, a boring spindle box, a milling spindle box and a bottom rail; the single-column movable vertical lathe comprises a vertical column, a cross beam, a sliding table, a lathe bed, a rotary worktable and a base; the boring spindle box is arranged on a group of guide rails on the right side of the upright post; the milling spindle box is arranged at one end of the upper beam of the vertical lathe, and has the characteristics of simple structure, reasonable design, equipment investment saving, production site occupation reduction and the like.

For a large or ultra-large vertical lathe with a workbench of which the diameter is larger than 10 meters, only one turning tool is traditionally configured, and because the workbench has a large diameter and a longer circumference ratio and usually adopts a lower cutting speed, the cutting efficiency of the lathe is very low, which causes insufficient space utilization rate of a workshop and poor economy.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a multi-column multi-cutter efficient composite machining center, which overcomes the defects of the prior art, adopts a multi-column multi-cutter structure, is provided with a core column and a reinforcing support to improve the rigidity of a device beam, and is characterized in that cutter holders are arranged in pairs in a polar symmetrical mode, namely a positive mode and a negative mode, so as to balance the rotary cutting force, five functions of gantry milling, gear milling, rocker drilling, vertical lathe and floor boring and milling can be combined into a whole, and the problems of low cutting efficiency of a large or super-large vertical lathe with a working table diameter of more than 10 meters and poor levelness of a beam of a common double-column vertical lathe are solved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the multi-column multi-tool efficient composite machining center comprises a cross beam, stand columns and a workbench, wherein the cross beam is arranged on the stand columns, a stand column lifting assembly is arranged between the cross beam and the stand columns, the workbench is positioned below the feet of the stand columns, and the workbench rotates in situ, and the multi-column multi-tool efficient composite machining center is characterized in that 4-8 stand columns are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the workbench in a polar symmetrical distribution mode; a table core column is arranged in the middle of the workbench, a central beam sleeve is arranged on the table core column and connected with the table core column lifting assembly, and the far end of the beam is connected with the central beam sleeve through a flange; the table core column lifting assembly and the upright column lifting assembly synchronously control to realize the lifting movement of the cross beam; each beam is provided with a boring and milling head and a turning tool rest, and the boring and milling head and the turning tool rest move relative to the length direction of the beam through a beam lead screw; the bottom of the core pillar is connected with a workbench through a main shaft, the workbench comprises a pedestal and a workbench body, the workbench body is arranged on a bearing static pressure guide rail of the pedestal, the workbench body is meshed and connected with a gear ring on the pedestal through a main gearbox driving gear, and the workbench body coaxially rotates relative to the pedestal under the driving of a main gearbox; the at least one upright post is arranged on a post withdrawing slideway, the post withdrawing slideway comprises a sliding table, a base and a motor-driven ball screw, and the post withdrawing slideway is positioned in the pit;

the lifting movement of the beam, the lifting of the boring and milling head on the beam, the horizontal movement of the boring and milling head and the lathe tool rest, the column withdrawing operation of the upright column and the rotation of the workbench are respectively controlled by a numerical control system.

The invention adopts a multi-upright post and multi-cutter structure, and the table center post and the reinforcing bracket which pass through the center hole of the workbench play a reinforcing structure for the cross beam and the upright post, so that the rigidity of the cross beam can be better ensured, the generation of resonance is avoided, the invention is suitable for processing with larger cutting force, and a plurality of groups of extremely symmetrical boring and milling heads have opposite cutting force and are mutually offset, thereby being beneficial to processing of extra-large workpieces.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) the structure of a common double-column vertical lathe is optimized, five functions of gantry milling, a gear milling machine, rocker arm drilling, vertical lathe, floor boring and milling and the like can be realized, the high-efficiency and multifunctional composite vertical lathe becomes an efficient and multifunctional composite vertical lathe, and is equivalent to a five-column vertical lathe when used for vertical lathe, and the beam rigidity is better; when the cutter is used for floor boring and milling, a plurality of cutters cut simultaneously, so that the efficiency is improved by multiple times; when the gantry boring and milling machine is used for gantry boring and milling, the width of the gantry boring machine is equivalent to that of a plurality of traditional gantry boring machines. 2) The balance problem of the beam structure is solved, and the diameter of the machine tool workbench can reach more than 20 meters, even 30 meters. 3) The workbench core column and the reinforcing support are added, the static balance problem of the beam is solved, the rigidity of the equipment beam is improved, and the difficult problems of poor processing levelness and low cutting efficiency of a large-scale and heavy-duty double-arm structure vertical lathe are overcome. 4) The composite vertical lathe has good economy and strong functions, theoretically, the diameter of a machined workpiece can reach 30 meters, but the efficiency is 18 times that of a conventional vertical lathe, and the machining range is wider. 5) The multi-column multi-cutter efficient combined machining center is particularly superior to widened gantry boring and milling, widened floor boring and milling and widened numerical control gantry drilling. 6) The multi-column multi-cutter machining center has the center column, so that the dynamic balance and static balance performance of the cross beam is better, the horizontal precision of the cross beam is more favorably maintained, and the phenomenon of sinking in the process of resonance and machining of a plane is greatly reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a 4-column of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1, and the upright post moves to the limit position through the post withdrawing slideway, which is the use state of the vertical lathe.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the transverse sliding type worktable installed in fig. 2, which is in a state of being used as a gantry boring and milling machine, a floor boring and milling machine and a numerical control gantry drill.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an 8-column of the present invention, in which the column is used as a gantry boring and milling machine, a floor boring and milling machine, and a numerical control gantry drill.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a workbench in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a spindle structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a pillar of a table core in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a reinforcing brace in an embodiment of the invention.

In the figure: 1. a cross beam; 2. a column; 3. a work table; 4. a column lifting assembly; 5. boring and milling heads; 6. a core pillar; 7. an upper bearing; 8. a lower bearing; 9. a core pillar lift assembly; 10. a main gear box; 11. a main shaft; 12. a horizontal balancing weight; 13. a side tool holder; 14. a side tool rest square ram; 15. auxiliary boring and milling heads; 16. a reinforcing scaffold; 17. a connecting seat; 18. a worm screw lifting mechanism; 19. a cross beam lead screw; 20. a connecting nut; 21. a tapered hole; 22. a lifting ball screw; 23. a groove; 24. a spring keyway; 25. a transverse sliding type workbench; 26-a central beam sleeve; 27. a flange; 28. turning a tool rest; 29-a column withdrawal slideway; 30. a connecting flange; 31. a pedestal; 32. a platform body; 33. a gear; 34. a load-bearing hydrostatic guideway; 35. a sliding table; 36. a base; 37. the motor drives the ball screw; 38. a lower seat; 39. side boring the milling head; 40. and (5) supplementing a boring and milling cutter.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the following embodiments, the column lifting assembly 4, the boring and milling head 5, the main gearbox 10, the horizontal counterweight block 12, the side tool rest 13, the side tool rest square ram 14, the auxiliary boring and milling head 15, the worm screw lifting mechanism 18 and the numerical control system are all commercially available products. In the embodiment, the diameter of the machine type workbench is 10 m.

Fig. 1-8 show a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the multi-column multi-tool high-efficiency combined machining center of the invention, which includes a beam 1, columns 2 and a workbench 3, wherein the four columns 2 are uniformly arranged around the workbench 3 in a polar symmetric distribution manner; a table core column 6 is arranged in the middle of the workbench 3, a central beam sleeve 26 is arranged on the table core column 6, the central beam sleeve is connected with the table core column lifting assembly, and the far end of the beam 1 is connected with the central beam sleeve 26 through a flange 27; a table core column lifting assembly 9 is arranged between the cross beam and the table core column 6, the cross beam 1 and the upright column 2 realize the up-and-down movement of the cross beam 1 relative to the upright column 2 through a lifting assembly 4, and the cross beam 1 is provided with a boring and milling head 5 and a lathe tool holder 28; the worktable 3 comprises a pedestal 31 and a worktable 32, the worktable 32 is arranged on a bearing static pressure guide rail 34 of the pedestal 31, the worktable 32 is meshed with a gear ring on the pedestal 31 through a driving gear 33 of the main gearbox 10, and the worktable 32 rotates coaxially relative to the pedestal 31 under the driving of the main gearbox 10. The upright post 2 is arranged on a post withdrawing slideway 29, the post withdrawing slideway comprises a sliding table 35, a base 36 and a motor-driven ball screw 37, and the post withdrawing slideway 29 is positioned in a pit; an upright column lifting assembly 4 is arranged between the cross beam 1 and the upright column 2, the table core column lifting assembly 9 and the upright column lifting assembly 4 are synchronously controlled to realize the lifting movement of the cross beam 1, and the boring and milling head 5 and the turning tool rest 28 realize the movement relative to the length direction of the cross beam 1 through a cross beam lead screw 19; the bottom of the core column 6 is connected with the workbench 3 through a main shaft 11. The lifting movement of the beam 1, the horizontal movement of each boring and milling head 5 on the beam, the column withdrawing operation of the upright column 2 and the rotation of the workbench 3 are respectively controlled by a numerical control system.

The reinforcing support 16 is arranged between the beam 1 and the workbench 3, a plurality of connecting flanges 30 connected with the reinforcing support 16 are arranged at the bottom of the beam 1, so that the arrangement position of the reinforcing support 16 can be changed as required, the connecting seat 17 is arranged at the top of the reinforcing support, the lower seat 38 is arranged at the bottom of the reinforcing support, the reinforcing support is provided with a side boring and milling head 39, the reinforcing support 16 is connected with the side boring and milling head 39 through a worm gear lead screw lifting mechanism 18, and the side boring and milling head 39 moves up and down along the reinforcing support 16 under the control of a numerical control system. The reinforcing bracket 16 is of a narrow-top and wide-bottom structure, and the lower seat 38 is provided with an opening for fixing. An additional boring and milling cutter 40 is mounted on the side boring and milling head 39 for auxiliary cutting.

The diameter of the workbench is within the range of 10-30 m, and the ratio of the height of the main shaft 11 to the diameter of the workbench body 32 is preferably 1: 1. Under the unchangeable condition of workstation diameter, increase main shaft 11's height and increase the workstation height promptly and be favorable to improving workstation rotational stability, because the counter weight of crossbeam and the supporting role of reinforcing support, crossbeam 1 length can further extend, consequently to 20 meters workstation even 30 meters workstations, also can normally process.

The platform body 32 is connected with the pedestal 31 through the main gearbox 10, and the platform body 32 is driven by the main gearbox to coaxially rotate relative to the pedestal 31; the lower part of the boring and milling head 5 can be provided with a milling cutter for carrying out various cutting operations; the boring and milling head 5 is an electric spindle milling head and has the advantages of large tool consumption and stable operation.

The crossbeam 1 is equipped with horizontal balancing weight 12 at the rear side of stand 2 for the horizontality of balanced crossbeam reaches static balance.

The cross sections of the upright post 2 and the reinforcing bracket 16 are rectangular hollow columns, so that the weight is favorably reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. The section of the core pillar 6 is a circular hollow column, so that the rigidity of the beam is greatly improved. The surface along the axial direction of the table core column 6 is provided with a groove 23 for accommodating components of the table core column lifting assembly 9, and the surface of the table core column 6 is symmetrically provided with two spring key grooves 24 for realizing the guiding function with the cross beam. The bottom of the stem 6 mates with the tapered bore 21 of the spindle 11. An upper bearing 7 and a lower bearing 8 are arranged between the main shaft 11 and the pedestal 31, the main shaft 11 and the pedestal are connected and positioned through a connecting nut 20, and the main shaft 11 and the workbench 3 are coaxially arranged.

A side tool rest 13 is arranged on one side of the bottom of the upright post 2, a side tool rest square ram 14 is arranged on the side tool rest square ram, an auxiliary boring and milling head 15 is arranged on the side tool rest square ram, and the side tool rest 13 on the upright post 2 on one side is located on the same side of the boring and milling head on the side cross beam, so that the cutting force can be balanced, and the integral stability of the equipment can be ensured.

A reinforcing support 16 can be arranged between the cross beam 1 and the ground, the inclination angle of the reinforcing support is opposite to the cutting force direction of the side boring and milling head, the reinforcing support 16 is of a two-section socket structure, the two sections of structures are connected through a worm gear lead screw lifting mechanism 18, and the length of the reinforcing support 16 is synchronously stretched with the moving distance of the cross beam 1 along the upright post 2 under the control of a numerical control system. The top connecting seat 17 is used for connecting with the cross beam 1, and the bottom is connected with the ground. When the machining center of the embodiment performs machining, sufficient supporting force can be realized without influencing the rotation of the workbench.

The side tool rest square ram 14 is connected with the upright post 2 through a side tool rest 13, the side tool rest square ram 14 realizes the lifting movement of the side tool rest 13 through a lifting ball screw 22, and the lifting movement of the side tool rest square ram is controlled by a numerical control system. An independent auxiliary boring and milling head 15 can be arranged on the side tool rest square ram 14 and belongs to auxiliary cutting, and the types of the auxiliary boring and milling head are generally 1-2 less than that of the boring and milling head.

In order to expand the application range, the workbench 3 can be further provided with a rotary workbench or a transverse sliding workbench 25 for completing the functions of gantry boring and milling, a gear milling machine or a rocker arm drill within a widened range.

The common double-column vertical lathe workbench cuts in the positive direction in the counterclockwise direction, and the positive lathe utilization rate is high. In the same way, the clockwise direction is reverse cutting, the stress of each part connecting screw and nut is taken as the main part during the reverse cutting, the force transmission effect is not good, and the utilization rate of reverse turning is only about 10 percent in the actual production and use of the vertical turning machine.

For a vertical lathe with a large-diameter workbench, a beam structure of a large-span double-column vertical lathe is common, and due to the fact that the beam is not rigid enough, when a large cutter is used for cutting, the workbench and a workpiece can generate resonance jumping. The problem is solved by the invention, in the technical scheme of the invention, the pillar is additionally arranged to form a reinforced upright post structure, the rigidity of the vertical lathe is increased, the large-edge cutting can be realized, and the cutting efficiency is greatly improved. The plurality of working units can cut simultaneously or respectively, so that the efficiency is greatly improved, and the cutting machine has outstanding advancement. When the scheme of the invention is used for floor type boring and milling, the rotary workbench or the transverse sliding workbench is removed to become a plurality of floor type boring and milling machines. When the scheme of the invention is used for a vertical vehicle, the reinforcing bracket is added, so that the cross beam forms five-point support, and the rigidity is stronger.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The multi-column multi-tool efficient composite machining center comprises a cross beam, stand columns and a workbench, wherein the cross beam is arranged on the stand columns, a stand column lifting assembly is arranged between the cross beam and the stand columns, the workbench is positioned below the feet of the stand columns, and the workbench rotates in situ, and the multi-column multi-tool efficient composite machining center is characterized in that 4-8 stand columns are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the workbench in a polar symmetrical distribution mode; a table core column is arranged in the middle of the workbench, a central beam sleeve is arranged on the table core column and connected with the table core column lifting assembly, and the far end of the beam is connected with the central beam sleeve through a flange; the table core column lifting assembly and the upright column lifting assembly synchronously control to realize the lifting movement of the cross beam; each beam is provided with a boring and milling head and a turning tool rest, and the boring and milling head and the turning tool rest move relative to the length direction of the beam through a beam lead screw; the bottom of the core pillar is connected with a workbench through a main shaft, the workbench comprises a pedestal and a workbench body, the workbench body is arranged on a bearing static pressure guide rail of the pedestal, the workbench body is meshed and connected with a gear ring on the pedestal through a main gearbox driving gear, and the workbench body coaxially rotates relative to the pedestal under the driving of a main gearbox; the at least one upright post is arranged on a post withdrawing slideway, the post withdrawing slideway comprises a sliding table, a base and a motor-driven ball screw, and the post withdrawing slideway is positioned in the pit;

2. The multi-column multi-tool high-efficiency combined machining center according to claim 1, wherein a reinforcing support is arranged between any one of the cross beams and the workbench, a plurality of connecting flanges connected with the reinforcing support are arranged at the bottom of the cross beam, the arrangement position of the reinforcing support can be changed as required, a connecting seat is arranged at the top of the reinforcing support, a lower seat is arranged at the bottom of the reinforcing support, a side boring and milling head is arranged on the reinforcing support, the reinforcing support and the side boring and milling head are connected through a worm gear lead screw lifting mechanism, and the side boring and milling head moves up and down along the reinforcing support under the control of a numerical control system.

3. The multi-column multi-tool efficient combined machining center according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the center pillar is matched with a tapered hole of the spindle, an upper bearing and a lower bearing are arranged between the spindle and the pedestal, and the spindle and the pedestal are connected and positioned through a connecting nut.

4. The multi-column multi-tool high-efficiency combined machining center according to claim 1, wherein the cross beam is provided with a horizontal balancing weight at the rear side of the vertical column.

5. The multi-column multi-tool high-efficiency combined machining center according to claim 1 or 2, wherein any one of the column, the reinforcing support and the core pillar is a hollow cylinder with a circular, square or rectangular cross section.

6. The multi-column multi-cutter efficient combined machining center according to claim 1, wherein a side cutter frame is arranged on one side of the bottom of the column, a side cutter frame square ram is arranged on the side cutter frame, and an auxiliary boring and milling head is arranged on the side cutter frame square ram.

7. The multi-column multi-tool efficient combined machining center according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the workbench is 10-30 m, and the ratio of the height of the main shaft to the diameter of the workbench body is 1: 1-3.

8. The multi-column multi-tool efficient compound machining center according to claim 5, wherein the side tool rests on the columns are located on the same side of the boring and milling head on the side cross beam, the side tool rest square ram realizes lifting movement relative to the side tool rests through a lifting ball screw, and the lifting movement of the side tool rest square ram is controlled through a numerical control system.

9. The multi-column multi-tool high-efficiency combined machining center according to claim 1, wherein a rotary table or a transverse sliding type table is arranged on the table.

10. The multi-column multi-tool high-efficiency combined machining center according to claim 2, wherein the reinforcing support is of a structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part, and an opening for fixing is formed in the lower seat.