CN112552276B - 苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112552276B CN112552276B CN201910911085.1A CN201910911085A CN112552276B CN 112552276 B CN112552276 B CN 112552276B CN 201910911085 A CN201910911085 A CN 201910911085A CN 112552276 B CN112552276 B CN 112552276B
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学技术领域,特别涉及苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
脑中风是一类由于脑血管疾病造成突发性局部脑功能缺损的疾病,又称脑卒中,具有极高的病死率和致残率。脑中风主要分为出血性脑中风(脑出血或蛛网膜下腔出血)和缺血性脑中风(脑梗塞、脑血栓形成)两大类。其中缺血性脑中风主要分为血栓性与栓塞性两种,血栓性为脑血管壁因粥状样变化使血管腔愈来愈小,甚至完全阻塞;栓塞性为血管中突然出现堵塞(栓子),随血流卡在口径较小的血管,阻绝了血液的通过,以栓塞性最为常见。目前,急性缺血性中风(AIS)没有有效的治疗方法,是世界上最重要的致死性疾病之一。
脑中风的病理生理是一个复杂的步骤,总结以往的研究并结合临床实验发现在缺血性脑中风发病过程中有四个主要的过程,这四个过程是一个接一个发生的,首先会产生细胞能量供应不足,其次会发生兴奋性氨基酸毒性这个过程,然后会有梗死周围细胞的去极化,最后会发生炎症或者细胞的程序性死亡。具体的过程还有①能量耗散;②细胞内离子失衡;③酸中毒;④胞内钙离子增加;⑤兴奋性神经递质的毒性作用;⑥自由基介导的细胞毒性;⑦花生四烯酸产生;⑧细胞因子介导的细胞毒性;⑨补体激活⑩血脑屏障被破坏、神经胶质细胞被激活和白细胞渗透等,这些相互关联的反应在脑部缺血的区域会导致脑组织坏死。患者在脑部缺血几分钟后,在缺血部位的脑组织血流就会急剧减少,并且这个过程还会对人体造成不可逆的伤害,并且引起细胞的死亡。在脑部坏死的组织会被一些受损伤而且较小的相邻组织包围,这些受损的组织会因为血流供应减少而引起一系列反应,导致组织功能的不表达,引发脑中风。
上世纪70年代开始研究缺血性脑中风,在开始的时候,研究者已经很重视神经保护药物,并且通过大量研究数据证明,神经保护药物的确有很好的干预和治疗缺血性脑血管病的效果。
目前用于治疗脑中风的神经保护类药物主要有以下几类:
(1)抑制兴奋性毒性的药物,兴奋性毒性是缺血性脑中风发病时脑部内发生的一种现象,这一现象严重危害人体的神经阻止,所以能够抑制兴奋性毒性药物,如氯美噻唑用于脑中风治疗。
(2)抗炎剂药物,在缺血性脑中风产生的过程中,会发生破环神经系统的级联反应,级联反应的过程中会产生大量的细胞毒性成分因子,这些因子成分会诱导氧的自由基和其他的介质导致细胞因子、致炎细胞因子和致炎酶原产生作用,从而导致炎症的发生。
(3)离子通道阻断或开放剂药物,如钙通道阻滞剂、钙离子通道药物和钾通道开放剂等。
(4)其他类,如兴奋性氨基酸受体药物、受体拮抗剂、蛋白生长因子药物和神经节苷脂类药物等。
小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞介导的炎症损伤在AIS的病理发展中起着关键作用。在脑卒中急性期,小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症,血脑屏障的破坏和炎性细胞(如单核细胞/巨噬细胞)侵入脑实质,导致严重的炎症反应,加重脑损伤。AIS发病后炎症损伤的主要介质是促炎因子,包括肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6等细胞因子。抗炎介质,如CD206和精氨酸酶-1,已被确定能够在AIS后抑制促炎因子的产生以保护受损的脑组织。到目前为止,少有通过炎症预防来进行中风治疗。因此,急需设计一系列能够阻断脑内促炎因子的过量产生的化合物,为治疗AIS提供一种可行的替代治疗策略。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物及其制备方法和用途,该苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物能够阻断脑内促炎因子的过量产生,为治疗AIS提供一种可行的替代治疗策略。
本发明提供了一种苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物,具有式(I)所示结构:
R20选自:H、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、或取代或未取代的杂环基;
R11和R21各自独立地选自:取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的烷氧基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的芳香基团、取代或未取代的杂芳香基团、酮基、羰基、羧基、酯基、烷氧基羰基、芳氧基羰基、氨基、氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯基、硫氰酸酯基、异硫氰酸酯基、羟基、硝基或卤素;
R3、R4、R5、R6和R7各自独立地选自:H、取代或未取代的烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氰基或卤素。
在其中一实施例中,环A为6-10元取代或未取代芳香环;环B为6-10元取代或未取代芳香环。
在一实施例中,R11和R21各自独立地选自:C1-C8烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、3-8元环烷基、3-8元杂环基、6-30元芳香基团、6-30元杂芳香基团、酮基、羰基、羧基、酯基、烷氧基羰基、芳氧基羰基、氨基、氰基、氨基甲酰基、卤甲酰基、异氰基、异氰酸酯基、硫氰酸酯基、异硫氰酸酯基、羟基、硝基或卤素。
在一实施例中,R3、R4、R5、R6和R7各自独立地选自:H、C1-C8烷基、3-8元环烷基、C1-C8烷氧基、羟基、硝基、氰基或卤素。
在其中一实施例中,所述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物具有式(I-1)或式(I-2)所示结构:
在其中一实施例中,环A为含有5-10个环原子的芳香环或含5-10个碳原子的杂芳香环。
在其中一实施例中,环A为含六个环原子的芳香环或含六个环原子的杂芳香环,n为0、1、2、3、4或5。
在其中一实施例中,环A为苯基或吡啶基。
在其中一实施例中,环B为含有5-10个环原子的芳香环或含5-10个碳原子的杂芳香环。
在其中一实施例中,环B为含六个环原子的芳香环或含六个环原子的杂芳香环,n为0、1、2、3、4或5。
在其中一实施例中,环B为苯基。
在其中一实施例中,R21为C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤素取代C1-C6烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基。
在其中一实施例中,R21为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、氟、氯、溴或甲氧基。
在其中一实施例中,R11为H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤素取代C1-C6烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基。
在其中一实施例中,R11为氟、溴或甲氧基。
在其中一实施例中,R20为H。
在其中一实施例中,R3、R4和R5中至少有一个为烷氧基。
在其中一实施例中,R3、R4和R5中至少有一个为甲氧基。
在其中一实施例中,R3和R4为烷氧基,R5为氢。
在其中一实施例中,R6和R7中至少有一个为H。
在其中一实施例中,所述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物具有式(II)或式(III)所示结构:
其中,X为N或C。
在其中一实施例中,式(II)中R11为H、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤素取代C1-C6烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基。
在其中一实施例中,式(II)中R11为氟、溴或甲氧基。
在其中一实施例中,式(III)中R3和R4中至少有一个甲氧基。
在其中一实施例中,式(III)中R21为C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤素取代C1-C6烷基、卤素、氰基或硝基。
在其中一实施例中,式(III)中R21为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、三氟甲基、氟、氯、溴或甲氧基。
在其中一实施例中,所述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物选自以下结构的化合物:
本发明提供了上述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
提供式(I-3)所示化合物;
将式(I-3)所示化合物进行硝化反应,制得式(I-4)所示化合物;
将式(I-4)所示化合物进行还原反应,制得式(I-5)所示化合物;
将式(I-5)所示化合物与式a所示化合物反应,制得式(I-1)所示化合物;
提供式(I-3)所示化合物;
将式(I-3)所示化合物和式b所示化合物反应,制得式(I-2)所示化合物
在其中一实施例中,将式(I-3)所示化合物进行硝化反应,制得式(I-4)所示化合物的步骤包括以下步骤:
将式(I-3)所示化合物和发烟硝酸在温度为-15℃~-25℃的条件下混合,混合完毕后,在-5℃~-10℃的条件下进行反应,反应完全后,将反应液倒入水中,分离提纯即得式(I-4)所示化合物。
在其中一实施例中,将式(I-4)所示化合物进行还原反应,制得式(I-5)所示化合物的步骤包括以下步骤:
将式(I-4)所示化合物溶解在醇溶剂中,加入催化剂,在氢气的氛围下反应,反应完成后,过滤,分离提纯,获得所述式(I-5)所示化合物。
在其中一实施例中,将式(I-5)所示化合物与式a所示化合物反应,制得式(I-1)所示化合物的步骤包括以下步骤:
将式(I-5)所示化合物与式a所示化合物溶解在醇溶剂中,并加入催化量的酸进行反应,反应完毕后,分离纯化,获得式(I-1)所示化合物。
在其中一实施例中,将式(I-5)所示化合物与式a所示化合物溶解在醇溶剂中,并加入催化量的甲酸进行反应,反应完毕后,分离纯化,获得式(I-1)所示化合物。
在其中一实施例中,将式(I-3)所示化合物和式b所示化合物反应,制得式(I-2)所示化合物的步骤包括以下步骤:
将式(I-3)所示化合物和式b所示化合物在碱性条件下进行反应,制得式(I-2)所示化合物。
在其中一实施例中,所述式(I-3)所示化合物通过以下步骤合成:
提供式(I-6)所示化合物;
将式(I-7)所示化合物进行水解,制得式(I-8)所示化合物;
将式(I-8)所示化合物进行环化反应,制得式(I-3)所示化合物;
在一实施例中,R30为C1-C6烷基。
在其中一实施例中,将式(I-7)所示化合物进行水解,制得式(I-8)所示化合物的步骤包括以下步骤:
将式(I-7)所示化合物在碱性条件下进行水解反应,反应完成后,冷却,调节pH至2.5-3.5,制得式(I-8)所示化合物。
在其中一实施例中,将式(I-8)所示化合物进行环化反应,制得式(I-3)所示化合物的步骤包括以下步骤:
式(I-8)所示化合物和多聚磷酸混合进行环化反应,制得式(I-3)所示化合物。
本发明还提供了一种苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类盐,由上述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物制备而成。
本发明提供了一种组合物,包括上述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物。
在其中一实施例中,所述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物的质量百分含量为1wt%至96wt%,优选为10wt%至85wt%。
在其中一实施例中,所述组合物还包括药学上可接受的载体。
在其中一实施例中,所述药学上可接受载体包括糖、淀粉、纤维素及其衍生物、明胶、滑石、固体润滑剂、植物油、多元醇、乳化剂、润湿剂、着色剂、调味剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、防腐剂和无热原水中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了上述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物、盐或组合物在制备抗炎药物中的应用。
在其中一实施例中,所述抗炎药物为治疗脑中风的神经保护类药物。
在其中一实施例中,所述抗炎药物为治疗AIS的药物。
本发明还提供了一种治疗炎症疾病的方法,包括给与所需患者治疗有效量的上述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物、盐或组合物。
上述苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物能够抑制LPS引起RAW264.7巨噬细胞和小鼠原代小胶质细胞产生的TNF-α的表达,能够阻断脑内促炎因子的过量产生,为治疗AIS提供一种可行的替代治疗策略。
附图说明
图1中A为实施例合成的化合物对TNF-α抑制后TNF-α蛋白表达量散点图,B为部分化合物的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中TNF-α抑制后的表达量对比图,C为部分化合物对小鼠原代小胶质细胞TNF-α抑制后的表达量对比图;
图2为部分化合物的旷场实验结果图;
图3为部分化合物的小鼠大脑皮层组织炎症因子表达的变化图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将对本发明进行更全面的描述,并给出了本发明的较佳实施例。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
定义和通用术语
除非有相反陈述,否则下列用在说明书和权利要求书中的术语具有下述含义。
本发明中术语“任选地被一个或多个取代基取代”是指被一个或多个取代基取代,或者未取代。具体地,“任选”或“任选地”意味着随后所描述地事件或环境可以但不必发生,该说明包括该事件或环境发生或不发生地场合。例如,“C1-C8烷基任选被一个或多个羟基取代”意味着羟基可以但不必须存在,该说明包括C1-C8烷基被羟基取代的情形和C1-C8烷基不被羟基取代的情形。
“烷基”是指饱和脂肪族烃基,包括直链和支链基团。C1-C6烷基是指含有1至6个碳原子的烷基。非限定性实施例包括:甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基、正戊基、1,1-二甲基丙基、1,2-二甲基丙基、2,2-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、2-甲基丁基、3-甲基丁基、正己基、1-乙基-2-甲基丙基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、1,1-二甲基丁基、1,2-二甲基丁基、2,2-二甲基丁基、1,3-二甲基丁基、2-乙基丁基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、4-甲基戊基、2,3-二甲基丁基。C1-C4烷基是指含有1至4个碳原子的烷基。在一实施例中,C1-C4烷基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、仲丁基。烷基可以是取代的或未取代的,当被取代时,取代基可以在任何可使用的连接点上被取代。
“环烷基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃基取代基。3-8元环烷基是指包括3至8个碳原子。在一实施例中,3-8元单环环烷基为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环己二烯基、环庚基、环庚三烯基、环辛基等。多环环烷基包括螺环、稠环和桥环的环烷基。环烷基可以是任选被一个或一个以上的取代基取代。
“杂环基”指饱和或部分不饱和单环或多环环状烃取代基,其中一个或多个环原子选自氮、氧或S(O)m(其中m是整数0至2)的杂原子,优选氮或氧杂原子;但不包括-O-O-、-O-S-或-S-S-的环部分,其余环原子为碳。4-10元杂环基是指环包含4至10个环原子,其中1~3个是杂原子;优选杂环基环包含5至6个环原子,其中1~2个是杂原子。在一实施例中,单环杂环基为二氢呋喃基、四氢呋喃基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基或高哌嗪基等。
“芳基”指具有共轭的π电子体系的全碳单环或稠合多环(也就是共享毗邻碳原子对的环)基团,优选为6至10元,更优选苯基和萘基,最优选苯基。芳基环可以稠合于杂芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,芳基可以是取代的或未取代的。
5-10元“杂芳基”指包含1至4个杂原子,5至10个环原子的杂芳族体系,其中杂原子包括氧、硫和氮。杂芳基优选为是5元或6元,例如呋喃基、噻吩基、吡啶基、吡咯基、N-烷基吡咯基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、咪唑基、四唑基等。杂芳基环可以稠合于芳基、杂环基或环烷基环上,其与母体结构连接在一起的环为杂芳基环。杂芳基可以任选取代或未取代。
本发明中取代基“氨基”包括伯仲叔氨基,具体地,氨基包括-NR20R21,其中,R20和R21为氢原子或任意可选基团,例如:H、取代或未取代的直链烷基、取代或未取代的支链烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的芳香基团、或取代或未取代的杂芳香基团等。
烷氧基包括-O-(烷基)和-O-(环烷基)。其中烷基、环烷基的定义如上所述。在一实施例中,C1-C4烷氧基为甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、环丙氧基或环丁氧基。烷氧基可以是任选取代的或未取代。
“羰基”是指“-CO-”;“羧基”指-COOH;“酯基”指“-COOR22”,氨基甲酰基指“-CONR22R23”其中R22和R23为任意可选基团,例如:H、取代或未取代的直链烷基、取代或未取代的支链烷基、取代或未取代的环烷基、取代或未取代的杂环基、取代或未取代的芳香基团、或取代或未取代的杂芳香基团等。
本发明的化合物可以以非溶剂化形式和含有药学上可接受的溶剂(如水、乙醇等)的溶剂化形式存在,即包括溶剂化和非溶剂化形式。
本发明中,被波浪打断的单键代表连接位置,例如:表示丙烷2位的碳为连接位点,表示N为连接位点。本发明中,某可取代位点可被一个或多个取代基取代,且当该可取代位点存在多个取代基时,多个取代基可以彼此相同或不同。“药物组合物”表示含有一种或多种本文所述化合物或其生理学上/可药用的盐或前体药物与其他化学组分的混合物,以及其他组分。例如生理学/可药用的载体和赋形剂。药物组合物的目的是促进对生物体的给药,利于活性成分的吸收进而发挥生物活性。
组合物中所含有的赋形剂,可以为一种或多种缓冲剂、稳定剂、抗粘剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、粘合剂、悬浮剂、崩解剂、填充剂、吸附剂、涂料(肠的或缓释的)防腐剂、抗氧化剂,不透明的剂、助流剂、加工助剂、着色剂、甜味剂、芳香剂、调味剂和其它已知的添加剂。
“可药用的盐”即“医药上可接受的盐”,是指医药上可接受的化合物的有机或无机盐。
当化合物是酸性或包括足够酸性生物电子等排体时,适当的“可药用的盐”指从医药上可接受的包括无机碱和有机碱的无毒碱中制备的盐。该盐衍生自含有铝、铵、钙、铜、铁、铁、锂、镁、锰盐、锰、钾、钠、辛等的无机碱。特定的实施方式包括铵、钙、镁、钾和钠盐。盐衍生自医药上可接受的有机无毒碱,该有机无毒碱包括一级、二级和三级胺的盐、包括自然存在的取代胺的取代胺、环胺和碱性离子交换树脂,如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、胆碱、N,N.sup.1-二苄基乙二胺、乙二胺、2-二乙氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基六氢吡啶、还原葡糖胺、氨基葡萄糖、组氨酸、海巴明、异丙胺、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙基胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、氨丁三醇等等。
当化合物是碱性的或包括足够碱性生物电子等排体时,盐可以从医药上可接受的无毒酸中制备,包括无机和有机酸。这样的酸包括乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡萄糖酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、苦杏仁酸,甲基磺酸、粘液酸、硝酸、双羟萘酸、泛酸、磷酸、硫酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸等等。特定的实施方式包括柠檬酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、磷酸、硫酸、马来酸、酒石酸。其它示例性的盐包括但不限于硫酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乙酸盐、草酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、硝酸盐,硫酸盐,磷酸盐、酸性磷酸盐、异烟酸、乳酸、水杨酸盐、酸性柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、油酸盐、鞣酸盐、泛酸盐、酒石酸氢盐、抗坏血酸盐、琥珀酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、龙胆酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐,葡萄糖醛酸盐、糖酸盐、甲酸盐、苯甲酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甲基磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐和双羟萘酸盐(例如,1,1'-亚甲基-双-(2-羟基-3-萘甲酸盐))。
另外,包含化合物的药物制剂可以为片剂、胶囊剂、口服液体剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、散剂、软膏剂、贴剂、栓剂、口含片、滴眼剂、眼膏剂、眼膏剂、滴耳剂、喷剂、气雾剂、吸入剂、注射剂等。
术语“治疗有效量”是指有效化合物或药物试剂的用量,改善、治愈或治疗疾病或病症的一种或多种症状的必要的最小量。
另外,本发明所述的化合物和药物组合物可单独给药,也可以与其他药剂联合施用。对于与一种以上的活性剂的联合治疗,当该活性剂在分开的剂量制剂中时,该活性剂可以分开施用或联合施用。另外,一种药剂的施用可在另一种药剂施用之前、同时或之后进行。当与其他药剂联合施用时,第二药剂的“有效量”将视所用药物的类型而定。
施用途径
本发明的一种或多种化合物通过适合于受治疗的病猫的任何途径施用。合适的途径包括口服、直肠、鼻、肺、局部(包括口腔和舌下)、和胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内)等。
本发明的化合物或药物组合物也可以包含在试剂盒中。
需要说明的是,本发明未注明具体来源的试剂,为市场购买的常规试剂。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述。这些实施例仅是出于解释说明的目的,而不限制本发明的范围和实质。
实施例1
化合物9a、9b的制备
化合物9a的制备
(1)取1.88g化合物1(苯酚)溶于50mL丙酮,随后加入3.62g化合物2(溴丁酸乙酯)、4.14g无水碳酸钾和0.23g碘化钠,回流反应3h。反应液过滤除去固体碳酸氢钠,滤液减压蒸干,然后加入100mL乙酸乙酯,并用氢氧化钠水溶液洗涤两次。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,并减压蒸干,得化合物3(3.45g,89%)。
(2)取化合物3溶于50.0mL 10%氢氧化钾水溶液,随后溶液在100℃下回流反应1h,待反应液冷却下来,滴加盐酸调节PH值约等于3有固体析出。将固体过滤干燥得化合物4(2.75g,86%)。
(3)取化合物4溶于30mL多聚磷酸中,随后溶液在110℃下反应30min,待反应液冷却下来,加入100mL水进行稀释,混合液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取洗涤3次,合并有机相,并用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)分离纯化,得化合物5(1.51g,61%)。
(4)取12mL发烟硝酸滴加到溶解了化合物5的15mL浓硝酸中,滴加过程中保持温度为-20℃,滴加完毕后保持在-5到-10℃之间反应0.5h.随后将反应液倒入快速搅拌的冷水(120mL)中,固体过滤并用水洗涤,随后残余物经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:10)分离纯化,得黄色固体化合物6(1.25g,65%)。
(6)取化合物6溶于(20mL)甲醇,加入(50mg)催化剂钯碳(10%Pd-C)在氢气氛围下反应1h.随后过滤掉钯碳,滤液浓缩并经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3)分离纯化,得黄色油状物,化合物7(0.98g,92%)。
(7)取1.0mmol化合物7和1.0mmol对溴苯甲醛8溶于15mL甲醇中,加入催化量的甲酸,反应液于室温搅拌3h,薄层色谱跟踪反应进程,反应结束后,反应液过滤,滤饼用水洗涤,在乙醇中重结晶得到化合物9a。
化合物9b的制备
表一
化合物9a:淡黄色粉末;Yield:78%;mp:86-87℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.19–2.31(m,2H),2.95(t,J=6.9Hz,2H,),4.28(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.13(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.40(dd,J=8.6,2.6Hz,1H),7.63(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.65(d,J=2.6Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.4Hz,2H,),8.47(s,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:26.3,40.6,73.0,120.0,121.8,126.0,128.0,129.5,130.2,132.1,135.0,146.5,158.71,160.6,200.5;HRESI:calcd for C17H15NO2Br344.0286[M+H]+;found344.0284.
化合物9b:淡黄色粉末;Yield:76%;mp:120-122℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:2.25(p,J=6.7Hz,2H),2.95(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),3.93(s,6H),3.96(s,6H),4.28(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),7.10-7.20(m,3H),7.39(dd,J=8.5,2.7Hz,1H),7.64(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),8.42(s,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:26.2,40.6,56.3,61.0,73.0,105.8,106.7,120.0,121.8,128.0,129.5,131.5,141.1,153.5,159.7,160.3,200.5;HRESI:calcd for C20H22NO5[M+H]+356.1498;found 356.1494.
实施例2
化合物15a~15q的制备
化合物15a的制备:
(1)取3.08g化合物10(3,5-二甲氧基苯酚)溶于25ml丙酮,随后加入3.62g化合物2(溴丁酸乙酯)、4.14g无水碳酸钾和0.23g碘化钠,回流反应3h,过滤除去固体碳酸氢钠,滤液减压蒸干,得粗产品化合物11(4.57g,90%)。
(2)取化合物11溶于20.0mL 10%氢氧化钠水溶液,随后溶液回流反应1h,待反应液冷却下来,滴加盐酸调节PH值约等于3有固体析出。将固体过滤干燥得化合物12(3.63g,84%)。
(3)取化合物12溶于30mL多聚磷酸中,随后溶液在110℃下反应30min,待反应液冷却下来,加入100mL水进行稀释,混合液用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取洗涤3次,合并有机相,并用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析(洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3)分离纯化,得化合物13(2.08g,62%)。
(4)取2.0mmol化合物13和2.0mmol芳香醛化合物14溶于25mL甲醇中,随后加入5.0mL 10%NaOH溶液,在25℃下反应3-5h。反应液过滤,所得固体在甲醇中重结晶,得化合物15a。
化合物15b~15q,采用相同和化合物15a基本相同的方法分别制备化合物15b~15q,不同之处在于,步骤(4)中的芳香醛不同,具体结果参见下表二:
表二
化合物15a:淡黄色粉末;Yield:85%;mp:116-118℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.81(s,1H),7.55-7.50(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.26-7.21(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),6.34(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.24(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.84(t,J=3.9Hz,6H),2.87(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ191.91,163.93,160.40,158.22,136.83,136.11,134.82,131.76,130.71,122.59,115.85,98.84,95.93,71.67,56.17,55.53,26.73.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C19H17BrO4389.0310,found 388.0313.
化合物15b:淡黄色粉末;Yield:88%;mp:189-191℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(s,1H),6.62(d,J=0.5Hz,2H),6.36(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.26(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.27(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.90-3.86(m,15H),2.95(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ192.06,163.83,160.38,158.15,153.15,138.37,137.58,135.93,131.44,116.02,106.45,98.81,95.90,71.81,60.92,56.17,56.14,55.52,26.97.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C22H24O7400.1522,found 400.1521.
化合物15c:淡黄色粉末;Yield:81%;mp:140-142℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86(s,1H),7.39-7.32(m,2H),7.14-7.05(m,2H),6.34(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.25(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.85(d,6H),2.88(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ192.02,163.86,161.36,160.38,158.18,136.32,136.10,131.96(d,J=3.0Hz,Ar-F),131.05(d,J=9.0Hz,Ar-F),115.99,115.66(d,J=22.0Hz,Ar-F),98.83,95.93,71.77,56.17,55.52,26.68.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C19H17FO4 328.1111,found 328.1103.
化合物15d:淡黄色粉末;Yield:85%;mp:152-154℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(s,1H),7.41-7.36(m,2H),7.35-7.30(m,2H),6.35(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.26(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.26(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.86(d,6H),2.89(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ191.89,163.91,160.40,158.22,136.75,136.06,134.36,130.47,128.80,115.88,98.84,95.93,71.69,56.17,55.52,26.73.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C19H17ClO4 344.0815,found344.0824.
化合物15e:淡黄色粉末;Yield:90%;mp:149-151℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.24(s,1H),8.22-8.20(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.87(s,1H),7.70(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.61(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.36(d,J=2.3,1H),6.27(d,J=2.3,1H),4.29(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.87(d,6H),2.90(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ191.41,164.17,160.55,158.46,148.30,138.79,137.66,135.13,134.24,129.64,123.51,122.98,115.43,98.83,95.96,71.34,56.19,55.56,26.84.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C19H17NO6 355.1056,found 355.1052.
化合物15f:淡黄色粉末;Yield:80%;mp:127-129℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(s,1H),7.38-7.28(m,2H),7.14(m,2H),6.34(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.24(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.85(d,6H),2.80(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ191.49,163.87,160.35(d,J=248.0Hz,Ar-F),160.34,158.27,138.15,130.67(d,J=3.0Hz,Ar-F),130.41(d,J=2.0Hz,Ar-F),130.21(d,J=8.0Hz,Ar-F),124.00(d,J=4.0Hz,Ar-F),123.80(d,J=15.0Hz,Ar-F),115.90(d,J=22.0Hz,Ar-F),115.97,98.85,95.88,71.51,56.15,55.52,27.25.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C19H17FO4 328.1111,found328.1098.
化合物15g:淡黄色粉末;Yield:83%;mp:136-138℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.85(s,1H),7.46(s,1H),7.28-7.23(m,1H),7.19(m,1H),6.33(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.23(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.17(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),3.90-3.75(d,6H),2.72(d,J=5.9Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ191.10,164.00,160.48,158.33,138.29,135.29,134.66,133.62,133.35,130.53,129.68,126.94,115.78,98.89,95.95,71.50,56.16,55.53,26.85.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C19H16Cl2O4378.0426,found 378.0434.
化合物15h:淡黄色粉末;Yield:86%;mp:136-138℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.89(s,1H),7.66(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.47(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.35(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.25(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.24(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.85(d,6H),2.86(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ191.69,164.05,160.48,158.35,139.68,138.05,135.64,130.28,129.96,129.27,125.47(q,J=3.7Hz,-CF3),115.68,98.85,95.95,71.62,56.18,55.54,26.74.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C20H17F3O4378.1079,found 378.1087.
化合物15i:Pale yellow oil;Yield:81%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.91(s,1H),7.32(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.23(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.34(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.27(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.84(d,6H),2.92(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.67(q,J=7.6Hz,2H),1.25(t,J=7.6Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ192.30,163.73,160.31,158.11,144.92,137.69,135.40,133.22,129.41,128.08,116.24,98.85,95.90,72.04,56.15,55.50,28.66,26.77,15.34.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C21H22O4 338.1518,found 338.1508.
化合物15j:淡黄色粉末;Yield:80%;mp:120-121℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.86(s,1H),6.99(d,J=4.6Hz,3H),6.34(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.25(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.84(d,J=5.9Hz,6H),2.90(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),2.33(s,6H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ192.28,163.77,160.38,158.21,138.06,137.97,135.93,135.88,130.21,127.03,116.29,98.88,95.94,72.08,56.21,55.54,26.82,21.37.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C21H22O4338.1518,found 338.1504.
化合物15k:Pale yellow oil;Yield:80%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.90(s,1H),7.42(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.34(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.27(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.84(d,6H),2.93(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),1.32(s,9H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ192.31,163.79,160.37,158.17,151.80,137.57,135.54,133.03,129.23,125.55,116.31,98.95,95.96,72.09,56.20,55.53,34.74,31.23,26.84.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C23H26O4 366.1831,found 366.1832.
化合物15l:淡黄色粉末;Yield:87%;mp:89-91℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.92(s,1H),7.42-7.33(m,5H),6.34(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.25(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.26(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.85(d,6H),2.90(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ193.64,165.27,161.83,159.66,139.03,137.62,137.41,130.67,129.99,129.88,117.59,100.32,97.39,73.45,57.63,56.98,28.19.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C19H18O4 Na 310.1205,found310.1203.
化合物15m:淡黄色粉末;Yield:85%;mp:120-122℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.64(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.70(td,J=7.7,1.9Hz,1H),7.66(s,1H),7.43(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.20(ddd,J=7.6,4.8,1.1Hz,1H),6.34(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.26(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.34(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.85(d,6H),3.53(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ194.69,165.40,162.11,160.23,156.65,150.91,141.36,137.80,135.04,128.84,124.19,117.40,100.49,97.34,73.54,57.63,56.97,28.19.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C18H17NO4 311.1158,found311.1151.
化合物15n:淡黄色粉末;Yield:88%;mp:157-159℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.49(dd,J=6.6,3.0Hz,2H),7.38-7.32(m,3H),7.03(s,1H),6.33(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.25(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.25(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.84(d,6H),2.99(t,J=6.4Hz,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ190.11,164.13,160.51,158.49,145.33,131.87,129.13,128.48,122.67,117.91,115.84,101.29,99.29,96.03,86.69,71.14,56.20,55.58,28.65.HREI-MS:M+calcd forC21H18O4 Na 334.1205,found 334.1207.
化合物15o:Pale yellow oil;Yield:81%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(s,1H),7.37(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),6.93(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.34(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),4.28(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.83(t,9H),2.94(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ193.80,165.14,161.74,161.36,159.48,138.82,135.80,132.52,129.73,117.77,115.52,100.31,97.37,73.46,57.61,56.96,56.75,28.23.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C20H20O5340.1311,found 340.1310.
化合物15p:淡黄色粉末;Yield:84%;mp:120-122℃;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.06(s,1H),7.33(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.23(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.99-6.89(m,2H),6.33(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),4.24(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.84(t,9H),2.83(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ191.95,163.66,160.28,158.15,158.11,135.99,134.37,130.01,129.68,125.10,120.19,116.53,110.75,98.88,95.93,72.19,56.16,55.53,55.44,27.05.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C20H20O5Na 340.1311,found 340.1301.
化合物15q:Pale yellow oil;Yield:79%;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.88(s,1H),7.31(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.00-6.94(m,1H),6.93-6.86(m,2H),6.34(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),6.24(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),4.25(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),3.85-3.82(t,9H),2.91(t,J=6.2Hz,2H).13CNMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ192.18,163.88,160.42,159.60,158.26,137.44,137.36,136.49,129.59,121.51,116.13,114.83,113.90,98.91,95.96,71.98,56.21,55.55,55.27,26.85.HREI-MS:M+calcd for C20H20O5Na 340.1311,found 340.1302.
实施例3体外抗炎活性筛选测试:
先选择RAW264.7巨噬细胞系进行体外培养,选取化合物9a、9b和化合物15a~15q(10μM)孵育细胞3h,之后用100ng/mL的脂多糖(LPS)刺激2h,提取细胞培养上清,用ELISA的方法测定上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达量。随后对初筛选得到有抗炎生物学活性的化合物在RAW264.7巨噬细胞和小鼠原代小胶质细胞上选取无毒的剂量进行进一步的复筛。表三是化合物针对TNF-α的表达量以及部分化合物的细胞毒性数据,图1中A为所有化合物对TNF-α抑制后TNF-α蛋白表达量散点图,B为部分化合物的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中TNF-α抑制后的表达量对比图,C为部分化合物对小鼠原代小胶质细胞TNF-α抑制后的表达量对比图。
表三
TNF-αprotein(%of LPS)in RAW264.7:在RAW264.7中LPS的TNF-α蛋白(%)
a positive control, the concentration is 50 nM, with the problem ofhigh toxicity.(a阳性对照,浓度为50nM,具有较高毒性)
从表一和图1可以看出,化合物15i可以显著地抑制LPS引起RAW264.7巨噬细胞和小鼠原代小胶质细胞产生的TNF-α的升高,且与对照药物(TP)相比细胞毒性低。
实施例4化合物10i对LPS诱导的小鼠神经炎症保护作用的研究:
实验方法:32只ICR雄性大鼠,体重20.0±2.0g,于25℃、相对湿度60~75%条件下饲养,自由饮食和饮水,每日光照12h,模拟昼夜交替,实验前ICR小鼠先在动物房适应环境5天,实验时ICR小鼠随机分为4组,每组8只。分组情况为:
(1)空白对照组(给药时腹腔注射空白溶剂对照溶液,造模时腹腔注射生理盐水);
(2)模型对照组(给药时腹腔注射空白溶剂对照溶液,造模时腹腔注射LPS溶液);
(3)1mg/kg低剂量组(给药时腹腔注射1mg/kg化合物10i溶液,造模时腹腔注射LPS溶液);
(4)10mg/kg高剂量组(给药时腹腔注射10mg/kg化合物10i溶液,造模时腹腔注射LPS溶液)。
所有组别按照分组情况均提前3天腹腔注射空白溶剂对照溶液、1mg/kg化合物10i溶液或10mg/kg化合物10i溶液,第三天腹腔注射化合物10i 2h后按照ICR小鼠的体重腹腔注射适当量的LPS溶液(ICR小鼠体内浓度为0.33mg/kg),腹腔注射LPS溶液3h后进行旷场实验,旷场实验结束后对小鼠进行灌流取脑并检测脑组织中炎症因子的表达变化。
一、旷场试验及行为学评分
旷场实验装置由两个部分组成,包括旷场实验用箱和数据自动采集与处理系统。每个小鼠旷场实验用箱为高约50cm左右,底边长约为50cm的长方体箱子,底面涂黑,每个旷场实验用箱平均分成4×4个小方格,正上方位置架有一台数码摄像机,该数码摄像机的视野可以覆盖整个矿场实验用箱。实验在安静的环境下进行,在整个实验过程中保持光照强度一致,实验时,分别按照小鼠编号将ICR小鼠放入旷场实验用箱内部的底面中心,同时开启摄像和记时开关按钮,观察5min后停止摄像。每只ICR小鼠进行旷场实验之后,用酒精喷洗旷场实验用箱内部,并用干净的棉球将残余的酒精擦拭干净,防止上次动物残余的信息和气味(例如小鼠的粪便、气味、皮毛等)影响下一只ICR小鼠的行为从而对实验结果产生干扰,待酒精充分挥发干之后,进行下一只小鼠的旷场试验。直到小鼠旷场实验全部结束之后,用旷场自带的数据处理系统处理数据并整理拷贝数据,关闭仪器和电脑,清洗干净矿场实验箱,实验结果如图2所示。
二、小鼠大脑皮层组织炎症因子表达的变化
采用PCR检测小鼠大脑皮层组织中炎症因子表达的变化,实验结果如图3所示。
实验结果:
一、旷场实验结果:如图2所示,小鼠腹腔注射LPS(0.33mg/kg)后,能明显造成小鼠的病态行为学,具体包括Distance in the Central Zone(中心区距离),Time in theCentral Zone(中心区时间),Mean Speed(平均速度),Total Distance(总距离),Timefreezing(不动时间),Line crossings(穿过交叉线次数)的显著下调。给药治疗后的数据表明,与模型对照组相比,低剂量化合物10i组和高剂量化合物10i组均可以显著或者极显著性的改善LPS诱导的ICR小鼠的病态行为学,同时低剂量组和高剂量组对LPS诱导的小鼠的病态行为学的改善具有剂量依赖性。
二、小鼠大脑皮层组织炎症因子表达的变化结果:如图3所示:与空白对照组相比,模型对照组内促炎性介质TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6mRNA的含量极显著性的上调,同时修复性的介质CD206模型对照组和空白对照组相比有差异,而YM-1有轻微上调的趋势,但统计不出差异。同时,与模型对照组相比,化合物CL-01低剂量和高剂量治疗组均可显著性的下调ICR小鼠大脑皮层内TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6mRNA的表达,同时也可以上调修复性介质CD206和YM-1mRNA的表达。
结果表明本发明的化合物能够抑制LPS引起RAW264.7巨噬细胞和小鼠原代小胶质细胞产生的TNF-α的表达,其中化合物15i最为显著,且细胞毒性较小。总而言之,该发明中的化合物在制备抗炎制剂药物时具有非常良好的应用前景。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (11)
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述环A为苯基。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的苯并氧杂卓-5-酮类化合物能够抑制LPS引起RAW264.7巨噬细胞和小鼠原代小胶质细胞产生的TNF-α的表达。
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