CN112578073A - Experimental device for survey gaseous spontaneous combustion induction time - Google Patents
Experimental device for survey gaseous spontaneous combustion induction time Download PDFInfo
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- CN112578073A CN112578073A CN201910929700.1A CN201910929700A CN112578073A CN 112578073 A CN112578073 A CN 112578073A CN 201910929700 A CN201910929700 A CN 201910929700A CN 112578073 A CN112578073 A CN 112578073A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical safety, and provides an experimental device for measuring gas spontaneous combustion induction time, which comprises an energy supply unit, an experimental unit and a measuring system, wherein the energy supply unit comprises an energy supply section, an air source and an electric spark igniter; the experiment unit comprises a test section and a premixing system; the measuring system comprises a signal transmission device, a signal generating device and a measuring device for measuring the gas to be burned in the test section; and a diaphragm is arranged between the energy supply section and the test section, and a membrane breaking device is arranged on the diaphragm. The gas to be measured is rapidly heated and heated to reach or exceed the gas spontaneous combustion point by igniting the fuel gas, and the measuring system is started to record the state of the gas to be measured, so that the spontaneous combustion induction time of the gas to be measured is measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical safety, in particular to an experimental device for measuring gas spontaneous combustion induction time.
Background
The autoignition induction time refers to the delay time that elapses after autoignition of the combustible gas occurs at a certain initial temperature. The spontaneous combustion induction time is one of the important parameters of gas, and particularly, with the progress of the chemical industry in recent years, combustible gas mixing and reaction far higher than normal temperature conditions are involved in a plurality of industrial production processes, so that grasping and reasonably utilizing the spontaneous combustion induction time of the combustible gas is beneficial to improving the safety level of related process procedures and ensuring the safety of chemical process. The spontaneous combustion process involves higher temperature and shorter time, numerical calculation is mainly carried out by software such as Chemkin at present, and due to the defects of experimental means and the like, a plurality of related mechanisms and safe operation conditions are still unclear, and greater potential safety hazards exist.
In order to obtain accurate measurement of the spontaneous combustion induction time of the combustible gas, the mixed gas is required to reach specified high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in a very short time, and an experimental device is required to rapidly provide a uniform, isothermal and isobaric ignition or auto-ignition experimental environment; the test equipment must be able to perform high time resolution measurements and recordings simultaneously to determine the start and stop times of the auto-ignition induction process. In recent years, researchers achieve temperature rise of gas to be measured (CN205876692U, CN106089676A and the like) through a rapid compressor and then measure ignition delay time, the principle of the method is that compressed gas is adopted to push a heavy piston to rapidly compress the gas to be measured, the method has the advantages that the process is a physical process similar to isentropic compression, temperature and pressure are easy to control, the method is limited to the pressure of boosting gas, the compression time of the piston is often relatively long, and large errors can exist in the process of determining the delay time.
Compared with the kinetic energy-internal energy conversion process in the piston compression process, the method has the advantages that energy is provided through processes such as explosion to rapidly convert chemical energy-internal energy, the temperature rise process of the combustible gas to be detected can be achieved in a shorter time, meanwhile, the content and the initial conditions of the energy supply gas and the gas to be detected are accurately controlled respectively, various specified thermodynamic parameters such as temperature, pressure, equivalence ratio and the like can be smoothly reached, the measurement of spontaneous combustion induction time can be achieved through a sensor or a novel optical measurement means, and the method has a considerable application prospect.
In addition, in the aspect of measuring means, the conventional method mainly measures the change rule of the pressure or temperature of a specified point with time through immersion equipment, advanced measuring means such as high-speed photography, schlieren, laser holography, emission spectrum and laser induced fluorescence imaging are gradually enriched in recent years, and the method provides guarantee for accurate determination of spontaneous combustion induction time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental device for measuring the spontaneous combustion induction time of gas, which provides energy through the rapid chemical reaction process of fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas, quickly enables the gas to be measured to reach or exceed the spontaneous combustion point of the gas, and simultaneously realizes the capture and record of the whole process by means of a test system, thereby realizing the measurement of the spontaneous combustion induction time of combustible gas.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for measuring gas spontaneous combustion induction time comprises an energy supply unit, an experimental unit and a measuring system, wherein the energy supply unit comprises an energy supply section, an air source and an electric spark igniter; the experiment unit comprises a test section and a premixing system; the measuring system comprises a signal transmission device, a signal generating device and a measuring device for measuring the gas to be burned in the test section; and a diaphragm is arranged between the energy supply section and the test section, and a membrane breaking device is arranged on the diaphragm.
Further, the membrane rupturing device is a puncture needle.
Furthermore, a needle placing tube is arranged on the energy supply section, and the puncture needle is arranged in the needle placing tube.
Before ignition, the membrane is pierced by the pricking pin, and after the fuel gas explodes, the fuel gas penetrates through the membrane to transfer energy to the gas to be measured to heat the gas.
Further, the measuring device is a contact measuring device and/or a non-contact measuring device; the measuring device is connected with the signal generating device through the signal transmission device.
Further, the contact type measuring device is arranged in the testing section; the testing section is provided with a transparent window, and the non-contact type measuring device is arranged above the transparent window.
Further, the contact type measuring device is a thermocouple or a pressure sensor; the non-contact measuring device is an optical measuring and signal collecting device.
The measuring device can select contact measuring equipment (thermocouples and pressure sensors) or non-contact measuring equipment (optical fiber systems, schlieren, high-speed camera shooting, atomic absorption spectrum, optical filters/optical gratings, photomultiplier tubes and the like) according to the characteristics of different systems to be measured, wherein the contact measuring equipment is arranged in a cavity of a testing section, and the non-contact measuring equipment transmits and receives related signals through a transparent window (such as a quartz glass window) of the testing section.
Further, the premixing system comprises a gas cylinder to be tested, a first combustion-supporting gas cylinder and a mixing tank; the gas cylinder to be tested and the first combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the mixing tank through the gas path control device, and the mixing tank is connected with the testing section through the gas path control device.
Further, the gas source comprises a fuel gas bottle and a second combustion-supporting gas bottle; the fuel gas cylinder and the second combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the energy supply section through the gas path control device.
Further, hydrogen or methane is arranged in the fuel gas cylinder; the first combustion-supporting gas bottle and the second combustion-supporting gas bottle are filled with oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations.
Before the experiment, the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas (oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations) are introduced into a mixing tank according to the required equivalent ratio for mixing, and after the mixing is finished, the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas are introduced into a testing section.
Furthermore, all be equipped with manometer and vacuum pump on energy supply section, the test section.
Furthermore, the tail end of the test section is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief chamber is a large-volume metal cavity, and the pressure relief chamber is connected with the test section through a rupture disk or a safety valve so as to prevent or reduce the influence on the outside when the explosion energy is too large.
Further, energy supply section and test section are the tubular metal cavity of circle.
Furthermore, a heating belt and a heat insulation layer are sequentially wound outside the circular tubular metal cavity.
Furthermore, the diameter of the circular tubular metal cavity is larger than 100mm, and the thickness of the circular tubular metal cavity meets the maximum pressure resistance of fuel gas and a gas explosion process to be measured.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the fuel gas is ignited to rapidly heat the gas to be measured to reach or exceed the gas spontaneous combustion point, and the measurement system is started to record the state of the gas to be measured, so that the spontaneous combustion induction time of the gas to be measured is measured, compared with the traditional measurement device, the device can rapidly and accurately provide energy for the temperature rise of the gas to be measured, the heating process is short, and the interference of the heating link to the spontaneous combustion process is greatly reduced;
the method not only can accurately measure the spontaneous combustion induction time of different gases, but also can record and research other information in the combustion process by combining various testing means;
the device has the advantages of stability, reliability, high safety performance and the like, does not have complex internal components, is convenient to use, and is simple to clean after the experiment is finished; the method has the advantages of wide application range, quick temperature rise and pressure rise, high measurement precision, applicability to different systems, and application and popularization value for accurately measuring the spontaneous combustion characteristic of the gas and guaranteeing the safe operation of related process flows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for measuring the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a diaphragm and a membrane rupturing device;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of a spontaneous combustion induction time test based on the apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 and 4 are a pressure gauge and a vacuum pump; 2 is an energy supply section (comprising a heating band and a heat insulation layer); 3 is a diaphragm; 5 is a test section (comprising a heating band and a heat insulation layer); 6 is optical measurement and signal collection equipment; 7 is a transparent window; 8 is a pressure relief chamber; 9 is a signal transmission device; 10 is a signal generating device; 11 is a mixing tank; 12 is a gas cylinder to be detected; 13 is a first combustion-supporting gas bottle; 14 is a fuel gas cylinder; 15 is a second combustion-supporting gas bottle; 16 is a lancet.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, an experimental apparatus for determining a gas spontaneous combustion induction time includes an energy supply unit, an experimental unit and a measurement system, wherein the energy supply unit includes an energy supply section, a gas source and an electric spark igniter; the experiment unit comprises a test section and a premixing system; the measuring system comprises a signal transmission device, a signal generating device and a measuring device for measuring the gas to be burned in the test section; and a diaphragm is arranged between the energy supply section and the test section, and a membrane breaking device is arranged on the diaphragm.
As an embodiment thereof, further, the rupture device is a lancet.
As an embodiment, the energy supply section is further provided with a needle placing tube, and the puncture needle is arranged in the needle placing tube.
Before ignition, the membrane is pierced by the pricking pin, and after the fuel gas explodes, the fuel gas penetrates through the membrane to transfer energy to the gas to be measured to heat the gas.
As an embodiment thereof, further, the measuring device is a contact measuring device and/or a non-contact measuring device; the measuring device is connected with the signal generating device through the signal transmission device.
As an embodiment, the contact measuring device is disposed in the testing section; the testing section is provided with a transparent window, and the non-contact type measuring device is arranged above the transparent window.
As one of the embodiments, further, the contact measuring device is a thermocouple or a pressure sensor; the non-contact measuring device is an optical measuring and signal collecting device.
The measuring device can select contact measuring equipment (thermocouples and pressure sensors) or non-contact measuring equipment (optical fiber systems, schlieren, high-speed camera shooting, atomic absorption spectrum, optical filters/optical gratings, photomultiplier tubes and the like) according to the characteristics of different systems to be measured, wherein the contact measuring equipment is arranged in a cavity of a testing section, and the non-contact measuring equipment transmits and receives related signals through a transparent window (such as a quartz glass window) of the testing section.
As an embodiment, the premixing system further comprises a gas cylinder to be tested, a first combustion-supporting gas cylinder and a mixing tank; the gas cylinder to be tested and the first combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the mixing tank through the gas path control device, and the mixing tank is connected with the testing section through the gas path control device.
As one of the embodiments, further, the gas source comprises a fuel gas cylinder and a second combustion-supporting gas cylinder; the fuel gas cylinder and the second combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the energy supply section through the gas path control device.
As an example thereof, further, hydrogen or methane is present in the fuel gas cylinder; the first combustion-supporting gas bottle and the second combustion-supporting gas bottle are filled with oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations.
Before the experiment, the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas (oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations) are introduced into a mixing tank according to the required equivalent ratio for mixing, and after the mixing is finished, the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas are introduced into a testing section.
As an embodiment, a pressure gauge and a vacuum pump are arranged on the energy supply section and the test section.
As an embodiment of the method, further, the tail end of the testing section is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief chamber is a large-volume metal cavity, and the pressure relief chamber and the testing section are connected through a rupture disk or a safety valve to prevent or reduce the influence on the outside when the explosion energy is too large.
As an embodiment, the energy supply section and the test section are both circular tubular metal cavities.
As an embodiment, a heating belt and a heat insulation layer are sequentially wound outside the circular tubular metal cavity.
As an embodiment, the diameter of the circular tubular metal cavity is larger than 100mm, and the thickness of the circular tubular metal cavity meets the maximum pressure resistance of the fuel gas and the gas explosion process to be measured.
The working process is as follows:
the invention rapidly heats the gas to be measured to reach or exceed the gas spontaneous combustion point by igniting the fuel gas, and simultaneously starts the measuring system to record the state of the gas to be measured, thereby measuring the spontaneous combustion induction time of the gas to be measured.
The device has the following specific implementation mode:
(1) the amount of fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas is determined according to the experiment specification, and the fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas are premixed in advance and then introduced into the testing section.
(2) The diaphragm was selected and mounted in the correct position according to the experimental pressure conditions.
(3) According to the experimental setup or installation of the measurement system, it is necessary to confirm that the test element meets the maximum temperature or pressure conditions possible for the experiment if a contact measurement device is used.
(4) Checking whether all relevant valves, flanges and the like of the energy supply unit and the experimental unit are in a good or correct state.
(5) And (5) carrying out gas replacement, and checking the air tightness of the energy supply unit and the experiment unit.
(6) All experimental areas were checked for irrelevant personnel. After the irrelevant person is withdrawn, the next experiment can be carried out.
(7) Mixing the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas, introducing the mixed gas into a testing section, and adjusting a testing system to a specified temperature and pressure condition through a heating belt and a vacuum pump.
(8) The energy supply section is introduced with fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas, and is adjusted to the specified temperature and pressure condition through a heating belt and a vacuum pump.
(9) The experiment was carried out by igniting the fuel gas by pinhole rupture.
(10) After the air is exhausted, gas is replaced, and the diaphragm is taken out.
(11) And recording the experimental working conditions, and sorting and storing experimental data.
Example 1
The experimental device designed by the invention is used for measuring the spontaneous combustion induction time of methane, wherein the inner diameters of the energy supply section and the test section are both 200mm, the length of the energy supply section is 3000mm, the length of the test section is 500mm, the materials are all truss-ground seamless steel pipes, the inner wall is smooth, and the diaphragm is a circular polymer film carved with cross-shaped stripes. The design volume of the mixing tank is larger than that of the test section, so that a system to be tested which is mixed once can carry out multiple experiments, and the reliability of results is improved. The high pressure adopts a digital pressure gauge, and a valve, a pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge are all integrated on a control panel; all gas circuits are provided with manual and electromagnetic valves.
The fuel gas used in the energy supply section is hydrogen, and the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen; the system to be tested is a mixed system of methane and air. Before the experiment, firstly, nitrogen is introduced for replacement, then the device and the gas control pipeline are vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is less than 20Pa, so that the interference of residual gas is reduced. The gas required by a single experiment is introduced into the testing section after mixing is finished, the initial temperature of the gas to be tested is adjusted to 298K through temperature and pressure condition equipment, and the initial pressure is 50 kpa.
The method comprises the steps of puncturing a membrane by using a needle at the beginning of an experiment, igniting fuel gas by using an electric spark igniter, controlling measuring equipment to record time and related physical quantities, selecting a pressure sensor and a TDLAS system as the measuring equipment, and collecting information such as marker concentration, temperature and the like by using the characteristic that the narrow line width and wavelength of a tunable semiconductor laser change along with current, so that the spontaneous combustion induction time of gas to be measured can be determined. The test results are shown in FIG. 3. The result shows that the spontaneous combustion induction time of the gas to be detected at the temperature of 800K is 50ms, which is very close to the literature data, and the reliability of the invention is verified.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. An experimental device for measuring gas spontaneous combustion induction time is characterized by comprising an energy supply unit, an experimental unit and a measuring system, wherein the energy supply unit comprises an energy supply section, an air source and an electric spark igniter; the experiment unit comprises a test section and a premixing system; the measuring system comprises a signal transmission device, a signal generating device and a measuring device for measuring the gas to be burned in the test section; and a diaphragm is arranged between the energy supply section and the test section, and a membrane breaking device is arranged on the diaphragm.
2. The experimental apparatus for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas according to claim 1, wherein the membrane rupturing device is a lancet.
3. The experimental device for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas as claimed in claim 2, wherein the energy supply section is provided with a needle placing tube, and the puncture needle is arranged in the needle placing tube.
4. An experimental apparatus for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device is a contact type measuring device and/or a non-contact type measuring device; the measuring device is connected with the signal generating device through the signal transmission device.
5. The experimental apparatus for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas according to claim 4, wherein the contact type measuring device is disposed in the testing section; the testing section is provided with a transparent window, and the non-contact type measuring device is arranged above the transparent window.
6. An experimental apparatus for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas according to claim 5, wherein the contact measuring device is a thermocouple or a pressure sensor; the non-contact measuring device is an optical measuring and signal collecting device.
7. The experimental device for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of the gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the premixing system comprises a gas cylinder to be tested, a first combustion assisting gas cylinder and a mixing tank; the gas cylinder to be tested and the first combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the mixing tank through the gas path control device, and the mixing tank is connected with the testing section through the gas path control device.
8. The experimental device for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas according to claim 7, wherein the gas source comprises a fuel gas bottle and a second combustion-supporting gas bottle; the fuel gas cylinder and the second combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the energy supply section through the gas path control device.
9. The experimental device for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of gas according to claim 8, wherein hydrogen or methane is contained in the fuel gas cylinder; the first combustion-supporting gas bottle and the second combustion-supporting gas bottle are filled with oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations.
10. The experimental device for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas according to claim 1, wherein a pressure gauge and a vacuum pump are arranged on the energy supply section and the test section.
11. The experimental apparatus for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas as claimed in claim 10, wherein the end of the testing section is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief chamber is a large-volume metal cavity, and the pressure relief chamber is connected with the testing section through a rupture disk or a safety valve for preventing or reducing the external influence caused by the excessive explosion energy.
12. The experimental apparatus for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas according to claim 1, wherein the energy supply section and the test section are both circular tubular metal cavities.
13. The experimental device for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of a gas according to claim 12, wherein a heating belt and a heat insulation layer are sequentially wound outside the circular tubular metal cavity.
14. The experimental device for determining the spontaneous combustion induction time of gas according to claim 13, wherein the diameter of the circular tubular metal cavity is more than 100mm, and the thickness of the circular tubular metal cavity meets the maximum pressure resistance of the fuel gas and the gas explosion process to be measured.
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