CN112535126A - 一种草鱼优化养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种草鱼优化养殖方法,包括以下方法:间歇性饥饿处理:按现有的投喂时间和投喂方式进行投喂,改变投喂频率,在草鱼幼鱼养殖阶段进行间歇性饥饿处理,即每次投喂饲料后,让草鱼幼鱼饥饿1‑3天,再进行连续投喂4‑6天;使用新的颗粒饲料;使用本发明的投喂方式可提高饲料利用效率,降低养殖成本,本发明的饲料具有高品质的粉碎粒度、混合均匀度、饲料成形性和耐水性等特点,提高了饲料的吸收利用率,能够满足幼鱼的营养需要,并提高鱼类的抗病能力,促进鱼体快速健康生长。
Description
技术领域
本发明主要涉及一种养殖方法,尤其涉及一种草鱼优化养殖方法。
背景技术
草鱼属鲤形目,鲤科,雅罗鱼亚科,草鱼属,广泛分布于我国除新疆和青藏高原以外的平原地区,是我国重要的淡水经济养殖鱼类,目前已移植至亚、欧、美、非各洲的许多国家。目前,草鱼在我国的年养殖产量超过400万吨,是摄食配合饲料的大宗淡水鱼中产量最高的鱼类,在生产中每年要消耗大量的配合饲料饲养草鱼,因此,提高草鱼饲料利用效率、节约养殖成本是一个重要的研究课题。由于草鱼具有补偿生长的特点(补偿生长,是指遭受饥饿、营养不足或其它不良环境条件胁迫的鱼类,在胁迫消失后生长速度超过未受胁迫的正常个体的现象),适当的限食能促进草鱼饲料转化效率提高,从而促进鱼类快速生长。因此,本发明尝试改变现有的投喂方式,进行适当的间歇性饥饿处理,采用限食方式投喂。限食强度是养殖中的关键,限食太多,投饵太少,草鱼摄食不足, 抑制生长;限食不足,投饵过多,则达不到预期的目的。本发明显示,寻找到适宜的限食强度是关键,可以提高饲料利用效率,降低饲料成本。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种草鱼优化养殖方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种草鱼优化养殖方法,包括以下方法:
(1)间歇性饥饿处理:按现有的投喂时间和投喂方式进行投喂,改变投喂频率,在草鱼幼鱼养殖阶段进行间歇性饥饿处理,即每次投喂饲料后,让草鱼幼鱼饥饿1-3天,再进行连续投喂4-6天;
(2)饲喂多功能饲料:所述的多功能饲料是由下述重量份的原料组成:
蝇蛆粉60-70、鸡骨30-40、菊芋6-8、山楂核2-3、米糠2-4、丝瓜络2-3、黄连1-2、红景天1-2、枸杞子2-4、茅栗叶1-2、地黄叶2-3、矮紫堇2-3、元胡索1-2;
所述的多功能饲料的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)将鸡骨在浓度为8-10%的食盐水中煮沸,加入上述山楂核、红景天、枸杞子、茅栗叶、地黄叶、元胡索,保持沸腾,继续煎煮2-3小时,取出鸡骨和山楂核,混合打碎成细粉;
(2)将上述丝瓜络和米糠混合研碎成粉后,置于锅中,加入混合料重量2-4%的食醋,中火翻炒2-3分钟;
(3)将上述处理的各原料与剩余各原料混合研磨,加入混合料重量2-4%的甘油搅拌均匀,造粒,粒径为0.1-0.2mm。
本发明的优点是:
使用本发明的投喂方式可提高饲料利用效率,降低养殖成本,本发明的饲料具有高品质的粉碎粒度、混合均匀度、饲料成形性和耐水性等特点,提高了饲料的吸收利用率,能够满足幼鱼的营养需要,并提高鱼类的抗病能力,促进鱼体快速健康生长。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种草鱼优化养殖方法,包括以下方法:
(1)间歇性饥饿处理:按现有的投喂时间和投喂方式进行投喂,改变投喂频率,在草鱼幼鱼养殖阶段进行间歇性饥饿处理,即每次投喂饲料后,让草鱼幼鱼饥饿1-3天,再进行连续投喂4-6天;
(2)饲喂多功能饲料:所述的多功能饲料是由下述重量份(公斤)的原料组成:
蝇蛆粉70、鸡骨40、菊芋8、山楂核3、米糠4、丝瓜络3、黄连2、红景天2、枸杞子4、茅栗叶1、地黄叶3、矮紫堇3、元胡索1;
所述的多功能饲料的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)将鸡骨在浓度为10%的食盐水中煮沸,加入上述山楂核、红景天、枸杞子、茅栗叶、地黄叶、元胡索,保持沸腾,继续煎煮3小时,取出鸡骨和山楂核,混合打碎成细粉;
(2)将上述丝瓜络和米糠混合研碎成粉后,置于锅中,加入混合料重量4%的食醋,中火翻炒3分钟;
(3)将上述处理的各原料与剩余各原料混合研磨,加入混合料重量2-4%的甘油搅拌均匀,造粒,粒径为0.2mm。
实验测试1:
饲养设备为循环水养殖系统,主要设备为12只单个体积为60cm×60cm×60cm(水深54 cm)的塑料循环水水族箱。试验期间,每只箱的循环水量为3.0 L/min,溶氧 >5.95mgO2/L,PH为6.8-7.3,氨氮<0.10 mg/L。自然光照,水温(25 ± 1)°C,由电热加温棒加热循环水及双制式空调调节室温共同控制。
草鱼为当年鱼种,取自安徽合肥市2814渔场,在上述养殖系统内用传统颗粒饲料暂养10d以上。试验饵料使用同种传统颗粒饲料,每次投喂前取少量作为样本冰冻保存,试验结束后将所有样本混合并烘干,测定其干物质含量为91.12%,干物质中粗蛋白含量为34.25%,脂肪含量4.88%,灰分7.89%,以代表整个试验期间颗粒饲料的干物质、粗蛋白和灰分含量。
试验开始前,将鱼饥饿24 h后随机取样称重,初始体重每尾为10.04g,每箱30尾。实验共设4个实施例,第一种连续投喂,整个试验期间不间断,第二种饥饿1 d后连续投喂6d,第三种饥饿2 d后连续投喂5 d,第四种饥饿3 d后连续投喂4 d,循环投喂,总时间为28d。4种方式分别以S0(对照组)、S1、S2、S3表示。投喂时每天9:00和15:00各投过量饲料一次,1.5 h后回收残饵,70 °C烘干。残饵量用饲料溶失率校正。实验结束时,将鱼饥饿24 h,称量每箱鱼的总重。
表1 不同实施例中草鱼的特定生长率、摄食率以及饲料转化效率1
1注:数据用平均值±标准差表示,n=3, 上标字母相同表示显著不差异(Tukey 检验).
特定生长率=100 (LnW t-LnW o)/ t
实际摄食率=200I Td / T (W t+W o)
平均日摄食量=200I Td / t (W t+W o)
饲料转化率(FCE)=100(Wt-W0)/ITd
式中W t为终末湿重(g),W o为初始湿重(g),t为试验周期( 28 d),T为实际摄食天数(d),I Td为试验期间的摄食量 (干重, g)。
表1显示,试验结束时,对照组S1、S2的鱼体特定生长率和终末体重与对照组S0(连续投喂组)无显著差异,S1组的平均摄食率略低于对照组,S2组则显著低于对照组,因此S1、S2组通过显著提高饲料转化效率来达到与对照组相似的生长效果,其中S1组提高5.32%,S2组提高9.66%,因此,间歇性投喂,控制摄食量,可以提高饲料利用率,降低饲料消耗。
实验测试2:
同期的幼鱼,取100条做实验,分成五组,第一种连续投喂传统饲料,整个试验期间不间断,初重平均每尾为10.04g,终末为13克;第二种饥饿1 d后连续投喂本发明的饲料6d,初重平均每尾为9.04g,终末为17.04g,第三种饥饿2 d后连续投喂本发明的饲料5 d,初重平均每尾为10.54g,终末为18.04g,第四种饥饿3 d后连续投喂本发明的饲料4 d,初重平均每尾为10.00g,终末为18.54g,循环投喂,总时间均为28 d。而且期间饲喂本发明饲料的草鱼全无疾病,饲喂传统饲料的草鱼有一条因得了赤皮病没及时治疗死亡。
Claims (1)
1.一种草鱼优化养殖方法,其特征在于包括以下方法:
(1)间歇性饥饿处理:按现有的投喂时间和投喂方式进行投喂,改变投喂频率,在草鱼幼鱼养殖阶段进行间歇性饥饿处理,即每次投喂饲料后,让草鱼幼鱼饥饿1-3天,再进行连续投喂4-6天;
(2)饲喂多功能饲料:所述的多功能饲料是由下述重量份的原料组成:
蝇蛆粉60-70、鸡骨30-40、菊芋6-8、山楂核2-3、米糠2-4、丝瓜络2-3、黄连1-2、红景天1-2、枸杞子2-4、茅栗叶1-2、地黄叶2-3、矮紫堇2-3、元胡索1-2;
所述的多功能饲料的制备包括以下步骤:
(1)将鸡骨在浓度为8-10%的食盐水中煮沸,加入上述山楂核、红景天、枸杞子、茅栗叶、地黄叶、元胡索,保持沸腾,继续煎煮2-3小时,取出鸡骨和山楂核,混合打碎成细粉;
(2)将上述丝瓜络和米糠混合研碎成粉后,置于锅中,加入混合料重量2-4%的食醋,中火翻炒2-3分钟;
(3)将上述处理的各原料与剩余各原料混合研磨,加入混合料重量2-4%的甘油搅拌均匀,造粒,粒径为0.1-0.2mm。
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