CN112575978A - Aerated concrete block guniting and plastering construction method - Google Patents
Aerated concrete block guniting and plastering construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112575978A CN112575978A CN202011433595.1A CN202011433595A CN112575978A CN 112575978 A CN112575978 A CN 112575978A CN 202011433595 A CN202011433595 A CN 202011433595A CN 112575978 A CN112575978 A CN 112575978A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/047—Plaster carrying meshes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F21/00—Implements for finishing work on buildings
- E04F21/02—Implements for finishing work on buildings for applying plasticised masses to surfaces, e.g. plastering walls
- E04F21/06—Implements for applying plaster, insulating material, or the like
- E04F21/08—Mechanical implements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/02—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings of plastic materials hardening after applying, e.g. plaster
- E04F13/04—Bases for plaster
- E04F13/06—Edge-protecting borders
- E04F2013/063—Edge-protecting borders for corners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method for aerated concrete block guniting and plastering, and relates to the technical field of construction of constructional engineering. The invention starts from the building construction guniting technology, adopts the guniting technology to carry out base layer treatment when the aerated concrete block wall surface is plastered, and focuses on controlling wall surface plastering cracks when the guniting method is used for base layer treatment, so that the application of the guniting method in the aerated concrete block wall surface plastering is feasible, and meanwhile, the breakthrough is realized in the aspect of economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a construction method for aerated concrete block guniting and plastering, and relates to the technical field of construction of constructional engineering.
Background
At present, with the rapid development of house building construction in China, the construction technology is continuously mature, the requirements of construction standards are higher and higher, and the construction cost is continuously increased, so that huge pressure is brought to enterprises. The improvement of the construction process and the method is called as one of effective methods for inhibiting cost and improving efficiency of enterprises. In conventional building construction, the wall plastering construction process is complicated, more labor is needed for construction, the cost is difficult to control, plastering cracking is difficult to control, and unknown factors are more, so that the abandonment of conventional manual plastering and the application of novel wall plastering become the most outstanding improvement points in the current building engineering.
In the construction of high-rise buildings at home, in recent years, the production energy consumption and the construction efficiency are high due to the traditional sintered perforated bricks (concrete hollow blocks) and the manual plastering; cement mortar masonry and plastering construction, the consumption of materials such as cement, sand and the like is large, the construction period is long, and the transportation construction cost is high; the common quality problems of cracking and the like caused by hollowing and sedimentation of a plastering layer are difficult to control, and various reasons such as time consumption, labor consumption, material consumption, environmental pollution, economy and the like are gradually eliminated in the construction of building engineering, particularly in the construction of high-rise and super high-rise buildings, and the wall plastering method of autoclaved aerated concrete blocks and guniting is used as a substitute. The defects of high energy consumption, low construction efficiency, high transportation cost, empty and bulging of a plastering layer and cracking caused by settlement are overcome. On the other hand, the construction process and method are brand new and improved, the operation is simpler, the speed is high, the construction period is saved, and the construction efficiency is increased, so that the cost is saved, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the construction progress is accelerated. Therefore, the development and use of the autoclaved aerated concrete block and the guniting wall plastering are vigorously developed at home, and the development and use of the guniting methods powerfully promote the rapid development of the wall plastering process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a construction method for aerated concrete block guniting and plastering, which adopts guniting technology to carry out base layer treatment, can effectively control wall plastering cracks, shortens the total construction period by 5-10%, reduces the total construction time by 40% of secondary masonry plastering and saves the total construction cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention discloses a construction method for guniting and plastering aerated concrete blocks, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a substrate surface treatment step: cleaning dirt on the surface of a base body, and filling the positions of the upper wire box, the wire groove, the distribution box bottom box, the fire hydrant box and the gap of the filled wall body with 1:3 cement mortar to be recessed into the wall surface by 5 mm;
anti-cracking and fixing the steel wire mesh: selecting plain cement paste to fix the steel wire mesh at the joint of the concrete wall and the brick masonry and the through wall of the electric wire pipe, the fire box and the distribution box;
watering and wetting the wall surface: the wall body is watered and moistened from top to bottom to achieve the effect of immersing the wall body, the watering is carried out one day before the plastering for the first time, the watering is carried out 3 hours before the plastering for the second time, and the open water is avoided in the plastering process;
measuring and positioning to make ash cakes and punching ribs: determining a reference point on the wall surface by using a laser pay-off instrument, and checking and confirming the thickness of the plastering layer according to the surface flatness and the verticality;
making a screed by special mortar or embedding a special positioning ruler for plastering at the longitudinal interval of 1.2-1.6 m at the doorway of the wall, the external corner of the window, the internal corner of the wall and the wall;
and (3) protecting the external corner: plastering an external corner with cement mortar to form a corner protector, and plastering the corner to pass through each wall corner by 50mm when making a hole; when a door or window is made, one side of the door or window is smeared by 50mm, and the other side of the door or window is pressed into a frame material grey opening line, wherein the height of the door or window is 2 m;
furthermore, the internal and external corners have a square and straight structure, when plastering is carried out, an L50 multiplied by 5 long 50 cm angle iron tool is made to straighten the internal and external corners, and the square of the internal and external corners is controlled by a square ruler;
spraying and plastering and surface layer treatment: feeding a mortar pump, and spraying mortar, wherein the thickness of the sprayed mortar is higher than that of the standard rib or the special positioning ruler, and the spraying gun hand sprays the mortar according to the condition of the standard rib or the special positioning ruler, so that the mortar is uniformly leveled as much as possible through the leveling condition of the wall; the spray gun is guided to rapidly move back and forth along the horizontal direction at a constant speed, and circumferential guniting cannot be performed; when wall surface mortar is sprayed, the head of the spray gun is inclined upwards to avoid the right-angle type spraying on the wall surface, and the distance between the spray nozzle and the wall surface is 10-30 cm;
furthermore, when the door opening in the building is constructed, the installation position and the verticality of the door frame are checked, and the condition that the door frame is not parallel to the wall and the width of the door frame is different from the middle of the wall is avoided;
and (3) maintenance: and spraying water by using a sprayer for curing after finishing plastering the surface mortar for 24 hours, wherein the curing time is not less than three times per day and not less than seven days.
Furthermore, in the step of treating the surface of the matrix, 108-glue-doped plain cement slurry is selected to fix a 20-mesh steel wire mesh sheet with the thickness of 0.7, and each side of the steel wire mesh sheet is connected with 150mm in a lap joint mode, so that cracks are prevented from being generated at the joint of the concrete wall and the brick masonry due to different shrinkage stresses.
Furthermore, in the steps of measuring, positioning and making a plaster cake and a screeding, the thickness of a plaster layer is more than 7mm, the thickness of inner wall plaster is 20mm, the plaster layer is polished by a line vertical angle ruler pull-through line method, a pan angle is polished at a height of 1.8m, then a chin is polished at a position 15cm away from the ground, the line is hung straight, the heights of the upper chin and the lower chin are determined, and then the chin is leveled; the ash cake adopts the following raw materials: 3, preparing the cement mortar into a square with the size of 5mm and the distance of 1.2-1.5 m.
Furthermore, in the steps of guniting and plastering and surface layer processing, when the wall surface is guniting, 1m wide color strip cloth is arranged on a terrace 1m close to the wall edge so as to conveniently recycle the ground ash.
Further, in the steps of spraying and plastering as well as surface layer treatment, after the spraying of the mortar is finished, the surface needs to be immediately folded, a 2m aluminum alloy guiding rule is adopted to smear from bottom to top along the marking rib or a special positioning rule, and the scraped material is used for repairing the sunken part; if the mortar is slightly thin, the mortar is stricken off, after the mortar is slightly hard, a 2m ruler plate is used for checking the flatness of the wall surface, a slightly higher ruler plate is stricken off, a slightly lower ruler plate is used for compensation, and a small foam rubbing plate is used for rubbing off.
Furthermore, in the steps of measuring and positioning ash cakes and punching ribs, the thickness of the punching ribs is equal to that of the ash cakes, in order to facilitate corner making and ensure that the internal and external corners are vertical and square, the ash ribs are punched at two sides of the internal and external corners together, and the smeared ash ribs are scraped up and down by using long wooden bars according to the ash cake marks.
The invention has the following technical effects:
the invention adopts the guniting technology to carry out base treatment, and can effectively control the plastering crack of the wall surface; the spraying speed is higher, is more than 50% faster than the method of using the interface treating agent to process, is favorable to saving the time limit for a project, and the material and the manual work are both saved by more than 60%, are favorable to promoting the economic benefits.
The specific contents are as follows:
1. is simple and easy to operate. The operation is simple, and a person with special skills is not needed, so that a general masker can be skilled to operate;
2. the construction effect is good. Compared with other interface processing methods, the quality of the method is easier to control because of the interface
The problems of hollowing and cracking caused by improper handling are basically avoided;
3. the economic effect is good. Compared with the common method of processing by using the interface processing agent, the material and labor are saved by more than 50 percent;
4. the quality of the material is easily guaranteed. The interface treating agent has many varieties and is fake and genuine, and the quality of adhesives such as 801 glue and the like is easier to guarantee;
5. the speed is high, and the construction period is saved. The spraying speed is higher, and is more than 50% faster than the method using the interface treating agent, which is beneficial to saving the construction period;
6. the economic benefit is remarkable, the construction efficiency is high, the construction efficiency is 30 to 150 percent higher than that of masonry clay hollow building blocks, and the mortar can be saved by about 70 percent;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a construction method of aerated concrete block guniting and plastering.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
In the embodiment, the adopted data is a preferred scheme, but is not used for limiting the invention;
in this embodiment, the operation conditions have been satisfied: (1) the main structure is accepted by structure; (2) dust, dirt and oil stains on the surface of the masonry wall are cleaned up, and the brick wall is watered and moistened one day in advance; (3) the size of the door and window opening meets the design requirement, and the elevation meets the indoor horizontal line elevation; (4) after the wire pipe and the wire box, the indoor distribution box bottom box and the fire hydrant box are installed in the filler wall, the elevation, the plane position and the size of the wall surface meet the requirements. Making a gray cake immediately after the masonry of the filler wall is finished, and adjusting the size of the wall outlet face of the line box according to the thickness of the gray cake; (5) and (4) strictly checking the flatness and the verticality of the wall surface before plastering. The staggered platform and the uneven position of the concrete surface at the joint of the wall surface and the template with the flatness and the verticality which can not meet the requirements are polished; and (3) repairing (6) the defects of the concrete member by pre-burying and installing the outer window steel auxiliary frame, the electric pre-buried pipe and the water heating wall penetrating pipe.
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment provides a construction method of aerated concrete block guniting and plastering, which includes the following steps:
preparing for site construction, finishing the arrangement and the requirement of site construction machinery, and compiling a construction scheme;
in the embodiment, 3 pipelines are arranged in the outdoor surface row grid of each building overhanging the balcony of the outer vertical surface, one pipeline is an air pipe for supplying compressed air, and preferably, an air pipe with the specification of 4-minute caliber is selected; a water pipe for supplying tap water is preferably a water pipe with 6-minute caliber; one is a delivery pipe for transporting mortar slurry.
Furthermore, each floor in each building is provided with an interface and a switch for connecting compressed air, and all air pipes are connected with a large-scale air compressor to supply compressed air in a unified and centralized manner.
Furthermore, each floor of each building should be connected with a water supply switch, and water sources are uniformly connected to a municipal water supply network. If the water pressure is unstable or an underground water source with water quality meeting the relevant requirements is nearby, the water supply system is connected to the pressurized water supply pump in a unified way.
Furthermore, the mortar conveying pipelines are uniformly paved from the construction position of each building from bottom to top layer by layer along the outdoor construction protection.
In the embodiment, a construction scheme is determined according to engineering structures, geological hydrology, construction areas and surrounding building (structure) environment conditions, machines and tools are selected and prepared, and construction deployment, plane planning, labor configuration and unit building division are carried out; meanwhile, the slurry mixing proportion, the preparation and the treatment method are determined, and the material and construction machine required amount plan and the technical training are provided, so that the quality and the safety are ensured, and the technical measures are saved.
A substrate surface treatment step: cleaning dirt on the surface of the base body, and filling the positions of the upper wire box, the wire groove, the distribution box bottom box, the fire hydrant box and the gap of the filler wall body with 1:3 cement mortar to be recessed into the wall surface by 5 mm.
Anti-cracking and fixing the steel wire mesh: selecting plain cement paste to fix the steel wire mesh at the joint of the concrete wall and the brick masonry and the through wall of the electric wire pipe, the fire box and the distribution box; preferably, a full-adhesive steel wire mesh is adopted to reinforce an anti-cracking measure;
in the embodiment, the vegetable cement slurry doped with 108 glue is selected to fix the steel wire mesh sheet with the thickness of 0.7, and each side of the steel wire mesh sheet is connected with 150mm in a lap joint mode, so that cracks are prevented from being generated at the joint of the concrete wall and the brick masonry due to different shrinkage stresses.
Watering and wetting the wall surface: the wall body is watered and moistened from top to bottom, the effect of immersing the wall body is achieved, watering is carried out one day before plastering for the first time, watering is carried out 3 hours before plastering for the second time, and bright water is avoided in the plastering process.
Measuring and positioning to make ash cakes and punching ribs: determining a reference point on the wall surface by using a laser pay-off instrument, and checking and confirming the thickness of the plastering layer according to the surface flatness and the verticality;
in the embodiment, the thickness of the plastering layer is determined according to the surface flatness and the verticality, the thickness of the plastering layer is larger than 7mm, 10mm is selected in the embodiment, the plastering thickness of the inner wall is 20mm, and the wall surface with larger thickness is completed by multiple operations;
in the embodiment, the line is pulled through by using a line vertical angle ruler to carry out the beating, the disc angle is firstly beaten at the height of 1.8m, then the chin is beaten at the position 15cm away from the ground, the line is hung straight, the height of the upper chin and the lower chin are determined, and then the chin is leveled; the ash cake adopts the following raw materials: 3, preparing cement mortar into a square with the size of 5mm and the interval of 1.2-1.5 m, preferably 1.4 m;
in the embodiment, the screed or the embedded positioning ruler is made of special mortar at the longitudinal interval of 1.6 meters between the external corner and the internal corner of the window and the wall at the doorway of the wall body and the longitudinal interval of the wall surface, or the embedded positioning ruler special for plastering is embedded.
And (3) protecting the external corner: plastering an external corner with cement mortar to form a corner protector, and plastering the corner to pass through each wall corner by 50mm when making a hole; when the door and window is made, one side of the door and window is smeared by 50mm, and the other side of the door and window is pressed into a frame material grey opening line, wherein the height of the door and window is 2 m.
Spraying and plastering and surface layer treatment: feeding a mortar pump, and spraying mortar, wherein the thickness of the sprayed mortar is higher than that of the standard rib or the special positioning ruler, and the spraying gun hand sprays the mortar according to the condition of the standard rib or the special positioning ruler, so that the mortar is uniformly leveled as much as possible through the leveling condition of the wall; the spray gun is guided to rapidly move back and forth along the horizontal direction at a constant speed, and circumferential guniting cannot be performed; when wall surface mortar is sprayed, the head of the spray gun is inclined upwards to avoid the right-angle type spraying on the wall surface, and the distance between the spray nozzle and the wall surface is 10-30 cm;
in the embodiment, gravel and dust on the floor are removed before wall plastering; when spraying the mortar on the wall surface, 1m wide color stripe cloth is arranged on a terrace 1m close to the wall edge so as to conveniently recycle the ground ash;
in the embodiment, after the spraying of the mortar is finished, the surface needs to be immediately folded, a 2m aluminum alloy guiding rule is used for screeding from bottom to top along a marking rib or a special positioning rule, and the scraped material is used for repairing the sunken part; further, if the mortar is slightly thin, scraping treatment is carried out, after the mortar is slightly hard, the flatness of the wall surface is checked by using a 2m ruler plate, and when the mortar is slightly scraped, the mortar needs to be compensated, and is slightly scraped, and is slightly rubbed by using a small foam rubbing plate;
in the embodiment, the calendering time is well controlled, the mortar is pressed by hand, the calendering is best when the fingers are not stuck with the mud any more, clear water is dipped into a foam washboard for kneading the mortar, and a smooth iron trowel is calendered until the surface is relatively smooth;
in this embodiment, then carry out the quality inspection comprehensively, whether the inspection base levels, whether the internal and external corner is rule square clean and tidy, behind the pipeline, whether the internal corner handing-over department, the wall roof handing-over department are smooth, level to with the perpendicular and flat condition of 2m long scale inspection wall body, the internal corner of wall is removed flat from top to bottom with the internal corner ware, repaiies and smears and reserves hole, electrical apparatus case, groove on the wall.
And (3) maintenance: and spraying water by using a sprayer for curing after finishing plastering the surface mortar for 24 hours, wherein the curing time is not less than three times per day and not less than seven days.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The aerated concrete block guniting and plastering construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a substrate surface treatment step: cleaning dirt on the surface of a base body, and filling the positions of the upper wire box, the wire groove, the distribution box bottom box, the fire hydrant box and the gap of the filled wall body with 1:3 cement mortar to be recessed into the wall surface by 5 mm;
anti-cracking and fixing the steel wire mesh: selecting plain cement paste to fix the steel wire mesh at the joint of the concrete wall and the brick masonry and the through wall of the electric wire pipe, the fire box and the distribution box;
watering and wetting the wall surface: the wall body is watered and moistened from top to bottom to achieve the effect of immersing the wall body, the watering is carried out one day before the plastering for the first time, the watering is carried out 3 hours before the plastering for the second time, and the open water is avoided in the plastering process;
measuring and positioning to make ash cakes and punching ribs: determining a reference point on the wall surface by using a laser pay-off instrument, and checking and confirming the thickness of the plastering layer according to the surface flatness and the verticality;
making a screed by special mortar or embedding a special positioning ruler for plastering at the longitudinal interval of 1.2-1.6 m at the doorway of the wall, the external corner of the window, the internal corner of the wall and the wall;
and (3) protecting the external corner: plastering an external corner with cement mortar to form a corner protector, and plastering the corner to pass through each wall corner by 50mm when making a hole; when a door or window is made, one side of the door or window is smeared by 50mm, and the other side of the door or window is pressed into a frame material grey opening line, wherein the height of the door or window is 2 m;
spraying and plastering and surface layer treatment: feeding a mortar pump, and spraying mortar, wherein the thickness of the sprayed mortar is higher than that of the standard rib or the special positioning ruler, and the spraying gun hand sprays the mortar according to the condition of the standard rib or the special positioning ruler, so that the mortar is uniformly leveled as much as possible through the leveling condition of the wall; the spray gun is guided to rapidly move back and forth along the horizontal direction at a constant speed, and circumferential guniting cannot be performed; when wall surface mortar is sprayed, the head of the spray gun is inclined upwards to avoid the right-angle type spraying on the wall surface, and the distance between the spray nozzle and the wall surface is 10-30 cm;
and (3) maintenance: and spraying water by using a sprayer for curing after finishing plastering the surface mortar for 24 hours, wherein the curing time is not less than three times per day and not less than seven days.
2. The aerated concrete block guniting and plastering construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the matrix surface treatment step, a plain cement slurry doped with 108 glue is selected to fix a 20-mesh steel wire mesh sheet with the thickness of 0.7, and each side of the steel wire mesh sheet is lapped for 150mm, so that cracks at the joint of the concrete wall and the brick masonry are prevented from being generated due to different shrinkage stresses.
3. The aerated concrete block guniting and plastering construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the measuring and positioning step of making a mortar cake and a screed, the thickness of the plastering layer is more than 7mm, the thickness of the inner wall plastering is 20mm, the plastering layer is polished by a line vertical angle ruler pull-through line method, a pan angle is polished at a height of 1.8m, then a chin is polished at a position 15cm away from the ground, the line is hung straight, the heights of the upper chin and the lower chin are determined, and then the chin is leveled; the ash cake adopts the following raw materials: 3, preparing the cement mortar into a square with the size of 5mm and the distance of 1.2-1.5 m.
4. The aerated concrete block guniting and plastering method according to claim 1, wherein in the guniting and plastering and surface layer processing steps, 1m wide color stripe cloth is arranged on a terrace 1m close to the wall edge during wall surface guniting so as to conveniently recycle the ground ash.
5. The aerated concrete block guniting and plastering construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the guniting and plastering and surface layer processing steps, after mortar spraying is finished, surface folding is required to be carried out immediately, a 2m aluminum alloy guiding rule is adopted to smear from bottom to top along a marking bar or a special positioning rule, and the scraped material is used for repairing a sunken part; if the mortar is slightly thin, the mortar is stricken off, after the mortar is slightly hard, a 2-meter ruler plate is used for checking the flatness of the wall surface, and a slightly higher ruler plate is used for scraping off and a slightly lower ruler plate is used for repairing, and a small foam rubbing plate is used for rubbing off.
6. The aerated concrete block guniting and plastering construction method according to claim 3, wherein in the measuring and positioning step of making the mortar cake and the screed, the thickness of the screed is equal to that of the mortar cake, in order to facilitate corner making and ensure that the internal and external corners are vertical and square, the screed must be made on two sides of the internal and external corners together, and the plastered screed is scraped up and down by using a long wooden bar according to the mortar cake mark.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115898022A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-04-04 | 中筑信云发展有限公司 | Machine spraying construction method suitable for preparing dry-mixed mortar product from tailing sand |
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| CN115898022A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-04-04 | 中筑信云发展有限公司 | Machine spraying construction method suitable for preparing dry-mixed mortar product from tailing sand |
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