CN112517817A - Free forging process of thin-wall special-shaped step barrel part - Google Patents
Free forging process of thin-wall special-shaped step barrel part Download PDFInfo
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- CN112517817A CN112517817A CN202011195381.5A CN202011195381A CN112517817A CN 112517817 A CN112517817 A CN 112517817A CN 202011195381 A CN202011195381 A CN 202011195381A CN 112517817 A CN112517817 A CN 112517817A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
- B21K21/04—Shaping thin-walled hollow articles, e.g. cartridges
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Abstract
The invention provides a free forging process of a thin-wall special-shaped step barrel part, which comprises the following steps: A) according to the size, heating the steel ingot, blanking in a drawing-out or one-heading-one-drawing mode, upsetting and punching to obtain an initial forging stock; B) according to the size, sequentially carrying out core rod drawing, core rod backswing reaming, upper and lower flat anvil non-core rod hollow shrinkage outer diameter, lantern ring upsetting and surface finishing on the initial forging stock to obtain a finished product forging; C) and carrying out heat treatment on the finished product forging to obtain the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder. In the process of preparing the thin-wall special-shaped step barrel part, the process key points such as the free forging deformation mode, the requirement of the steel billet on the heat deformation, the effective use of a special tool and the like are strictly regulated, the defect of insufficient equipment capacity can be overcome, the free forging replaces the conventional die forging, the high die manufacturing cost is saved, and meanwhile, the requirements on the overall dimension, the flaw detection and the performance index of the forging can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of special-shaped parts, in particular to a free forging process of a special-shaped step barrel part.
Background
The structural schematic diagram of the thin-wall special-shaped step barrel part is shown in fig. 1, the structural schematic diagram is mostly applied to military industry, the requirements on the external dimension, the flaw detection standard and the performance index are extremely strict, and the defects of black skin, cracks, air holes, slag inclusion, sand holes, looseness and the like cannot be caused in each part. Because the shape and the size of the special-shaped forge piece are complex, and the specification is changeable (the external diameter size range is 1000 mm-2000 mm), the capability of domestic die forging equipment can not meet the forging requirement of large-specification thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder pieces at present, and the manufacturing cost of a die exceeds 1000 ten thousand yuan.
The requirements of the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder part are as follows: 1) the size and the surface of the forging meet the processing requirements of users: performing penetrant inspection on the forgings one by one, wherein the inspection result meets the JB/T4730.5 II-level requirement; 2) the forging pieces are subjected to ultrasonic flaw detection one by one, and the detection result meets the JB/T5000.15 II-level requirement.
Therefore, in order to meet the external dimension, flaw detection and performance indexes of the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder, the preparation process of the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder needs to be developed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a free forging process for a large-size span thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder part, which can ensure the requirements of the overall dimension, flaw detection and performance index of a forging.
In view of this, the application provides a free forging process of a thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder part, which comprises the following steps:
A) according to the size, heating the steel ingot, blanking in a drawing-out or one-heading-one-drawing mode, upsetting and punching to obtain an initial forging stock;
B) according to the size, sequentially carrying out core rod drawing, core rod backswing reaming, upper and lower flat anvil non-core rod hollow shrinkage outer diameter, lantern ring upsetting and surface finishing on the initial forging stock to obtain a finished product forging;
C) and carrying out heat treatment on the finished product forging to obtain the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder.
Preferably, the upsetting in the first upsetting-drawing process is 1/3-1/2 of the height of the steel ingot, and the drawing length in the first upsetting-drawing process is flat anvil drawing length.
Preferably, the mandrel drawing adopts a drawing mode of an upper flat anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil.
Preferably, the mandrel bar reaming comprises common mandrel bar reaming and special mandrel bar reaming which are sequentially performed.
Preferably, the pass reduction of the common mandrel bar broaching is 20-50 mm, and local broaching is started when the common mandrel bar is reamed to the minimum inner diameter hot forging size of the forge piece; the special core rod for horse bar broaching is a step core rod.
Preferably, the hollow shrinkage outer diameter of the upper and lower flat anvils without the mandrel is specifically as follows: the feeding amount of the upper and lower flat anvils is less than or equal to 80mm, the rolling reduction is uniformly rotated and forged according to 10-50 mm, and the feeding amount and the rolling reduction are adjusted in 2-3 circumferential directions per rotation.
Preferably, the heat treatment is positive tempering.
The application provides a free forging technology of thin wall dysmorphism step section of thick bamboo spare, it is including system base, shaping and forging after cooling, at above-mentioned in-process, this application has carried out strict regulation to control key point details such as shaping mode and forging after cooling mode for the overall dimension of thin wall dysmorphism step section of thick bamboo spare, the detection of detecting a flaw and performance index all satisfy the requirement, specifically embody: by the forming mode of upsetting-drawing, punching and reaming, the deformation stress state of each part of the forge piece is fully ensured, and the proper deformation and the recovery recrystallization effect are matched, so that grains can be fully refined, and the macroscopic structure and the metallographic structure of steel are facilitated; by adopting the tool application of the step core rod and the taper lantern ring, the uniform and regular deformation of the area which is difficult to directly deform in the forging process can be realized, and the subsequent processing dimensional precision level of the forge piece is ensured; by adopting the positive tempering heat treatment mode, the method is beneficial to removing the stress of the forged material, uniforms the internal structure of the steel and ensures the internal quality and the turning performance of the final product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-size span thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder part of the invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
In view of the current situation that the requirements for the overall dimension, the flaw detection and the performance index of the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder are strict, the application provides a free forging process of the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder, which enables the overall dimension, the flaw detection and the performance index of the obtained thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder to meet the requirements by adopting the modes of blank making, forming and cooling after forging and strictly controlling the details of each step. Specifically, the embodiment of the invention discloses a free forging process of a thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder part, which comprises the following steps:
A) according to the size, heating the steel ingot, blanking in a drawing-out or one-heading-one-drawing mode, upsetting and punching to obtain an initial forging stock;
B) according to the size, sequentially carrying out core rod drawing, core rod backswing reaming, upper and lower flat anvil non-core rod hollow shrinkage outer diameter, lantern ring upsetting and surface finishing on the initial forging stock to obtain a finished product forging;
C) and carrying out heat treatment on the finished product forging to obtain the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder.
In the free forging process, the blank making step of the thin-wall special-shaped step barrel part is firstly carried out, the steel ingot is firstly heated uniformly, and then the subsequent blanking is carried out, wherein the blanking mode adopts a direct drawing mode or a one-heading one-drawing mode, and in a specific embodiment, the blanking mode adopts a one-heading one-drawing mode; specifically, according to the size requirement, the steel ingot can be upset to 1/3-1/2 of the original height of the steel ingot, and then a flat anvil is adopted for direct drawing to avoid the occurrence of surface folding defects. The process can be completed in multiple fires to avoid surface cracks as much as possible. The upsetting and the elongation are carried out in a manner well known to those skilled in the art, to which the present application is not particularly limited.
After the blanking is finished, upsetting and punching are carried out to obtain an initial forging stock; the upsetting punching is performed in a manner well known to those skilled in the art, and there is no particular limitation to this application.
In the above-described blank making process, the temperature is maintained after the upsetting, the temperature is maintained after the drawing, and the temperature is also maintained after the upsetting and punching.
After the blank making is finished, the obtained initial forging blank is subjected to forming operation so as to obtain a large-size span thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder; sequentially carrying out core rod drawing, core rod backswing reaming, upper and lower flat anvil non-core rod hollow shrinkage outer diameter, lantern ring upsetting and surface finishing on the obtained initial forging stock to obtain a finished product forging; according to the steps, firstly, carrying out mandrel drawing on an initial forging stock, wherein the mandrel drawing is a technical means well known to a person skilled in the art, and the specific embodiment of the mandrel drawing is not described in the application, and the mandrel drawing mode adopts a drawing mode of an upper flat anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil; the purpose of drawing the core rod is to ensure the size requirement and also to adjust the end face levelness so as to reduce the end face inclination caused by uneven deformation. This application then carries out the reaming of plug feed saddle with the forging after drawing out long, and it specifically includes ordinary plug feed saddle reaming and the reaming of special plug feed saddle that goes on in proper order. The common mandrel saddle is adopted for reaming locally, the reaming from the bottom pad end to the length part of the forged blank 1/2 can be performed for multiple times according to the temperature condition, and the reaming efficiency of the common mandrel saddle can be improved while transition is ensured; and the pass reduction of the common mandrel saddle hole expansion is 20-50 mm, and local hole expansion is started when the hole expansion is carried out to the minimum inner diameter hot forging size of the forge piece. And then carrying out special mandrel horse bar reaming, namely specifically adopting a step mandrel to carry out reaming, and adjusting the positions of the reaming forge pieces to the transition root positions of the small platform and the large platform. The special mandrel saddle broaching can meet the size requirement of the thin-wall step barrel part and can strengthen the directionality of local fiber tissues. The common mandrel saddle reaming is a main step of forging step transition, and the special mandrel saddle reaming can effectively ensure the inner diameter machining size of the forge piece.
According to the method, the upper and lower flat anvils are subjected to mandrel-free hollow outside diameter machining, namely, the feeding amount of the upper and lower flat anvils is not more than 80mm, the rolling reduction is uniformly and rotatably forged according to 20-50 mm, and the feeding amount and the rolling reduction are adjusted in two circumferential directions of rotation. The process can effectively ensure the machining size of the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the large table and the small table of the forging.
According to the invention, the obtained forging is subjected to lantern ring upsetting and surface finishing, namely the inner-hole tapered ring piece is used for local upsetting of a transition region, the taper is consistent with the angle of the transition region, so that the outer diameter of a large platform can be increased while the inner diameter is machined to be sized, and the size of each region of the forging can be further subjected to finishing forging. The process can finely adjust the size of each area, and the size of the forged piece is guaranteed to be qualified at one time.
According to the invention, finally, the finished product forging is subjected to heat treatment to obtain the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder part. The heat treatment specifically adopts a positive tempering heat treatment mode to remove the stress of the forged material, homogenize the internal structure of the steel piece and ensure the internal quality and the turning quality of the steel piece.
The invention can fully utilize the existing equipment to realize the free forging of the large-size span thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder, has strong practicability, and can produce the large-size span thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder meeting the requirements of users and protocols; specifically, the method comprises the following steps: through the forming mode of upsetting-drawing, punching and reaming of the press, the deformation stress state of each part of a forge piece product can be fully ensured, and the proper deformation and the recovery recrystallization effect are matched, so that crystal grains can be fully refined, and the macroscopic structure and the metallographic structure of steel are facilitated; by adopting the tool application of the step core rod and the taper lantern ring, the uniform and regular deformation of the area which is difficult to directly deform in the forging process can be realized, and the subsequent processing dimensional precision level of the forge piece is ensured; the adoption of the positive tempering heat treatment mode is beneficial to removing the stress of the forged material, uniforming the internal structure of the steel and ensuring the internal quality and the turning performance of the steel.
For further understanding of the present invention, the free forging process of the thin-walled special-shaped step barrel provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Examples
Certain CrXNiY steel grade (0Cr13Ni7Mo) is produced, and the specification is as follows: total length of the track1640mm, large table size
Size of small table
The transition from the large platform to the small platform is smooth, and the length of the transition section is 940mm (shown in figure 1 in particular). The specific forging forming process comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: discharging, upsetting H of the whole ingot less than or equal to 1100mm, and drawing to length
Returning and preserving heat for 1-5 h;
the second step is that: discharging from the furnace, and drawing to
Blanking:
returning and preserving heat for 1-5 h;
the third step: discharging from the furnace, upsetting H less than or equal to 600mm
Punching by a punch, controlling the thickness of a punch material to be less than or equal to 50mm, returning to the furnace, cooling to 1200 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-5 hours;
the fourth step: discharging, and integrally expanding the inner hole to
Returning and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
the fifth step: discharging, drawing to 1600mm by using a phi 470mm drawing core rod, and then returning to the furnace and preserving heat for 1-3 h;
and a sixth step: tapping, performing local hole expansion by using a phi 460mm common core rod, performing multiple-fire hole expansion according to the temperature condition by using a part of hole expansion from the bottom pad end to the length of the forging stock 1/2, returning the forging stock when the hole expansion is performed until the maximum size of the outer diameter of the end face is about 2150mm, and returning the forging stock after the end face is flattened before returning the forging stock to the furnace every fire;
the seventh step: discharging, performing local hole expanding by using a special core rod (the hole expanding position is the position of the minimum outer diameter and the transition region), abutting the feeding end and the end part of the core rod against the transition to perform local hole expanding, wherein the reduction is 50-70 mm, and performing heat preservation for 1-2 hours after leveling the end surface;
eighth step: discharging, namely, adopting upper and lower flat anvils, uniformly rotating and forging by utilizing the feeding amount of the upper and lower flat anvils to be less than or equal to 120mm and the rolling reduction according to 50mm, adjusting the feeding amount and the rolling reduction in two circumferential directions of rotation, controlling the outer diameter size of the minimum hollow step to meet the requirement of the hot forging size, and then returning to the furnace for heat preservation for 1-3 hours;
the ninth step: discharging from the furnace, enabling the small hollow steps of the forging stock to face upwards, adopting a special lantern ring to carry out upsetting treatment, returning to the furnace and preserving heat for 1-3 hours;
the tenth step: discharging, namely, adopting upper and lower flat anvils, uniformly rotating and forging by utilizing the feeding amount of the upper and lower flat anvils to be less than or equal to 80mm and the rolling reduction to be 30mm, adjusting the feeding amount and the rolling reduction in two circumferential directions of rotation, controlling the outer diameter size of the maximum hollow step to meet the requirement of the hot forging size, and then returning to the furnace for heat preservation for 1-3 hours;
the eleventh step: discharging, adopting upper and lower flat anvils to carry out surface finishing treatment, and immediately typing marks after each step is drawn to a ruler;
the twelfth step: and (4) performing positive tempering after forging.
Forming and controlling steps according to the process: the inner diameter size of the joint of the transition zone and the small hollow step (ensured by a special core rod), the size of the small hollow step (directly forged by a flat anvil), the size of the outer (inner) diameter of the transition zone (ensured by a lantern ring), the size of the outer (inner) diameter of the large hollow step (directly forged by the flat anvil) and the finishing size.
Detecting the surface and flaw detection of the prepared forging piece:
surface condition: the machining size can be ensured;
and (3) flaw detection condition: flaw detection on the black skin surface:
vehicle light surface flaw detection: no clutter reflection exists, and the flaw detection is qualified.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A free forging process of a thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder part comprises the following steps:
A) according to the size, heating the steel ingot, blanking in a drawing-out or one-heading-one-drawing mode, upsetting and punching to obtain an initial forging stock;
B) according to the size, sequentially carrying out core rod drawing, core rod backswing reaming, upper and lower flat anvil non-core rod hollow shrinkage outer diameter, lantern ring upsetting and surface finishing on the initial forging stock to obtain a finished product forging;
C) and carrying out heat treatment on the finished product forging to obtain the thin-wall special-shaped step cylinder.
2. The free forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upsetting in the upsetting-drawing is 1/3-1/2 of ingot height, and the drawing in the upsetting-drawing is flat anvil drawing.
3. The free forging process of claim 1, wherein the mandrel is drawn by an upper flat anvil and a lower V-shaped anvil.
4. The free forging process of claim 1, wherein the mandrel bar reaming includes a normal mandrel bar reaming and a special mandrel bar reaming performed in sequence.
5. The free forging process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pass reduction of the common mandrel bar broaching is 20-50 mm, and the partial broaching is started when the common mandrel bar broaching is carried out to the minimum inner diameter hot forging size of the forge piece; the special core rod for horse bar broaching is a step core rod.
6. The free forging process of claim 1, wherein the upper and lower flat anvils are hollow without a mandrel and have an outer diameter which is specifically as follows: the feeding amount of the upper and lower flat anvils is less than or equal to 80mm, the rolling reduction is uniformly rotated and forged according to 10-50 mm, and the feeding amount and the rolling reduction are adjusted in 2-3 circumferential directions per rotation.
7. The free forging process of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment is positive tempering.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115401410A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-11-29 | 洛阳中重铸锻有限责任公司 | Near-net forming method of large aluminum alloy thin-wall square ring forging |
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