CN112521601B - 一类可降解的共价交联聚合物及其制备工艺和应用 - Google Patents

一类可降解的共价交联聚合物及其制备工艺和应用 Download PDF

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CN112521601B
CN112521601B CN202011334593.7A CN202011334593A CN112521601B CN 112521601 B CN112521601 B CN 112521601B CN 202011334593 A CN202011334593 A CN 202011334593A CN 112521601 B CN112521601 B CN 112521601B
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孙晓龙
梁天宇
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一类可降解的共价交联聚合物及其制备工艺和应用,属于有机化学和环境科学及其应用领域。本发明利用环己二酮上的二甲硫醚键与不同端氨基化合物在温和条件下共价交联制备成聚合物材料。通过核磁共振、凝胶渗透色谱、拉曼光谱等表征相应聚合物结构特征,通过热力学分析、拉伸仪等研究聚合物材料性能。聚合物具备高分子量、可加工成型、高机械性能等优良特性。这些聚合物包含线型聚合物、热固性聚合物。同时聚合物可大量制备,部分原料廉价易得,并且所有聚合物在乙二胺溶液中可以降解回收,是一种十分环保的聚合材料加工回收的制备方法。

Description

一类可降解的共价交联聚合物及其制备工艺和应用
技术领域
本发明属于有机化学和环境科学及其应用领域,涉及基于动态共价健理论的聚合物的制备方法及性能表征,具体涉及一类可降解的共价交联聚合物及其制备工艺和应用。
背景技术
塑料已成为人类生活必不可少的高分子材料,生活中常用的塑料大多通过化学原料聚合合成(如聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等),其中热固性塑料的共价交联聚合物结构赋予了材料优异的力学性能和尺寸稳定性,但也使其难以再加工及循环利用。废弃的热固性塑料造成了严重的资源浪费和环境污染。
动态共价键是一类在一定条件下可以发生可逆反应的重要化学键,随着动态共价键在自修复、重加工和塑性性能等领域的发展,越来越多的研究开始关注动态共价交联聚合物。这类聚合物不仅具有热固性聚合物稳定的共价交联网络而且具有热塑性聚合物的重加工性能。
目前报道的动态可逆化学反应种类繁多,主要包括酯交换反应、硅氧烷平衡反应、狄尔斯-阿尔德反应、亚胺键和酰腙键可逆反应、烯烃复分解反应和自由基加成-断裂-链转移反应等。但是,大多数动态共价反应制备阶段,需要溶剂、催化剂或者要求苛刻的条件,造成制备成本高、难回收等问题,这些问题限制了动态可逆化学反应的发展。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一类可降解的共价交联聚合物及其制备工艺和应用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明公开的一类可降解的共价交联聚合物的制备工艺,该可降解的共价交联聚合物由含二甲基硫的单体化合物与氨基化合物在无溶剂条件下通过球磨反应制得;
所述含二甲基硫的单体化合物结构如下:
Figure BDA0002796815130000021
所述氨基化合物结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002796815130000022
所述可降解的共价交联聚合物结构如下:
Figure BDA0002796815130000023
其中,EWG为吸电子基团,R为脂肪或芳香基团,n=循环数目,n≥2。
优选地,当氨基化合物选择1,4-苯二甲胺或1,2-双(2-氨基乙氧基)乙烷时:1,4-苯二甲胺或1,2-双(2-氨基乙氧基)乙烷与含二甲基硫的单体化合物与的反应摩尔比为1:1。
优选地,当氨基化合物选择三(2-氨基乙基)胺时:含二甲基硫的单体化合物与三(2-氨基乙基)胺的反应摩尔比为3:2。
优选地,球磨反应在球磨机中,室温下进行,反应时间为10~60分钟。
优选地,所述含二甲基硫的单体化合物选自下述结构之一:
Figure BDA0002796815130000031
本发明还公开了采用上述的制备工艺制得的可降解的共价交联聚合物,可降解的共价交联聚合物结构如下:
Figure BDA0002796815130000032
其中,EWG为吸电子基团,R为脂肪或芳香基团,n=循环数目,n≥2。
优选地,该可降解的共价交联聚合物为下述结构之一:
Figure BDA0002796815130000033
本发明还公开了上述的可降解的共价交联聚合物作为可降解材料的应用。
优选地,所述可降解的共价交联聚合物能够在乙二胺溶液中降解。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明公开的可降解的共价交联聚合物的制备工艺,通过动态共价交联理论开发新型性能优异可降解回收的高分子聚合物,优点在于原料廉价易得,制备简单;选择含二甲基硫的单体化合物与氨基化合物在无溶剂条件下通过球磨机反应得到,环己二酮上的二甲硫醚键与不同端氨基化合物在温和条件下共价交联制备成聚合物材料,明显改善了聚合物材料的热稳定性。
经本发明上述工艺制备得到的共价交联聚合物包含线型聚合物、热固性聚合物,本发明通过核磁共振、凝胶渗透色谱、拉曼光谱等表征相应聚合物结构特征,通过热力学分析、拉伸仪等研究聚合物材料性能,发现制备得到的聚合物具备高分子量、可加工成型、高机械性能等优良特性。
本申请上述工艺制得的共价交联聚合物在乙二胺溶液中可以降解回收,是一种十分环保的聚合材料,因此能够作为降解材料被广泛应用。在聚合物降解实验中,通过将聚合物注塑成型的模具加入到乙二胺溶液中,24h内完全降解,并回收加以利用。
附图说明
图1为聚合物1的核磁共振氢谱。
图2为聚合物2的核磁共振氢谱。
图3为聚合物1和2的凝胶渗透色谱。
图4为五种单体分别与对应的聚合物3-7的固体核磁对比叠加图。
图5为五种单体分别与三(2-氨基乙基)胺在无溶剂条件下通过球磨机反应及注塑成型模具;
图6为聚合物3-7的热重分析;
图7为聚合物3-7的差示扫描量热分析。
图8为聚合物3-7在乙二胺溶液中降解图。
图9为聚合物1和2在乙二胺降解后的核磁氢谱图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换,以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述:
实现本发明目的所采用的技术解决方案为:七种聚合物分别由五种含二甲基硫的单体与1,4-苯二甲胺、1,2-双(2-氨基乙氧基)乙烷、三(2-氨基乙基)胺在无溶剂条件下通过球磨机反应,制备成性能优异可降解回收的材料。
1.单体结构通式
Figure BDA0002796815130000061
2.单体与氨基化合物反应通式
Figure BDA0002796815130000062
3.聚合反应通式
Figure BDA0002796815130000063
4.聚合物降解通式
Figure BDA0002796815130000064
可降解的共价交联聚合物的制备工艺的步骤为:
(1)五种单体制备:
单体1合成,将2,2-二-1,3-二氧杂环己烷-4,6-二酮溶于DMSO中,依次加入三乙胺,二硫化碳室温反应1h,再缓慢加入碘甲烷继续室温反应18h;
单体2合成,将5,5-二甲基-1,3-环已二酮与碳酸钾溶于DMF中,加入二硫化碳室温反应2h,在冰浴下缓慢加入碘甲烷,逐渐升温至室温继续反应18h;
单体3合成,将1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸溶于DMSO中,依次加入三乙胺,二硫化碳室温反应1h,在冰浴下缓慢加入碘甲烷,逐渐升温至室温继续反应5h;
单体4合成,将1,3-氢化茚二酮和氢化钠溶于DMF中,加入二硫化碳室温反应1h,在冰浴下缓慢加入碘甲烷,逐渐升温至室温继续反应18h;
单体5市售,可直接购买。
五种单体化合物的结构式为:
Figure BDA0002796815130000071
(2)七种聚合物的制备:
实施例1
以上述得到的五种单体为原料,称取单体1g单体1分别与1,4-苯二甲胺(495mg)、1,2-双(2-氨基乙氧基)乙烷(540mg),在无溶剂条件下通过球磨机反应,反应时间为60min,温度25℃转速600r/min,在冰冻的甲醇和乙醚中沉降得到高分子聚合物1和2。结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002796815130000081
实施例2
以上述得到的五种单体为原料,各称取10g单体(单体1,2,3,4和5)分别与三(2-氨基乙基)胺(4.19mL,4.26mL,4.00mL,4.16mL和6.11mL)在无溶剂条件下通过球磨机反应,反应时间为60min,温度25℃转速600r/min,无需纯化得到高分子聚合物3-7。结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002796815130000082
图1和图2的核磁共振氢谱显示氢谱峰归属,通过峰积分得到聚合物1和2的绝对分子量在5000和3000道尔顿。图3为凝胶渗透色谱,得到聚合物1和2的相对分子量分别为5300g mol-1和3700g mol-1。图4为五种单体分别与对应的五种聚合物的固体核磁对比叠加图,图中单体及聚合物的碳谱峰均有归属,并且通过化学交联后与单体对比,聚合物的所有碳的特征峰有明显移动,碳峰面积也增大。证明单体与三(2-氨基乙基)胺发生了明显的共价聚合。
图5为五种单体分别与三(2-氨基乙基)胺在无溶剂条件下通过球磨机反应图及注塑成型的模具展示。
图6为五种聚合物的热重分析,从图中可以看出,五种聚合物的热分解温度达到了250℃,其中聚合物4,5,6和7的热分解温度在350℃以上,具有优异的热稳定性。
图7为聚合物3-7的差示扫描量热分析,从图中可以看出,聚合物3-7的玻璃化转变温度达到了80℃以上。
图8为聚合物3-7在乙二胺溶液中降解图,从图中可以看出,将五种聚合物模具加入到乙二胺溶液中,24h,完全降解。
图9为聚合物1和2在乙二胺溶液中降解之后的核磁共振氢谱,从图中可以看出降解之后的单体产物氢谱峰都有归属。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明权利要求书的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一类可降解的共价交联聚合物的制备工艺,其特征在于,该可降解的共价交联聚合物由含二甲基硫的单体化合物与氨基化合物在无溶剂条件下通过球磨反应制得;
所述含二甲基硫的单体化合物结构如下:
Figure FDA0002796815120000011
所述氨基化合物结构式如下:
Figure FDA0002796815120000012
所述可降解的共价交联聚合物结构如下:
Figure FDA0002796815120000013
其中,EWG为吸电子基团,R为脂肪或芳香基团,n=循环数目,n≥2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一类可降解的共价交联聚合物的制备工艺,其特征在于,当氨基化合物选择1,4-苯二甲胺或1,2-双(2-氨基乙氧基)乙烷时:1,4-苯二甲胺或1,2-双(2-氨基乙氧基)乙烷与含二甲基硫的单体化合物与的反应摩尔比为1:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一类可降解的共价交联聚合物的制备工艺,其特征在于,当氨基化合物选择三(2-氨基乙基)胺时:含二甲基硫的单体化合物与三(2-氨基乙基)胺的反应摩尔比为3:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一类可降解的共价交联聚合物的制备工艺,其特征在于,球磨反应在球磨机中,室温下进行,反应时间为10~60分钟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一类可降解的共价交联聚合物的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述含二甲基硫的单体化合物选自下述结构之一:
Figure FDA0002796815120000021
6.采用权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的制备工艺制得的可降解的共价交联聚合物,其特征在于,可降解的共价交联聚合物结构如下:
Figure FDA0002796815120000022
其中,EWG为吸电子基团,R为脂肪或芳香基团,n=循环数目,n≥2。
7.根据权利要求6所述的可降解的共价交联聚合物,其特征在于,该可降解的共价交联聚合物为下述结构之一:
Figure FDA0002796815120000023
Figure FDA0002796815120000031
8.权利要求6或7所述的可降解的共价交联聚合物作为可降解材料的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述可降解的共价交联聚合物能够在乙二胺溶液中降解。
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