CN112578072A - Device for measuring ignition delay time of combustible gas - Google Patents
Device for measuring ignition delay time of combustible gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN112578072A CN112578072A CN201910929626.3A CN201910929626A CN112578072A CN 112578072 A CN112578072 A CN 112578072A CN 201910929626 A CN201910929626 A CN 201910929626A CN 112578072 A CN112578072 A CN 112578072A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical safety, and provides a device for measuring ignition delay time of combustible gas, which comprises an energy supply unit, an experiment unit and a measuring system, wherein the energy supply unit comprises an energy supply section, a first gas source and an igniter; the experiment unit comprises a test section, a second gas source and a synchronizer; the energy supply section and the test section are provided with a hot melting diaphragm, the igniter is arranged in the energy supply section, and the synchronizer is connected with the igniter and the measuring system. Compared with the traditional measuring device, the device can provide energy for the temperature rise of the gas to be measured more quickly and accurately, the heating process is short, the interference of the heating link to the reaction process is greatly reduced, the ignition delay time of different gases can be accurately measured, other information recording and research in the combustion process can be carried out by combining various testing means, the device is wide in application range, applicable to different systems, and has application and popularization values for accurately measuring the combustion characteristics of the gases and guaranteeing the safe operation of related technological processes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of chemical safety, in particular to a device for measuring ignition delay time of combustible gas.
Background
Ignition delay time is one of the important parameters of a gas and refers to the time that it takes for a combustible gas to ignite by an ignition source until combustion occurs. Although the ignition delay time is also the induction time of the oxidation reaction under specific conditions, the latter provides an energy source for the gas, compared to the autoignition induction time, and therefore the ignition delay time of the same gas should generally be longer than the autoignition induction time. The variation in the ignition delay time can also reflect the variation in the autoignition induction period to some extent. The method has important significance in the fields of aerospace, chemical engineering and the like by mastering and reasonably utilizing the ignition delay time of the combustible gas. Because the ignition process involves higher temperature and shorter time, numerical calculation is mainly carried out by software such as Chemkin and the like, and because of the defects of experimental means and the like, a plurality of related mechanisms are still unclear. At present, the experimental device for measuring the gas phase ignition delay time mainly comprises equipment such as a constant volume bomb, and the like, wherein a researcher measures the ignition delay time by adopting an electric spark ignition mode after dropping a combustion agent through a peristaltic pump (CN107703178A), and the researcher also invents a method for measuring in an explosion reaction container by utilizing an electric spark and a photomultiplier tube (CN 105115920B). In recent years, researchers achieve temperature rise (CN205876692U, CN106089676A and the like) of gas to be measured through a rapid compressor and further measure ignition delay time, the principle of the method is that compressed gas is adopted to push a heavy piston to rapidly compress the gas to be measured, and the method has the advantages that the process is a physical process similar to isentropic compression, temperature and pressure are easy to control, the defect is that the pressure is limited to boosting gas, and the piston compression time is relatively long.
In order to obtain accurate measurement of ignition delay time of combustible gas under specified conditions, mixed gas is required to reach specified high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in a very short time, otherwise oxidation reaction and accumulated energy generated in the gas temperature rising process have great interference on ignition delay time, so that an experimental device is required to rapidly provide a uniform, isothermal, isobaric ignition or self-ignition experimental environment; the test device must be able to perform high-resolution measurements and recordings simultaneously in order to determine the start and end times of the ignition delay process.
The medium is heated by the energy generated by explosion, the temperature can be raised from room temperature to thousands of K high temperature within microsecond and the heating lasts for a period of time, and the shock wave is used for ignition, so that the method is an ideal method for measuring ignition delay time and has considerable application prospect. In the aspect of measurement means, the traditional method mainly measures the change rule of the pressure or temperature of a specified point with time through immersion equipment, advanced measurement means such as high-speed photography, schlieren, laser holography, emission spectrum and laser induced fluorescence imaging are gradually enriched in recent years, and guarantee is provided for accurate determination of ignition delay time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring ignition delay time of combustible gas, which can rapidly heat gas to be measured by the energy and shock wave of the explosion process of fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas, utilize reflected shock wave to ignite, and realize the capture and record of the whole process by means of a test system, thereby realizing the measurement of ignition delay time of the combustible gas.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the device for determining the ignition delay time of the combustible gas comprises an energy supply unit, an experiment unit and a measuring system, wherein the energy supply unit comprises an energy supply section, a first gas source and an igniter; the experiment unit comprises a test section, a second gas source and a synchronizer; the energy supply section and the test section are provided with a hot melting diaphragm, the igniter is arranged in the energy supply section, and the synchronizer is connected with the igniter and the measuring system.
The test section is separated from the energy supply unit through the hot melt diaphragm, the energy is transferred to the gas to be tested through the hot melt diaphragm after the fuel gas of the energy supply unit explodes in the experimental process, and the hot melt diaphragm with different maximum bearing temperatures can be selected according to specific conditions in each experiment.
Further, the first gas source comprises a fuel gas cylinder and a first combustion-supporting gas cylinder; the fuel gas bottle and the first combustion-supporting gas bottle are connected with the energy supply section through the gas path control device.
Further, hydrogen or methane is arranged in the fuel gas cylinder; the first combustion-supporting gas bottle is filled with oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations.
Furthermore, be equipped with first vacuum pump and manometer on the energy supply section. The vacuum pump adjusts the gas pressure in the energy supply section; the pressure gauge monitors the gas pressure in the energy supply section in real time.
Further, the measuring system comprises a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is arranged in the testing section, and the pressure sensor is connected with the synchronizer.
Furthermore, be equipped with the window on the test section, measurement system still includes optical measurement and signal collection equipment, optical measurement and signal collection equipment are in the top of window.
The measuring system can select contact measuring equipment (a thermocouple and a pressure sensor) or non-contact measuring equipment (an optical fiber system, schlieren, high-speed camera shooting, atomic absorption spectrum and the like) according to the characteristics of different systems to be measured, wherein the contact measuring equipment is arranged in a cavity of a testing section, and the non-contact measuring equipment transmits and receives related signals through a quartz glass window of the testing section.
Further, the second gas source comprises a gas cylinder to be detected, a second combustion-supporting gas cylinder and a mixing tank; the gas cylinder to be tested and the second combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the mixing tank through the gas path control device, and the mixing tank is connected with the testing section through the gas path control device.
Further, oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations are filled in the second combustion-supporting gas bottle.
Before the experiment, the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas (oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations) are introduced into a mixing tank according to the required equivalent ratio for mixing, and after the mixing is finished, the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas are introduced into a testing section.
Furthermore, a second vacuum pump and a pressure gauge are arranged on the testing section.
The vacuum pump adjusts the gas pressure in the test section; the pressure gauge monitors the gas pressure in the test section.
Furthermore, the tail end of the test section is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief chamber is a large-volume metal cavity, and the pressure relief chamber is connected with the test section through a rupture disk or a safety valve so as to prevent or reduce the influence on the outside when the explosion energy is too large.
Further, energy supply section and test section are the tubular metal cavity of circle.
Further, a heating belt and a heat insulation layer are sequentially wound outside the circular tubular metal cavity.
Furthermore, the diameter of the circular tubular metal cavity is larger than 100mm, and the thickness of the circular tubular metal cavity meets the maximum pressure resistance of fuel gas and a gas explosion process to be measured.
Furthermore, heating wires are arranged in the hot-melting diaphragm; the synchronizer is connected with the electric heating wire through a conductor wire.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional measuring device, the device capable of measuring the ignition delay time of the gas can provide energy for the temperature rise of the gas to be measured more quickly and accurately, the heating process is short, and the interference of the heating link to the reaction process is greatly reduced;
the device not only can accurately measure the ignition delay time of different gases, but also can record and research other information in the combustion process by combining various testing means;
the device has the advantages of stability, reliability, high safety performance and the like, does not have complex internal components, is convenient to use, and is simple to clean after the experiment is finished; the method has wide application range, is suitable for different systems, and has application and popularization values for accurately measuring the gas combustion characteristics and guaranteeing the safe operation of related process flows.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of an apparatus for measuring ignition delay time of a combustible gas;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hot melt separator;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of energy transfer during the experiment.
The system comprises a vacuum pump, a first vacuum pump, an energy supply section, a hot melt diaphragm, a second vacuum pump, a testing section, an optical measurement and signal collection device, a window, a pressure relief chamber, a pressure sensor, a synchronizer, a mixing tank, a gas cylinder to be tested, a second combustion-supporting gas cylinder and an igniter, wherein the vacuum pump 1 is a first vacuum pump, the energy supply section 2 is an energy supply section, the hot melt diaphragm is 3, the second vacuum pump is 4, the testing section is 5, the optical measurement and; 15 is a fuel gas bottle, and 16 is a first combustion-supporting gas bottle; 301 is a heating wire, and 302, 303 are conductive wires.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, an apparatus for determining ignition delay time of combustible gas includes an energy supply unit, an experiment unit and a measurement system, wherein the energy supply unit includes an energy supply section, a first gas source and an igniter; the experiment unit comprises a test section, a second gas source and a synchronizer; the energy supply section and the test section are provided with a hot melting diaphragm, the igniter is arranged in the energy supply section, and the synchronizer is connected with the igniter and the measuring system.
The test section is separated from the energy supply unit through the hot melt diaphragm, the energy is transferred to the gas to be tested through the hot melt diaphragm after the fuel gas of the energy supply unit explodes in the experimental process, and the hot melt diaphragm with different maximum bearing temperatures can be selected according to specific conditions in each experiment.
The first gas source comprises a fuel gas bottle and a first combustion-supporting gas bottle; the fuel gas bottle and the first combustion-supporting gas bottle are connected with the energy supply section through the gas path control device. Hydrogen or methane is arranged in the fuel gas bottle; the first combustion-supporting gas bottle is filled with oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations.
Be equipped with first vacuum pump and manometer on the energy supply section. The vacuum pump adjusts the gas pressure in the energy supply section; the pressure gauge monitors the gas pressure in the energy supply section in real time.
The measuring system comprises a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is arranged in the testing section, and the pressure sensor is connected with the synchronizer. The test section is provided with a window, the measuring system further comprises optical measuring and signal collecting equipment, and the optical measuring and signal collecting equipment is arranged above the window.
The measuring system can select contact measuring equipment (a thermocouple and a pressure sensor) or non-contact measuring equipment (an optical fiber system, schlieren, high-speed camera shooting, atomic absorption spectrum and the like) according to the characteristics of different systems to be measured, wherein the contact measuring equipment is arranged in a cavity of a testing section, and the non-contact measuring equipment transmits and receives related signals through a quartz glass window of the testing section.
The second gas source comprises a gas cylinder to be detected, a second combustion-supporting gas cylinder and a mixing tank; the gas cylinder to be tested and the second combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the mixing tank through the gas path control device, and the mixing tank is connected with the testing section through the gas path control device. The second combustion-supporting gas bottle is filled with oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations.
Before the experiment, the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas (oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations) are introduced into a mixing tank according to the required equivalent ratio for mixing, and after the mixing is finished, the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas are introduced into a testing section.
As an embodiment, a second vacuum pump and a pressure gauge are further disposed on the testing section. The vacuum pump adjusts the gas pressure in the test section; the pressure gauge monitors the gas pressure in the test section.
As an embodiment of the method, further, the tail end of the testing section is provided with a pressure relief chamber, the pressure relief chamber is a large-volume metal cavity, and the pressure relief chamber and the testing section are connected through a rupture disk or a safety valve to prevent or reduce the influence on the outside when the explosion energy is too large.
As an embodiment, the energy supply section and the test section are both circular tubular metal cavities. And a heating belt and a heat insulation layer are sequentially wound outside the circular tubular metal cavity. The diameter of the circular tubular metal cavity is larger than 100mm, and the thickness of the circular tubular metal cavity meets the maximum pressure resistance of fuel gas and a gas explosion process to be detected.
As one example, further, a heating wire is embedded in the hot melt membrane; the synchronizer is connected with the electric heating wire through a conductor wire.
The working process is as follows:
the invention rapidly heats and heats the gas to be measured by igniting the fuel gas, and starts a measuring system to record the state of the gas to be measured by utilizing an igniter (such as an electric spark igniter), thereby measuring the ignition delay time of the gas to be measured.
The device has the following specific implementation mode:
(1) the method for determining the consumption of fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas according to the specific experimental requirements can adopt theoretical calculation or experimental verification, wherein the gas introduced into a testing section is required to be a non-combustible system during the experimental verification, and the experiment determines the temperature and pressure change in the reaction process of the specified fuel gas, so that the energy provided by different fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas proportioning conditions is determined.
(2) The hot melt membranes were selected and mounted in the correct position according to experimental pressure conditions.
(3) According to the experimental setup or installation of the measuring system, it is necessary to confirm that the test element meets the maximum temperature or pressure conditions possible for the experiment if a contact measuring device (pressure sensor) is used.
(4) Checking whether all relevant valves, flanges and the like of the energy supply unit and the experimental unit are in a good or correct state.
(5) And (5) carrying out gas replacement, and checking the air tightness of the energy supply unit and the experiment unit.
(6) Mixing the gas to be tested and the combustion-supporting gas, introducing the mixed gas into a testing section, and adjusting a testing system to a specified temperature and pressure condition through a heating belt and a vacuum pump.
(7) The energy supply section is introduced with fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas, and is adjusted to the specified temperature and pressure condition through a heating belt and a vacuum pump.
(8) Utilize the fuel gas of some firearm ignition energy supply section, simultaneously, through synchronous ware control hot melt diaphragm, carry out the ohmic heating rupture of membranes to utilize collection equipment to begin to carry out experimental data collection in step. In the area close to the low-pressure end face after the reflected shock wave, the gas is in a stagnation state due to the two-time compression of the incident shock wave and the reflected shock wave, and ignition delay time measurement is carried out in the area. The energy transfer principle is described with reference to fig. 3.
(9) After exhausting, gas replacement is carried out, the diaphragm is taken out, and experimental equipment is cleaned.
Example 1
The experimental device designed by the invention is used for measuring the ignition delay time of the n-heptane, wherein the inner diameters of the energy supply section and the test section are both 100mm, the length of the energy supply section is 2500mm, the length of the test section is 2000mm, and the middle part is divided by a polyester diaphragm.
The design volume of the mixing tank is larger than that of the test section, so that a system to be tested which is mixed once can carry out multiple experiments, and the reliability of results is improved. The testing section is provided with a pressure sensor and a signal optical fiber.
The fuel gas used in the energy supply section is hydrogen, and the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen. Before the experiment, firstly, nitrogen is introduced for replacement, then the device and the gas control pipeline are vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is less than 20Pa, so that the interference of residual gas is reduced. And (3) pre-filling the mixture into a mixing tank according to the stoichiometric proportion required by the experiment, and introducing gas required by a single experiment into a testing section after mixing is finished.
The method comprises the steps of igniting fuel gas by using an igniter when an experiment is started, then controlling a synchronizer to fuse and rupture a membrane so as to rapidly heat and ignite gas to be tested by shock waves, simultaneously controlling measuring equipment by using the synchronizer to record time and related physical quantity, judging a great amount of OH generated as combustion time by monitoring a transient characteristic radiation spectrum of OH by the measuring equipment by taking the take-off time of reflected shock waves detected by a pressure sensor as a starting time, and determining the ignition delay time of the gas to be tested. The result shows that the ignition delay time of the gas to be measured under the pressure conditions of 1300K and 0.7atm is 300 mu s, which is very close to the literature data, and the reliability of the invention is verified.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. The device for determining the ignition delay time of the combustible gas is characterized by comprising an energy supply unit, an experiment unit and a measuring system, wherein the energy supply unit comprises an energy supply section, a first gas source and an igniter; the experiment unit comprises a test section, a second gas source and a synchronizer; the energy supply section and the test section are provided with a hot melting diaphragm, the igniter is arranged in the energy supply section, and the synchronizer is connected with the igniter and the measuring system.
2. The apparatus for determining ignition delay time of a combustible gas according to claim 1, wherein said first gas source comprises a fuel gas cylinder and a first combustion-supporting gas cylinder; the fuel gas bottle and the first combustion-supporting gas bottle are connected with the energy supply section through the gas path control device.
3. The apparatus for determining ignition delay time of combustible gas according to claim 2, wherein said fuel gas cylinder contains hydrogen gas or methane gas; the first combustion-supporting gas bottle is filled with oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentrations.
4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power supply section is provided with a first vacuum pump and a pressure gauge.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the measuring system comprises a pressure sensor disposed in the test section, the pressure sensor being connected to the synchronizer.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the test section has a window, and the measurement system further comprises an optical measurement and signal collection device, the optical measurement and signal collection device being disposed above the window.
7. The device for determining the ignition delay time of the combustible gas according to claim 1, wherein the second gas source comprises a gas cylinder to be tested, a second combustion-supporting gas cylinder and a mixing tank; the gas cylinder to be tested and the second combustion-supporting gas cylinder are connected with the mixing tank through the gas path control device, and the mixing tank is connected with the testing section through the gas path control device.
8. The device for determining ignition delay time of combustible gas according to claim 7, wherein the second combustion-supporting gas bottle is oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air with different concentration.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second vacuum pump and a pressure gauge are provided on the test section.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the end of the testing section is provided with a relief chamber, the relief chamber is a large-volume metal cavity, and the relief chamber is connected with the testing section through a rupture disk or a safety valve to prevent or reduce the external influence caused by the excessive explosion energy.
11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energizing section and the testing section are both circular tubular metal chambers.
12. The apparatus for determining ignition delay time of combustible gas according to claim 11, wherein a heating band and a heat insulating layer are sequentially wound outside the circular tubular metal cavity.
13. The apparatus for determining ignition delay time of combustible gas according to claim 12, wherein said circular tubular metal chamber has a diameter of more than 100mm and a thickness satisfying maximum pressure resistance of fuel gas, gas explosion process to be measured.
14. The apparatus for determining ignition delay time of combustible gas according to claim 1, wherein said heat-fusible diaphragm has a heating wire built therein; the synchronizer is connected with the electric heating wire through a conductor wire.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114264447A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-01 | 西安交通大学 | Injection type shock tube and method |
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Application publication date: 20210330 |