CN108918355B - Method for evaluating explosion sensitivity parameters of low-density polyethylene powder - Google Patents
Method for evaluating explosion sensitivity parameters of low-density polyethylene powder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating explosion sensitivity parameters of low-density polyethylene powder, which comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting five low-density polyethylene industrial powders with different granularities as test samples to obtain the median diameter of the test samples; the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out repeated tests by adjusting the temperature of a constant temperature furnace and the ignition energy of an electrode to obtain the data of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy under the conditions of various dust cloud concentrations and medium diameters; carrying out nonlinear fitting on the data of the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy to obtain a functional relation between the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud and the dust cloud concentration along with the median diameter of the dust; and predicting the lowest ignition temperature and the lowest ignition energy under the actual process conditions based on the dust particle size distribution and the dust cloud concentration on the premise of knowing the concentration of the on-site dust cloud. The method can realize the quick and accurate evaluation of the sensitivity parameters, namely the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy, by means of the technical parameters of the median diameter of the dust, the concentration of dust cloud and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dust explosion research, in particular to an evaluation method of low-density polyethylene powder explosion sensitivity parameters.
Background
Polyethylene belongs to typical synthetic organic materials, and polyethylene powder is flammable and explosive by combining the physical and chemical properties of polyethylene and the existing accident cases. The low-density polyethylene is the most important one of polyethylene products, is suitable for various molding processes of thermoplastic molding processing, and is mainly used for manufacturing various film products, injection molding products, medical appliances, blow molding hollow molding products and the like. In recent years, petrochemical industry is rapidly developed at home and abroad, the number and production capacity of low-density polyethylene production devices are rapidly increased, the processes of granulation, drying, pneumatic conveying, unloading and the like are accompanied by existence of high-concentration dust cloud in the whole process of low-density polyethylene production, various ignition sources such as static electricity, electric sparks, mechanical hot surfaces, friction and the like are easily generated, and dust explosion accidents are easily generated in local spaces if effective control is not performed.
The minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud are important parameters for representing the explosion sensitivity of the low-density polyethylene powder, and the method has important practical significance for the related process safety design, risk assessment and effective selection of accident prevention and control measures of the powder. The minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud are obviously influenced by various factors such as the self property of the dust, the distribution state of the dust cloud and the like. Under the premise that a dust sample and the physical and chemical properties of the dust sample are determined, the dust particle size distribution and the dust cloud concentration become core influence factors of the two parameters, related data aiming at the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the polyethylene dust cloud in the prior art are not comprehensive enough, data specially aiming at the low-density polyethylene dust cloud are more scarce, and a quantitative evaluation solution suitable for the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the low-density polyethylene dust cloud is not available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method for low-density polyethylene powder explosion sensitivity parameters, which can realize quick and accurate evaluation of the sensitivity parameters, namely the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy, by means of technical parameters such as median diameter of dust, dust cloud concentration and the like.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for evaluating a low density polyethylene powder explosion susceptibility parameter, the method comprising:
step 1, selecting five low-density polyethylene industrial powder with different particle sizes as test samples, and analyzing the particle size distribution of the test samples by using a particle size analyzer to obtain the median diameter of the test samples;
step 6, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the data of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy obtained in the step 5 to obtain a functional relation of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy along with the change of the median diameter;
and 7, calculating the lowest ignition temperature and the lowest ignition energy in the proposed process based on the dust particle size distribution on the premise of unknown concentration of the on-site dust cloud according to the functional relation obtained in the step 6.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the method can realize quick and accurate evaluation of the sensitivity parameters, namely the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy, by means of the technical parameters such as the median diameter of dust, the dust cloud concentration and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating explosion sensitivity parameters of low density polyethylene powder according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a standard experimental apparatus of a Godbert-Greenwald constant temperature furnace adopted in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a Harttman tube testing device used in an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following embodiment of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, and fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating the explosion sensitivity parameter of the low density polyethylene powder provided by the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the method comprises:
step 1, selecting five low-density polyethylene industrial powder with different particle sizes as test samples, and analyzing the particle size distribution of the test samples by using a particle size analyzer to obtain the median diameter of the test samples;
in a specific example, the selected test sample can comprise five different particle sizes, and the test sample is dried for 24 hours firstly;
the particle size distributions of the five test samples were then analyzed by a particle size analyzer to obtain median diameters of 13.74 μm, 62.15 μm, 82.97 μm, 120.8 μm, and 234.0 μm in this order.
in the step, the data of the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud of the test sample under the conditions of different dust cloud concentrations and different medium diameters can be tested by respectively adopting a Godbert-Greenwald constant temperature furnace standard experimental device and a 1.2L Harttman tube testing device according to GB/T16429-1996 'determination method of the minimum ignition temperature of the dust cloud and GB/T16428-1996' determination method of the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud.
For example, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a standard experimental apparatus of a Godbert-Greenwald constant temperature furnace adopted in an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a Harttman tube testing apparatus adopted in an example of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the standard experimental apparatus of the constant temperature furnace comprises an observation room 1, a constant temperature furnace body 2, a dust bin 3, a dust storage 4, an electromagnetic valve 5, an air storage tank 6, an automatic control press 7, a temperature control system 8, a regulated power supply 9 and a compressed air bottle 10. This 1.2LHarttman pipe testing arrangement includes compressed air bottle 11, manometer 12, gas holder 13, solenoid valve 14, automatic control and data acquisition system 15, dust diffusion equipment 16, ignition electrode 17, body 18, time delay system 19 and computer 20, and based on above-mentioned two testing arrangement, complete test procedure is:
1) firstly, the air storage tank 6 stores air with certain pressure by means of the automatic control press 7 and the compressed air bottle 10.
2) A certain amount of low-density polyethylene powder sample dried for 24 hours is filled into the dust storage device 4, and the dust storage device cover is screwed down.
3) The temperature of the constant temperature furnace body 2 is controlled under a certain constant temperature through a temperature control system 8.
4) The discharge of the air stored in the air storage tank 6 is controlled by a stabilized voltage power supply 9 and an electromagnetic valve 5, certain low-density polyethylene powder in the dust storage 4 is sprayed out, and dust cloud with better diffusivity is formed by the dust bin 3 and is uniformly diffused into the heating furnace body 2.
5) The combustion condition of certain low-density polyethylene dust cloud is observed through an observation chamber 1 at the bottom of a heating furnace body 2.
6) If a significant flame is observed in the observation chamber 1, it is considered to be on fire; if there is no flame or the flame appearance time lag is 3 seconds or more, it is considered that the fire is not ignited. When no obvious flame appears after 10 experiments under each temperature condition, the low-density polyethylene powder sample cannot be ignited at the temperature.
7) Data were recorded to clean the chamber 1 of residual solids and gases in preparation for the next minimum ignition temperature test.
8) On the premise of a pressure gauge 12, the air storage tank 13 stores air with a certain pressure by means of a compressed air bottle 11.
9) A certain amount of a low density polyethylene powder sample dried for 24 hours is filled into the dust diffuser 16.
10) The spark energy of the ignition electrode 17 and the data of the delay system 19 are set remotely by a computer 20 according to the actual test situation by means of an automatic control and data acquisition system 15.
11) The automatic control and data acquisition system 15 controls the discharge of the air stored in the solenoid valve 14 and the air storage tank 13, so that a certain low-density polyethylene powder on the dust diffuser 16 is sprayed out to form a dust cloud with good diffusivity and uniformly diffuse the dust cloud into the tube 18, and meanwhile, the ignition electrode 17 excites energy to ignite the dust cloud.
12) Observing the propagation of the flame within the tube 18, a flame is ignited if the flame propagates at least 60mm away from the location of the spark and not ignited otherwise.
13) The data is recorded and the tube 18 and dust diffuser 16 are cleaned of residual solids and gases in preparation for the next minimum ignition energy test.
For example, taking five sets of test samples as an example, the median diameters were 13.74 μm, 62.15 μm, 82.97 μm, 120.8 μm and 234.0 μm in this order, and the minimum ignition temperature and minimum ignition energy data obtained under various specific dust cloud concentrations and median diameter conditions are shown in tables 1 and 2 below, respectively:
TABLE 1 minimum ignition temperature data
TABLE 2 minimum ignition energy data
the obtained functional relationship between the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud, the median diameter of the dust and the concentration of the dust cloud is specifically expressed as follows:
wherein, the MITC is the minimum ignition temperature of the dust cloud and the unit is; MIG is the minimum ignition energy in mJ; dmIs the median diameter, and the unit is mum; c is the dust cloud concentration in kg.m-3。
in the step, specifically, according to the functional relationship obtained in the step 3, on the premise of knowing the concentration of the on-site dust cloud, the real lowest ignition temperature and the real lowest ignition energy under the actual process conditions are calculated based on the dust particle size distribution and the dust cloud concentration; specifically, on the premise of acquiring the dust cloud concentration of the process field, two parameters of the median diameter of the dust and the dust cloud concentration are substituted into the functional relation in the step 3, so that the real lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy under the actual process condition are obtained, the explosion sensitivity of a certain low-density polyethylene powder under the actual process condition is inferred, and the effective evaluation of the existing risk of dust explosion in the actual process is assisted.
for example, taking five groups of test samples as an example, the median diameters are 13.74 μm, 62.15 μm, 82.97 μm, 120.8 μm and 234.0 μm, and the obtained data of the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy under different median diameters under a certain concentration condition are shown in the following tables 3 and 4:
TABLE 3 minimum ignition temperature data
TABLE 4 minimum ignition energy data
Step 6, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the data of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy obtained in the step 5 to obtain a functional relation of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy along with the change of the median diameter;
here, the obtained functional relationship between the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy as a function of the median diameter is specifically expressed as:
MITC＝361.66534+0.66741Dm-0.00535Dm 2+1.48192×10-5Dm 3
MIG＝-0.88606+4.08581Dm-0.03357Dm 2+9.62022×10-5Dm 3
wherein, the MITC is the lowest ignition temperature; MIG is the minimum ignition energy; dmIs the median diameter.
And 7, calculating the lowest ignition temperature and the lowest ignition energy in the proposed process based on the dust particle size distribution on the premise of unknown concentration of the on-site dust cloud according to the functional relation obtained in the step 6.
And particularly, on the premise that the concentration of the dust cloud in the site of the proposed process is unknown, substituting the median diameter data of the dust into the functional relation in the step 6, so as to predict the lowest ignition temperature and the lowest ignition energy, and further assist in realizing effective evaluation of the highest risk of dust explosion in the proposed process.
It is noted that those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention are not described in detail herein.
The above evaluation method is described in detail below with specific application examples:
application example 1, a certain hazardous chemical production enterprise has a set of low-density polyethylene powder production process, in the process, dust explosion risks exist in a pneumatic conveying pipeline and a storage bin, and the safety risk status of the process needs to be evaluated according to the relevant requirements of national safety production supervision. In the evaluation process, the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust clouds at the two parts need to be fully known, so that the explosion sensitivity of the low-density polyethylene powder is inferred, and the dust explosion risk of the production process is effectively evaluated.
The minimum firing temperature and minimum firing energy data are first obtained in the following manner.
1) And testing by using a dust cloud concentration testing instrument to obtain the concentration of the low-density polyethylene dust cloud in the pneumatic conveying pipeline and the storage bin.
2) And respectively sampling in a gas conveying pipeline and a storage bin to obtain a certain amount of low-density polyethylene dust sample.
3) And testing by a particle size analyzer to obtain the median diameters of the dust samples at the two positions.
4) And (3) sequentially substituting the median diameters and the dust cloud concentration data of the two parts into the functional relation in the step 3 of the embodiment, and calculating to obtain the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud in the pneumatic conveying pipeline and the storage bin.
Application example 2, a chemical industry enterprise has a set of low-density polyethylene powder production process, and at present, the enterprise plans to add a dry bag-type dust collector at the end of the production process from the viewpoints of environmental protection and occupational safety and health, so as to collect residual low-density polyethylene dust in the production process. The dust remover has the risk of dust explosion during the operation process. According to the relevant requirements of national safety production supervision, the safety pre-evaluation needs to be carried out on the reconstruction process before the reconstruction process is constructed. In the pre-evaluation process, the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud in the dust remover need to be mastered, so that the explosion sensitivity of the low-density polyethylene powder can be inferred, and the maximum explosion risk of the dust remover can be effectively evaluated. On the premise that the concentration of dust cloud in the dust remover is unknown, the data of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy are obtained in the following mode.
1) And sampling to obtain a certain amount of low-density polyethylene dust samples in a local area of the installation part of the dust remover.
2) And testing by a particle size analyzer to obtain the median diameter of the dust sample.
3) And substituting the median diameter data into the functional relation in the step 7 of the embodiment, and calculating to obtain the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy data of the dust cloud in the newly added dust remover.
It is noted that those skilled in the art will recognize that embodiments of the present invention are not described in detail herein.
In conclusion, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can predict the lowest ignition temperature and the lowest ignition energy based on the dust particle size distribution on the premise of not knowing the concentration of the on-site low-density polyethylene dust cloud, and further assist in realizing effective pre-evaluation of the highest risk of dust explosion in the proposed process; meanwhile, the lowest ignition temperature and the lowest ignition energy under the actual process condition can be predicted based on the dust particle size distribution and the dust cloud concentration on the premise of knowing the field dust cloud concentration, and further the effective evaluation of the existing risk of dust explosion in the actual process is realized in an auxiliary mode.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for evaluating the explosion sensitivity parameter of low density polyethylene powder, comprising:
step 1, selecting five low-density polyethylene industrial powder with different particle sizes as test samples, and analyzing the particle size distribution of the test samples by using a particle size analyzer to obtain the median diameter of the test samples;
step 2, repeatedly testing by adjusting the temperature of the constant temperature furnace and the ignition energy of the electrode to obtain the data of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy under the conditions of various dust cloud concentrations and medium diameters;
step 3, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy data obtained in the step 2 to obtain a functional relation between the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud and the median diameter and the dust cloud concentration of the dust; the obtained functional relationship of the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud along with the median diameter of the dust and the concentration of the dust cloud is specifically expressed as follows:
wherein, the MITC is the minimum ignition temperature of the dust cloud and the unit is; MIG is the minimum ignition energy in mJ; dmIs the median diameter, and the unit is mum; c is the dust cloud concentration in kg.m-3；
Step 4, predicting the lowest ignition temperature and the lowest ignition energy under the actual process conditions based on the dust particle size distribution and the dust cloud concentration on the premise of knowing the field dust cloud concentration according to the functional relation obtained in the step 3;
step 5, comparing and analyzing the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy data obtained in the step 2 to obtain the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy data under different medium diameter conditions;
step 6, carrying out nonlinear fitting on the data of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy obtained in the step 5 to obtain a functional relation of the lowest ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy along with the change of the median diameter; the obtained functional relation of the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy along with the change of the median diameter is specifically expressed as follows:
MITG＝361.66534+0.66741Dm-0.00535Dm 2+1.48192×10-5Dm 3
MIG＝-0.88606+4.08581Dm-0.03357Dm 2+9.62022×10-5Dm 3
wherein, the MITC is the lowest ignition temperature; MIG is the minimum ignition energy; dmIs the median diameter;
and 7, calculating the lowest ignition temperature and the lowest ignition energy in the proposed process based on the dust particle size distribution on the premise of unknown concentration of the on-site dust cloud according to the functional relation obtained in the step 6.
2. The method for evaluating the explosion sensitivity parameter of the low-density polyethylene powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the particle size distribution of the test sample is analyzed by a particle size analyzer, and the process of obtaining the median diameter of the test sample comprises the following specific steps:
the selected test samples comprise five different particle sizes, and the test samples are dried for 24 hours;
then, the particle size distribution of the five test samples was analyzed by a particle size analyzer to obtain median diameters of 13.74 μm, 62.15 μm, 82.97 μm, 120.8 μm and 234.0 μm in this order.
3. The method for evaluating the explosion sensitivity parameters of the low-density polyethylene powder according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum ignition energy of the test sample under the conditions of different dust cloud concentrations and different medium diameters are tested by using a Godbert-Greenwald constant temperature furnace standard experimental device and a Harttman tube testing device.
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