CN112554887A - Construction method of waterproof single-layer lining and waterproof single-layer lining structure - Google Patents
Construction method of waterproof single-layer lining and waterproof single-layer lining structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112554887A CN112554887A CN202011293087.8A CN202011293087A CN112554887A CN 112554887 A CN112554887 A CN 112554887A CN 202011293087 A CN202011293087 A CN 202011293087A CN 112554887 A CN112554887 A CN 112554887A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a construction method of a waterproof single-layer lining and a waterproof single-layer lining structure, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: s1) determining the positions of broken and/or weak surrounding rocks of the tunnel, arranging a plurality of rows of advanced small ducts at the arch parts of the broken and/or weak surrounding rocks, pre-injecting cement paste, and then performing hollow anchor rod construction and grid mesh arrangement and construction along the rock surface of the tunnel to form a support structure layer; s2) determining surrounding rock water seepage points existing in the tunnel, and performing grouting water blocking and drainage construction on the surrounding rock water seepage points to form a drainage structural layer on the support structural layer; s3) carrying out wet spraying base layer concrete construction on the rock surface covered with the grid mesh to form a base layer concrete layer, and then carrying out base layer treatment on the base layer concrete layer by using cement mortar to form a cement mortar layer on the drainage structure layer; s4) forming a waterproof material layer on the cement mortar layer through waterproof construction; s5) forming an outer concrete layer on the waterproof material layer by spraying outer concrete construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a waterproof single-layer lining construction method and a waterproof single-layer lining structure.
Background
The traditional lining method is a composite lining, and the bearing mechanism of the composite lining is as follows: the primary bolting and shotcreting support is a main bearing structure, and the secondary lining is used as safe storage. This method has the following problems:
1) when a rock stratum with joint cracks developing is excavated by adopting an explosion method, the excavated surface is uneven, the primary support and the surrounding rock are not tightly attached, and the primary support and the secondary lining are not tightly attached, so that the supporting effect of the lining on the surrounding rock is weakened; 2) the composite lining is waterproof by nature, and is passive, because the anchor-shotcrete primary support is not waterproof, the composite lining actually introduces underground water into the lining structure, a water space is formed in the lining, and water pressure is easily induced; 3) due to the problem of the lapping and welding quality of the waterproof boards, the waterproof boards are easy to puncture and damage in the binding and welding process of the two lining steel bars, and the like, so that the laying quality of the film waterproof layers is difficult to guarantee.
In order to solve the problems of the composite lining in construction, a new lining construction method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a construction method of a waterproof single-layer lining, which simplifies the construction process and has the advantages of convenient construction, short construction period, cost saving and the like.
The invention provides a construction method of a waterproof single-layer lining, which comprises the following steps:
s1) determining the positions of broken and/or weak surrounding rocks of the tunnel, arranging a plurality of rows of small advanced ducts along the radial direction of the tunnel at the arch part of the broken and/or weak surrounding rocks for pre-grouting cement paste construction, and then performing hollow anchor rod construction and grid mesh arrangement and construction along the rock surface of the tunnel to form a support structure layer;
s2) determining surrounding rock water seepage points existing in the tunnel, and performing grouting water blocking and drainage construction on the surrounding rock water seepage points to form a drainage structural layer on the support structural layer;
s3) carrying out wet spraying base layer concrete construction on the rock surface covering the grid mesh to form a base layer concrete layer, and then carrying out base layer treatment on the base layer concrete layer by using cement mortar to form a cement mortar layer on the drainage structure layer;
s4) forming a waterproof material layer on the cement mortar layer through waterproof construction;
s5) forming an outer concrete layer on the waterproof material layer by spraying outer concrete construction.
Preferably, in step S1), every two adjacent rows of small tubes are horizontally overlapped by using a steel frame, and the horizontal overlapping length is greater than or equal to a predetermined length.
Preferably, in step S1), the hollow anchor includes: a hollow anchor rod body; the connecting sleeve is used for connecting the hollow anchor rod body and the grouting pipe; the nut is used for locking the hollow anchor rod body on the surface of the surrounding rock; the plastic exhaust pipe is inserted into the inner cavity of the hollow anchor rod body and used for exhausting; and a grout stop plug for sealing the outer port of the hollow anchor rod body.
Preferably, in step S1), performing hollow bolt construction, including:
lofting to determine the anchor hole position of the hollow anchor rod body;
determining the working position of the drilling machine according to the drilling angle;
drilling the anchor rod hole by using a drilling machine, and cleaning the hole after drilling the anchor rod hole;
inserting a grouting pipe into the anchor rod hole to perform grouting operation;
under the condition that grouting liquid in the anchor rod hole is not solidified, inserting the hollow anchor rod body into the grouting liquid, and sleeving and screwing the nut on the hollow anchor rod body;
and carrying out uplift resistance inspection and mortar plumpness inspection on the hollow anchor rod.
Preferably, in step S1), the grid mesh construction is performed, including:
a plurality of circumferential reinforcing steel bars are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rock surface of the tunnel;
and a plurality of transverse reinforcing steel bars are arranged on the plurality of circumferential steel bars in a vertical manner.
Preferably, in step S2), performing drainage construction, including:
arranging a drain pipe at the position of the water seepage point of the surrounding rock surrounding the tunnel; arranging a water guide pipe at the bottom of the tunnel along the axial direction; and communicating the drain pipe with the water guide pipe so as to guide and discharge the seepage water of the seepage point.
Preferably, the drain pipe is an omega-shaped spring drain half pipe.
Preferably, in step S3), spraying base concrete on the rock surface covering the grid mesh by using high-strength fiber concrete.
Preferably, in step S4), the waterproofing includes:
and spraying a waterproof material on the cement mortar layer to form a waterproof membrane.
The invention also provides a waterproof single-layer lining structure, which is formed by adopting the construction method of any one of the waterproof single-layer lining, and the waterproof single-layer lining structure comprises the following components: along the tunnel radially by rock face to tunnel in the supporting construction layer, drainage structure layer, basic unit concrete layer, cement mortar layer, waterproof material layer and the outer concrete layer that forms in proper order.
The construction method of the waterproof single-layer lining provided by the invention cancels waterproof board and two-lining construction aiming at the problems of the traditional composite lining, adopts single-layer lining construction, fundamentally changes the construction process of tunnel lining, arranges and constructs hollow anchor rod construction and grid mesh along the rock surface of a tunnel after pre-pouring cement paste construction, and carries out wet spraying base layer concrete construction on the rock surface covering the grid mesh to form a base layer concrete layer which can be used as permanent primary building and can be tightly attached to the rock surface, thereby solving the problem of untight attachment between surrounding rocks and primary supports as well as between the primary supports and the secondary lining; by arranging the drainage structure layer, the problem that water is easy to store in the lining is solved; need not set up the waterproof board, but the construction forms cement mortar layer on the drainage structural layer form waterproof material layer through waterproof construction on the cement mortar layer and solve waterproof problem, not only simplified construction process, still can be through the radial and vertically resistance to sliding between each concrete layer for each concrete layer forms common bearing system, improves bearing capacity, has construction convenience, and the time limit for a project is shorter, practices thrift advantages such as cost.
Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the embodiments of the invention without limiting the embodiments of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a construction method of a waterproof type single-layer lining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a sectional view of tunnel construction in a construction method of a waterproof type single-layer lining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a view showing the arrangement of a grid mesh on a rock surface of a tunnel in a construction method of a waterproof type single-layer lining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating installation of a drain pipe and a water guide pipe in a construction method of a waterproof type single-layer lining according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1 leading small catheter 2 hollow anchor rod
3 grid mesh 301 hoop reinforcing steel bar
302 transverse reinforcing steel bar 4 drain pipe
5 water guide pipe 501 drain hole
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The traditional lining method is a composite lining, and has the problems that the surrounding rock and the primary support are not tightly attached to the secondary lining, a water space is formed inside the lining, so that water pressure is easily induced, and the waterproof plate is easily punctured and damaged in the binding and welding process of the two lining steel bars.
The invention provides a construction method of a waterproof single-layer lining, which comprises the following steps as shown in figures 1-4:
s1) determining the position of broken and/or weak surrounding rocks of the tunnel, arranging a plurality of rows of small advanced ducts 1 along the radial direction of the tunnel at the arch part of the broken and/or weak surrounding rocks for pre-grouting cement paste construction, and then performing hollow anchor rod 2 construction and grid mesh 3 arrangement and construction along the rock surface of the tunnel to form a support structure layer;
s2) determining surrounding rock water seepage points existing in the tunnel, and performing grouting water blocking and drainage construction on the surrounding rock water seepage points to form a drainage structural layer on the support structural layer;
s3) performing wet shotcreting of a base concrete layer on a rock surface covering the grid mesh 3 to form a base concrete layer, and then performing base treatment on the base concrete layer using cement mortar to form a cement mortar layer on the drainage structure layer;
s4) forming a waterproof material layer on the cement mortar layer through waterproof construction;
s5) forming an outer concrete layer on the waterproof material layer by spraying outer concrete construction.
Aiming at the problems of the traditional composite lining, the construction of a waterproof plate and a secondary lining is cancelled, single-layer lining construction is adopted, the construction process of tunnel lining is fundamentally changed, after pre-grouting cement paste construction, hollow anchor rods 2 and grid meshes 3 are arranged and constructed along the rock surface of a tunnel, wet-spraying base layer concrete construction is carried out on the rock surface covering the grid meshes 3, a formed base layer concrete layer can be used as a permanent primary building and can be tightly attached to the rock surface, and the problem that the attaching between surrounding rocks and primary supports and between the primary supports and the secondary lining is not tight is solved; by arranging the drainage structure layer, the problem that water is easy to store in the lining is solved; need not set up the waterproof board, but the construction forms cement mortar layer on the drainage structural layer form waterproof material layer through waterproof construction on the cement mortar layer and solve waterproof problem, not only simplified construction process, still can be through the radial and vertically resistance to sliding between each concrete layer for each concrete layer forms common bearing system, improves bearing capacity, has construction convenience, and the time limit for a project is shorter, practices thrift advantages such as cost.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the construction method of the waterproof single-layer lining provided by the invention comprises the following steps: s1), determining the positions of broken and/or weak surrounding rocks of the tunnel, and arranging multiple rows of advanced small ducts 1 at the arch part of the broken and/or weak surrounding rocks along the radial direction of the tunnel for pre-grouting cement paste construction so as to reinforce the broken and/or weak surrounding rocks of the tunnel and ensure the smooth proceeding of subsequent construction.
Wherein, every two adjacent rows of small pipes are horizontally lapped by using a steel frame, and the horizontal lapping length is more than or equal to a preset length. For example, the advanced small pipes of phi 42 are arranged at the position of an arch part which is broken and/or soft surrounding rock, the multi-row advanced small pipes 1 can be arranged in a quincunx manner, the arch part is combined with the advanced small pipes 1 to reinforce the stratum by pre-injected cement paste, the advanced small pipes 1 are matched with a steel frame for use, the horizontal lap joint length of two adjacent rows of small pipes is not less than 2m, and a good reinforcing effect can be achieved.
After the reinforcement using the small advance pipe 1, the construction of the hollow anchor rods 2 and the arrangement and construction of the grid mesh 3 are performed along the tunnel rock surface to form a support structure layer.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1), the hollow anchor 2 includes: a hollow anchor rod 2 body; the connecting sleeve is used for connecting the hollow anchor rod 2 body and the grouting pipe; the nut is used for locking the hollow anchor rod 2 body on the surface of surrounding rock; a plastic exhaust pipe inserted into the inner cavity of the hollow anchor rod 2 for exhausting; and a grout stop plug for sealing the outer port of the hollow anchor rod 2 body.
The connecting sleeve is a sleeve with internal threads and is used for connecting the hollow anchor rod 2 body and a grouting pipe or for connecting the hollow anchor rod 2 bodies to each other so as to lengthen the length of the hollow anchor rod 2; a backing plate is arranged between the nut and the surrounding rock, and the anchoring force of the hollow anchor rod 2 is transferred to the nut and the backing plate and is locked on the surface of the surrounding rock; the plastic exhaust pipe is used for exhausting in the anchor rod hole to enable grouting exhaust to form a channel; and after grouting is finished, sealing the outer port of the hollow anchor rod 2 by using a grout stop plug to prevent grouting liquid from overflowing, so that the hollow anchor rod 2 can meet the requirement on durability and can be used as a permanent support measure.
Specifically, the hollow anchor 2 construction is performed, including: lofting to determine the position of an anchor rod hole of the hollow anchor rod 2 body, wherein each hollow anchor rod 2 can be arranged in a quincunx shape; determining the working position of the drilling machine according to the drilling angle;
drilling by using a drilling machine to form the anchor rod hole, and cleaning the hole after drilling the anchor rod hole; specifically, a simple bench is erected by utilizing an excavation step to drill, and holes are distributed according to a designed interval; adopting a pneumatic rock drill to form a hole, wherein the drilling direction is vertical to the structural surface or the surface of the primary sprayed concrete, the hole of the anchor rod is 15mm larger than the rod diameter, and the depth error is less than +/-50 mm; and after the hole is formed, high-pressure air is adopted for hole cleaning operation.
Inserting a grouting pipe into the anchor rod hole to perform grouting operation; under the condition that the grouting liquid in the anchor rod hole is not solidified, inserting the hollow anchor rod 2 body into the grouting liquid, sleeving the nut on the hollow anchor rod 2 body and screwing down; and (4) carrying out uplift resistance inspection and mortar plumpness inspection on the hollow anchor rod 2 so as to ensure the construction quality of the hollow anchor rod 2.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in step S1), the grid mesh 3 construction is performed, including: a plurality of circumferential reinforcing steel bars 301 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rock surface of the tunnel; perpendicular to many annular reinforcing bars 301 set up many horizontal reinforcing bars 302, and many annular reinforcing bars 301 and many horizontal reinforcing bars 302 have constituteed grid net piece 3 jointly.
Specifically, the circumferential steel bars 301 may be formed by 6 steel bars with a diameter of 22, the distance between every two steel bars is 0.1m, and the plurality of transverse reinforcing steel bars 302 and the plurality of circumferential steel bars 301 are fixed by using a welding process. The transverse reinforcing steel bar 302 is arranged at the position of the hollow anchor rod 2, and can play a role in fixing the position of the hollow anchor rod 2, so that the supporting capacity is improved.
Each annular reinforcing steel bar 301 arranged in the annular direction is formed by splicing and welding segmented arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars, and a segmented plate is arranged between two segmented arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars to connect the adjacent arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars, so that the segmented arc-shaped reinforcing steel bars can be fixed into a whole; the hollow anchor rod 2 is welded and fixed with adjacent circumferential reinforcing steel bars 301 and/or transverse reinforcing steel bars 302.
When the tunnel joint development section has the conditions of strand gushing water, crack linear water pouring and planar water pouring, crack grouting plugging or drainage measures are adopted for treatment, so that the condition of no open water is achieved. According to the technical scheme, step S2) is carried out to determine that a surrounding rock water seepage point exists in the tunnel, grouting and water plugging are carried out on the surrounding rock water seepage point, and drainage construction is carried out on the water still flowing out without drainage after treatment, so that a drainage structure layer is formed on the support structure layer.
Specifically, in step S2), drainage construction is performed, including: arranging a drain pipe 4 at the position of the water seepage point of the surrounding rock surrounding the tunnel; a water guide pipe 5 is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel along the axial direction; will drain pipe 4 with aqueduct 5 intercommunication, in order to right the infiltration of infiltration point is drawn and is arranged, forms hoop and vertical drainage system, draws the drainage to the lateral gutter in with the infiltration water, has solved the problem of building inside deposit water just.
The drainage pipes 4 are omega-shaped spring drainage half pipes, are arranged along the water leakage position and are connected with the water guide pipe 5 at the bottom of the tunnel for drainage, and the number and the intervals of the drainage pipes 4 are arranged according to the situation of field water leakage points. The water guide pipe 5 is provided with a water discharge hole 501 connected to a water discharge port of the water discharge pipe 4.
The installation operation steps of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe comprise: fixing the half pipe at a position to be installed by using a shooting nail with a plastic gasket; the shooting nails are arranged on two sides of the half pipe in a staggered mode, and the half pipe is fixed through an omega-shaped spring clamp; using mortar to seal edges of the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipes, and smearing a thin layer of mortar on a plastic film to increase the adhesive force with the sprayed mortar; sealing the half pipe by using low wind pressure spraying quick setting mortar; and spraying a first layer of fiber concrete on the omega-shaped spring drainage half pipe to a designed thickness.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, step S3) is to perform wet-spraying base layer concrete construction on the rock surface covering the grid mesh 3 to form a base layer concrete layer, and then to perform base layer treatment on the base layer concrete layer by using cement mortar to form a cement mortar layer on the drainage structure layer.
The wet sprayed concrete has the characteristics of fast strength increase, high early strength, strong cohesive force, large density and good impermeability, can better fill recesses of cracks between rock masses, increase the integrity of surrounding rocks, prevent the weathering and loosening of free surfaces, work together with the surrounding rocks, does not need a die, saves the manufacturing cost and has fast construction speed. By using a wet spraying process, the rebound loss can be reduced by 7-15% in the spraying process, the adhesiveness with surrounding rock is better, and the lining can be used as a permanent lining; meanwhile, the wet sprayed concrete is constructed by adopting the alkali-free accelerator, so that the working environment can be effectively improved, and the labor protection of operators is facilitated.
Preferably, in step S3), the rock surface covering the grid mesh 3 is subjected to spray-base concrete construction using high-strength fiber concrete, so that the durability of the wet-sprayed concrete is improved. The brittle material essence of the concrete can be obviously improved through the high-strength fibers which are uniformly and disorderly distributed, so that the impact shear resistance and the abrasion resistance of the primary support structure can be obviously improved. In addition, the high-strength fiber shotcrete can still maintain the bearing capacity after being greatly deformed, and the supporting effect and the bonding capacity of the shotcrete on weak surrounding rocks when the early strength is low can be effectively improved.
The strength and durability index of the single-layer lining concrete are higher than the index requirement of the common sprayed concrete, so that the fiber is added into the concrete to improve the crack resistance, and meanwhile, the external admixtures such as silicon powder, mineral powder and the like can be used in the concrete, so that the sprayed concrete has higher anti-permeability performance.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the construction mix proportion of the high-strength fiber concrete is as follows:
| cement | Sand | Crushing stone | Water reducing agent | Silica fume agent | Structural fiber | Accelerating agent | Water (W) | |
| Mixing |
1 | 1.86 | 1.24 | 0.017 | 0.01 | 0.012 | 0.08 | 0.4 |
| Per m3Dosage of | 500kg | 930kg | 620kg | 8.5kg | 5.0kg | 6.0kg | 40kg | 200kg |
In order to improve the waterproof performance and chemical durability of the permanent sprayed concrete, a silica fume agent (micro-silica) or high-pozzolan nano-silica is adopted, and the silica fume agent is required to be capable of further reducing the permeability to less than 1 x 10 < -12 > m/s, so that the chemical stability of the concrete is improved;
polyolefin fibers are adopted as high-strength fibers to replace reinforcing mesh sheets, so that cracks smaller than 0.2mm in the concrete can be uniformly distributed, and the compactness of the sprayed concrete is improved;
curing the concrete, namely adding an internal curing agent in the concrete production process of a mixing station; the waterproof material can be sprayed only when an effective bond can be established between the sprayed waterproof material and the sprayed concrete.
The spraying sequence of the first layer is from bottom to top, firstly the side wall and then the arch part; the surface layer is constructed from top to bottom, firstly arched and then arranged on the side wall.
In the conventional waterproof construction, a corrosion-resistant metal waterproof plate is arranged between two layers of concrete and is clamped between the two layers of concrete to realize a waterproof function; the patent adopts a method of spraying waterproof materials, and a waterproof film is formed between two layers of concrete to realize a waterproof function.
Performing base surface treatment on the base concrete layer by using cement mortar, spraying an M30 cement mortar leveling layer with the thickness of 20mm, leveling the relatively uneven part of the sprayed concrete and covering the first layer of fibers, so as to avoid the influence of the exposed fibers on the construction quality of the waterproof membrane; and then, cleaning the sprayed concrete surface by adopting high-pressure washing equipment, and ensuring that the base surface is clean and free of pollutants such as cement paste, loose bodies, dust, dirt, oil, grease and the like after washing is finished, thereby providing conditions for waterproof construction.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, step S4) is carried out to form a waterproof material layer on the cement mortar layer through waterproof construction; the waterproof plates are not arranged between the supporting layers of the single-layer lining, the structure is similar to a superposed beam through the radial and longitudinal anti-slip performance between the concrete layers, and therefore the structure stress is more reasonable.
Specifically, the waterproofing includes: and spraying a waterproof material on the cement mortar layer to form a waterproof membrane. The TamSeal waterproof material can be adopted, the thickness is more than or equal to 4mm, and one or two layers of waterproof membranes can be constructed according to the waterproof requirement.
In accordance with one implementation of the present invention, TamSeal 800 may be applied to a wet (clear water free) base surface. Under the condition of open water, the slurry should be injected and the water should be blocked, and then the spraying is carried out, wherein the overlapping length of the two times is 300 mm. To control the construction quality, TamSeal 800 should be sprayed in two layers. The first time with TamSeal 800 in orange color followed by a second layer of TamSeal 800 in gray color.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the outer concrete layer is formed on the waterproof material layer in the step S5) through spraying outer concrete, and the outer concrete layer with the thickness of 100mm can be formed by spraying polypropylene fiber sprayed concrete.
The present invention also provides a waterproof single-layer lining structure constructed by the waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the waterproof single-layer lining structure including: along the tunnel radially by rock face to tunnel in the supporting construction layer, drainage structure layer, basic unit concrete layer, cement mortar layer, waterproof material layer and the outer concrete layer that forms in proper order. The construction process of the tunnel lining can be fundamentally changed, the construction process is simplified, the construction efficiency is improved, the construction period is shortened, and the construction cost can be saved.
The invention aims to provide a construction method of a waterproof single-layer lining, which cancels the construction of a waterproof plate and a second lining aiming at the problems of the traditional composite lining, adopts the construction of the single-layer lining, fundamentally changes the construction process of the tunnel lining, arranges and constructs a hollow anchor rod 2 and a grid mesh 3 along the rock surface of the tunnel after the construction of pre-injected cement paste, and forms a basic layer concrete layer which can be used as a permanent primary building by carrying out wet spraying basic layer concrete construction on the rock surface covering the grid mesh 3 and can be tightly attached to the rock surface, thereby solving the problems of untight attachment between surrounding rocks and primary supports and between the primary supports and the secondary lining; by arranging the drainage structure layer, the problem that water is easy to store in the lining is solved; need not set up the waterproof board, but the construction forms cement mortar layer on the drainage structural layer form waterproof material layer through waterproof construction on the cement mortar layer and solve waterproof problem, not only simplified construction process, still can be through the radial and vertically resistance to sliding between each concrete layer for each concrete layer forms common bearing system, improves bearing capacity, has construction convenience, and the time limit for a project is shorter, practices thrift advantages such as cost.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention within the technical idea of the embodiments of the present invention, and the simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the embodiments of the present invention do not describe every possible combination.
In addition, any combination of various different implementation manners of the embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the embodiments of the present invention should be considered as disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention as long as the combination does not depart from the spirit of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method of a waterproof single-layer lining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1) determining the position of broken and/or weak surrounding rocks of the tunnel, arranging a plurality of rows of small advanced pipes (1) at the arch part of the broken and/or weak surrounding rocks along the radial direction of the tunnel for pre-grouting cement paste construction, and then performing hollow anchor rod (2) construction and grid mesh (3) arrangement and construction along the rock surface of the tunnel to form a support structure layer;
s2) determining surrounding rock water seepage points existing in the tunnel, and performing grouting water blocking and drainage construction on the surrounding rock water seepage points to form a drainage structural layer on the support structural layer;
s3) carrying out wet spraying base layer concrete construction on the rock surface covering the grid mesh (3) to form a base layer concrete layer, and then carrying out base layer treatment on the base layer concrete layer by using cement mortar to form a cement mortar layer on the drainage structure layer;
s4) forming a waterproof material layer on the cement mortar layer through waterproof construction;
s5) forming an outer concrete layer on the waterproof material layer by spraying outer concrete construction.
2. The waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1), every two adjacent rows of small guide pipes are horizontally overlapped by using a steel frame, and the horizontal overlapping length is greater than or equal to a predetermined length.
3. The waterproof type single-layer lining construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1), the hollow anchor (2) comprises: a hollow anchor rod (2) body; the connecting sleeve is used for connecting the hollow anchor rod (2) body and the grouting pipe; the nut is used for locking the hollow anchor rod (2) body on the surface of surrounding rock; the plastic exhaust pipe is inserted into the inner cavity of the hollow anchor rod (2) and used for exhausting; and a grout stop plug for sealing the outer port of the hollow anchor rod (2).
4. The waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to claim 3, wherein in step S1), the hollow anchor (2) construction is performed, and the method comprises:
lofting to determine the anchor hole position of the hollow anchor rod (2);
determining the working position of the drilling machine according to the drilling angle;
drilling the anchor rod hole by using a drilling machine, and cleaning the hole after drilling the anchor rod hole;
inserting a grouting pipe into the anchor rod hole to perform grouting operation;
under the condition that the grouting liquid in the anchor rod hole is not solidified, inserting the hollow anchor rod (2) body into the grouting liquid, and sleeving the nut on the hollow anchor rod (2) body and screwing down;
and (3) carrying out uplift resistance inspection and mortar plumpness inspection on the hollow anchor rod (2).
5. The waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1), a grid mesh (3) is constructed, including:
a plurality of circumferential reinforcing steel bars (301) are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rock surface of the tunnel;
and a plurality of transverse reinforcing steel bars (302) are arranged perpendicular to the plurality of circumferential steel bars (301).
6. The waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to claim 1, wherein the drainage construction in step S2) includes:
arranging a drain pipe (4) at the position of the water seepage point of the surrounding rock surrounding the tunnel; arranging a water guide pipe (5) at the bottom of the tunnel along the axial direction; and the drain pipe (4) is communicated with the water guide pipe (5) so as to guide and discharge the seepage water of the seepage point.
7. The waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to claim 6, wherein the drain pipe (4) is an omega-shaped spring drain half pipe.
8. The waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3), a rock surface covering the grid mesh (3) is subjected to a sprayed base concrete construction using a high-strength fiber concrete.
9. The waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4), the waterproof construction comprises:
and spraying a waterproof material on the cement mortar layer to form a waterproof membrane.
10. A waterproof single-layer lining structure, which is constructed by the waterproof single-layer lining construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and which comprises: along the tunnel radially by rock face to tunnel in the supporting construction layer, drainage structure layer, basic unit concrete layer, cement mortar layer, waterproof material layer and the outer concrete layer that forms in proper order.
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Application publication date: 20210326 |