CN112522510A - 一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法 - Google Patents

一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法 Download PDF

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CN112522510A
CN112522510A CN202011026125.3A CN202011026125A CN112522510A CN 112522510 A CN112522510 A CN 112522510A CN 202011026125 A CN202011026125 A CN 202011026125A CN 112522510 A CN112522510 A CN 112522510A
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lead
solid metal
filtrate
metal carbonate
recycling
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尹邦友
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/006—Wet processes
    • C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D5/00—Sulfates or sulfites of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
    • C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
    • C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
    • C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
    • C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法，具体步骤如下：A、利用粉碎机将废旧铅酸蓄电池进行破碎；B、将破碎后的物料中加入还原剂硫酸铁、稀硫酸，并进行搅拌；C、对反应后的物料进行过滤，得到固体金属硫化物，滤液循环使用；D、排出滤液，再加入脱硫剂碳酸钠，脱硫反应2‑3小时，反应结束后进行固液分离，得到固体碳酸金属物；滤液经过结晶去杂质处理后生成硫酸钠回收利用；E、将固体碳酸金属物压力过滤器内进行洗涤、挤压；F、将干燥的固体碳酸金属物投入熔炼炉中并加入还原剂铁粉和还原剂炭，本发明将回收过程中产生的滤液和气体，经过回收处理进行循环利用，减少了能源消耗，并且减少了浪费和废液的排放，避免了再次产生污染。

Description

一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法
技术领域
本发明涉及铅酸蓄电池领域，具体涉及一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法。
背景技术
蓄电池内部主要由铜连接头、铅连接头、栅板和铅膏组成，其中，铜连接头、铅连接头、栅板都是用高纯度铜和铅制成，铅膏则是用铅基合金制成，铅膏中含有锑、钙、铋等合金成分。目前，普遍采用的铅酸蓄电池回收、处置手段似乎对于铅金属污染的防止并未起到根本的作用，铅金属污染环境，有损身体健康。我国大部分的再生铅冶炼厂家对于铅酸电池熔炼工艺，其生产规模、技术工艺及加工设备对铅的再生率较低、对环境污染比较严重。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有铅酸蓄电池回收过程中存在能源浪费，易污染环境等不足，提供一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法。
本发明解决的技术问题通过以下技术方案实现：一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法，具体步骤如下：
A、利用粉碎机将废旧铅酸蓄电池进行破碎；
B、将破碎后的物料中加入还原剂硫酸铁、稀硫酸，并进行搅拌；
C、对反应后的物料进行过滤，得到固体金属硫化物，滤液循环使用；
D、排出滤液，再加入脱硫剂碳酸钠，脱硫反应2-3小时，反应结束后进行固液分离，得到固体碳酸金属物；滤液经过结晶去杂质处理后生成硫酸钠回收利用；
E、将固体碳酸金属物压力过滤器内进行洗涤、挤压，得到干燥的固体碳酸金属物；
F、将干燥的固体碳酸金属物投入熔炼炉中并加入还原剂铁粉和还原剂炭，在1000℃条件下还原2-3小时，将固体碳酸金属物中的碳酸铅还原为铅液，将熔炼后的铅液输送至精炼炉得到精铅，产生的二氧化碳气体通入氢氧化钠液中，生成碳酸钠循环利用。
采用上述技术方案的有益效果是：本发明将回收过程中产生的滤液和气体，经过回收处理进行循环利用，减少了能源消耗，并且减少了浪费和废液的排放，避免了再次产生污染。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解释说明。
一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法，具体步骤如下：
A、利用粉碎机将废旧铅酸蓄电池进行破碎；
B、将破碎后的物料中加入还原剂硫酸铁、稀硫酸，并进行搅拌；
C、对反应后的物料进行过滤，得到固体金属硫化物，滤液循环使用；
D、排出滤液，再加入脱硫剂碳酸钠，脱硫反应2-3小时，反应结束后进行固液分离，得到固体碳酸金属物；滤液经过结晶去杂质处理后生成硫酸钠回收利用；
E、将固体碳酸金属物压力过滤器内进行洗涤、挤压，得到干燥的固体碳酸金属物；
F、将干燥的固体碳酸金属物投入熔炼炉中并加入还原剂铁粉和还原剂炭，在1000℃条件下还原2-3小时，将固体碳酸金属物中的碳酸铅还原为铅液，将熔炼后的铅液输送至精炼炉得到精铅，产生的二氧化碳气体通入氢氧化钠液中，生成碳酸钠循环利用。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限与此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下：
A、利用粉碎机将废旧铅酸蓄电池进行破碎；
B、将破碎后的物料中加入还原剂硫酸铁、稀硫酸，并进行搅拌；
C、对反应后的物料进行过滤，得到固体金属硫化物，滤液循环使用；
D、排出滤液，再加入脱硫剂碳酸钠，脱硫反应2-3小时，反应结束后进行固液分离，得到固体碳酸金属物；滤液经过结晶去杂质处理后生成硫酸钠回收利用；
E、将固体碳酸金属物压力过滤器内进行洗涤、挤压，得到干燥的固体碳酸金属物；
F、将干燥的固体碳酸金属物投入熔炼炉中并加入还原剂铁粉和还原剂炭，在1000℃条件下还原2-3小时，将固体碳酸金属物中的碳酸铅还原为铅液，将熔炼后的铅液输送至精炼炉得到精铅，产生的二氧化碳气体通入氢氧化钠液中，生成碳酸钠循环利用。
CN202011026125.3A 2020-09-25 2020-09-25 一种铅酸蓄电池回收方法 Withdrawn CN112522510A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20210319