CN107831028A - A kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust and method of testing - Google Patents
A kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust and method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN107831028A CN107831028A CN201711276487.6A CN201711276487A CN107831028A CN 107831028 A CN107831028 A CN 107831028A CN 201711276487 A CN201711276487 A CN 201711276487A CN 107831028 A CN107831028 A CN 107831028A
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003027 ear inner Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/008—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass by doing functionality tests
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust and method of testing, the test device includes blast cavity, venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate and dust cabin, three venting of dust explosion mouths is provided with the explosion chamber body；Setting is fluted at the blast cavity edge of opening, by the venting of dust explosion piece of the embedded varying strength in the groove, to realize different pressure release intensity；The venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate is fixed on the blast cavity by bolt seal, and the venting of dust explosion piece of varying strength is sealingly clamped in the groove；Gas handling system, two pressure sensors, a dust recycling device and two igniters are additionally provided with the blast cavity.Said apparatus can effectively provide constraint venting of dust explosion structure, and can change the key parameter of constraint venting of dust explosion structure, be applied in the experiment of combustible dust explosion disaster, can truly reflect explosion disaster feature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to combustible dust explosion test equipment technical field, more particularly to a kind of more mouthfuls of couplings of combustible dust to let out
Quick-fried measure of merit device and method of testing.
Background technology
In recent years, China's combustible dust accident occurrence frequency is constantly soaring, cause serious casualties, property loss and
Severe society's negative effect, Fauna of Kunshan, Jiangsu " 82 " aluminium powder explosion accident in 2014 have fully demonstrated the serious of dust explosion
Harmfulness and its explosion mechanism, the urgency and necessity of preventing and treating theoretical research.
Dust explosion originate from more it is various relate to the auxiliary equipments such as powder production containers and deduster, it is related according to country, industry
The requirement of technical standard, these installations and facilities should all install necessary explosion venting device.While their equipment with upstream or downstream
Realized and connected by structures such as pipelines, in this way, special venting of dust explosion structure is both included in installations and facilities main body, also comprising necessary
Interface channel.Dust explosion moment occurs inside it, more mouthfuls of ventings of dust explosion necessarily occur around the equipment, i.e. explosion disaster is not only right
Venting of dust explosion structure forms impact, also inevitable outwards to be propagated along pipeline UNICOM oral area, and then constitutes more mouthfuls of ventings of dust explosion.Multiple venting of dust explosion mouths exist
It is likely to interact during venting of dust explosion, and then the overall venting of dust explosion effect of the equipment is made a significant impact, simultaneously because blast
There is directive property in the propagation of shock wave, the different directions of multiple venting of dust explosion mouths are likely to aggravate the complexity and uncertainty of venting of dust explosion.
Therefore, the evaluating apparatus and method of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion effects are established, for more mouthfuls of couplings of effective evaluation actual production installations and facilities
It is significant to close venting of dust explosion safe effect.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust and method of testing, the dress
Constraint venting of dust explosion structure can effectively be provided by putting, and can change the key parameter of constraint venting of dust explosion structure, be applied to flammable powder
In the experiment of dust explosion disaster, it can truly reflect explosion disaster feature.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust, the test device include blast cavity, venting of dust explosion piece
Fixed plate and dust cabin, wherein：
Three venting of dust explosion mouths are provided with the explosion chamber body, the first venting of dust explosion mouth and the second venting of dust explosion mouth are symmetricly set in described
The two sides of blast cavity, the 3rd venting of dust explosion mouth are arranged at the front of the blast cavity and perpendicular to ground；
Setting is fluted at the blast cavity edge of opening, passes through the venting of dust explosion of the embedded varying strength in the groove
Piece, to realize different pressure release intensity；
The venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate is fixed on the blast cavity by bolt seal, and the venting of dust explosion piece of varying strength is close
Envelope is fixed in the groove；
The dust cabin connects with the explosion chamber body phase, and is provided with a dust cabin pressure sensor；
It is described blast cavity on be additionally provided with gas handling system, two pressure sensors, a dust recycling device and
Two igniters, wherein：
The gas handling system includes pneumatic valve group, for it is described blast cavity inside provide for produce blast can
Fire the mixed phase of dust and air；
The dust recycling device is used to spread the mixed phase；
Described two igniters are used to make the mixed phase after diffusion produce blast, dust cabin pressure sensor and another two
The pressure parameter that pressure sensor is used in fixation measuring blast process.
The test device also includes control system, dust cabin pressure sensor and another two pressure sensor and two
Igniter is connected with control system, is fought by the control system come control point and test parameters is wirelessly transferred.
The control system uses high-performance one chip microcomputer as core, can realize test firing and data acquisition certainly
Dynamicization.
The control system further carries out wireless monitor by terminal, and carries out data and be wirelessly transferred, and paints automatically
M- pressue-graph when processed.
The blast cavity is column structure, and the opening of the blast cavity, three venting of dust explosion mouths and groove are spherical.
The blast cavity and the material of venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate are steel.
A kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion effect testing methods of combustible dust, methods described include：
Step 1, critical technical parameter is determined according to test request first, the critical technical parameter includes venting of dust explosion mouth number
Amount, embedded venting of dust explosion piece intensity and venting of dust explosion direction；
Step 2, using venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate by set intensity venting of dust explosion piece be fixed on blast cavity venting of dust explosion mouth at, open
The main power source of experimental rig；
Step 3, weigh testing sample and by it down to the bottom of dust cabin, then the dust cabin is filled by control system
Pressure；
Step 4, the manual relief valve for closing blast cavity, manual vacuum pump valve is opened, taken out by control system control true
Sky, make to reach setting value with atmospheric pressure in the explosion chamber body；
Step 5, enter data acquisition setting interface using terminal remote operation, after setting parameter needed for experiment,
Igniter in the explosion chamber body is lighted a fire, starts test process；
Step 6, in test process, by pressure sensor test it is described blast cavity pressure data, according to test
The data obtained obtains distribution map of the explosion overpressure with the time, and obtains peak overpressure, obtains maximum venting pressure, completes venting of dust explosion effect
Fruit is tested.
The preceding preparatory stage is tested in the step 2, prepares tank of compressed air in advance, and in the tank of compressed air at least
Filled with the compressed air more than 2MPa；
The sealing of blast cavity is further checked, the upper lid of blast cavity is covered and fastens in place, use manual pressure release
Valve makes blast cavity internal pressure be balanced with extraneous.
In the step 2,
Electrode ignition mode is such as used, then electrode needle is made into two electricity through the igniter in explosion chamber body and fixation
The spacing of pole pin is 5mm, turns off the blast cavity；
Chemic ignition mode is such as used, then chemic ignition fuse is arranged in the igniter.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, said apparatus can effectively provide constraint venting of dust explosion structure,
And the key parameter of constraint venting of dust explosion structure can be changed, and it is applied in the experiment of combustible dust explosion disaster, can be truly
Reflect explosion disaster feature.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is provided the close-up schematic view of test device by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is provided the enlarged diagram of venting of dust explosion mouth by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is provided the schematic flow sheet of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion effect testing methods of combustible dust by the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, implemented as shown in Figure 1 for the present invention
The structural representation for the more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust that example provides, is illustrated in figure 2 the embodiment of the present invention
The close-up schematic view of provided test device, include in figure：Explode cavity 1, tank of compressed air 2, manual relief valve
3rd, dust recycling device 4, dust cabin 5, dust cabin pressure sensor 6, terminal 7, control system 8, pressure sensor 9,
Manual vacuum pump valve 10, igniter 11, pressure sensor 12, igniter 13, the first venting of dust explosion mouth 14, the 3rd venting of dust explosion mouth 15,
Groove 16, venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate 17, pneumatic valve group 18, the second venting of dust explosion mouth 19 and bolt 20.
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, the main body of the test device mainly includes blast cavity 1, venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate 17 and dust cabin 5,
Wherein：
Three venting of dust explosion mouths are provided with the blast cavity 1, the first venting of dust explosion mouth 14 and the second venting of dust explosion mouth 19 are symmetrical arranged
In the two sides of the blast cavity 1, the 3rd venting of dust explosion mouth 15 is arranged at the front of the blast cavity 1 and perpendicular to ground；
Fluted 16 are set at the blast edge of opening of cavity 1, passes through the embedded varying strength in the groove 16
Venting of dust explosion piece, to realize different pressure release intensity；
The venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate 17 is fixed on the blast cavity 1 by the sealing of bolt 20, by letting out for varying strength
Quick-fried is sealingly clamped in the groove 16, is illustrated in figure 3 the enlarged diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides venting of dust explosion mouth；
The dust cabin 5 is connected with the blast cavity 1, and is provided with a dust cabin pressure sensor 6；
Gas handling system, two pressure sensors, 9 and 12, dust recycling dresses are additionally provided with the blast cavity 1
4 and two igniters 11 and 13 are put, wherein：
The gas handling system includes pneumatic valve group 18, for being provided to the inside of the blast cavity 1 for producing blast
Combustible dust and air mixed phase；
The dust recycling device 4 is used to spread the mixed phase；
Described two igniters 11 and 13 are used to make the mixed phase after diffusion produce blast, three pressure sensors 6,9
With 12 pressure parameters being used in fixation measuring blast process.
In addition, as shown in figure 1, the test device also includes control system 8, wherein：
Three pressure sensors 6,9 and 12 and two igniters 11 and 13 are connected with control system 8, by the control
System 8 comes control point and fought to be wirelessly transferred test parameters.
The control system 8 uses high-performance one chip microcomputer as core, can realize test firing and data acquisition certainly
Dynamicization, in the specific implementation, SMD surface encapsulation elements can be selected, ensure that system has higher stability and anti-interference.
The control system 8 can further be carried out wireless monitor by terminal 7, and carried out data and be wirelessly transferred, automatically
M- pressue-graph during drafting.
In addition, above-mentioned blast cavity 1 can be designed as column structure, and the opening of the blast cavity 1, three venting of dust explosion mouths with
And groove 16 is spherical designs.
And above-mentioned blast cavity 1 and the material of venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate 17 can be steel.
Based on above-mentioned test device, present invention also provides a kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit sides of combustible dust
Method, the schematic flow sheet that the embodiment of the present invention provides more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion effect testing methods of combustible dust is illustrated in figure 4,
Methods described includes：
Step 1, critical technical parameter is determined according to test request first, the critical technical parameter includes venting of dust explosion mouth number
Amount, embedded venting of dust explosion piece intensity and venting of dust explosion direction；
Step 2, using venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate by set intensity venting of dust explosion piece be fixed on blast cavity venting of dust explosion mouth at, open
The main power source of experimental rig；
In the step, tank of compressed air can be prepared in advance before the test, and in the tank of compressed air at least filled with
Compressed air more than 2MPa；
The sealing of blast cavity is further checked, the upper lid of blast cavity is covered and fastens in place, use manual pressure release
Valve makes blast cavity internal pressure be balanced with extraneous.
In the specific implementation, as used electrode ignition mode, then electrode needle through the igniter in explosion chamber body and is consolidated
Fixed, the spacing for making two electrode needles is 5mm, turns off the blast cavity；
Chemic ignition mode is such as used, then chemic ignition fuse is arranged in the igniter.
Step 3, weigh testing sample and by it down to the bottom of dust cabin, then the dust cabin is filled by control system
Pressure；
In this step, dust cabin pressurising 1MPa, which is discharged into explosion chamber body, about produces 50kPa pressure；
Step 4, the manual relief valve for closing blast cavity, manual vacuum pump valve is opened, taken out by control system control true
Sky, make to reach setting value with atmospheric pressure in the explosion chamber body；
In the specific implementation, when showing about 0.220kPa with atmospheric pressure, manual vacuum pump valve is closed, and stop vacuum pumping
Vacuum, make to show about 0.250kPa with atmospheric pressure by opening manual relief valve, turn off manual relief valve.
Step 5, enter data acquisition setting interface using terminal remote operation, after setting parameter needed for experiment,
Igniter in the explosion chamber body is lighted a fire, starts test process；
Step 6, in test process, by pressure sensor test it is described blast cavity pressure data, according to test
The data obtained obtains distribution map of the explosion overpressure with the time, and obtains peak overpressure, obtains maximum venting pressure, completes venting of dust explosion effect
Fruit is tested.
It is worth noting that, the content not being described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention belongs to professional and technical personnel in the field's public affairs
The prior art known.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention is embedded in venting of dust explosion piece by the venting of dust explosion mouth in diverse location, can form a venting of dust explosion
The labyrinths such as mouth, symmetrical venting of dust explosion mouth and asymmetric venting of dust explosion mouth, more mouthfuls of couplings of combustible dust can be realized using this structure and method
The test of venting of dust explosion effect, understand instantaneous more structure Couplings and release to overall safe actual influence of releasing, modernization industry is given birth to
Production the becoming more meticulous of equipment, personalized secure design provide foundation.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can readily occur in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Enclose and be defined.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust, it is characterised in that the test device includes explosion chamber
Body, venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate and dust cabin, wherein：
Three venting of dust explosion mouths are provided with the explosion chamber body, the first venting of dust explosion mouth and the second venting of dust explosion mouth are symmetricly set in the blast
The two sides of cavity, the 3rd venting of dust explosion mouth are arranged at the front of the blast cavity and perpendicular to ground；
Setting is fluted at the blast cavity edge of opening, by being embedded in the venting of dust explosion piece of varying strength in the groove, with
Realize different pressure release intensity；
The venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate is fixed on the blast cavity by bolt seal, the venting of dust explosion piece of varying strength is sealed solid
Determine into the groove；
The dust cabin connects with the explosion chamber body phase, and is provided with a dust cabin pressure sensor；
Gas handling system, two pressure sensors, a dust recycling device and two are additionally provided with the blast cavity
Igniter, wherein：
The gas handling system includes pneumatic valve group, for providing the flammable powder for producing blast to the inside of the blast cavity
The mixed phase of dirt and air；
The dust recycling device is used to spread the mixed phase；
Described two igniters are used to make the mixed phase after diffusion produce blast, dust cabin pressure sensor and another two pressure
The pressure parameter that sensor is used in fixation measuring blast process.
2. more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the test dress
Putting also includes control system, dust cabin pressure sensor and another two pressure sensor and two igniters and control system
It is connected, is fought by the control system come control point and test parameters is wirelessly transferred.
3. more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The control system uses high-performance one chip microcomputer as core, can realize that test firing and data acquisition are automatic
Change.
4. more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The control system further carries out wireless monitor by terminal, and carries out data and be wirelessly transferred, when drawing automatically
M- pressue-graph.
5. more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The blast cavity is column structure, and the opening of the blast cavity, three venting of dust explosion mouths and groove are spherical.
6. more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The blast cavity and the material of venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate are steel.
7. a kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion effect testing methods of combustible dust, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
Step 1, critical technical parameter is determined according to test request first, the critical technical parameter includes venting of dust explosion mouth quantity, embedding
The venting of dust explosion piece intensity and venting of dust explosion direction entered；
Step 2, using venting of dust explosion piece fixed plate by set intensity venting of dust explosion piece be fixed on blast cavity venting of dust explosion mouth at, open experiment
The main power source of device；
Step 3, weigh testing sample and by it down to the bottom of dust cabin, then the dust cabin pressurising is made by control system；
Step 4, the manual relief valve for closing blast cavity, manual vacuum pump valve is opened, vacuumized, made by control system control
Reach setting value with atmospheric pressure in the explosion chamber body；
Step 5, enter data acquisition setting interface using terminal remote operation, after setting parameter needed for experiment, to institute
The igniter stated in explosion chamber body is lighted a fire, and starts test process；
Step 6, in test process, by pressure sensor test it is described blast cavity pressure data, according to test gained
Data obtain distribution map of the explosion overpressure with the time, and obtain peak overpressure, obtain maximum venting pressure, complete venting of dust explosion effect and survey
Examination.
8. more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion effect testing methods of combustible dust as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that
Test the preceding preparatory stage in the step 2, prepare tank of compressed air in advance, and in the tank of compressed air at least filled with
Compressed air more than 2MPa；
The sealing of blast cavity is further checked, the upper lid of blast cavity is covered and fastens in place, made using manual relief valve
The cavity internal pressure that explodes balances with extraneous.
9. more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion effect testing methods of combustible dust as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that in the step 2
In,
Electrode ignition mode is such as used, then electrode needle is made into two electrode needles through the igniter in explosion chamber body and fixation
Spacing be 5mm, turn off the blast cavity；
Chemic ignition mode is such as used, then chemic ignition fuse is arranged in the igniter.
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| CN201711276487.6A CN107831028A (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2017-12-06 | A kind of more mouthfuls of coupling venting of dust explosion measure of merit devices of combustible dust and method of testing |
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| CN109212154A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-01-15 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Gas burst Thermal-mechanical Coupling damage effect experimental provision |
| CN110095146A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-08-06 | 华北水利水电大学 | Venting of dust explosion wall monitoring device and its method for arranging with MEMS sensor-based system |
| CN113191067A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-07-30 | 北京石油化工学院 | Aluminum powder explosion overpressure prediction method and system in constrained space |
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| CN109212154A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-01-15 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Gas burst Thermal-mechanical Coupling damage effect experimental provision |
| CN109212154B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2023-11-10 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Gas explosion thermodynamic coupling destructive effect experimental device |
| CN110095146A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-08-06 | 华北水利水电大学 | Venting of dust explosion wall monitoring device and its method for arranging with MEMS sensor-based system |
| CN110095146B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2023-12-26 | 华北水利水电大学 | Explosion venting wall monitoring device with MEMS sensing system and arrangement method thereof |
| CN113191067A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-07-30 | 北京石油化工学院 | Aluminum powder explosion overpressure prediction method and system in constrained space |
| CN113191067B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2023-04-14 | 北京石油化工学院 | Aluminum powder explosion overpressure prediction method and system in constrained space |
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