CN112521432A - 一类星状棘蛋白靶向的抗呼吸道感染病毒的双功能化合物及其盐类的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一类星状棘蛋白靶向的抗呼吸道感染病毒的双功能化合物及其盐类的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及药物设计和药物化学领域,更具体地,涉及一类星状棘蛋白靶向的抗呼吸道病毒感染的双功能化合物及其盐类的制备方法和应用。本发明提供一种新的具有显著抗新冠病毒的棘蛋白靶向且具有一定广谱性的星状化合物。此类分子及其盐类具有至少一个R(X)n基本单元,其与含棘蛋白的病毒或表面有棘蛋白的病毒在正位结合位点,如RBD域或者别构位点结合,从而阻止冠状病毒或者表面表达棘蛋白的其它病毒入侵宿主细胞,阻止病毒感染的发生。并且此类分子及其盐类与人体内维生素K依赖性蛋白相互作用,抑制维生素K的表达而抑制人体内的血液凝聚,从而治疗冠状病毒导致的血管栓塞,产生对重症病毒感染引起的肺炎的疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物设计和药物化学领域,更具体地,涉及一类星状棘蛋白靶向的抗呼吸道病毒感染的双功能化合物及其盐类的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
新冠肺炎(COVID-19)已经成为全球性健康挑战,由于是新发现的病毒,还没有特效药物或疫苗被批准用于治疗。目前,很多努力都集中在从老药中筛选针对病毒生命周期的关键酶的抑制剂。虽然给予老药新用特殊通道,目前发表的临床试验结果有待观察。
当前主流抗病毒药物研究的主要思路是:获取与病毒复制有关的靶分子(主要是蛋白质),设计或筛选它们的抑制剂,厘清受体与配体分子的作用模式,就能找到特效药。现代技术使我们能很快获得药物靶标的结构数据,药物再利用策略也能缩短遴选候选药物的时间。在小分子药物研究领域,大部分药学家都在寻找针对新冠病毒的靶向特异性药物,主要靶标有针对病原的:棘蛋白(S蛋白)、E蛋白(包膜蛋白)、M膜蛋白、N核衣壳蛋白,以及与病毒复制有关的各种酶;也有针对宿主的靶标如ACE2。然而,野生动物携带近50万种可能感染人的病毒,不可能对每一种病毒都开发特异性靶向药物。病毒疫情的爆发性以及病毒的高变异性,使得简单的靶向药物难以及时响应疫情防治的需求,因为很容易因为RNA病毒的快速变异而失效。除了开发周期较长之外,简单靶向抗病毒药物的主要问题是:
(1)由于病毒快速变异而产生抗药性,
(2)感染后期的重症病人因炎症风暴或血管栓塞而危及生命,此时特异性抗病毒药物往往没有疗效。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种新的具有显著抗新冠病毒的棘蛋白靶向且具有一定广谱性的化合物。本发明提供的化合物及其盐类与含棘蛋白的引起呼吸道感染的病毒颗粒表面的棘蛋白在正位和别构位点上结合,造成病毒颗粒表面的棘蛋白不能与宿主细胞的受体蛋白(如,血管紧张素转换酶2,或神经氨酸酶)结合,从而导致病毒不能感染人类。
为此,本发明一方面提供一种化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药。根据本发明的实施例,所述化合物具有至少一个下列基本单元:
R(X)n,
其中,
R为单糖或其衍生物、芳香环,所述单糖或其衍生物和芳香环中的至少之一任选被至少一个选自氨基和羧基的取代基取代,
n表示1~6的整数,
每个X均与R的骨架原子相连,
每个X可以相同或者不同,并且分别独立地具有下列结构:
~QC(O)-R’((X’)m)
其中,
R’表示任选取代的六员芳环、香豆素、异香豆素、黄酮、异黄酮和氨糖,
m表示1~3的整数,
每个X’相同或者不同并且分别独立地与R’的环原子相连,
X’表示QH或QC(O)R”;
Q表示-O-、-N-、-SO2-;
R”表示单糖基。
本发明的发明人根据冠状病毒(如SARS、MERS,SARS-CoV-2等)和流感病毒在病毒-宿主细胞膜融合方面具有共同的机制的特点,即通过其表面的棘蛋白与宿主细胞表面的ACE2酶或神经氨酸酶结合而感染宿主细胞。提出解决靶向抗病毒药物产生抗药性等问题的新方法:
1)以棘蛋白靶标结构为基础,设计和筛选与棘蛋白的正位和别构位点结合的小分子,从而兼具靶向性和抗冠状病毒广谱性的优点;
2)为了治疗新冠病毒引发的新冠肺炎,寻求既能抑制棘蛋白靶标又能阻止血栓形成的抗凝血小分子。
经过in silico,in vitro,in vivo的实验证实,发明人创造性的发现了具有上述双功能的星状小分子。该星状小分子化合物具有至少一个前述的基本单元。此类分子及其盐类与含棘蛋白的病毒或表面有棘蛋白的病毒在正位结合位点,如RBD域或者别构位点结合,从而阻止冠状病毒或者表面表达棘蛋白的其它病毒入侵宿主细胞,阻止病毒感染的发生。并且此类分子及其盐类与人体内维生素K依赖性蛋白相互作用,抑制维生素K的表达而抑制人体内的血液凝聚,从而治疗冠状病毒导致的血管栓塞,产生对重症病毒感染引起的肺炎的疗效。
根据本发明的实施例,当X’表示QC(O)R”时,所述化合物含有多个所述基本单元,其中,相邻两个所述基本单元之一通过X’中的QC(O)与另一所述基本单元中的R的骨架的碳或氧原子相连,所述化合物中所述基本单元的递归层次不超过2。
根据本发明的实施例,当X’表示QC(O)R”时,R”表示单糖基,所述化合物含有多个所述基本单元,其中,相邻两个所述基本单元之一通过X’中的单糖基与另一所述基本单元中的R的碳原子或原子相连,所述化合物中所述基本单元的递归层次不超过2。
本发明发明人创造性的设计一类星状分子(包含多个所述基本单元)及其盐类,以含棘蛋白的引起肺部感染的病毒(如冠状病毒和流感病毒)为对象,以棘蛋白为靶标。该类棘蛋白入侵宿主细胞。采用分子动力学模拟方法,筛选能与棘蛋白正位或别构位点进行多点对接、介导棘蛋白形成同源或异源k-聚合体(k>1)的类天然产物的星状分子。通过化学合成制备获得小分子库,每种分子经历了100纳秒时程的分子动力学模拟实验,遴选出苗头化合物。这些苗头化合物经过细胞水平的实验验证,荧光探针表明这类分子及其盐类的确阻止了病毒颗粒对宿主细胞的入侵。这些化合物及其盐类在体内的代谢物进一步抑制维生素K的表达水平,从而治疗此类病毒入侵肺部宿主细胞而导致的血管栓塞。
根据本发明的实施例,R为单糖或其衍生物、芳香环,所述单糖或其衍生物或芳香环任选被至少一个选自氨基和羧基的取代基取代;
R’表示任选取代的六员芳环、香豆素、黄酮、异黄酮,
Q表示-O-、-N-。
根据本发明的实施例,所述单糖或其衍生物选自葡萄糖、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸胺,所述芳香环选自C4-C20的芳香环。
根据本发明的实施例,所述芳香环选自苯基、色原酮、异黄酮。
根据本发明的实施例,R’表示任选取代的六员芳环、香豆素、黄酮,
Q表示-O-。
根据本发明的实施例,所述化合物中具有的基本单元选自如下结构之一:
化合物1:当R为苯基,n等于2,X基团在对位;在X基中,Q为O,R’中,m等于3,X’基在间、对位,X’为羟基。
化合物2:R为葡萄糖酸胺骨架,n等于3,X基在葡萄糖酸胺骨架2、3、4位;在X基中,Q为O,R’中,m等于3,X’基在间、对位,X’为羟基。
化合物3:R为色原酮,n等于3,X基在色原酮的5、6、8位;在X基中,Q为O,R’中,m等于3,X’基在间、对位,X’为羟基。
化合物4:R为异黄酮,n等于4,X基在异黄酮的5、6、8,4’位;在X基中,Q为O,R’中,m等于3,X’基在间、对位,X’为羟基。
化合物5:化合物1的二价钙盐。
化合物6:R为葡萄糖酸骨架,n等于3,X基在葡萄糖酸胺骨架2、3、4位;在X基中,Q为O,R’中,m等于3,X’基在间、对位,X’为羟基;化合物羧基与锌形成盐。
化合物7:是化合物6的代谢物。化合物7中,R为3-脱氧葡萄糖酸骨架,n等于2,X基在3-脱氧葡萄糖酸骨架2、4位;在X基中,Q为O,R’中,m等于3,X’基在间、对位,X’为羟基;化合物羧基与钠形成盐。
本发明第二方面提供一种药物组合物。根据本发明的实施例,所述药物组合物包含第一方面所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药。
本发明提供的药物组合物能够用于治疗或者预防病毒感染宿主细胞引起的疾病,所述病毒为表面具有棘蛋白的病毒,同时本发明的药物组合物能够抑制维生素K的升高;和抑制肺部血管栓塞。
根据本发明的实施例,所述药物组合物的剂型选自散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、注射剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂,优选为喷鼻剂。
本发明第三方面提供第一方面所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于下列的至少之一:
治疗或者预防病毒感染宿主细胞引起的疾病,优选地,所述病毒为表面具有棘蛋白的病毒;
抑制维生素K的升高;和
抑制肺部血管栓塞。
根据本发明的实施例,所述病毒包括冠状病毒和流感病毒。
根据本发明的实施例,所述冠状病毒包括SARS、MERS、SARS-CoV-2。
根据本发明的实施例,所述疾病包括新冠肺炎、甲型流感、乙型流感。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种对新冠肺炎具有治疗作用的化合物。
本发明的目的之三在于提供所述双功能化合物及其盐类的制备方法。
所述双功能化合物是指所述化合物阻止病毒颗粒对宿主细胞的入侵,并且这些化合物及其盐类在体内的代谢物进一步抑制维生素K的表达水平,从而治疗此类病毒入侵肺部宿主细胞而导致的血管栓塞。
与现有技术相比,本发明技术先进性概述如下:
1、本发明的先导化合物(星状分子)是病原体靶向药物(靶标为棘蛋白),有很好的病原特异性;又因为它不仅与棘蛋白的RBD域结合,还与棘蛋白的多位点结合,因此具有广谱抗冠状病毒和流感病毒的活性,这是其它抗病毒药物难以具备的特色;
2、本发明的先导化合物在完成抗病毒使命后,在体内代谢成香豆素类(华法林类似物)抗凝血天然产物,因此,对重症新冠肺炎有治疗作用;很多抗病毒化合物只有预防作用;而本发明提供的的化合物兼备两种用途;
3、本发明的先导化合物根据棘蛋白结构特色设计的分子,通过基于超级计算的分子动力学模拟技术进行虚拟筛选,最后通过生物实验验证确定;
4、本发明提供的活性最佳的先导化合物源自天然产物的“老药新用途”,历史上,它与活性炭和氧化镁一起用作“万能解毒剂”,可以口服和外用治疗冷疮和发热水泡、尿布疹、痱子、喉咙痛、扁桃体肿痛、皮疹、慢性腹泻、痢疾、血尿、关节痛、持续咳嗽和癌症,在食品和饮料中也被用作调味剂;因此,具有很高的临床安全性。
5、本发明的先导化合物广泛分布于药用植物,资源丰沛,易于通过化学合成修饰对活性,进一步提高成药性。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:
图1~6显示了本发明提供的一些实施方案中合成化合物1-6的制备路线图;
图7显示了三种不同病毒滴度下的化合物4与6抑制病毒感染宿主细胞的活性,其中,在每个病毒滴度下,柱状图自左至右分别表示DMSO、化合物4 10μL、化合物4 20μL、化合物5 10μL、化合物5 20μL处理后,感染细胞的百分数;
图8显示了三种不同病毒滴度下的化合物4与6抑制病毒感染宿主细胞的透射电镜实验结果。实验细胞:A549;病毒感染时间:48h;病毒滴度:10^9TU/mL;铺板细胞数:5*10^4/孔;病毒量:MOI=20(1*10^6TU);
图9显示了三种不同病毒滴度下的化合物4与6抑制病毒感染宿主细胞的病毒在宿主细胞内荧光强度变化;
图10显示了化合物6的代谢物抗凝血活性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的简单修改或替换,均属于本发明的范围;若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
术语
术语“包含”为开放式表达,即包括本发明所指明的内容,但并不排除其他方面的内容。
“立体异构体”是指具有相同化学构造,但原子或基团在空间上排列方式不同的化合物。立体异构体包括对映异构体、非对映异构体、构象异构体(旋转异构体)、几何异构体(顺/反)异构体、阻转异构体,等等。
本发明的“溶剂化物”是指一个或多个溶剂分子与本发明的化合物所形成的缔合物。形成溶剂化物的溶剂包括,但并不限于,水,异丙醇,乙醇,甲醇,二甲亚砜,乙酸乙酯,乙酸和氨基乙醇。术语“水合物”是指溶剂分子是水所形成的缔合物。
如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的盐”表示在合理的医学判断范围内适用于与人和动物的组织接触而没有过度的毒性、刺激性、变态反应等,并且与合理的受益/风险比相称的那些盐。药学上可接受的盐是本领域公知的。例如,S.M.Berge等人在J.Pharm.Sci.66:1-19,1977中详细描述了药学上可接受的盐。这些盐可以在本公开化合物的最终分离和纯化过程中原位制备,或者通过使游离碱基团与合适的有机酸反应而分开制备。代表性的酸加成盐包括乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、氯化物、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、月桂基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、十一酸盐、戊酸盐等。代表性的碱金属或碱土金属盐包括钠、锂、钾、钙、镁等,以及无毒铵、季铵和胺阳离子,包括但不限于铵、四甲基铵、四乙基铵、甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、三乙胺、乙胺等。
“前药”是一种药理学物质,其以无活性(或显著较低的活性)形式施用,并随后在体内代谢为活性代谢物。以较低剂量使更多药物到达所需靶标通常是使用前药背后的基本原理并且这通常归因于更好的吸收、分布、代谢和/或排泄(ADME)性质。前药通常设计成用于改善口服生物利用度,因为胃肠道吸收不良通常是限制因素。另外,使用前药策略可以增加药物对其预期靶标的选择性,从而降低脱靶效应的可能性。
“相邻两个所述基本单元之一通过X’中的单糖基与另一所述基本单元中的R的骨架原子相连”是指邻两个所述基本单元之一中的X’中的单糖基内的羟基与另一所述基本单元中的R的骨架原子上的羧基发生酯化反应,从而将两个基本单元相连。
“所述化合物中所述基本单元的递归层次不超过2”。
本发明中的药物可以制备为各种剂型,包括但不限于散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、注射剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂,优选为喷鼻剂。
本发明中的药物可以根据需要和药剂领域常识使用各种药学上可接受的各种辅料/赋形剂,包括但不限于溶剂、增溶剂、粘合剂、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、pH调节剂、矫味剂等。
根据本发明的一些具体的实施例,本发明提供一类星状棘蛋白靶向的化合物及其盐类,其结构为:
R(X)n,n=1~6
其中,R为单糖或氨基化单糖或单糖羧基、或芳香环的骨架。X1-n为R骨架上的多个取代基,Xi与Xi+1之间可以相同,也可以不同,但是R上的取代基总数不超过6。
X的结构如下所示:
~QC(O)-R’((X’)m),m=1~3
R’={六员芳环,香豆素,黄酮,异黄酮,氨糖};
Q={-O-,-N-,-SO2-},X’={QH,QC(O)R”}
R”={R(X)n,单糖基}
此类分子及其盐类与含棘蛋白的引起呼吸道感染的病毒颗粒表面的棘蛋白(棘蛋白)在正位和别构位点上结合,造成病毒颗粒表面的棘蛋白不能与宿主细胞的受体蛋白(如,血管紧张素转换酶2,或神经氨酸酶)结合,从而不能感染人类。
根据本发明的一些具体的实施例,R为单糖或氨基化单糖或单糖羧基、或芳香环的骨架。X1-n为R骨架上的多个取代基,Xi与Xi+1之间可以相同,也可以不同,但是R上的取代基总数不超过6。X的结构定义为~QC(O)-R’((X’)m),m=1~3;R’定义为{六员芳环,香豆素,异香豆素,黄酮和异黄酮};Q={-O-,-N-},X’={QH,QC(O)R”};R”定义为{R(X)n,单糖基},n=1~6。
此类分子及其盐类在人体内分解为代谢物,包括3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸苷多聚物、多羟基香豆素苷多聚物、多羟基黄酮苷多聚物;此类代谢物在人体内抑制维生素K的表达水平,阻止血小板聚集,从而治疗冠状病毒导致的血管栓塞。
根据本发明的一些具体的实施例,R为单糖或氨基化单糖或单糖羧基、或芳香环的骨架。X1-n为R骨架上的多个取代基,Xi与Xi+1可以相同,也可以不同,但是R上的取代基总数不超过6。X的结构定义为~QC(O)-R’((X’)m),m=1~3;R’定义为{六员芳环,香豆素,黄酮};Q={-O-,-N-},X’={Q H,QC(O)R”};R”定义为{R(X)n,单糖基},n=1~6。此类化合物制备方法,其特征在于:将多羟基苯甲酸与单糖在室温条件下进行酯化反应,然后再与多羟基苯甲酸、黄酮、香豆素缩合得到得到星状分子,此类分子及其盐类与新冠病毒或表面有棘蛋白的病毒在正位结合位点,如RBD域或者别构位点结合,从而阻止冠状病毒或者表面表达棘蛋白的其它病毒入侵宿主细胞,阻止病毒感染的发生。
根据本发明的一些具体的实施例,R为单糖或氨基化单糖或单糖羧基、或芳香环的骨架。X1-n为R骨架上的多个取代基,Xi与Xi+1之间可以相同,也可以不同,但是R上的取代基总数不超过6。X的结构定义为~QC(O)-R’((X’)m),m=1~3;R’定义为{六员芳环,香豆素,黄酮};Q={-O-,-N-},X’={QH,QC(O)R”};R”定义为{R(X)n,单糖基},n=1~6。此类化合物制备方法,其特征在于:将多羟基苯甲酸与单糖在室温条件下进行酯化反应,然后再与多羟基苯甲酸、黄酮、香豆素缩合得到得到星状分子,此类分子及其盐类与含棘蛋白的病毒或表面有棘蛋白的病毒在正位结合位点,如RBD域或者别构位点结合,从而阻止冠状病毒或者表面表达棘蛋白的其它病毒入侵宿主细胞,阻止病毒感染的发生。
根据本发明的一些具体的实施例,R1为单糖或氨基化单糖或单糖羧基、或芳香环。X1-n为R骨架上的多个取代基,Xi与Xi+1之间可以相同,也可以不同,但是R上的取代基总数不超过6。X的结构定义为~QC(O)-R’((X’)m),m=1~3;R’定义为{六员芳环,香豆素,黄酮};Q={-O-,-N-},X’={QH,QC(O)R”};R”定义为{R(X)n,单糖基},n=1~6。此类化合物制备方法,将多羟基苯甲酸与单糖在室温条件下进行酯化反应,然后再与多羟基苯甲酸、黄酮、香豆素缩合得到得到星状分子,此类分子及其盐类与人体内维生素K依赖性蛋白相互作用,抑制维生素K的表达而抑制人体类的血液凝聚,从而治疗冠状病毒导致的血管栓塞,产生对重症病毒感染引起的肺炎的疗效。
根据本发明的一些具体的实施例,典型星状化合物类型实施方案如下:
根据本发明的一些实施例,本发明提供所述的星状靶向含棘蛋白的引起肺部感染的病毒的双功能化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
星状靶向含棘蛋白的引起肺部感染的病毒的双功能化合物的合成路线如上所示。含有羧酸基团的酚类原料(R1-COOH)加入到二氯甲烷(可以使用DMF,吡啶,四氢呋喃等代替)中,同时加入二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP),室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入含有保护基团或没有保护基团的糖、带有羟基的芳香环、带有羟基的脂肪链(R2-OH),室温或加热条件下搅拌8h。使用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取,取有机层,旋干有机溶剂,柱层析分离纯化后得到所需分子。
下面详细描述本发明的实施例。下面描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件的,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1化合物1的合成
3,4,5-三苄氧基苯甲酸(2.2mmol),二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,2.2mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.2mmol),加入到二氯甲烷中,同时加入室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入1,4-苯二酚(1mmol),室温条件下搅拌8h。随后使用乙酸乙酯萃取,取有机层,旋干有机溶剂,柱层析分离纯化后得到中间体。中间体与钯碳(60mg)加入甲醇中,抽干空气后充入氢气,室温下搅拌2h,过滤去除钯碳,有机层旋干。柱层析得到化合物1,总收率62.4%。化合物1合成过程如图1所示。
实施例2化合物2的合成
3,4,5-三苄氧基苯甲酸(3.3mmol),二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,3.3mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.3mmol),加入到二氯甲烷中,同时加入室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入2-(6-(benzyloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)acetamide(1mmol),室温条件下搅拌8h。随后使用乙酸乙酯萃取,取有机层,旋干有机溶剂,柱层析分离纯化后得到中间体。中间体与钯碳(100mg)加入甲醇中,抽干空气后充入氢气,室温下搅拌2h,过滤去除钯碳,有机层旋干。柱层析得到化合物2,总收率53.5%。化合物2合成过程如图2所示。
实施例3化合物3的合成
3,4,5-三苄氧基苯甲酸(3.3mmol),二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,3.3mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.3mmol),加入到二氯甲烷中,同时加入室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入5,6,8-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one(1mmol),室温条件下搅拌8h。随后使用乙酸乙酯萃取,取有机层,旋干有机溶剂,柱层析分离纯化后得到中间体。中间体与钯碳(100mg)加入甲醇中,抽干空气后充入氢气,室温下搅拌2h,过滤去除钯碳,有机层旋干。柱层析得到化合物3,总收率61.2%。化合物3合成过程如图3所示。
实施例4化合物4的合成
3,4,5-三苄氧基苯甲酸(4.4mmol),二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,4.4mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.4mmol),加入到二氯甲烷中,同时加入室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入5,6,8-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one(1mmol),室温条件下搅拌8h。随后使用乙酸乙酯萃取,取有机层,旋干有机溶剂,柱层析分离纯化后得到中间体。中间体与钯碳(120mg)加入甲醇中,抽干空气后充入氢气,室温下搅拌2h,过滤去除钯碳,有机层旋干。柱层析得到化合物4,总收率76.3%。化合物4合成过程如图4所示。
实施例5化合物5的合成
化合物1(1mmol)与碳酸氢钙(1mmol)加入到叔丁醇中,室温下搅拌12h,随后旋干溶剂,得到所需的化合物5,总收率98.9%。化合物5合成过程如图5所示。
实施例6化合物6的合成
3,4,5-三苄氧基苯甲酸(3.3mmol),二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC,3.3mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP,0.3mmol),加入到二氯甲烷中,同时加入室温搅拌0.5h。随后加入2-(6-(benzyloxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)acetic acid(1mmol),室温条件下搅拌8h。随后使用乙酸乙酯萃取,取有机层,旋干有机溶剂,柱层析分离纯化后得到中间体。中间体与钯碳(100mg)加入甲醇中,抽干空气后充入氢气,室温下搅拌2h,过滤去除钯碳,有机层旋干。柱层析得到另一中间体b。中间体b与氢氧化锌加入叔丁醇中,室温下搅拌2h,随后旋干溶剂,得到化合物6,总收率49.8%。化合物6合成过程如图6所示。
实施例7实施例1~6所得化合物的抗冠状病毒入侵实验
实验材料及试剂
H1299人肺癌细胞,RPMI-1640 10%胎牛血清,37℃5%CO2饱和湿度培养箱中培养。
RPMI-1640+10%胎牛血清
PBS(Life Science Products&Services)
Trypsin-EDTA Solution(Gibco)
24孔板(Corning)
Lentivirus-NC病毒液(GenePharma,1×109TU/mL)
病毒侵染实验原理和步骤
1.将状态良好的H1299消化后重悬,取适量细胞接种至24孔板中,37℃培养箱中过夜;
2.取阴性对照病毒,按MOI 5、10、20与1640培养基混合稀释,总体积约500μL,并加入终浓度5μg/mL Polybrene;
3.吸去24孔板中原培养基,换入阴性对照病毒梯度稀释液,37℃培养箱中培养;
4、24h后吸去阴性对照病毒稀释液,换入500μL新鲜培养基,37℃培养箱中培养;
5、48h于荧光倒置显微镜下观察并记录结果,结果如图7-9所示,。
结果如图7-9所示:图7显示了三种不同病毒滴度下的化合物4与6抑制病毒感染宿主细胞的活性,其中,在每个病毒滴度下,柱状图自左至右分别表示DMSO、化合物4 10μL、化合物4 20μL、化合物6 10μL、化合物5 20μL处理后,感染细胞的百分数;图8显示了三种不同病毒滴度下的化合物4与6抑制病毒感染宿主细胞的透射电镜实验结果。实验细胞:A549;病毒感染时间:48h;病毒滴度:10^9TU/mL;铺板细胞数:5*10^4/孔;病毒量:MOI=20(1*10^6TU);图9显示了三种不同病毒滴度下的化合物4与6抑制病毒感染宿主细胞的病毒在宿主细胞内荧光强度变化;
图7-9所示:不同病毒滴度下,星状化合物4和6在20μM浓度下均能明显抑制病毒侵染细胞;其中,星状化合物4在10μM浓度下,亦能明显抑制病毒侵染细胞。
实施例8实施例1~6所得的化合物代谢物抗凝血实验研究
1.实验原理。
凝血过程是由一系列凝血因子共同参与的复杂过程,主要分为“内源性凝血途径”和“外源性凝血途径”两种,实验室通常采用部分活化凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)和凝血酶时间(TT)来评价抗凝血效果。
2.试剂准备
2.1抗凝血实验试剂准备
APTT试剂盒、PT试剂盒、TT试剂盒,使用前37℃预温2min。
3.操作步骤
3.1抗凝血实验步骤
3.1.1血浆的制备
取新西兰兔,水合氯醛麻醉后,采用心脏穿刺法取血,以含有1/10体积3.8%枸橼酸钠抗凝管收集血液,3000rpm离心15min,收集上清液,获得贫血小板血浆,冰箱中保存备用。
3.1.2待测样品配制
取化合物,用DMSO制备成浓度为10mM的母液,测定时采用生理盐水对待测样品进行稀释,使检测终浓度为50μM,12.5μM,3.13μM,0.78μM,0.20μM,0.05μM。每个浓度待测样品体积为50μL,并以相同体积的生理盐水溶液最为阴性对照。
3.1.3检测方法
APTT测定:取血浆100μL与分别与待测样品50μL混匀,于37℃预热2min,随后向其中添加APTT试剂50μL,37℃继续孵育3min,加入0.025mol/L的CaCl2 50μL,于全自动血凝分析仪检测,记录凝固时间。
PT测定:取血浆50μL与分别与待测样品20μL混匀,于37℃预热2min后,加入匀,37℃保温3min,加入PT试剂100μL,混匀后检测,记录凝固时间。
TT测定:取制备好的100μL血浆与待测样品混合液50μL混匀,于37℃预热2min后,向混合液中加入TT试剂50μL,检测,并记录仪器测定结果。
3.1.4统计学方法
采用单因素方差分析(One-Way ANOVA)进行多组间比较;组间均数两两比较,方差齐时采用Dunnett's multiple comparisons test法;方差不齐时采用Dunnett's T3multiple comparisons test法。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。****p<0.0001,***p<0.001,**p<0.01,*p<0.05。
利用上述方法检测化合物6对体外对抗凝血指标APTT、PT、TT的影响,结果如表1和图10所示。
化合物6在50.00μL、12.50μL、3.13μL、0.78μL、0.20μL、0.05μL不同剂量梯度下的凝血指标APTT、PT、TT评价中,星状化合物6能够剂量依耐性的抑制血浆凝血作用。
组别 | APTT/s | PT/s | TT/s |
生理盐水 | 21.24±1.04 | 10.96±0.39 | 23.00±0.10 |
化合物6 50.00(μM) | 106.51±0.94<sup>****</sup> | 16.66±0.45<sup>***</sup> | 38.87±0.77<sup>**</sup> |
化合物6 12.50(μM) | 75.11±2.58<sup>***</sup> | 13.73±0.17<sup>*</sup> | 28.89±0.68<sup>*</sup> |
化合物6 3.13(μM) | 37.72±1.83<sup>**</sup> | 12.83±0.19<sup>*</sup> | 25.25±0.27<sup>**</sup> |
化合物6 0.78(μM) | 26.84±0.79<sup>*</sup> | 10.54±0.37 | 23.95±0.07<sup>**</sup> |
化合物6 0.20(μM) | 24.03±1.05 | 10.11±0.30 | 22.90±0.09 |
化合物6 0.05(μM) | 20.12±0.09 | 9.76±0.85 | 23.35±0.31 |
备注:与生理盐水组相比,****p<0.0001,***p<0.001,**p<0.01,*p<0.05。
实施例9实施例1~6所得的化合物外用制剂学实验研究
取0.4毫克至17.0毫克图1-6所述的最终产物按常规加入0.85至0.9克氯化钠,1.0至1.9毫克枸橼酸,按常规注入100毫升蒸馏水,按常规喷鼻剂制法得到喷鼻剂。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (14)
1.一种化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药,其特征在于,所述化合物具有至少一个下列基本单元:
R(X)n,
其中,
R为单糖或其衍生物、芳香环,所述单糖或其衍生物和芳香环中的至少之一任选被至少一个选自氨基和羧基的取代基取代,
n表示1~6的整数,
每个X均与R的骨架原子相连,
每个X可以相同或者不同,并且分别独立地具有下列结构:
~QC(O)-R’((X’)m)
其中,
R’表示任选取代的六员芳环、香豆素、异香豆素、黄酮、异黄酮和氨糖,
m表示1~3的整数,
每个X’相同或者不同并且分别独立地与R’的环原子相连,
X’表示QH或QC(O)R”;
Q表示-O-、-N-、-SO2-;
R”表示单糖基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药,其特征在于,当X’表示QC(O)R”时,所述化合物含有多个所述基本单元,其中,相邻两个所述基本单元之一通过X’中的QC(O)与另一所述基本单元中的R的骨架原子相连,所述化合物中所述基本单元的递归层次不超过2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药,其特征在于,当X’表示QC(O)R”时,R”表示单糖基,所述化合物含有多个所述基本单元,其中,相邻两个所述基本单元之一通过X’中的单糖基与另一所述基本单元中的R的骨架原子相连,所述化合物中所述基本单元的递归层次不超过2。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药,其特征在于,
R为单糖或其衍生物、芳香环,所述单糖或其衍生物或芳香环任选被至少一个选自氨基和羧基的取代基取代;
R’表示任选取代的六员芳环、香豆素、黄酮、异黄酮,
Q表示-O-、-N-。
5.根据权利要求4所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药,其特征在于,所述单糖或其衍生物选自葡萄糖、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖酸胺,所述芳香环选自C4-C20的芳香环。
6.根据权利要求5所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药,其特征在于,所述芳香环选自苯基、色原酮、异黄酮。
7.根据权利要求6所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药,其特征在于,
R’表示任选取代的六员芳环、香豆素、黄酮,
Q表示-O-。
9.一种药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物包含权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药。
10.根据权利要求9所述的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的剂型选自散剂、片剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂、溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂、注射剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂、粉雾剂,优选为喷鼻剂。
11.权利要求1-8中任一项所述的化合物或其立体异构体、水合物、溶剂化物、药学可接受的盐、代谢物或前药在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于下列的至少之一:
治疗或者预防病毒感染宿主细胞引起的疾病,优选地,所述病毒为表面具有棘蛋白的病毒;
抑制维生素K的升高;和
抑制肺部血管栓塞。
12.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于,所述病毒包括冠状病毒和流感病毒。
13.根据权利要求12所述的应用,其特征在于,所述冠状病毒包括SARS、MERS、SARS-CoV-2。
14.根据权利要求11所述的应用,其特征在于,所述疾病包括新冠肺炎、甲型流感、乙型流感。
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