CN112535126A - 一种草鱼优化养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种草鱼优化养殖方法，包括以下方法：间歇性饥饿处理：按现有的投喂时间和投喂方式进行投喂，改变投喂频率，在草鱼幼鱼养殖阶段进行间歇性饥饿处理，即每次投喂饲料后，让草鱼幼鱼饥饿1‑3天，再进行连续投喂4‑6天；使用新的颗粒饲料；使用本发明的投喂方式可提高饲料利用效率，降低养殖成本，本发明的饲料具有高品质的粉碎粒度、混合均匀度、饲料成形性和耐水性等特点，提高了饲料的吸收利用率，能够满足幼鱼的营养需要，并提高鱼类的抗病能力，促进鱼体快速健康生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及一种养殖方法，尤其涉及一种草鱼优化养殖方法。
背景技术
草鱼属鲤形目，鲤科，雅罗鱼亚科，草鱼属，广泛分布于我国除新疆和青藏高原以外的平原地区，是我国重要的淡水经济养殖鱼类，目前已移植至亚、欧、美、非各洲的许多国家。目前，草鱼在我国的年养殖产量超过400万吨，是摄食配合饲料的大宗淡水鱼中产量最高的鱼类，在生产中每年要消耗大量的配合饲料饲养草鱼，因此，提高草鱼饲料利用效率、节约养殖成本是一个重要的研究课题。由于草鱼具有补偿生长的特点（补偿生长，是指遭受饥饿、营养不足或其它不良环境条件胁迫的鱼类，在胁迫消失后生长速度超过未受胁迫的正常个体的现象），适当的限食能促进草鱼饲料转化效率提高，从而促进鱼类快速生长。因此，本发明尝试改变现有的投喂方式，进行适当的间歇性饥饿处理，采用限食方式投喂。限食强度是养殖中的关键，限食太多，投饵太少，草鱼摄食不足, 抑制生长；限食不足，投饵过多，则达不到预期的目的。本发明显示，寻找到适宜的限食强度是关键，可以提高饲料利用效率，降低饲料成本。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷，提供一种草鱼优化养殖方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种草鱼优化养殖方法，包括以下方法：
（1）间歇性饥饿处理：按现有的投喂时间和投喂方式进行投喂，改变投喂频率，在草鱼幼鱼养殖阶段进行间歇性饥饿处理，即每次投喂饲料后，让草鱼幼鱼饥饿1-3天，再进行连续投喂4-6天；
（2）饲喂多功能饲料：所述的多功能饲料是由下述重量份的原料组成：
蝇蛆粉60-70、鸡骨30-40、菊芋6-8、山楂核2-3、米糠2-4、丝瓜络2-3、黄连1-2、红景天1-2、枸杞子2-4、茅栗叶1-2、地黄叶2-3、矮紫堇2-3、元胡索1-2；
所述的多功能饲料的制备包括以下步骤：
（1）将鸡骨在浓度为8-10%的食盐水中煮沸，加入上述山楂核、红景天、枸杞子、茅栗叶、地黄叶、元胡索，保持沸腾，继续煎煮2-3小时，取出鸡骨和山楂核，混合打碎成细粉；
（2）将上述丝瓜络和米糠混合研碎成粉后，置于锅中，加入混合料重量2-4%的食醋，中火翻炒2-3分钟；
（3）将上述处理的各原料与剩余各原料混合研磨，加入混合料重量2-4%的甘油搅拌均匀，造粒，粒径为0.1-0.2mm。
本发明的优点是：
使用本发明的投喂方式可提高饲料利用效率，降低养殖成本，本发明的饲料具有高品质的粉碎粒度、混合均匀度、饲料成形性和耐水性等特点，提高了饲料的吸收利用率，能够满足幼鱼的营养需要，并提高鱼类的抗病能力，促进鱼体快速健康生长。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种草鱼优化养殖方法，包括以下方法：
（1）间歇性饥饿处理：按现有的投喂时间和投喂方式进行投喂，改变投喂频率，在草鱼幼鱼养殖阶段进行间歇性饥饿处理，即每次投喂饲料后，让草鱼幼鱼饥饿1-3天，再进行连续投喂4-6天；
（2）饲喂多功能饲料：所述的多功能饲料是由下述重量份(公斤)的原料组成：
蝇蛆粉70、鸡骨40、菊芋8、山楂核3、米糠4、丝瓜络3、黄连2、红景天2、枸杞子4、茅栗叶1、地黄叶3、矮紫堇3、元胡索1；
所述的多功能饲料的制备包括以下步骤：
（1）将鸡骨在浓度为10%的食盐水中煮沸，加入上述山楂核、红景天、枸杞子、茅栗叶、地黄叶、元胡索，保持沸腾，继续煎煮3小时，取出鸡骨和山楂核，混合打碎成细粉；
（2）将上述丝瓜络和米糠混合研碎成粉后，置于锅中，加入混合料重量4%的食醋，中火翻炒3分钟；
（3）将上述处理的各原料与剩余各原料混合研磨，加入混合料重量2-4%的甘油搅拌均匀，造粒，粒径为0.2mm。
实验测试1：
饲养设备为循环水养殖系统，主要设备为12只单个体积为60cm×60cm×60cm（水深54 cm）的塑料循环水水族箱。试验期间，每只箱的循环水量为3.0 L/min，溶氧 >5.95mgO2/L，PH为6.8-7.3，氨氮<0.10 mg/L。自然光照，水温（25 ± 1）°C，由电热加温棒加热循环水及双制式空调调节室温共同控制。
草鱼为当年鱼种，取自安徽合肥市2814渔场，在上述养殖系统内用传统颗粒饲料暂养10d以上。试验饵料使用同种传统颗粒饲料，每次投喂前取少量作为样本冰冻保存，试验结束后将所有样本混合并烘干，测定其干物质含量为91.12%，干物质中粗蛋白含量为34.25%，脂肪含量4.88%，灰分7.89%，以代表整个试验期间颗粒饲料的干物质、粗蛋白和灰分含量。
试验开始前，将鱼饥饿24 h后随机取样称重，初始体重每尾为10.04g，每箱30尾。实验共设4个实施例，第一种连续投喂，整个试验期间不间断，第二种饥饿1 d后连续投喂6d，第三种饥饿2 d后连续投喂5 d，第四种饥饿3 d后连续投喂4 d，循环投喂，总时间为28d。4种方式分别以S0（对照组）、S1、S2、S3表示。投喂时每天9:00和15:00各投过量饲料一次，1.5 h后回收残饵，70 °C烘干。残饵量用饲料溶失率校正。实验结束时，将鱼饥饿24 h，称量每箱鱼的总重。
表1 不同实施例中草鱼的特定生长率、摄食率以及饲料转化效率1
1注：数据用平均值±标准差表示,n=3, 上标字母相同表示显著不差异（Tukey 检验）.
特定生长率=100 (LnW t-LnW o)/ t
实际摄食率=200I Td / T (W t+W o)
平均日摄食量=200I Td / t (W t+W o)
饲料转化率(FCE)=100(Wt-W0)/ITd
式中W t为终末湿重(g)，W o为初始湿重(g)，t为试验周期( 28 d)，T为实际摄食天数(d)，I Td为试验期间的摄食量 (干重, g)。
表1显示，试验结束时，对照组S1、S2的鱼体特定生长率和终末体重与对照组S0（连续投喂组）无显著差异，S1组的平均摄食率略低于对照组，S2组则显著低于对照组，因此S1、S2组通过显著提高饲料转化效率来达到与对照组相似的生长效果，其中S1组提高5.32%，S2组提高9.66%，因此，间歇性投喂，控制摄食量，可以提高饲料利用率，降低饲料消耗。
实验测试2：
同期的幼鱼，取100条做实验，分成五组，第一种连续投喂传统饲料，整个试验期间不间断，初重平均每尾为10.04g，终末为13克；第二种饥饿1 d后连续投喂本发明的饲料6d，初重平均每尾为9.04g，终末为17.04g，第三种饥饿2 d后连续投喂本发明的饲料5 d，初重平均每尾为10.54g，终末为18.04g，第四种饥饿3 d后连续投喂本发明的饲料4 d，初重平均每尾为10.00g，终末为18.54g，循环投喂，总时间均为28 d。而且期间饲喂本发明饲料的草鱼全无疾病，饲喂传统饲料的草鱼有一条因得了赤皮病没及时治疗死亡。
Claims (1)
1.一种草鱼优化养殖方法，其特征在于包括以下方法：
（1）间歇性饥饿处理：按现有的投喂时间和投喂方式进行投喂，改变投喂频率，在草鱼幼鱼养殖阶段进行间歇性饥饿处理，即每次投喂饲料后，让草鱼幼鱼饥饿1-3天，再进行连续投喂4-6天；
（2）饲喂多功能饲料：所述的多功能饲料是由下述重量份的原料组成：
蝇蛆粉60-70、鸡骨30-40、菊芋6-8、山楂核2-3、米糠2-4、丝瓜络2-3、黄连1-2、红景天1-2、枸杞子2-4、茅栗叶1-2、地黄叶2-3、矮紫堇2-3、元胡索1-2；
所述的多功能饲料的制备包括以下步骤：
（1）将鸡骨在浓度为8-10%的食盐水中煮沸，加入上述山楂核、红景天、枸杞子、茅栗叶、地黄叶、元胡索，保持沸腾，继续煎煮2-3小时，取出鸡骨和山楂核，混合打碎成细粉；
（2）将上述丝瓜络和米糠混合研碎成粉后，置于锅中，加入混合料重量2-4%的食醋，中火翻炒2-3分钟；
（3）将上述处理的各原料与剩余各原料混合研磨，加入混合料重量2-4%的甘油搅拌均匀，造粒，粒径为0.1-0.2mm。
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