CN112533893B - 阳离子性脂质 - Google Patents
阳离子性脂质 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112533893B CN112533893B CN201980051986.6A CN201980051986A CN112533893B CN 112533893 B CN112533893 B CN 112533893B CN 201980051986 A CN201980051986 A CN 201980051986A CN 112533893 B CN112533893 B CN 112533893B
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- acid
- methyl
- nucleic acid
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- -1 Cationic lipid Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 218
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 108020004459 Small interfering RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 39
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 13
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- C07C229/02—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C229/04—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C229/06—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C229/10—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C229/12—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having only one amino and one carboxyl group bound to the carbon skeleton the nitrogen atom of the amino group being further bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings to carbon atoms of acyclic carbon skeletons
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/02—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/04—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C219/06—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having esterified hydroxy groups and amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the hydroxy groups esterified by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
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Abstract
本发明提供能够将活性成分、特别是核酸以优良的效率导入到细胞中的技术和该技术中使用的阳离子性脂质等。本发明的阳离子性脂质为式(I)所表示的化合物或其盐。n1表示2~6的整数,n2表示0~2的整数,n3表示0~2的整数,L表示‑C(O)O‑或‑NHC(O)O‑,Ra表示直链状C5‑13烷基、直链状C13‑17烯基或直链状C17链二烯基,Rb表示直链状C2‑9烷基,Rc表示氢原子或直链状C2‑9烷基,Rd表示氢原子或直链状C2‑9烷基,Re表示直链状C2‑9烷基,Rf表示直链状C2‑9烷基。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及能够将作为活性成分的核酸导入到多种细胞、组织或脏器中的阳离子性脂质。此外,本发明涉及含有该阳离子性脂质的脂质粒子、以及含有该脂质粒子和核酸的组合物。
背景技术
近年来,积极进行了含有核酸作为活性成分的核酸药物的研究开发。例如,进行了大量的含有siRNA、miRNA、miRNA模拟物(miRNA mimic)或反义核酸等核酸的、具有靶标mRNA的分解作用、功能抑制作用的核酸药物的研究。另外,还进行了含有编码目标蛋白的mRNA等的、用于在细胞内表达目标蛋白的核酸药物的研究。与这些研究开发相关联地,用于将核酸以高效率导入到细胞、组织或脏器中的技术作为药物递送系统(DDS)技术进行了开发。
作为上述DDS技术,以往已知将核酸与脂质混合而形成复合物后、由上述复合物介导而使核酸摄入到细胞中的技术。作为上述复合物形成中使用的脂质,以往已知阳离子性脂质、亲水性聚合物脂质、辅助脂质等。作为上述阳离子性脂质,已知例如下述现有技术文献中记载的化合物。
在专利文献1中记载了下述式所表示的化合物或其盐等。
规定了:式中,R1各自独立地选自由可以被取代的C8~C24烷基和可以被取代的C8~C24烯基组成的组;R2和R3各自独立地选自由氢、可以被取代的C1~C8烷基、可以被取代的芳基烷基等组成的组;Y1和Y2各自独立地选自由氢、可以被取代的C1~C6烷基、可以被取代的芳基烷基等组成的组;Y3在存在的情况下各自独立地选自由氢、可以被取代的C1~C8烷基、可以被取代的芳基烷基等组成的组;m为1~4中的任意一个整数,n为0~3中的任意一个整数,p为0或1,m、n和p的合计为4;k为1~5中的任意一个整数;q为0或1;等。
在专利文献2中记载了下述式所表示的化合物或其盐等。
式中,W表示式-NR1R2或式-N+R3R4R5(Z-),R1和R2各自独立地表示C1-4烷基或氢原子,R3、R4和R5各自独立地表示C1-4烷基,Z-表示阴离子,X表示可以被取代的C1-6亚烷基,YA、YB和YC各自独立地表示可以被取代的次甲基,LA、LB和LC各自独立地表示可以被取代的亚甲基或键,RA1、RA2、RB1、RB2、RC1和RC2各自独立地表示可以被取代的C4-10烷基。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:WO2003/102150号小册子
专利文献2:WO2016/021683号小册子
发明内容
发明所要解决的问题
期待能够将核酸以高效率导入到细胞中的阳离子性脂质对具有在药效显现、安全性(低毒性)等方面优良、在治疗上优良的效果的核酸药物的创造作出贡献。另外,期待能够将核酸导入到各种细胞中的阳离子性脂质使针对各种组织中发生的各种疾病的核酸药物的创造成为可能。但是,就现状而言,尚未发现能够充分满足上述要求的阳离子性脂质。
本发明的目的在于提供能够将核酸以优良的效率导入到细胞中的技术和该技术中使用的阳离子性脂质等。另外,从另一个角度来看,本发明的目的在于提供能够将核酸导入到各种细胞中的技术和该技术中使用的化合物等。
用于解决问题的方法
本发明人为了解决上述问题而进行了深入研究,结果发现,通过使用下述式所表示的化合物或其盐,能够解决上述问题,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明至少涉及以下的发明。
[1]
式(I)所表示的化合物或其盐。
[式中,
n1表示2~6的整数,n2表示0~2的整数,n3表示0~2的整数,L表示-C(O)O-或-NHC(O)O-,
Ra表示直链状C5-13烷基、直链状C13-17烯基或直链状C17链二烯基,
Rb表示直链状C2-9烷基,
Rc表示氢原子或直链状C2-9烷基,
Rd表示氢原子或直链状C2-9烷基,
Re表示直链状C2-9烷基,
Rf表示直链状C2-9烷基。]
[2]
4,5-二丁基壬酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯或其盐。
[3]
二癸酸2-(((4,5-二丁基壬酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-(((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯或其盐。
[4]
4,5-二丁基壬酸3-((6-(二甲基氨基)己酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯或其盐。
[5]
4,5-二戊基癸酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯或其盐。
[6]
4-庚基十一酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯或其盐。
[7]
一种脂质粒子,其含有项1所述的化合物或其盐。
[8]
一种核酸导入用组合物,其含有核酸和项7所述的脂质粒子。
[9]
如项8所述的组合物,其中,核酸为RNA。
[10]
如项9所述的组合物,其中,RNA为mRNA或siRNA。
需要说明的是,本说明书中,有时将“式(I)所表示的化合物”记载为“化合物(I)”。另外,有时将“式(I)所表示的化合物或其盐”称为“本发明的化合物”。有时将“含有式(I)所表示的化合物或其盐(本发明的化合物)的脂质粒子”称为“本发明的脂质粒子”。有时将“含有核酸和本发明的脂质粒子的核酸导入用组合物”称为“本发明的组合物”。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够将核酸以优良的效率导入到细胞、组织或脏器中。另外,根据本发明,能够将核酸导入到多种细胞、组织或脏器(例如癌细胞)中。根据本发明,能够得到将核酸导入到多种细胞、组织或脏器中的药物或研究用试剂。此外,根据本发明,在将核酸导入到细胞、组织或脏器中的情况下,该核酸所具有的活性(例如药效)的显现效率高。
具体实施方式
以下,对本说明书中使用的各取代基的定义进行详细说明。只要没有特别记载,则各取代基具有以下的定义。
本说明书中,作为“直链状C5-13烷基”,可以列举例如戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基。
本说明书中,作为“直链状C13-17烯基”,可以列举例如:1-十三碳烯基、2-十三碳烯基、3-十三碳烯基、4-十三碳烯基、5-十三碳烯基、6-十三碳烯基、7-十三碳烯基、8-十三碳烯基、9-十三碳烯基、10-十三碳烯基、11-十三碳烯基、12-十三碳烯基;1-十四碳烯基、2-十四碳烯基、3-十四碳烯基、4-十四碳烯基、5-十四碳烯基、6-十四碳烯基、7-十四碳烯基、8-十四碳烯基、9-十四碳烯基、10-十四碳烯基、11-十四碳烯基、12-十四碳烯基、13-十四碳烯基;1-十五碳烯基、2-十五碳烯基、3-十五碳烯基、4-十五碳烯基、5-十五碳烯基、6-十五碳烯基、7-十五碳烯基、8-十五碳烯基、9-十五碳烯基、10-十五碳烯基、11-十五碳烯基、12-十五碳烯基、13-十五碳烯基、14-十五碳烯基;1-十六碳烯基、2-十六碳烯基、3-十六碳烯基、4-十六碳烯基、5-十六碳烯基、6-十六碳烯基、7-十六碳烯基、8-十六碳烯基、9-十六碳烯基、10-十六碳烯基、11-十六碳烯基、12-十六碳烯基、13-十六碳烯基、14-十六碳烯基、15-十六碳烯基;1-十七碳烯基、2-十七碳烯基、3-十七碳烯基、4-十七碳烯基、5-十七碳烯基、6-十七碳烯基、7-十七碳烯基、8-十七碳烯基、9-十七碳烯基、10-十七碳烯基、11-十七碳烯基、12-十七碳烯基、13-十七碳烯基、14-十七碳烯基、15-十七碳烯基、16-十七碳烯基。这些直链状C13-17烯基包含1个碳-碳双键,因此可以形成顺式和反式的结构,可以为任意一种结构。
本说明书中,作为“直链状C17链二烯基”,可以列举例如1,3-十七碳二烯基、1,4-十七碳二烯基、1,5-十七碳二烯基、1,6-十七碳二烯基、1,7-十七碳二烯基、1,8-十七碳二烯基、1,9-十七碳二烯基、1,10-十七碳二烯基、1,11-十七碳二烯基、1,12-十七碳二烯基、1,13-十七碳二烯基、1,14-十七碳二烯基、1,15-十七碳二烯基、1,16-十七碳二烯基、2,4-十七碳二烯基、2,5-十七碳二烯基、2,6-十七碳二烯基、2,7-十七碳二烯基、2,8-十七碳二烯基、2,9-十七碳二烯基、2,10-十七碳二烯基、2,11-十七碳二烯基、2,12-十七碳二烯基、2,13-十七碳二烯基、2,14-十七碳二烯基、2,15-十七碳二烯基、2,16-十七碳二烯基、3,5-十七碳二烯基、3,6-十七碳二烯基、3,7-十七碳二烯基、3,8-十七碳二烯基、3,9-十七碳二烯基、3,10-十七碳二烯基、3,11-十七碳二烯基、3,12-十七碳二烯基、3,13-十七碳二烯基、3,14-十七碳二烯基、3,15-十七碳二烯基、3,16-十七碳二烯基、4,6-十七碳二烯基、4,7-十七碳二烯基、4,8-十七碳二烯基、4,9-十七碳二烯基、4,10-十七碳二烯基、4,11-十七碳二烯基、4,12-十七碳二烯基、4,13-十七碳二烯基、4,14-十七碳二烯基、4,15-十七碳二烯基、4,16-十七碳二烯基、5,7-十七碳二烯基、5,8-十七碳二烯基、5,9-十七碳二烯基、5,10-十七碳二烯基、5,11-十七碳二烯基、5,12-十七碳二烯基、5,13-十七碳二烯基、5,14-十七碳二烯基、5,15-十七碳二烯基、5,16-十七碳二烯基、6,8-十七碳二烯基、6,9-十七碳二烯基、6,10-十七碳二烯基、6,11-十七碳二烯基、6,12-十七碳二烯基、6,13-十七碳二烯基、6,14-十七碳二烯基、6,15-十七碳二烯基、6,16-十七碳二烯基、7,9-十七碳二烯基、7,10-十七碳二烯基、7,11-十七碳二烯基、7,12-十七碳二烯基、7,13-十七碳二烯基、7,14-十七碳二烯基、7,15-十七碳二烯基、7,16-十七碳二烯基、8,10-十七碳二烯基、8,11-十七碳二烯基、8,12-十七碳二烯基、8,13-十七碳二烯基、8,14-十七碳二烯基、8,15-十七碳二烯基、8,16-十七碳二烯基、9,11-十七碳二烯基、9,12-十七碳二烯基、9,13-十七碳二烯基、9,14-十七碳二烯基、9,15-十七碳二烯基、9,16-十七碳二烯基、10,12-十七碳二烯基、10,13-十七碳二烯基、10,14-十七碳二烯基、10,15-十七碳二烯基、10,16-十七碳二烯基、11,13-十七碳二烯基、11,14-十七碳二烯基、11,15-十七碳二烯基、11,16-十七碳二烯基、12,14-十七碳二烯基、12,15-十七碳二烯基、12,16-十七碳二烯基、13,15-十七碳二烯基、13,16-十七碳二烯基、14,16-十七碳二烯基。这些直链状C17链二烯基包含2个碳-碳双键,因此,各自可以相互独立地形成顺式和反式的结构,各自可以为任意一种结构。
本说明书中,作为“直链状C2-9烷基”,可以列举例如乙基、丁基、丙基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、壬基。
式(I)中的n1、n2、n3、L、Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd、Re和Rf各自的优选例如下所述。
n1优选为3~5的整数。
n2优选为0~2的整数。
n3优选为0~2的整数。
L优选为-C(O)O-。
Ra优选为直链状C5-9烷基、直链状C13-17烯基或直链状C17链二烯基。
Rb优选为直链状C4-8烷基。
Rc优选为氢原子或直链状C4-7烷基。
Rd优选为氢原子或直链状C3-6烷基。
Re优选为直链状C3-6烷基。
Rf优选为直链状C3-7烷基。
化合物(I)的优选的具体例如下所述。
化合物(I-A):n1为3~5的整数、n2为0、n3为0~2的整数、L为-C(O)O-、Ra为直链状C5-9烷基、Rb为直链状C4-8烷基、Rc为氢原子、Rd为氢原子、Re为直链状C3-6烷基、Rf为直链状C3-7烷基的化合物。
化合物(I-B):n1为3~5的整数、n2为0或1、n3为0或1、L为-C(O)O-、Ra为直链状C5-9烷基、Rb为直链状C4-8烷基、Rc为直链状C5-7烷基、Rd为氢原子、Re为直链状C3-6烷基、Rf为直链状C3-7烷基的化合物。
化合物(I-C):n1为3~5的整数、n2为0或1、n3为0~2的整数、L为-C(O)O-、Ra为直链状C5-9烷基、Rb为直链状C4-8烷基、Rc为氢原子、Rd为直链状C3-6烷基、Re为直链状C3-6烷基、Rf为直链状C3-7烷基的化合物。
化合物(I-D):n1为3~5的整数、n2为0或1、n3为0~2的整数、L为-C(O)O-、Ra为直链状C13-17烯基或直链状C17链二烯基、Rb为直链状C3-6烷基、Rc为直链状C3-6烷基、Rd为氢原子、Re为直链状C2-6烷基、Rf为直链状C2-7烷基的化合物。
化合物(I)的更优选的具体例如下所述。
化合物(a):n1为3或4、n2为0、n3为0或2、L为-C(O)O-、Ra为直链状C7烷基、Rb为直链状C6烷基、Rc为氢原子、Rd为氢原子、Re为直链状C5-6烷基、Rf为直链状C6-7烷基的化合物。
化合物(b):n1为3~5的整数、n2为0或1、n3为0或1、L为-C(O)O-、Ra为直链状C6-7烷基、Rb为直链状C5-6烷基、Rc为直链状C5-6烷基、Rd为氢原子、Re为直链状C4-5烷基、Rf为直链状C5-6烷基的化合物。
化合物(c):n1为3~5的整数、n2为0、n3为2、L为-C(O)O-、Ra为直链状C5-9烷基、Rb为直链状C4-8烷基、Rc为氢原子、Rd为直链状C3-5烷基、Re为直链状C3-5烷基、Rf为直链状C3-5烷基的化合物。
化合物(d):n1为3~5的整数、n2为0或1、n3为0~2的整数、L为-C(O)O-、Ra为直链状C13-17烯基或直链状C17链二烯基、Rb为直链状C3-5烷基、Rc为直链状C3-5烷基、Rd为氢原子、Re为直链状C3-6烷基、Rf为直链状C3-7烷基的化合物。
化合物(I)的特别优选的具体例如下所述:
4,5-二丁基壬酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯;
二癸酸2-(((4,5-二丁基壬酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-(((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯;
4,5-二丁基壬酸3-((6-(二甲基氨基)己酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯;
4,5-二戊基癸酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯;
4-庚基十一酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯。
作为化合物(I)的盐,优选药理学上可接受的盐,可以列举例如与无机碱的盐、与有机碱的盐、与无机酸的盐、与有机酸的盐、与碱性或酸性氨基酸的盐。
作为与无机碱的盐的优选例,可以列举:钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐;钙盐、镁盐等碱土金属盐;铝盐、铵盐。优选为钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐,更优选为钠盐、钾盐。
作为与有机碱的盐的优选例,可以列举与三甲胺、三乙胺、吡啶、甲基吡啶、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇[三(羟甲基)甲胺]、叔丁胺、环己胺、苄胺、二环己胺、N,N-二苄基乙二胺的盐。
作为与无机酸的盐的优选例,可以列举与氢氟酸、盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸的盐。优选为与盐酸的盐、与磷酸的盐。
作为与有机酸的盐的优选例,可以列举与甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、邻苯二甲酸、富马酸、草酸、酒石酸、马来酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸的盐。
作为与碱性氨基酸的盐的优选例,可以列举与精氨酸、赖氨酸、鸟氨酸的盐。
作为与酸性氨基酸的盐的优选例,可以列举与天冬氨酸、谷氨酸的盐。
在本发明中,本发明的化合物可以作为阳离子性脂质使用。阳离子性脂质可以在溶剂或分散介质中与多种分子一起形成复合物。上述复合物除了含有本发明的化合物以外还可以含有其他成分。作为上述其他成分的例子,可以列举其他脂质成分和核酸。
作为上述其他脂质成分,可以列举能够构成脂质粒子的结构脂质。作为这样的结构脂质,可以使用例如选自由固醇类(例如,胆固醇、胆固醇酯、胆固醇半琥珀酸酯等)、磷脂(例如,磷脂酰胆碱(例如,二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、二硬脂酰磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、二油酰磷脂酰胆碱、棕榈酰油酰磷脂酰胆碱、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、二亚油酰磷脂酰胆碱、MC-1010(NOF公司)、MC-2020(NOF公司)、MC-4040(NOF公司)、MC-6060(NOF公司)、MC-8080(NOF公司)等)、磷脂酰丝氨酸(例如,二棕榈酰磷脂酰丝氨酸、二硬脂酰磷脂酰丝氨酸、二油酰磷脂酰丝氨酸、棕榈酰油酰磷脂酰丝氨酸等)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(例如,二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、棕榈酰油酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺等)、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酸等)、以及聚乙二醇脂质(PEG脂质)(例如,PEG-DAA、PEG-DAG、PEG-磷脂缀合物、PEG-Cer、PEG-胆固醇、PEG-C-DOMG、2KPEG-CMG、GM-020(NOF公司)、GS-020(NOF公司)、GS-050(NOF公司)等)组成的组中的至少一种。在本发明中,作为结构脂质,优选使用固醇类(特别是胆固醇)、磷脂(特别是磷脂酰胆碱)和聚乙二醇脂质这三种全部。
形成本发明的脂质粒子的混合脂质成分中的本发明的化合物与结构脂质的比例可以根据目的、用途来适当调节。例如,相对于本发明的化合物1摩尔,结构脂质通常为0.008~4摩尔的比例,优选为0.4~1.5摩尔的比例。另外,若采用其他规定的方法,则在混合脂质成分中本发明的化合物通常为1~4摩尔、固醇类通常为0~3摩尔、磷脂通常为0~2摩尔、聚乙二醇脂质通常为0~1摩尔的比率。将本发明的化合物与其他脂质成分混合使用时的更优选方式为本发明的化合物1~1.5摩尔、固醇类0~1.25摩尔、磷脂0~0.5摩尔和聚乙二醇脂质0~0.125摩尔的比率。
本发明的化合物可以用于制造本发明的脂质粒子。本发明的脂质粒子是指上述复合物中不含核酸的复合物。本发明的脂质粒子的形状没有特别限定,包含例如本发明的化合物等以构成球形的方式集合而成的复合物、本发明的化合物等不构成特定的形状地集合而成的复合物、本发明的化合物等溶解于溶剂中而成的复合物、本发明的化合物等均匀或不均匀分散于分散介质中而成的复合物等。
本发明的脂质粒子(例如,由本发明的化合物和除此以外的结构脂质构成的脂质粒子)可以用于制造例如含有该脂质粒子和核酸(特别是,作为在药物用途或研究目的用途中有用的物质的核酸)的本发明的组合物。本发明的组合物可以作为药物或试剂使用。本发明的组合物中,优选尽可能多的比例的核酸被脂质粒子包封(即,包封率高)。
“核酸”只要是核苷酸和具有与该核苷酸同等的功能的分子聚合而成的分子则可以为任何分子,可以列举例如作为核糖核苷酸的聚合物的RNA、作为脱氧核糖核苷酸的聚合物的DNA、核糖核苷酸和脱氧核糖核苷酸混合而成的聚合物、以及含有核苷酸类似物的核苷酸聚合物,此外,还可以为含有核酸衍生物的核苷酸聚合物。另外,核酸可以为单链核酸或双链核酸。另外,双链核酸还包含一条链在严格条件下杂交到另一条链上的双链核酸。
作为核苷酸类似物,只要是为了与RNA或DNA相比使核酸酶耐性提高或稳定化、为了提高与互补链核酸的亲和性、或者为了提高细胞穿透性、或者为了使其可见化而对核糖核苷酸、脱氧核糖核苷酸、RNA或DNA实施修饰而成的分子,则可以为任何分子。作为核苷酸类似物,可以为天然存在的分子,也可以为非天然的分子,可以列举例如糖部修饰核苷酸类似物、磷酸二酯键修饰核苷酸类似物等。
作为糖部修饰核苷酸类似物,只要是对核苷酸的糖的化学结构的一部分或全部附加或取代任意的化学结构物质而成的物质,则可以为任何物质,作为其具体例,可以列举被2’-O-甲基核糖取代的核苷酸类似物、被2’-O-丙基核糖取代的核苷酸类似物、被2’-甲氧基乙氧基核糖取代的核苷酸类似物、被2’-O-甲氧基乙基核糖取代的核苷酸类似物、被2’-O-[2-(胍)乙基]核糖取代的核苷酸类似物、被2’-氟核糖取代的核苷酸类似物、将糖部取代为吗啉代环的核酸类似物(吗啉代核酸)、通过在糖部导入桥接结构而具有2个环状结构的桥接结构型人工核酸(Bridged Nucleic Acid)(BNA)、更具体地为2’位的氧原子与4’位的碳原子经由亚甲基进行桥接而成的锁型人工核酸(Locked Nucleic Acid)(LNA)和乙烯桥接结构型人工核酸(Ethylene bridged nucleic acid)(ENA)[Nucleic Acid Research,32,e175(2004)]、2’位的碳原子与4’位的碳原子经由酰胺键进行桥接而成的酰胺桥接结构型人工核酸(Amide-Bridged Nucleic Acids)(AmNA),此外,可以列举肽核酸(PNA)[Acc.Chem.Res.,32,624(1999)]、氧肽核酸(OPNA)[J.Am.Chem.Soc.,123,4653(2001)]和肽核糖核酸(PRNA)[J.Am.Chem.Soc.,122,6900(2000)]等。
作为磷酸二酯键修饰核苷酸类似物,只要是对核苷酸的磷酸二酯键的化学结构的一部分或全部附加或取代任意的化学物质而成的物质,则可以为任何物质,作为其具体例,可以列举被取代为硫代磷酸酯键的核苷酸类似物、被取代为N3’-P5’亚磷酰胺键的核苷酸类似物等[细胞工程学,16,1463-1473(1997)][RNAi法和反义法、讲谈社(2005)]。
作为核酸衍生物,只要是为了与核酸相比使核酸酶耐性提高、为了使其稳定化、为了提高与互补链核酸的亲和性、为了提高细胞穿透性、或者为了使其可见化而向该核酸附加其他化学物质而成的分子,则可以为任何分子,作为其具体例,可以列举5’-多胺附加衍生物、胆固醇附加衍生物、类固醇附加衍生物、胆汁酸附加衍生物、维生素附加衍生物、Cy5附加衍生物、Cy3附加衍生物、6-FAM附加衍生物和生物素附加衍生物等。
作为本发明中的核酸,没有特别限定,例如,可以是以疾病、症状、损伤或病态的改善、以及疾病、症状、损伤或病态的减轻或其发病的预防等(本说明书中,有时称为“疾病的治疗等”)为目的的核酸,也可以是虽无助于疾病的治疗等但作为研究用途有用的用于调节期望的蛋白质的表达的核酸。
与疾病相关的基因或多核苷酸(本说明书中,有时称为“疾病相关基因”)可以从例如McKusick-Nathans遗传医学研究所(McKusick-Nathans Institute of GeneticMedicine),约翰霍普金斯大学(马里兰州巴尔的摩)和美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center for Biotechnology Information),美国国家医学图书馆(马里兰州贝塞斯达)等获取。
作为本发明中的核酸的具体例,可以列举例如siRNA、miRNA、miRNA模拟物、反义核酸、核酶、mRNA、诱骗核酸(Decoy核酸)、适配体。作为核酸,优选siRNA、mRNA等RNA或对它们实施人工修饰而得到的类似物或衍生物。
本发明中,“siRNA”是指10~30个碱基、优选15~25个碱基的双链RNA或其类似物,包含互补的序列。siRNA优选在3’末端具有1~3个碱基、更优选具有2个碱基的突出碱基。互补的序列部分可以为完全互补,或者可以包含不互补的碱基,但优选为完全互补。
本发明中的siRNA没有特别限定,可以使用例如用于对疾病相关基因敲低(Knockdown)基因表达的siRNA。疾病相关基因是指与非疾病对照的组织或细胞相比在来源于患部组织的细胞中在异常水平下或以异常形态产生转录或翻译产物的任意的基因或多核苷酸。另外,作为本发明中的siRNA,也可以使用用于调节对研究用途有用的期望的蛋白质的表达的siRNA。
本发明中,“mRNA”是指包含可翻译成蛋白质的碱基序列的RNA。作为本发明中的mRNA,只要是能够在细胞内表达期望的蛋白质的mRNA,则没有特别限定。作为上述mRNA,优选对药物的用途(例如疾病治疗用途)和/或研究目的用途有用的mRNA,作为这样的mRNA,可以列举例如用于使荧光素酶这样的标志蛋白在细胞内表达的mRNA。
作为上述的疾病,没有特别限定,可以列举例如以下记载的疾病。除了记载具体的疾病例的情况以外,“()”内表示疾病相关基因的例子。作为本发明中的核酸,还可以列举对这些疾病相关基因(或者它们所编码的蛋白质)的表达量进行调节的核酸。
(1)血液系统疾病[贫血(CDAN1、CDA1、RPS19、DBA、PKLR、PK1、NT5C3、UMPH1、PSN1、RHAG、RH50A、NRAMP2、SPTB、ALAS2、ANH1、ASB、ABCB7、ABC7、ASAT)、裸淋巴细胞综合征(TAPBP、TPSN、TAP2、ABCB3、PSF2、RING11、MHC2TA、C2TA、RFX5)、出血性疾病(TBXA2R、P2RX1、P2X1)、H因子和H因子样1因子缺乏症(HF1、CFH、HUS)、V因子和VIII因子缺乏症(MCFD2)、VII因子缺乏症(F7)、X因子缺乏症(F10)、XI因子缺乏症(F11)、XII因子缺乏症(F12、HAF)、XIIIA因子缺乏症(F13A1、F13A)、XIIIB因子缺乏症(F13B)、范可尼贫血(FANCA、FACA、FA1、FA、FAA、FAAP95、FAAP90、FLJ34064、FANCB、FANCC、FACC、BRCA2、FANCD1、FANCD2、FANCD、FACD、FAD、FACE、FACE、FANCF、XRCC9、FANCG、BRIP1、BACH1、FANCJ、PHF9、FANCL、FANCM、KIAA1596)、噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症(PRF1、HPLH2、UNC13D、MUNC13-4、HPLH3、HLH3、FHL3)、血友病A(F8、F8C、HEMA)、血友病B(F9、HEMB)、出血性疾病(PI、ATT、F5)、白细胞减少症(ITGB2、CD18、LCAMB、LAD、EIF2B1、EIF2BA、EIF2B2、EIF2B3、EIF2B5、LVWM、CACH、CLE、EIF2B4)、镰刀形红细胞贫血(HBB)、地中海贫血(HBA2、HBB、HBD、LCRB、HBA1)等];
(2)炎症性/免疫性疾病[AIDS(KIR3DL1、NKAT3、NKB1、AMB11、KIR3DS1、IFNG、CXCL12、SDF1)、自身免疫性淋巴细胞增生综合征(TNFRSF6、APT1、FAS、CD95、ALPS1A)、复合型免疫缺陷症(IL2RG、SCIDX1、SCIDX、IMD4)、HIV感染症(CCL5、SCYA5、D17S135E、TCP228、IL10、CSIF、CMKBR2、CCR2、DMKBR5、CCCKR5、CCR5)、免疫缺陷症(CD3E、CD3G、AICDA、AID、HIGM2、TNFRSF5、CD40、UNG、DGU、HIGM4、TNFSF5、CD40LG、HIGM1、IGM、FOXP3、IPEX、AIID、XPID、PIDX、TNFRSF14B、TACI)、炎症(IL10、IL-1、IL-13、IL-17、IL-23、CTLA4)、严重复合型免疫缺陷症(JAK3、JAKL、DCLRE1C、ATREMIS、SCIDA、RAG1、RAG2、ADA、PTPRC、CD45、LCA、IL7R、CD3D、T3D、IL2RG、SCIDX1、SCIDX、IMD4)、类风湿关节炎、银屑病、炎症性肠疾病(例如克罗恩病、溃疡性大肠炎等)、干燥综合征、贝氏症、多发性硬化症、全身性红斑狼疮、狼疮性肾炎、盘状红斑狼疮、卡斯尔门病、强直性脊柱炎、多发性肌炎、皮肌炎、结节性多发性动脉炎、混合性结缔组织病、硬皮病、深在性红斑狼疮、慢性甲状腺炎、格雷夫斯病、自身免疫性胃炎、I型和II型糖尿病、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、自身免疫性中性粒细胞减少症、血小板减少症、特应性皮炎、慢性活动性肝炎、重度肌无力、移植物抗宿主病、艾迪生病、异常免疫应答、关节炎、皮炎、放射线皮炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化等];
(3)代谢/肝脏/肾脏疾病[淀粉样变性神经病(TTR、PALB)、淀粉样变性(APOA1、APP、AAA、CVAP、AD1、GSN、FGA、LYZ、TTR、PALB)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和肝纤维化(COL1A1)、肝硬化(KRT18、KRT8、CIRH1A、NAIC、TEX292、KIAA1988)、囊肿性纤维化(CFTR、ABCC7、CF、MRP7)、糖原贮积病(SLC2A2、GLUT2、G6PC、G6PT、G6PT1、GAA、LAMP2、LAMPB、AGL、GDE、GBE1、GYS2、PYGL、PFKM)、肝细胞腺瘤(TCF1、HFN1A、MODY3、)、肝衰竭(SCOD1、SCO1)、肝脂酶缺乏症(LIPC)、肝肉芽肿病(CTNNB1、PDFGRL、PDGRL、PRLTS、AXIN1、AXIN、TP53、P53、LFS1、IGF2R、MPRI、MET、CASP8、MCH5)、肾髓质囊性病(UMOD、HNFJ、FJHN、MCKD2、ADMCKD2)、苯丙酮尿症(PAH、PKU1、QDPR、DHPR、PTS)、多囊肝多囊肾(FCYT、PKHD1、APRKD、PDK1、PDK2、PDK4、PDKTS、PRKCSH、G19P1、PCLD、SEC63)等];
(4)神经系统疾病[ALS(SOD1、ALS2、STEX、FUS、TARDBP、VEGF)、阿尔茨海默病(APP、AAA、CVAP、AD1、APOE、AD2、PSEN2、AD4、STM2、APBB2、FE65L1、NOS3、PLAU、URK、ACE、DCP1、ACE1、MPO、PACIP1、PAXIP1L、PTIP、A2M、BLMH、BMH、PSEN1、AD3)、自闭症(BZRAP1、MDGA2、GLO1、MECP2、RTT、PPMX、MRX16、MRX79、NLGN3、NLGN4、KIAA1260、AUTSX2)、脆性X染色体综合征(FMR2、FXR1、FXR2、mGLUR5)、亨廷顿病(HD、IT15、PRNP、PRIP、JPH3、JP3、HDL2、TBP、SCA17)、帕金森病(NR4A2、NURR1、NOT、TINUR、SNCAIP、TBP、SCA17、SNCA、NACP、PARK1、PARK4、DJ1、DBH、NDUFV2)、雷特综合征(MECP2、RTT、PPMX、MRX16、MRX79、CDKL5、STK9)、统合失调症(GSK3、5-HTT、COMT、DRD、SLC6A3、DAOA、DTNBP1)、分泌酶相关障碍(APH-1)等];
(5)眼疾病[老年黄斑变性(Abcr、Ccl2、cp、Timp3、组织蛋白酶D、Vldlr、Ccr2)、白内障(CRYAA、CRYA1、CRYBB2、CRYB2、PITX3、BFSP2、CP49、CP47、PAX6、AN2、MGDA、CRYBA1、CRYB1、CRYGC、CRYG3、CCL、LIM2、MP19、CRYGD、CRYG4、BSFP2、CP49、CP47、HSF4、CTM、MIP、AQP0、CRYAB、CRYA2、CTPP2、CRYBB1、CRYGD、CRYG4、CRYA1、GJA8、CX50、CAE1、GJA3、CX46、CZP3、CAE3、CCM1、CAM、KRIT1)、角膜混浊(APOA1、TGFB1、CSD2、CDGG1、CSD、BIGH3、CDG2、TASTD2、TROP2、M1S1、VSX1、RINX、PPCD、PPD、KTCN、COL8A2、FECD、PPCD2、PIP5K3、CFD)、先天性遗传性扁平角膜(KERA、CNA2)、青光眼(MYOC、TIGR、GLC1A、JOAG、GPOA、OPTN、GLC1E、FIP2、HYPL、NRP、CYP1B1、GLC3A、OPA1、NTG、NPG、CYP1B1、GLC3A)、莱伯先天性黑内障(CRB1、RP12、CRX、CORD2、CRD、RPGRIP1、LCA6、CORD9、RPE65、RP20、AIPL1、LCA4、GUCY2D、GUC2D、LCA1、CORD6、RDH12、LCA3)、黄斑营养不良(ELOVL4、ADMD、STGD2、STGD3、RDS、RP7、PRPH2、PRPH、AVMD、AOFMD、VMD2)等];
(6)肿瘤性疾病[恶性肿瘤、血管新生青光眼、婴幼儿血管瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、慢性肉瘤、转移黑色素瘤、卡波西肉瘤、血管增殖、恶病质、乳腺癌的转移等、癌(例如,大肠癌(例如,家族性大肠癌、遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌、消化道间质瘤等)、肺癌(例如,非小细胞肺癌、小细胞肺癌、恶性间皮瘤等)、间皮瘤、胰腺癌(例如,胰腺管癌等)、胃癌(例如,乳头状腺癌、粘液性腺癌、腺鳞癌等)、乳腺癌(例如,浸润性导管癌、非浸润性导管癌、炎性乳腺癌等)、卵巢癌(例如,上皮性卵巢癌、性腺胚细胞瘤、卵巢生殖细胞瘤、卵巢低度恶性肿瘤等)、前列腺癌(例如,激素依赖性前列腺癌、激素非依赖性前列腺癌等)、肝癌(例如,原发性肝癌、肝外胆管癌等)、甲状腺癌(例如,甲状腺髓样癌等)、肾癌(例如,肾细胞癌、肾盂输尿管移行上皮癌等)、子宫癌、脑肿瘤(例如,松果体星形细胞瘤、毛细胞型星形细胞瘤、弥漫性星形细胞瘤、退行性星形细胞瘤等)、黑色素瘤、肉瘤、膀胱癌、包含多发性骨髓瘤的血液癌等、下垂体腺瘤、神经胶质瘤、听神经鞘瘤、视网膜肉瘤、咽癌、喉癌、舌癌、胸腺瘤、食管癌、十二指肠癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、肝细胞癌、胰腺内分泌肿瘤、胆管癌、胆囊癌、阴茎癌、输尿管癌、精巢肿瘤、外阴癌、子宫颈癌、子宫体癌、子宫肉瘤、绒毛性疾病、阴道癌、皮肤癌、蕈样肉芽肿、基底细胞瘤、软组织肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤、霍奇金病、骨髓增生异常综合征、成人T细胞白血病、慢性骨髓增殖性疾病、胰腺内分泌肿瘤、纤维性组织细胞瘤、平滑肌肉瘤、横膈肌肉瘤、原发灶不明癌等)、白血病(例如,急性白血病(例如,急性淋巴性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病等)、慢性白血病(例如,慢性淋巴性白血病、慢性骨髓性白血病等)、骨髓增生综合征等)、子宫肉瘤(例如,子宫中胚叶混合瘤、子宫平滑肌肉瘤、子宫内膜间质瘤等)、骨髓纤维化等]。
作为药物的本发明的组合物可以使用药学上可接受的载体通过制剂技术领域中公知的方法来制造。作为上述药物的剂型,可以列举例如配合有缓冲剂和/或稳定剂等惯用的助剂的非经口给药用制剂(例如,注射剂等液剂)、配合有惯用的药物用载体的软膏、霜剂、液剂或膏药等局部用制剂。
本发明的组合物可以用于将活性成分导入到多个种类的细胞、组织或脏器中。作为可以应用本发明的组合物的细胞,可以列举例如脾细胞、神经细胞、神经胶质细胞、胰腺B细胞、骨髓细胞、系膜细胞、朗格汉斯细胞、表皮细胞、上皮细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、纤维细胞、肌细胞(例:骨骼肌细胞、心肌细胞、成肌细胞、肌卫星细胞)、脂肪细胞、免疫细胞(例:巨噬细胞、T细胞、B细胞、自然杀伤细胞、肥胖细胞、白细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞、巨核细胞)、滑膜细胞、软骨细胞、骨细胞、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、乳腺细胞、肝细胞或间质细胞、卵细胞、精细胞或可分化诱导为这些细胞的前体细胞、干细胞(例如,包含人工多能干细胞(iPS细胞)、胚胎干细胞(ES细胞))、造血细胞、卵母细胞、受精卵。另外,作为可以应用本发明的组合物的组织或脏器,可以列举上述的细胞所存在的所有组织或脏器、例如脑、脑的各部位(例:嗅球、扁头核、大脑基底核、海马、视丘、视丘下部、视丘下核、大脑皮质、延髓、小脑、枕叶、额叶、颞叶、壳核、尾状核、胼胝体、黑质)、脊髓、下垂体、胃、胰腺、肾脏、肝脏、生殖腺、甲状腺、胆囊、骨髓、肾上腺、皮肤、肌肉、肺、消化道(例:大肠、小肠)、血管、心脏、胸腺、脾脏、颌下腺、末梢血、末梢血细胞、前列腺、睾丸、精巢、卵巢、胎盘、子宫、骨、关节和骨骼肌。这些细胞、组织或脏器可以为发生了癌化的癌细胞或癌组织等。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物用于向心肌细胞以外的细胞、心脏以外的组织或脏器中导入作为活性成分的核酸。
本发明的组合物将核酸导入到癌细胞的效率特别优良。
本发明的化合物、脂质粒子和组合物可以稳定且低毒性地安全使用。将本发明的组合物在体内(in vivo)使用的情况、或者作为药物使用的情况下,以使有效量的核酸送达至靶标细胞的方式对给药对象(例如,人或非人哺乳动物((例如,小鼠、大鼠、仓鼠、兔、猫、狗、牛、绵羊、猴)(优选人)))给药该组合物即可。
将本发明的组合物在体内使用的情况、或者作为药物使用的情况下,通过制成例如片剂(包括糖衣片、薄膜衣片、舌下片、口腔内崩解片)、散剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂(包括软胶囊、微胶囊)、液剂、含片、糖浆剂、乳剂、悬浮剂、注射剂(例:皮下注射剂、静脉内注射剂、肌肉内注射剂、腹腔内注射剂等)、外用剂(例:经鼻给药制剂、经皮制剂、软膏剂)、栓剂(例:直肠栓剂、阴道栓剂)、丸剂、经鼻剂、经肺剂(吸入剂)、点滴剂等药物制剂,能够以经口或非经口(例:局部、直肠、静脉给药等)的方式安全地给药。这些制剂可以为速释性制剂或缓释性制剂等控释制剂(例:缓释性微胶囊)。
以下,对本发明的化合物的制造方法进行说明。
以下的制造方法中的各步骤中使用的原料和试剂、以及所得到的化合物可以分别形成盐。作为这样的盐,可以列举例如与前述本发明的化合物中的盐同样的盐。
在各步骤中得到的化合物为游离化合物的情况下,可以通过公知的方法转换为作为目标的盐。反之,在各步骤中得到的化合物为盐的情况下,可以通过公知的方法转换为游离体或作为目标的其他种类的盐。
各步骤中得到的化合物可以以反应液直接用于下一反应或者得到粗产物后用于下一反应,或者将各步骤中得到的化合物依据常规方法通过浓缩、晶析、重结晶、蒸馏、溶剂萃取、分馏、层析等分离手段从反应混合物中进行分离和/或纯化。
在各步骤的原料和试剂的化合物有市售的情况下,可以直接使用市售品。
各步骤的反应中,反应时间可以根据所使用的试剂、溶剂而不同,在没有特别记载的情况下,通常为1分钟~48小时、优选为10分钟~8小时。
各步骤的反应中,反应温度可以根据所使用的试剂、溶剂而不同,在没有特别记载的情况下,通常为-78℃~300℃、优选为-78℃~150℃。
各步骤的反应中,压力可以根据所使用的试剂、溶剂而不同,在没有特别记载的情况下,通常为1个大气压~20个大气压、优选为1个大气压~3个大气压。
各步骤的反应中,有时使用例如Biotage公司制造的Initiator等微波合成装置。反应温度可以根据所使用的试剂、溶剂而不同,在没有特别记载的情况下,通常为室温~300℃、优选为室温~250℃、更优选为50℃~250℃。反应时间可以根据所使用的试剂、溶剂而不同,在没有特别记载的情况下,通常为1分钟~48小时、优选为1分钟~8小时。
各步骤的反应中,在没有特别记载的情况下,使用相对于基质为0.5当量~20当量、优选0.8当量~5当量的试剂。在使用试剂作为催化剂的情况下,使用相对于基质为0.001当量~1当量、优选为0.01当量~0.2当量的试剂。在试剂兼作反应溶剂的情况下,使用溶剂量的试剂。
各步骤的反应中,在没有特别记载的情况下,这些反应在无溶剂条件下进行、或者溶解或悬浮于适当的溶剂后进行。作为溶剂的具体例,可以列举实施例中记载的溶剂或以下溶剂。
醇类:甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、2-甲氧基乙醇等;
醚类:乙醚、二异丙醚、二苯醚、四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、环戊基甲基醚等;
芳香族烃类:氯苯、甲苯、二甲苯等;
饱和烃类:环己烷、己烷、庚烷等;
酰胺类:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮等;
卤代烃类:二氯甲烷、四氯化碳等;
腈类:乙腈等;
亚砜类:二甲基亚砜等;
芳香族有机碱类:吡啶等;
酸酐类:乙酸酐等;
有机酸类:甲酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸等;
无机酸类:盐酸、硫酸等;
酯类:乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯等;
酮类:丙酮、甲乙酮等;
水。
上述溶剂可以将两种以上以适当比例混合后使用。
在各步骤的反应中使用碱的情况下,可以使用例如以下所示的碱或实施例中记载的碱。
无机碱类:氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁等;
碱性盐类:碳酸钠、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠等;
有机碱类:三乙胺、二乙胺、N,N-二异丙基乙胺、吡啶、4-二甲基氨基吡啶、N,N-二甲基苯胺、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]-7-十一碳烯、咪唑、哌啶等;
金属醇盐类:乙醇钠、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠等;
碱金属氢化物类:氢化钠等;
金属酰胺类:酰胺钠、二异丙基酰胺锂、六甲基二硅基氨基锂等;
有机锂类:正丁基锂、仲丁基锂等。
在各步骤的反应中使用酸或酸性催化剂的情况下,可以使用例如以下所示的酸或酸性催化剂、或实施例中记载的酸或酸性催化剂。
无机酸类:盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、氢溴酸、磷酸等;
有机酸类:乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、对甲苯磺酸、10-樟脑磺酸等;
路易斯酸:三氟化硼乙醚络合物、碘化锌、无水氯化铝、无水氯化锌、无水氯化铁等。
只要没有特别记载,则各步骤的反应依据公知的方法、例如第五版实验化学讲座、13卷~19卷(日本化学会编);新实验化学讲座、14卷~15卷(日本化学会编);精密有机化学修订第二版(L.F.Tietze,Th.Eicher、南江堂);修订有机人名反应其结构和要点(东乡秀雄著、讲谈社);有机合成汇编(ORGANIC SYNTHESES Collective)I~VII卷(John Wiley&SonsInc);实验室现代有机合成标准实验步骤汇编(Modern Organic Synthesis in theLaboratory A Collection of Standard Experimental Procedures)(Jie Jack Li著、牛津大学出版);综合杂环化学(Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry)III、Vol.1~Vol.14(爱思唯尔日本株式会社);从人名反应学到的有机合成策略(人名反应に学ぶ有機合成戦略)(富冈清监译、化学同人发行);综合有机转化(VCH出版社)1989年刊等中记载的方法、或实施例中记载的方法来进行。
在各步骤中,官能团的保护或脱保护反应依据公知的方法、例如Wiley-Interscience公司2007年出版的“有机合成中的保护基(Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis),第四版”(Theodora W.Greene,Peter G.M.Wuts著);Thieme公司2004年出版的“保护基(Protecting Groups)第三版”(P.J.Kocienski著)等中记载的方法、或实施例中记载的方法来进行。
作为醇等的羟基和酚性羟基的保护基,可以列举例如:甲氧基甲基醚、苄基醚、对甲氧基苄基醚、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基醚、叔丁基二苯基甲硅烷基醚、四氢吡喃基醚等醚型保护基;乙酸酯等羧酸酯型保护基;甲磺酸酯等磺酸酯型保护基;碳酸叔丁酯等碳酸酯型保护基等。
作为醛的羰基的保护基,可以列举例如:二甲基缩醛等缩醛型保护基;环状1,3-二氧杂环己烷等环状缩醛型保护基等。
作为酮的羰基的保护基,可以列举例如:二甲基缩酮等缩酮型保护基;环状1,3-二氧杂环己烷等环状缩酮型保护基;O-甲基肟等肟型保护基;N,N-二甲基腙等腙型保护基等。
作为羧基的保护基,可以列举例如:甲基酯等酯型保护基;N,N-二甲基酰胺等酰胺型保护基等。
作为硫醇的保护基,可以列举例如:苄基硫醚等醚型保护基;硫代乙酸酯、硫代碳酸酯、硫代氨基甲酸酯等酯型保护基等。
作为氨基、咪唑、吡咯、吲哚等芳香族杂环的保护基,可以列举例如:苄基氨基甲酸酯等氨基甲酸酯型保护基;乙酰胺等酰胺型保护基;N-三苯基甲胺等烷基胺型保护基、甲磺酰胺等磺酰胺型保护基等。
保护基的除去可以使用公知的方法、例如使用酸、碱、紫外线、肼、苯肼、N-甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠、四丁基氟化铵、乙酸钯、三烷基卤硅烷(例如,三甲基碘硅烷、三甲基溴硅烷)的方法、还原法等来进行。
在各步骤中进行还原反应的情况下,作为所使用的还原剂,可以列举:氢化锂铝、三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠、二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL-H)、硼氢化钠、四甲基三乙酰氧基硼氢化铵等金属氢化物类;硼烷四氢呋喃络合物等硼烷类;雷尼镍;雷尼钴;氢气;甲酸等。例如,在氢气或甲酸存在下,可以使用雷尼镍或雷尼钴。在对碳-碳双键或三键进行还原的情况下,有使用钯-碳、林德拉(Lindlar)催化剂等催化剂的方法。
在各步骤中进行氧化反应的情况下,作为所使用的氧化剂,可以列举:间氯过氧苯甲酸(MCPBA)、过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢等过酸类;高氯酸四丁基铵等高氯酸盐类;氯酸钠等氯酸盐类;次氯酸钠等次氯酸盐类;高碘酸钠等高碘酸类;亚碘酰苯等高原子价碘试剂;二氧化锰、高锰酸钾等含有锰的试剂;四乙酸铅等铅类;氯铬酸吡啶盐(PCC)、二铬酸吡啶盐(PDC)、琼斯试剂等含有铬的试剂;N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)等卤素化合物类;氧气;臭氧;三氧化硫-吡啶络合物;四氧化锇;二氧化硒;2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基-1,4-苯醌(DDQ)等。
在各步骤中进行自由基环化反应的情况下,作为所使用的自由基引发剂,可以列举:偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)等偶氮化合物;4-4’-偶氮双-4-氰基戊酸(ACPA)等水溶性自由基引发剂;空气或氧气存在下的三乙基硼;过氧化苯甲酰等。另外,作为所使用的自由基反应试剂,可以列举三丁基锡烷、三(三甲基甲硅烷基)硅烷、1,1,2,2-四苯基二硅烷、二苯基硅烷、碘化钐等。
在各步骤中进行维蒂希(Wittig)反应的情况下,作为所使用的维蒂希试剂,可以列举亚烷基磷烷类等。亚烷基磷烷类可以通过公知的方法、例如使盐与强碱反应来制备。
在各步骤中进行霍纳尔-埃蒙斯(Horner-Emmons)反应的情况下,作为所使用的试剂,可以列举二甲基磷酰基乙酸甲酯、二乙基磷酰基乙酸乙酯等磷酰基乙酸酯类;碱金属氢化物类、有机锂类等碱。
在各步骤中进行傅列德尔-克拉夫茨(Friedel-Crafts)反应的情况下,作为所使用的试剂,可以列举路易斯酸、酰氯或烷基化剂(例:卤代烷烃类、醇、烯烃类等)。或者,也可以使用有机酸、无机酸来代替路易斯酸,也可以使用乙酸酐等酸酐来代替酰氯。
在各步骤中进行芳香族亲核取代反应的情况下,作为试剂,可以使用亲核剂(例:胺类、咪唑等)和碱(例:碱性盐类、有机碱类等)。
在各步骤中进行利用碳负离子的亲核加成反应、利用碳负离子的亲核1,4-加成反应(迈克尔(Michael)加成反应)或利用碳负离子的亲核取代反应的情况下,作为用于产生碳负离子的碱,可以列举有机锂类、金属醇盐类、无机碱类、有机碱类等。
在各步骤中进行格利雅(Grignard)反应的情况下,作为格利雅试剂,可以列举苯基溴化镁等芳基卤化镁类;甲基溴化镁、异丙基溴化镁等烷基卤化镁类。格利雅试剂可以通过公知的方法、例如以醚或四氢呋喃作为溶剂使卤代烷烃或卤代芳烃与金属镁反应来制备。
在各步骤中进行克脑文盖尔(Knoevenagel)缩合反应的情况下,作为试剂,可以使用被两个吸电子基夹持的活性亚甲基化合物(例:丙二酸、丙二酸二乙酯、丙二腈等)和碱(例:有机碱类、金属醇盐类、无机碱类)。
在各步骤中进行维尔斯迈尔-哈克(Vilsmeier-Haack)反应的情况下,作为试剂,可以使用磺酰氯和酰胺衍生物(例:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等)。
在各步骤中进行醇类、卤代烷烃类、磺酸酯类的叠氮化反应的情况下,作为所使用的叠氮化剂,可以列举叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)、三甲基硅叠氮、叠氮化钠等。例如,在对醇类进行叠氮化的情况下,有使用叠氮磷酸二苯酯和1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)的方法、使用三甲基硅叠氮和路易斯酸的方法等。
在各步骤中进行还原的氨基化反应的情况下,作为所使用的还原剂,可以列举三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠、氰基硼氢化钠、氢气、甲酸等。在基质为胺化合物的情况下,作为所使用的羰基化合物,除了多聚甲醛以外,还可以列举乙醛等醛类、环己酮等酮类。在基质为羰基化合物的情况下,作为所使用的胺类,可以列举氨、甲胺等伯胺;二甲胺等仲胺等。
在各步骤中进行光延反应的情况下,作为试剂,可以使用偶氮二羧酸酯类(例:偶氮二羧酸二乙酯(DEAD)、偶氮二羧酸二异丙酯(DIAD)等)和三苯基膦。
在各步骤中进行酯化反应、酰胺化反应或尿素化反应的情况下,作为所使用的试剂,可以列举酰氯、酰溴等的酰卤体;酸酐、活性酯体、硫酸酯体等活化的羧酸类。作为羧酸的活化剂,可以列举:1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(WSCD)等碳二亚胺系缩合剂;4-(4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉盐酸盐-n-水合物(DMT-MM)等三嗪系缩合剂;1,1-羰基二咪唑(CDI)等碳酸酯系缩合剂;叠氮磷酸二苯酯(DPPA);苯并三唑-1-基氧基-三(二甲基氨基)盐(BOP试剂);碘化2-氯-1-甲基-吡啶盐(向山试剂);亚硫酰氯;氯甲酸乙酯等卤甲酸低级烷基酯;O-(7-氮杂苯并三唑-1-基)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基脲六氟磷酸盐(HATU);硫酸;或它们的组合等。在使用碳二亚胺系缩合剂的情况下,可以在反应中进一步添加1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt)、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(HOSu)、二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)等添加剂。
在各步骤中进行偶联反应的情况下,作为所使用的金属催化剂,可以列举:乙酸钯(II)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)、二氯双(三苯基膦)钯(II)、二氯双(三乙基膦)钯(II)、三(二苄叉丙酮)二钯(0)、1,1’-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁氯化钯(II)、乙酸钯(II)等钯化合物;四(三苯基膦)镍(0)等镍化合物;三(三苯基膦)氯化铑(III)等铑化合物;钴化合物;氧化铜、碘化铜(I)等铜化合物;铂化合物等。可以进一步在反应中添加碱,作为这样的碱,可以列举无机碱类、碱性盐类等。
在各步骤中进行硫羰基化反应的情况下,作为硫羰基化剂,代表地可以使用五硫化二磷,但除了五硫化二磷以外,还可以使用2,4-双(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,2,4-二硫杂二磷杂环丁烷-2,4-二硫化物(劳森(Lowesson)试剂)等具有1,3,2,4-二硫杂二磷杂环丁烷-2,4-二硫化物结构的试剂。
在各步骤中进行沃尔-齐格勒(Wohl-Ziegler)反应的情况下,作为所使用的卤化剂,可以列举N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)、N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(NCS)、溴、硫酰氯等。进而,通过在反应中添加热、光、过氧化苯甲酰、偶氮二异丁腈等自由基引发剂,可以使反应加快。
在各步骤中进行羟基的卤化反应的情况下,作为所使用的卤化剂,可以列举氢卤酸与无机酸的酰卤,具体而言,在氯化中可以列举盐酸、亚硫酰氯、氧氯化磷等,在溴化中可以列举48%氢溴酸等。另外,也可以使用通过三苯基膦与四氯化碳或四溴化碳等的作用由醇得到卤代烷烃体的方法。或者,也可以使用经过将醇转换为磺酸酯后、与溴化锂、氯化锂或碘化钠反应这样的两阶段反应来合成卤代烷烃体的方法。
在各步骤中进行艾伯佐夫(Arbuzov)反应的情况下,作为所使用的试剂,可以列举:溴乙酸乙酯等卤代烷烃类;三乙基亚磷酸酯、三(异丙基)亚磷酸酯等亚磷酸酯类。
在各步骤中进行砜酯化反应的情况下,作为所使用的砜化剂,可以列举甲磺酰氯、对甲苯磺酰氯、甲磺酸酐、对甲苯磺酸酐、三氟甲磺酸酐等。
在各步骤中进行水解反应的情况下,作为试剂,可以使用酸或碱。另外,在进行叔丁基酯的酸水解反应的情况下,有时为了将副生成的叔丁基阳离子还原性地捕获而添加甲酸、三乙基硅烷等。
在各步骤中进行脱水反应的情况下,作为所使用的脱水剂,可以列举硫酸、五氧化二磷、氧氯化磷、N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺、氧化铝、聚磷酸等。
化合物(I)可以通过例如下述制法来制造。本发明中,特别是在酯化时,通过使用与目标化合物(I)的结构相应的适当原料,可以合成期望结构的化合物(I)。另外,化合物(I)的盐可以通过与无机碱、有机碱、有机酸、碱性或酸性氨基酸的适当混合来得到。
制法A(L为-C(O)O-的情况)
制法B(L为-NHC(O)O-的情况)
制法C
上述式中,P1、P2、P3、P4、P5和P6各自独立地表示保护基,
化合物(A)表示式:
化合物(B)表示式:R1表示/>
化合物(C)表示式:R2表示/>
以下,对含有本发明的化合物的脂质粒子、以及含有该脂质粒子和作为活性成分的核酸的核酸导入(转染)用组合物的制造方法进行记载。
本发明的脂质粒子可以通过用于将作为阳离子性脂质的本发明的化合物根据需要与其他脂质成分混合后、由脂质成分制备脂质粒子的公知方法来制造。例如,可以将上述的(混合)脂质成分溶解于有机溶剂中,将所得到的有机溶剂溶液与水或缓冲液混合(例如乳化法),由此以脂质粒子分散液的形式来制造。上述混合可以使用微型流体混合系统(例如,NanoAssemblr装置(Precision NanoSystems公司))来进行。所得到的脂质粒子可以进行脱盐或透析和灭菌过滤。另外,可以根据需要进行pH调整、渗透压调整。
化合物(I)可以通过式(I)的n1、n2、n3、L、Ra、Rb、Rc、Rd、Re和Rf的定义的组合而得到多种结构。脂质粒子的制造中,作为化合物(I),可以单独使用具有特定结构的一种化合物,也可以以结构不同的多种化合物的混合物来使用。
作为“其他脂质成分”,可以列举如前所述的结构脂质、例如固醇类、磷脂、聚乙二醇脂质。“其他脂质成分”例如相对于本发明的化合物1摩尔使用0.008~4摩尔。本发明的化合物优选与其他脂质成分(特别是,胆固醇、磷脂酰胆碱和聚乙二醇脂质)混合使用。将本发明的化合物与其他脂质成分混合使用时的优选方式为本发明的化合物1~4摩尔、固醇类0~3摩尔、磷脂0~2摩尔和聚乙二醇脂质0~1摩尔的混合物。将本发明的化合物与其他脂质成分混合使用时的更优选方式为本发明的化合物1~1.5摩尔、固醇类0~1.25摩尔、磷脂0~0.5摩尔和聚乙二醇脂质0~0.125摩尔的混合物。
上述的有机溶剂溶液中的本发明的化合物、或者本发明的化合物与其他脂质成分的混合物的浓度优选为0.5~100mg/mL。
作为有机溶剂,可以列举例如甲醇、乙醇、1-丙醇、2-丙醇、1-丁醇、叔丁醇、丙酮、乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜或它们的混合物。有机溶剂可以含有0~20%的水或缓冲液。
作为缓冲液,可以列举酸性缓冲液(例如,乙酸缓冲液、柠檬酸缓冲液、2-吗啉代乙磺酸(MES)缓冲液、磷酸缓冲液)、中性缓冲液(例如,4-(2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪乙磺酸(HEPES)缓冲液、三(羟基甲基)氨基甲烷(Tris)缓冲液、磷酸缓冲液、磷酸缓冲生理盐水(PBS))。
在使用微型流体混合系统进行混合的情况下,优选相对于有机溶剂溶液1体积份混合水或缓冲液1~5体积份。另外,该系统中,混合液(有机溶剂溶液与水或缓冲液的混合液)流速例如为0.01~20mL/分钟、优选为0.1~10mL/分钟,温度例如为5~60℃、优选为15~45℃。
本发明的组合物可以通过在制造脂质粒子或脂质粒子分散液时向水或缓冲液中预先添加核酸而以含有核酸的脂质粒子分散液来制造。核酸优选以使水或缓冲液中的核酸的浓度例如为0.01~20mg/mL、优选为0.05~2.0mg/mL的方式进行添加。
另外,本发明的组合物也可以通过将脂质粒子或脂质粒子分散液与核酸或其水溶液利用公知的方法进行混合而以含有活性成分的脂质粒子分散液来制造。脂质粒子分散液可以通过使脂质粒子分散于适当的分散介质中来制备。另外,活性成分的水溶液可以通过使活性成分溶解于适当的溶剂中来制备。
除分散介质和溶剂以外的本发明的组合物中的本发明的化合物的含量通常为10~70重量%、优选为40~70重量%。
除分散介质和溶剂以外的本发明的组合物中的核酸的含量通常为0.1~25重量%、优选为1~20重量%。
脂质粒子分散液或含有组合物的分散液的分散介质可以通过进行透析而置换为水或缓冲液。透析中,使用截留分子量10~20K的超滤膜,在4℃~室温下实施。可以反复进行透析。分散介质的置换可以使用切向流过滤(TFF)。另外,分散介质的置换后,可以根据需要进行pH调整、渗透压调整。作为pH调整剂,可以列举例如氢氧化钠、柠檬酸、乙酸、三乙醇胺、磷酸氢钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾等。另外,作为渗透压调整剂,可以列举例如氯化钠、氯化钾、磷酸氢钠、磷酸氢钾、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾等无机盐类、甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇等多元醇类、葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、蔗糖等糖类。pH通常被调整至6.5~8.0,优选被调整至7.0~7.8。渗透压优选被调整至250~350Osm/kg。
本发明的组合物中,可以根据需要含有脂质粒子和核酸以外的成分。作为这样的成分,可以列举例如适量的稳定剂和抗氧化剂。
作为稳定剂,没有特别限定,可以列举例如甘油、甘露醇、山梨醇、乳糖或蔗糖这样的糖类。
作为抗氧化剂,可以列举例如抗坏血酸、尿酸、半胱氨酸、生育酚同族物(维生素E、生育酚α、β、γ、δ这四个异构体等)、EDTA、半胱氨酸等。
以下,对含有本发明的化合物的脂质粒子、以及含有该脂质粒子和作为活性成分的核酸的组合物的分析方法进行记载。
(组合物中的)脂质粒子的粒径可以利用公知的手段进行测定。例如,可以使用基于动态光散射测定技术的粒径测定装置Zetasizer Nano ZS(Malvern Instruments),通过自相关函数的累积量分析,以Z平均粒径来计算。(组合物中的)脂质粒子的粒径(平均粒径)例如为10~200nm、优选为60~170nm。
本发明的组合物中的核酸(例如siRNA、mRNA)的浓度和包封率可以利用公知的手段进行测定。例如,使用Quant-iTTM Ribo Green(注册商标)(Invitrogen)对核酸进行荧光标记,测定其荧光强度,由此可以求出浓度和包封率。组合物中的核酸的浓度可以使用由浓度已知的核酸水溶液制作的标准曲线来算出,包封率可以基于Triton-X100(用于使脂质粒子崩解的表面活性剂)的添加的有无所带来的荧光强度差异来算出。需要说明的是,组合物中的核酸的浓度是指被脂质粒子包封的核酸和未被包封的核酸的合计浓度,包封率是指组合物中的全部核酸中被脂质粒子包封的核酸的比例。
实施例
进一步通过以下的实施例、制造例和试验例对本发明详细地进行说明,但本发明不受它们的限定,并且可以在不脱离本发明范围的范围内进行变化。
以下的实施例中的“室温”通常表示约10℃~约35℃。混合溶剂中示出的比值只要没有特别说明则表示容量比。%只要没有特别说明则表示重量%。
只要没有特别说明,则实施例的柱色谱中的洗脱在基于TLC(Thin LayerChromatography,薄层色谱)的观察下进行。TLC观察中,作为TLC板,使用默克(Merck)公司制造的60F254,作为展开溶剂,使用柱色谱中用作洗脱溶剂的溶剂。另外,检测使用UV检测器,根据需要使用TLC显色试剂进行观察。硅胶柱色谱中,在记载为NH的情况下,使用氨基丙基硅烷键合硅胶,在记载为Diol的情况下,使用3-(2,3-二羟基丙氧基)丙基硅烷键合硅胶。制备HPLC(高效液相色谱)中,在记载为C18的情况下,使用十八烷基键合硅胶。洗脱溶剂中示出的比值只要没有特别说明则表示容量比。
1H NMR通过傅立叶变换型NMR进行测定。1H NMR的分析使用ACD/SpecManager(商品名)软件等。对于羟基、氨基等的质子峰非常平缓的峰,有时未进行记载。
MS通过LC/MS和MALDI/TOFMS进行测定。作为电离法,使用ESI法、APCI法或MALDI法。作为基质,使用CHCA。数据记载了实测值(found)。通常观测到分子离子峰,但有时以碎片离子的形式被观测到。在盐的情况下,通常观测到游离体的分子离子峰、阳离子种、阴离子种或碎片离子峰。
以下的实施例中,使用下述的简写符号。
MS:质谱
M:摩尔浓度
N:当量浓度
CDCl3:氘代氯仿
DMSO-d6:氘代二甲基亚砜
1H NMR:质子核磁共振
LC/MS:液相色谱质谱分析仪
ESI:electrospray ionization、电喷雾电离
APCI:atmospheric pressure chemical ionization、大气压化学电离
MALDI:Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization、基质辅助激光解吸电离
TOFMS:Time-of-flight mass spectrometry、飞行时间质谱分析
CHCA:α-氰基-4-羟基肉桂酸
DMF:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
THF:四氢呋喃
DMAP:4-二甲基氨基吡啶
TBAF:四丁基氟化铵
DIBAL-H:二异丁基氢化铝
DBU:1,8-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一碳-7-烯
[实施例1]4-庚基十一酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯
A)2-庚基壬酸甲酯
在氮气气流冰冷下,将60%氢化钠(含有矿物油)(3.78g)的脱水DMF(100mL)悬浮液搅拌10分钟。然后,在10℃以下滴加丙二酸二甲酯(5.0g)。在该温度下搅拌10分钟后、滴加1-碘庚烷(18.3mL),升温至室温。4小时后,将反应混合物用6N盐酸中和后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水洗涤两次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣溶解于DMSO(75mL)中,添加水(0.68mL)、氯化锂(3.21g),升温至165℃。在该温度下搅拌16小时后,加入水,用乙酸乙酯稀释。用饱和盐水洗涤两次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(8.14g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.90(6H,m),1.20-1.32(20H,m),1.36-1.47(2H,m),1.54-1.62(2H,m),2.33(1H,tt,J=9.0,5.4Hz),3.67(3H,s)
B)2-庚基壬烷-1-醇
在氮气气流冰冷下,向氢化铝锂(2.15g)的脱水THF(92mL)悬浮液中滴加2-庚基壬酸甲酯(7.67g)的脱水THF(50mL)溶液,在10℃以下搅拌1小时。然后,升温至室温,搅拌3小时。再次冷却至10℃以下后,一点一点地添加硫酸钠十水合物。用乙酸乙酯稀释后,硅藻土过滤不溶物,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,得到标题化合物(6.91g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.86-0.91(6H,m),1.16-1.34(25H,m),1.41-1.49(1H,m),3.54(2H,t,J=5.2Hz)
C)2-庚基壬醛
在氮气气流下,将草酰氯(4.9mL)的二氯甲烷(30mL)溶液冷却至-70℃,在保持-60℃以下的同时滴加二甲基亚砜(6.1mL)的二氯甲烷(30mL)溶液。在-70℃下搅拌15分钟后,在保持-60℃以下的同时滴加2-庚基壬烷-1-醇(6.9g)的二氯甲烷(25mL)溶液。在-70℃下搅拌2小时后,加入三乙胺(23.8mL),升温至室温。加入饱和氯化铵水溶液进行分液操作,然后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(6.06g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.85-0.92(6H,m),1.19-1.33(20H,m),1.37-1.47(2H,m),1.56-1.65(2H,m),2.18-2.25(1H,m),9.55(1H,d,J=3.2Hz)
D)乙基-4-庚基十一碳-2-烯酸酯
在氮气气流冰冷下,将60%氢化钠(含有矿物油)(1.4g)的脱水THF(70mL)悬浮液搅拌10分钟。然后,在10℃以下滴加(二乙氧基磷酰基)乙酸乙酯(16.8g)。在该温度下搅拌10分钟后,滴加2-庚基壬醛(6.0g)的脱水THF(60mL)溶液,升温至室温。搅拌一会儿后,升温至50℃。搅拌6小时后,使反应混合物为5℃以下,添加水后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水洗涤两次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(5.4g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.87(6H,t,J=6.0Hz),1.16-1.34(25H,m),1.37-1.45(2H,m)2.07-2.15(1H,m),4.19(2H,q,J=7.5Hz),5.75(1H,d,J=16.0Hz),6.75(1H,dd,J=16.0,10.0Hz)
E)4-庚基十一酸
在室温下向乙基-4-庚基十一碳-2-烯酸酯(5.40g)的乙醇(100mL)溶液中添加10%钯碳(1.08g),在氢气气氛下搅拌20小时。反应后,将钯碳过滤除去后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。向所得到的残渣中加入8N氢氧化钠水溶液(6.38mL)的乙醇(20mL)溶液,在60℃下搅拌5小时。将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去后,用6N盐酸使其呈酸性。将残渣用己烷稀释,用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,得到标题化合物(4.73g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.88(6H,t,J=7.5Hz),1.17-1.41(25H,m),1.16-1.34(2H,m),2.22-2.34(2H,m)
F)2-(((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-2-(羟基甲基)丙烷-1,3-二醇
在室温下向2,2-双(羟基甲基)丙烷-1,3-二醇(5.0g)、1H-咪唑(2.5g)和DMF(200mL)的混合物中加入叔丁基氯二苯基硅烷(5.1g)的DMF(10mL)溶液。搅拌18小时后,将反应混合物在减压下浓缩。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,用水洗涤三次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(6.4g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 1.07(9H,s),2.34(3H,t,J=5.5Hz),3.67(2H,s),3.74(6H,d,J=5.7Hz),7.39-7.48(6H,m),7.63-7.67(4H,m)
G)(5-(((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲醇
在室温下向2-(((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-2-(羟基甲基)丙烷-1,3-二醇(3.5g)、2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(1.5g)的丙酮(35mL)溶液中加入对甲苯磺酸一水合物(89mg)。搅拌2小时后,向反应混合物中加入稀氨水进行中和,然后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(2.7g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 1.07(9H,s),1.27(3H,s),1.41(3H,s),2.12-2.18(1H,m),3.69-3.78(8H,m),7.38-7.47(6H,m),7.65-7.69(4H,m)
H)4-庚基十一酸(5-(羟基甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯
在50℃下向(5-(((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲醇(3.56g)、DMAP(1.37g)和4-庚基十一酸(3.18g)的DMF(30mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(2.47g)。搅拌6小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤一次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。在室温下向所得到的残渣(6.15g)的THF(20mL)溶液中加入TBAF的THF溶液(1M,10.3mL)。搅拌4小时后,将反应混合物在减压下浓缩。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,用水洗涤一次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(2.34g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.88(6H,t,J=6.9Hz),1.22-1.32(25H,m),1.42(6H,s),1.57-1.62(2H,m),2.30-2.35(2H,m),3.48(2H,d,J=6.6Hz),3.71-3.73(4H,m),4.25(2H,s)
I)4-庚基十一酸(5-(((5-二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯
在40℃下向4-庚基十一酸(5-(羟基甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯(1.2g)、DMAP(0.94g)和5-(二甲基氨基)戊酸盐酸盐(0.74g)的DMF(30mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(0.94g)。搅拌4小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤一次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(NH、乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(1.37g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.88(6H,t,J=6.9Hz),1.20-1.32(25H,m),1.42(6H,s),1.45-1.52(2H,m),1.54-1.67(4H,m),2.21(6H,s),2.23-2.31(4H,m),2.35(2H,t,J=7.5Hz),3.75(4H,s),4.11(2H,s),4.12(2H,s)
J)4-庚基十一酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯
向4-庚基十一酸(5-(((5-二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯(1.37g)中加入乙酸(6.85mL)、水(3.43mL),在70℃下搅拌2小时后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。向残渣中加入乙酸乙酯、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液,搅拌2小时。用水洗涤两次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。向所得到的残渣(400mg)中加入DMAP(478mg)和辛酸(327mg)的DMF(4mL)溶液后,在50℃下加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(478mg)。搅拌4小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用饱和碳酸钠水溶液洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(NH、乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(300mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.86-0.91(12H,m),1.15-1.34(45H,m),1.45-1.52(2H,m),1.53-1.66(4H,m),2.20(6H,s),2.23-2.36(10H,m),4.11(8H,s)
[实施例8]双(2-己基辛酸)2-(((6-(二甲基氨基)己酰基)氧基)甲基-2-((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯
A)2-己基辛酸
在氮气气流冰冷下,将60%氢化钠(含有矿物油)(3.78g)的脱水DMF(90mL)悬浮液搅拌10分钟。然后,在10℃以下滴加丙二酸二甲酯(5.0g)。在该温度下搅拌10分钟后,滴加1-碘己烷(16.8mL),升温至室温。8小时后,向反应混合物中添加乙酸(1mL)后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣溶解于乙醇(EtOH)(80mL)中,加入8N氢氧化钠水溶液(25mL),在60℃下搅拌6小时。用6N盐酸中和后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水洗涤后、用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣在160℃下加热1.5小时,冷却至室温后,利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(7.45g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.83-0.92(6H,m),1.22-1.35(16H,m),1.38-1.52(2H,m),1.56-1.67(2H,m),2.34(1H,ddd,J=8.7,5.4,3.3Hz)
B)(2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5,5-二基)二甲醇
将2,2-双(羟基甲基)丙烷-1,3-二醇(506g)的水(2.0L)溶液在50℃下搅拌。加入浓盐酸(18mL),在30℃附近用3小时滴加对甲氧基苯甲醛(474mL)。然后,使反应液为25℃,搅拌5小时。加入2N氢氧化钠水溶液(120mL),搅拌1小时。将结晶过滤,用水洗涤后,用乙酸乙酯/己烷进行重结晶,得到标题化合物(769g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 3.24(2H,d,J=5.0Hz),3.67(2H,d,J=5.4Hz),3.74(3H,s),3.77(2H,d,J=11.3Hz),3.88(2H,t,J=11.3Hz),4.53(1H,t,J=5.4Hz),4.62(1H,t,J=5.0Hz),5.34(1H,s),6.90(2H,d,J=8.9Hz),7.33(2H,d,J=8.9Hz)
C)9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-3,3-二甲基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷
在室温下向(2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5,5-二基)二甲醇(2.00g)、2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(2.46g)的DMF(8mL)溶液中加入吡啶对甲苯磺酸盐(20mg)。搅拌4小时后,将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤两次后,用无水硫酸镁干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣用乙酸乙酯/己烷进行重结晶,得到标题化合物(1.62g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.34(6H,s),3.33(2H,s),3.63(2H,d,J=11.7Hz),3.74(3H,s),3.99(2H,s),4.12(2H,d,J=11.7Hz),5.37(1H,s),6.90(2H,d,J=8.8Hz),7.34(2H,d,J=8.8Hz)
D)(5-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲醇
在5~20℃下向9-(4-甲氧基苯基)-3,3-二甲基-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷(22.0g)的甲苯(200mL)悬浊溶液中滴加1.5M DIBAL-H溶液(60mL),在15℃下搅拌3小时。添加甲醇(22mL)后,依次滴加2N氢氧化钠水溶液(100mL)、4N氢氧化钠水溶液(200mL)。搅拌1.5小时后,分取甲苯层,用5%盐水洗涤。将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(14.7g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 1.29(3H,s),1.29(3H,s),3.35(2H,s),3.39(2H,d,J=5.1Hz),3.61(4H,s),3.74(3H,s),4.38(2H,s),4.59(1H,t,J=5.1Hz),6.90(2H,dlike,J=7.5Hz),7.24(2H,d like,J=7.5Hz)
E)辛酸(5-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯
在50℃下向(5-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲醇(2.00g)、DMAP(412mg)和辛酸(1.27g)的DMF(20mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(1.94g)。搅拌4小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(2.78g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.91(3H,m),1.22-1.33(8H,m),1.40(6H,s),1.53-1.61(2H,m),2.26(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),3.39(2H,s),3.68-3.74(2H,m),3.76-3.80(2H,m),3.80(3H,s),4.15(2H,s),4.42(2H,s),6.87(2H,d,J=7.8Hz),7.20-7.24(2H,m)
F)辛酸3-羟基-2-(羟基甲基)-2-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)丙酯
向辛酸(5-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯(754mg)的THF(6mL)溶液中加入1N盐酸(6mL),在室温下搅拌6小时。加入饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液或2N氢氧化钠水溶液(4mL)后,用乙酸乙酯萃取,用水和饱和盐水洗涤。将该一系列操作反复进行4次直至脱保护完成。反应完成后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,得到标题化合物(608mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 0.85(3H,t,J=7.3Hz),1.15-1.30(9H,m),1.40-1.50(2H,m),2.22(2H,t,J=7.5Hz),3.31(2H,s),3.39(4H,d,J=5.4Hz),3.76(3H,s),3.95(2H,s),4.35(2H,s),4.43(2H,t,J=5.4Hz),6.89(2H,d,J=6.6Hz),7.21(2H,d,J=6.6Hz)
G)双(2-己基辛酸)2-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)-2-((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯
在室温下向辛酸3-羟基-2-(羟基甲基)-2-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)丙酯(2.0g)、DMAP(0.64g)和2-己基辛酸(2.63g)的DMF(20mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(2.41g)。在室温下搅拌15小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后、将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(3.48g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.83-0.91(15H,m),1.19-1.33(42H,m),1.37-1.47(4H,m),1.51-1.61(4H,m),2.24(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),2.32(2H,brt,J=5.4Hz),3.41(2H,s),3.80(3H,s),4.08-4.16(6H,m),4.39(2H,s),6.86(2H,d,J=7.6Hz),7.19(2H,d,J=8.8Hz)
H)双(2-己基辛酸)2-(羟基甲基)-2-((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯
在室温下向双(2-己基辛酸)2-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)-2-((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯(3.48g)的乙醇(30mL)溶液中加入10%钯碳(280mg),在氢气气氛下搅拌7小时。反应后,将钯碳过滤除去后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(1.68g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.91(15H,m),1.19-1.33(42H,m),1.41-1.51(4H,m),1.54-1.63(4H,m),2.30-2.38(4H,m),2.61-2.64(1H,m),3.48(2H,d,J=7.3Hz),4.08-4.14(6H,m)
I)双(2-己基辛酸)2-(((6-(二甲基氨基)己酰基)氧基)甲基-2-((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯
在室温下向双(2-己基辛酸)2-(羟基甲基)-2-((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯(600mg)、DMAP(54mg)和6-(二甲基氨基)己酸(280mg)的DMF(6mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(303mg)。在40℃下搅拌15小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。利用硅胶柱色谱(NH,乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(513mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.83-0.92(15H,m),1.19-1.34(42H,m),1.39-1.50(6H,m),1.52-1.73(8H,m),2.21(6H,s),2.21-2.35(8H,m),4.10(8H,s)
[实施例10]4,5-二丁基壬酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯
A)3-丁基庚-2-烯酸乙酯
在氮气气流冰冷下,将60%氢化钠(含有矿物油)(3.94g)的脱水THF(100mL)悬浮液搅拌10分钟。然后,在10℃以下滴加(二乙氧基磷酰基)乙酸乙酯(23.7g)。在该温度下搅拌10分钟后,添加壬烷-5-酮(10.0g),升温至室温。搅拌一会儿后,升温至50℃。搅拌10小时后,使反应混合物为5℃以下,添加水后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水洗涤两次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(4.47g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.92(6H,td,J=7.3,3.2Hz),1.25-1.47(11H,m),2.14(2H,td,J=7.6,1.1Hz),2.57-2.62(2H,m),4.14(2H,q,J=7.1Hz),5.62(1H,s)
B)3-丁基庚酸乙酯
在室温下向3-丁基庚-2-烯酸乙酯(5.80g)的乙醇(25mL)溶液中加入10%钯碳(1.50g),在氢气气氛下搅拌5小时。反应后,将钯碳过滤除去后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,得到标题化合物(5.49g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.93(6H,m),1.21-1.33(15H,m),1.80-1.88(1H,m),2.22(2H,d,J=6.9Hz),4.12(2H,q,J=7.1Hz)
C)2,3-二丁基庚酸乙酯
在氮气气流下,将二异丙胺(11.8mL)的脱水THF(59mL)溶液冷却至-10℃,慢慢滴加1.6M正丁基锂(n-BuLi)己烷溶液(35.2mL)。滴加结束后,使反应液为0℃,搅拌10分钟。再次冷却至-10℃,滴加3-丁基庚酸乙酯(5.49g)的脱水THF(16mL)溶液,在-5℃附近搅拌30分钟。然后,滴加1-碘丁烷(9.43g),搅拌一会儿后使其为室温。搅拌3小时后,用6N盐酸中和后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用10%硫代硫酸钠水溶液洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(5.57g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.93(9H,m),1.17-1.41(20H,m),1.51-1.65(2H,m),2.34(1H,ddd,J=10.6,6.5,3.8Hz),4.07-4.19(2H,m)
D)2,3-二丁基庚烷-1-醇
在氮气气流冰冷下,向氢化锂铝(1.54g)的脱水THF(66mL)悬浮液中滴加2,3-二丁基庚酸乙酯(5.50g)的脱水THF(10mL)溶液。滴加结束后,搅拌10分钟,使其恢复至室温。搅拌2小时后,冷却至5℃以下,一点一点地地添加硫酸钠十水合物。观察不到发泡后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,硅藻土过滤不溶物。将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,得到标题化合物(4.67g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.86-0.93(9H,m),1.12-1.34(19H,m),1.37-1.46(1H,m),1.47-1.61(1H,m),3.49-3.62(2H,m)
E)2,3-二丁基庚醛
在氮气气流下,将2,3-二丁基庚烷-1-醇(4.60g)和DBU(6.02mL)的二氯甲烷(46mL)溶液冷却至-10℃,在保持-5℃以下的同时滴加N-叔丁基苯硫腈氯化物(6.52g)的二氯甲烷(20mL)溶液。在-10℃下搅拌3小时后,用1N盐酸使其呈酸性。进行分液操作后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(4.11g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.83-0.96(9H,m),1.15-1.39(16H,m),1.52-1.60(1H,m),1.62-1.74(2H,m),2.22-2.27(1H,m),9.64(1H,d,J=2.8Hz)
F)4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酸乙酯
在氮气气流冰冷下,将60%氢化钠(含有矿物油)(1.0g)的脱水THF(41mL)悬浮液搅拌10分钟。然后,在10℃以下滴加(二乙氧基磷酰基)乙酸乙酯(6.10g)。在该温度下搅拌10分钟后,滴加2,3-二丁基庚醛(4.10g)的脱水THF(8mL)溶液,升温至室温。搅拌一会儿后,升温至50℃。搅拌5小时后,使反应混合物为5℃以下,添加水后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和盐水洗涤两次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(4.14g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.83-0.97(9H,m),1.14-1.38(22H,m),2.16-2.30(1H,m),4.10-4.22(2H,m),5.72-5.78(1H,m),6.80(1H,dd,J=15.6,9.6Hz)
G)4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酮酸
将4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酸乙酯(4.10g)和8N氢氧化钠水溶液(6.1mL)的乙醇(30mL)溶液在60℃下搅拌2小时。将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,用1N盐酸使其呈酸性。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(2.80g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.81-0.93(9H,m),1.06-1.47(19H,m),2.16-2.33(1H,m),5.75-5.80(1H,m),6.92(1H,dd,J=15.8,9.8Hz)
H)4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酸3-羟基-2-(羟基甲基)-2-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)丙酯
在室温下向(5-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲醇(600mg)、DMAP(240mg)和4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酮酸(706mg)的DMF(4mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(582mg)。搅拌一晩后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后、将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。使所得到的残渣溶解于THF(12mL)中,然后加入1N盐酸(6mL),搅拌3天。向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用5%碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(870mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.93(9H,m),1.13-1.36(18H,m),1.40-1.47(1H,m),2.21(1H,dt,J=9.3,4.8Hz),2.69(2H,td,J=6.6,2.5Hz),3.48(2H,s),3.55-3.67(4H,m),3.80-3.82(3H,m),4.23-4.32(2H,m),4.45(2H,s),5.74-5.79(1H,m),6.82-6.91(3H,m),7.21-7.25(2H,m)
I)4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酸3-((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯
在室温下向4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酸3-羟基-2-(羟基甲基)-2-(((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)甲基)丙酯(870mg)、DMAP(210mg)和辛酸(545mg)的DMF(6mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(757mg)。在60℃下搅拌4小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(1.26g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.83-0.93(15H,m),1.13-1.45(35H,m),1.52-1.61(4H,m),2.17-2.31(5H,m),3.43(2H,s),3.80(3H,s),4.10-4.22(6H,m),4.40(2H,s),5.73(1H,d,J=15.4Hz),6.78-6.90(3H,m),7.19(2H,d,J=7.9Hz)
J)4,5-二丁基壬酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯
在室温下向4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酸3-((4-甲氧基苄基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯(1.26g)的乙醇(10mL)与乙酸乙酯(10mL)的混合溶液中加入10%钯碳(110mg),在氢气气氛下搅拌一晩。反应后,将钯碳过滤除去后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。在室温下向残渣(500mg)、DMAP(95mg)和5-(二甲基氨基)戊酸盐酸盐(170mg)的DMF(4mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(194mg)。在50℃下搅拌7小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(NH、乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(250mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.91(15H,m),1.09-1.31(37H,m),1.42-1.52(2H,m),1.54-1.66(6H,m),1.76-1.97(1H,m),2.21(6H,s),2.24-2.35(10H,m),4.07-4.13(8H,m)
[实施例14]二癸酸2-(((4,5-二丁基壬酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-(((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯
A)4,5-二丁基壬酸乙酯
在室温下向4,5-二丁基壬-2-烯酸乙酯(2.50g)的乙醇(20mL)溶液中加入10%钯碳(0.54g),在氢气气氛下搅拌5小时。反应后,将钯碳过滤除去后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,得到标题化合物(2.49g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.82-1.00(9H,m),1.10-1.33(23H,m),1.46-1.63(2H,m),2.19-2.36(2H,m),4.06-4.19(2H,m)
B)4,5-二丁基壬酸
将4,5-二丁基壬酸乙酯(2.49g)和8N氢氧化钠水溶液(3.55mL)的乙醇(12.5mL)溶液在60℃下搅拌7小时。将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,用1N盐酸使其呈酸性。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,得到标题化合物(2.36g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.83-0.94(9H,m),0.95-1.33(20H,m),1.49(1H,ddt,J=13.7,9.3,6.8,6.8Hz),1.56-1.74(1H,m),2.26-2.42(2H,m)
C)4,5-二丁基壬酸(5-(羟基甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯
在室温下向(5-(((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲醇(800mg)、DMAP(306mg)和4,5-二丁基壬酸(678mg)的DMF(8mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(555mg)。在50℃下搅拌8小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化。在室温下向该化合物的THF(4mL)溶液中加入TBAF的THF溶液(1M,2.32mL)。在室温下搅拌一晩后,将反应混合物在减压下浓缩。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤一次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(680mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.89(9H,t,J=6.8Hz),1.09-1.31(20H,m),1.42(6H,s),1.45-1.54(1H,m),1.57-1.62(1H,m),2.29-2.37(3H,m),3.48(2H,d,J=6.6Hz),3.70-3.75(4H,m),4.25(2H,d,J=1.9Hz)
D)4,5-二丁基壬酸(5-(((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯
在室温下向4,5-二丁基壬酸(5-(羟基甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯(680mg)、DMAP(388mg)和5-(二甲基氨基)戊酸盐酸盐(576mg)的DMF(7mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(669mg)。在50℃下搅拌7小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(740mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.89(9H,t,J=6.9Hz),1.09-1.31(21H,m),1.42(6H,s),1.48(3H,dt,J=15.1,7.6Hz),1.60-1.66(2H,m),2.21(6H,s),2.22-2.32(4H,m),2.35(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),3.75(4H,s),4.09-4.13(4H,m)
E)二癸酸2-(((4,5-二丁基壬酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-(((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯
向4,5-二丁基壬酸(5-(((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯(1.68g)中加入乙酸(8.4mL)和水(4.2mL),在75℃下搅拌2小时。将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,加入乙酸乙酯和饱和氢氧化钠水溶液,搅拌2小时。将有机层用饱和氢氧化钠水溶液、饱和盐水洗涤后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。在室温下向残渣(700mg)、DMAP(497mg)和癸酸(701mg)的DMF(7mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(859mg)。在50℃下搅拌7小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤两次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷、乙酸乙酯/甲醇和NH,乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(405mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.93(15H,m),1.10-1.32(44H,m),1.40-1.54(3H,m),1.54-1.66(7H,m),2.21(6H,s),2.23-2.35(10H,m),4.11(8H,s)
[实施例18]4,5-二丁基壬酸3-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁基)氨甲酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯
在室温下向4,5-二丁基壬酸(5-(羟基甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯(0.50g)的四氢呋喃溶液(7.5mL)中加入1,1-羰基二咪唑(0.28g)。搅拌1小时后,将反应混合物在减压下浓缩。将残渣用己烷稀释,除去不溶物后,将滤液在减压下浓缩。在室温下向残渣中加入四氢呋喃(10mL)、(4-氨基丁基)二甲胺(0.20g)、三乙胺(0.24mL)。搅拌20小时后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用水、氯化铵水溶液、碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。向残渣中加入乙酸(3.3mL)、水(1.7mL),在65℃下搅拌5小时。冷却至室温后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用碳酸氢钠水溶液、水洗涤,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。向残渣中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(4mL)、DMAP(61mg)、1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(288mg)、辛酸(0.19mL)。在60℃搅拌3小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,依次用水、盐水洗涤后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(NH、乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(215mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.88(15H,t,J=7.09Hz)1.10-1.33(32H,m)1.40-1.62(14H,m)2.21(6H,s)2.25-2.32(8H,m)3.16(2H,m)4.10(8H,s)5.84(1H,m)
[实施例20](9Z)-十六碳-9-烯酸3-((3-丁基庚酰基)氧基)-2-(((3-丁基庚酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)丙酯
A)(9Z)-十六碳-9-烯酸(5-(((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯
在氮气气氛下,在50℃下向(5-(((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲醇(1.50g)、DMAP(0.49g)和棕榈油酸(1.01g)的DMF(15mL)溶液中加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(0.83g)。搅拌21小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤一次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后、将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(2.11g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.85-0.94(3H,m),1.01-1.10(9H,m),1.24-1.35(16H,m),1.40(6H,d,J=10.3Hz),1.52-1.61(2H,m),1.97-2.07(4H,m),2.25(2H,t,J=7.6Hz),3.66(2H,s),3.77(4H,q,J=11.8Hz),4.18(2H,s),5.35(2H,ddd,J=5.8,3.4,2.7Hz),7.36-7.47(6H,m),7.65-7.69(4H,m)
B)(9Z)-十六碳-9-烯酸3-((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-双(((3-丁基庚酰基)氧基)甲基)丙酯
在氮气气氛下向(9Z)-十六碳-9-烯酸(5-(((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)甲基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-5-基)甲酯(2.11g)中加入乙酸(10.6mL)、水(5.3mL),在75℃下搅拌8小时。冷却至室温后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液、水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去,得到残渣(1.95g)。在氮气气氛下称量残渣(0.95g),溶解于DMF(9.5mL)溶液中,然后添加DMAP(0.42g)和3-丁基庚酸(0.64g),搅拌一会儿。然后,在50℃下加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(0.69g)。搅拌6小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤一次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(0.71g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δppm 0.84-0.93(15H,m),1.05(9H,s),1.18-1.37(40H,m),1.51-1.60(2H,m),1.78(2H,brd,J=5.2Hz),1.97-2.07(4H,m),2.17-2.26(6H,m),3.63(2H,s),4.10-4.17(6H,m),5.35(2H,ddd,J=5.6,3.5,2.2Hz),7.35-7.48(6H,m),7.60-7.65(4H,m)
C)(9Z)-十六碳-9-烯酸3-((3-丁基庚酰基)氧基)-2-(((3-丁基庚酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-(((4-(二甲基氨基)丁酰基)氧基)甲基)丙酯
在室温下向(9Z)-十六碳-9-烯酸3-((叔丁基(二苯基)甲硅烷基)氧基)-2,2-双(((3-丁基庚酰基)氧基)甲基)丙酯(0.71g)的THF(2.1mL)溶液中加入TBAF的THF溶液(1M,0.9mL)。在室温下搅拌一晩后,将反应混合物在减压下浓缩。将残渣用乙酸乙酯稀释,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤一次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣溶解于DMF(5.3mL)溶液中,然后添加DMAP(0.14g)和4-(二甲基氨基)丁酸盐酸盐(0.19g),搅拌一会儿。然后,在50℃下加入1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(0.24g)。搅拌8小时后,向反应混合物中加入乙酸乙酯,用水洗涤一次、用饱和盐水洗涤一次后,用无水硫酸钠干燥后,将溶剂在减压下蒸馏除去。将残渣利用硅胶柱色谱(NH,乙酸乙酯/己烷)进行纯化,得到标题化合物(0.31g)。
1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)d ppm 0.85-0.94(15H,m),1.20-1.37(40H,m),1.55-1.66(2H,m),1.66-1.86(4H,m),1.97-2.08(4H,m),2.21(6H,s),2.22-2.39(10H,m),4.08-4.17(8H,m),5.35(2H,ddd,J=5.6,3.5,2.1Hz)
依据上述各实施例中示出的方法、或基于此的方法中的任意一种方法来制造下述表中的实施例2~7、9、11~13、15~17、19和21。对于这些实施例,将化合物的名称、结构式、1H NMR化学位移和制造时实施的质量数(表中以MS表示)与实施例1、8、10、14、18和20一起示于表1中。
[表1-1]
[表1-2]
[表1-3]
[制造例1]包封siRNA的脂质纳米粒子的制造例
将脂质混合物(阳离子性脂质∶DPPC∶胆固醇∶GS-020=60∶10.6∶28∶1.4,摩尔比)溶解于90%EtOH、10%25mM乙酸缓冲液pH4.0中,得到7.4mg/ml的脂质溶液。将荧光素酶(luc)siRNA(参考表2)溶解于25mM乙酸缓冲液pH4.0中,得到0.15mg/ml的核酸溶液。将所得到的脂质溶液和核酸溶液在室温下利用亚洲微型流体系统(Asia microfluidic system)(Syrris)以流速比1ml/分钟∶5ml/分钟进行混合,得到含有组合物的分散液。对于所得到的分散液,使用Slyde-A-Lyzer(20K的截留分子量、Thermo scientific),在室温下在水中透析1小时、在室温下在PBS中透析18小时。接着,使用0.2μm的针筒过滤器(Iwaki)进行过滤,在4℃下保存。将分析的结果示于表3中。以下,对于组合物中的脂质粒子的粒径,使用基于动态光散射测定技术的粒径测定装置Zetasizer Nano ZS(Malvern Instruments),通过自相关函数的累积量分析,以Z平均粒径来计算。
[表2]
Luc siRNA的序列
正义链 | 5′-[mC][mU][mU]A[mC]G[mC][mU]GAG[mU]A[mC][mU][mU][mC]GA[ts]t-3′ |
反义链 | 5′-UCGAAGUACUCAGCGUAAG[ts]t-3′ |
N:RNA
n:DNA
[mN]:2′-OMe RNA
[ns]:硫代磷酸酯键
[表3]
阳离子性脂质 | 平均粒径(nm) | siRNA浓度(μg/ml) | 包封率(%) |
实施例2 | 71 | 415 | 96 |
实施例3 | 81 | 445 | 96 |
实施例4 | 73 | 121 | 91 |
实施例5 | 83 | 120 | 96 |
实施例6 | 77 | 389 | 93 |
实施例7 | 73 | 376 | 97 |
[制造例2]包封mRNA的脂质纳米粒子的制造例
将脂质混合物(阳离子性脂质∶DPPC∶胆固醇∶GM-020=60∶10.6∶28∶1.4,摩尔比)溶解于90%EtOH、10%水中,得到8.5mg/ml的脂质溶液。将荧光素酶mRNA(TriLink公司)溶解于10mM 2-吗啉代乙磺酸(MES)缓冲液pH4.0中,得到0.22mg/ml的核酸溶液。将所得到的脂质溶液和核酸溶液在室温下利用Nanoassemblr装置(Precision Nanosystems公司)以流速比3ml/分钟∶6ml/分钟进行混合,得到含有组合物的分散液。对于所得到的分散液,使用Slyde-A-Lyzer(20k的截留分子量、Thermo scientific公司),在室温下在水中透析1小时、在4℃下在PBS中透析48小时。使用0.2μm的针筒过滤器(Iwaki)进行过滤,在4℃下保存。将分析的结果示于表4中。
[表4]
阳离子性脂质 | 平均粒径(nm) | mRNA浓度(μg/ml) | 包封率(%) |
实施例1 | 112 | 145 | 96 |
实施例8 | 103 | 97 | 91 |
实施例9 | 96 | 77 | 94 |
实施例10 | 123 | 83 | 96 |
实施例11 | 122 | 78 | 93 |
实施例12 | 134 | 160 | 93 |
实施例13 | 119 | 155 | 99 |
实施例14 | 88 | 134 | 94 |
实施例15 | 164 | 127 | 99 |
实施例16 | 109 | 134 | 94 |
实施例17 | 152 | 116 | 87 |
实施例18 | 77 | 103 | 99 |
[试验例1]向培养细胞中的siRNA转染试验例
将稳定表达荧光素酶的人肝癌来源细胞株Hep3B以6000个细胞/孔的细胞密度在96孔板中进行培养,24小时后,向培养基中添加含有荧光素酶siRNA的脂质粒子10μl。在从siRNA的添加起48小时后,使用Picagene LT2.0试剂盒(东洋纺)测定荧光素酶的表达降低(敲低)量。将由测定结果算出的50%敲低所需的siRNA浓度示于表5中。
[表5]
阳离子性脂质 | 50%敲低所需的siRNA浓度(nM) |
实施例2 | 14 |
实施例3 | 55 |
实施例4 | 190 |
实施例5 | 28 |
实施例6 | 41 |
实施例7 | 1.2 |
[试验例2]向培养细胞中的mRNA转染试验例
将人大肠癌来源细胞株HCT116以6000个细胞/孔的细胞密度在96孔板中进行培养,24小时后,向培养基中添加含有10ng的荧光素酶mRNA的脂质粒子10μl。在从mRNA的添加起24小时后,向HCT116的培养板中添加Picagene LT2.0试剂盒(东洋纺)的试剂,使用发光酶标仪EnVision(Perkin-Elmer),测定荧光素酶发光量(Luminescence(count per sec(cps),每秒计数))。将测定的结果示于表6~表10中。
[表6]
阳离子性脂质 | 发光量(cps)3孔的平均值 |
PBS对照 | 1040 |
实施例8 | 381693 |
[表7]
阳离子性脂质 | 发光量(cps)3孔的平均值 |
PBS对照 | 413 |
实施例9 | 63493 |
[表8]
阳离子性脂质 | 发光量(eps)3孔的平均值 |
PBS对照 | 1293 |
实施例10 | 500747 |
实施例11 | 572560 |
[表9]
阳离子性脂质 | 发光量(cps)3孔的平均值 |
PBS对照 | 80 |
实施例10 | 176813 |
实施例12 | 62587 |
实施例13 | 269467 |
[表10]
阳离子性脂质 | 发光量(cps)3孔的平均值 |
PBS对照 | 293 |
实施例1 | 110733 |
实施例10 | 112893 |
实施例14 | 178133 |
实施例15 | 3293 |
实施例16 | 141560 |
实施例17 | 7987 |
实施例18 | 12813 |
[制造例3]包封siRNA的脂质纳米粒子的制造例
将脂质混合物(阳离子性脂质∶DPPC∶胆固醇∶GS-020=60∶10.6∶28∶1.4,摩尔比)溶解于90%EtOH、10%25mM乙酸缓冲液pH4.0中,得到7.4mg/ml的脂质溶液。将针对胶原蛋白1a1(Col1a1)的siRNA、和针对因子VII(FVII)的siRNA各自等重量地溶解于25mM乙酸缓冲液pH4.0中,得到0.15mg/ml的核酸溶液。需要说明的是,Col1a1siRNA和FVIIsiRNA的序列分别引用自Hepatology,Vol.672,No.4,2015和Silence,Vol.1,No.16,2010。将各siRNA序列使用表11中。将所得到的脂质溶液和核酸溶液利用微型流路混合装置Nanoassemblr(Precision NanosystemsInc)以流速比1ml/分钟∶5ml/分钟进行混合,得到含有组合物的分散液。对于所得到的分散液,使用Slyde-A-Lyzer(20K的截留分子量、Thermoscientific),在室温下在水中透析1小时、在室温下在PBS中透析18小时。接着,使用0.2μm的针筒过滤器(Iwaki)进行过滤,在4℃下保存。将包封siRNA的脂质纳米粒子的分析结果示于表12中。使用本发明化合物的包封siRNA的脂质纳米粒子的形成非常良好。
[表11]
Col1a1 siRNA的序列
正义链 | 5′-G[mU][mc][mU]AGA[mc]A[mU]G[mU][mU][mC]AG[mC][mU][mU][ts]t-3′ |
反义链 | 5′-AAGCUGAA[mc]AUGUC[mU]AGAC[ts]t-3′ |
FVII siRNA的序列
正义链 | 5′-GGA[fU][fC]A[fU][fC][fU][fC]AAG[fU][fC][fU][fU]A[fC][ts]t-3′ |
反义链 | 5′-G[fU]AAGA[fC][fU][fU]GAGA[fU]GA[fU][fC][fC][ts]t-3′ |
N:RNA
n:DNA
[mN]:2′-OMe RNA
[ns]:硫代磷酸酯键
[fN];2′-F RNA
[表12]
包封siRNA的脂质纳米粒子的分析结果
[试验例3]CCl4肝纤维化模型小鼠中的肝胶原蛋白1a1基因敲低试验例
对于8周龄雄性Balb/c小鼠眼窝静脉丛内给药包封有0.1mg/kg的Col1a1siRNA的脂质纳米粒子,在3小时后将混合在玉米油中的CCl4以0.1mL/kg(10mL/kg)的用量进行单次强制经口给药(各组n=6)。在包封siRNA的脂质纳米粒子的给药4天后,从在麻醉下安乐死的小鼠采集肝,通过定量PCR进行基因表达分析。Col1a1基因表达量和FVII基因表达量利用GAPDH的表达量进行标准化,将相对于siRNA非给药组的Col1a1基因表达降低量作为敲低率。将所得到的结果示于表13中。在静脉给药了使用本发明化合物形成的包封siRNA的脂质纳米粒子的小鼠中,与作为肝实质细胞的标志基因的FVII的敲低率相比,明显观察到作为活化星形细胞的标志基因的Col1a1基因的敲低。
[表13]
Cl4肝纤维化模型小鼠中的肝Col1a1基因和FVII基因的敲低试验结果
产业上的可利用性
本发明的化合物、脂质粒子或组合物能够高效地将核酸导入到各种细胞、组织或脏器中。因此,本发明的化合物、脂质粒子或组合物可以作为核酸药物中的DDS技术利用。另外,本发明的化合物、脂质粒子或组合物还可以作为研究用核酸导入试剂利用。
序列表自由文本
序列号1和2:制造例2中使用的、用于抑制荧光素酶基因的表达的siRNA(正义链和反义链,参考表2)。
序列号3和4:制造例3中使用的、用于抑制胶原蛋白1A1基因的表达的siRNA(正义链和反义链,参考表11)。
序列号5和6:制造例3中使用的、用于抑制第VII因子基因的表达的siRNA(正义链和反义链,参考表11)。
序列表
<110> 武田药品工业株式会社(TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LIMITED)
<120> 阳离子性脂质(Cationic Lipid)
<130> PT38-9035WO
<150> JP2018-151583
<151> 2018-08-10
<160> 6
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<220>
<223> Luc siRNA (正义)
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (1)..(21)
<223> 此序列同时包含RNA和DNA碱基,其中一些是经修饰的碱基。"t"表示2'-脱氧胸苷。
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (1)..(1)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (3)..(3)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (5)..(5)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (7)..(7)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (8)..(8)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (12)..(12)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (16)..(16)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (20)..(21)
<223> 核苷(t和t)与硫代磷酸酯键合。
<400> 1
cuuacgcuga guacuucgat t 21
<210> 2
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> Luc siRNA (反义)
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (1)..(21)
<223> 此序列同时包含RNA和DNA碱基,其中一些是经修饰的碱基。"t"表示2'-脱氧胸苷。
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (41)..(42)
<223> 核苷(n和n)与硫代磷酸酯键合。
<400> 2
ucgaaguacu gagcguaagt t 21
<210> 3
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> Col1a1 siRNA (正义)
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (1)..(21)
<223> 此序列同时包含RNA和DNA碱基,其中一些是经修饰的碱基。"t"表示2'-脱氧胸苷。
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (3)..(3)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (4)..(4)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (8)..(8)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (10)..(10)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (12)..(12)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (13)..(13)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (18)..(18)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (19)..(19)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (20)..(21)
<223> 核苷(t和t)与硫代磷酸酯键合。
<400> 3
gucuagacau guucagcuut t 21
<210> 4
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> Col1a1 siRNA (反义)
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (1)..(21)
<223> 此序列同时包含RNA和DNA碱基,其中一些是经修饰的碱基。"t"表示2'-脱氧胸苷。
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (9)..(9)
<223> "c"表示2'-O-甲基胞苷(cm)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> "u"表示2'-O-甲基尿苷(um)
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (20)..(21)
<223> 核苷(t和t)与硫代磷酸酯键合。
<400> 4
aagcugaaca ugucuagact t 21
<210> 5
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 因子VII siRNA (正义)
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (1)..(21)
<223> 此序列同时包含RNA和DNA碱基,其中一些是经修饰的碱基。"t"表示2'-脱氧胸苷。
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (4)..(4)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (5)..(5)
<223> "c"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟胞苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (7)..(7)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (8)..(8)
<223> "c"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟胞苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (9)..(9)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (10)..(10)
<223> "c"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟胞苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (15)..(15)
<223> "c"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟胞苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (16)..(16)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (19)..(19)
<223> "c"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟胞苷
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (20)..(21)
<223> 核苷(t和t)与硫代磷酸酯键合。
<400> 5
ggaucaucuc aagucuuact t 21
<210> 6
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 因子VII siRNA (反义)
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (1)..(21)
<223> 此序列同时包含RNA和DNA碱基,其中一些是经修饰的碱基。"t"表示2'-脱氧胸苷。
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (2)..(2)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (7)..(7)
<223> "c"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟胞苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (8)..(8)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (9)..(9)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (14)..(14)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (17)..(17)
<223> "u"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟尿苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (18)..(18)
<223> "c"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟胞苷
<220>
<221> modified_base
<222> (19)..(19)
<223> "c"表示2'-脱氧-2'-氟胞苷
<220>
<221> misc_feature
<222> (20)..(21)
<223> 核苷(t和t)与硫代磷酸酯键合。
<400> 6
guaagacuug agaugaucct t 21
Claims (10)
1.式(I)所表示的化合物或其盐,
式(I)中,
n1表示2~6的整数,n2表示0~2的整数,n3表示0~2的整数,
L表示-C(O)O-或-NHC(O)O-,
Ra表示直链状C5-13烷基,
Rb表示直链状C2-9烷基,
Rc表示氢原子或直链状C2-9烷基,
Rd表示氢原子或直链状C2-9烷基,
Re表示直链状C2-9烷基,
Rf表示直链状C2-9烷基。
2.4,5-二丁基壬酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯或其盐。
3.二癸酸2-(((4,5-二丁基壬酰基)氧基)甲基)-2-(((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)甲基)丙烷-1,3-二基酯或其盐。
4.4,5-二丁基壬酸3-((6-(二甲基氨基)己酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯或其盐。
5.4,5-二戊基癸酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯或其盐。
6.4-庚基十一酸3-((5-(二甲基氨基)戊酰基)氧基)-2,2-双((辛酰氧基)甲基)丙酯或其盐。
7.一种脂质粒子,其含有权利要求1所述的化合物或其盐。
8.一种核酸导入用组合物,其含有核酸和权利要求7所述的脂质粒子。
9.如权利要求8所述的组合物,其中,核酸为RNA。
10.如权利要求9所述的组合物,其中,RNA为mRNA或siRNA。
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