CN112515167A - 一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法及其应用,该显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法包括以下步骤:将显脉旋覆花粉碎后,加入水溶液进行超声提取,离心取上清液,浓缩,得到显脉旋覆花水提取物。随后,将显脉旋覆花水提物、苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛和乙醇溶液混匀微波辅助提取,离心取上清液,浓缩,烘干得到显脉旋覆花复合提取物。上述制备方法制备的显脉旋覆花提取物具有优秀的改善炎症性肠病的效果;且具有安全健康,原料易得的优点;结合上述原因,显脉旋覆花提物在制备预防和辅助治疗溃疡结肠炎和克罗恩病的药品或功能食品方面具有较好的开发利用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物及其制备方法与应用,属于食品或医药技术领域。
背景技术
显脉旋覆花,俗称小黑药,又名云威灵、威灵草等,主要分布云南北部、四川西南部、贵州北部和广西西部,是云南贵州等地常用的民族药,它主要用于治疗咳嗽,跌打损伤、风湿骨痛、消化不良,神经衰弱等症状。2010年,显脉旋覆花被卫生部批准作为新食品原料。有研究表明,显脉旋覆花提取物具有良好的抗氧化的作用。但是目前尚未有关于显脉旋覆花提取物改善炎症性肠病的报道。目前国内外对显脉旋覆花提取物防治炎症性肠病的相关研究未见有文献报道。
炎症性肠病主要包括溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病2大类,其中溃疡性结肠炎是炎症性肠病中最常见的疾病类型。溃疡性结肠炎的主要临床表现为体重减轻、腹泻便血、里急后重,具有易反复发作的特点。目前炎症性肠病的发病机制尚不完全明确,有研究表明炎症性肠病主要是由遗传因素、环境因素、免疫调节异常、肠道微生物及持续的肠道感染等多种因素共同作用的结果。在炎症性肠病的发病机制中,NF-kB通路是一个被广泛研究的重要通路,其可以介导多种炎性反应,并且被认为是治疗多种炎性疾病的一个重要靶标。正常情况下,NF-kB和IkB结合存在于细胞质中。活化后的NF-kB进入细胞核启动炎性反应和免疫相关的基因转录。据报道,NF-kB在炎症性肠病动物模型中扮演着重要的角色,抑制其信号通路可以显著抑制炎症性肠病。
目前炎症性肠病尚无有效的治疗药物,常用的抗炎药物有氨基水杨酸类药物、免疫抑制剂等。这些药物虽然能够通过减少促炎细胞因子和氧化应激的产生来缓解症状。然而,这些药物有明显的副作用,这刺激了对治疗溃疡性结肠炎安全有效药物的需求。从我国传统药食同源资源中寻找安全和对炎症性肠病具有良好干预作用的物质是一个重要的方向。
发明内容
针对以上技术问题,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供上述显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述显脉旋覆花复合提取物在制备预防或改善炎症性肠病的保健食品或药物中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物,该显脉旋覆花复合提取物由显脉旋覆花水提物、苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛混合乙醇提取而成。
优选地,所述苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛各自的重量和显脉旋覆花水提物、乙醇各自的体积的比(kg/L)为(2~5):(2~5):(2~10):(2~10):1:(1~50)。
优选地,所述显脉旋覆花水提物是通过将显脉旋覆花的花瓣或根茎粉碎后加入水溶液超声提取得到的。
更优选地,所述显脉旋覆花的花瓣或根茎粉碎粒径至10~500nm,粉碎后的花瓣或根茎与水溶液的重量体积比(kg/L)为1:(1~50),超声频率20kHz,提取时间为1~5h,提取温度为30~60℃。
优选地,所述苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛均为粒径10~500nm的粉末。
优选地,所述提取为微波提取,功率为200~500W,提取时间为0.5~2h,提取温度为20~50℃。
本发明还提供了上述显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将显脉旋覆花的根茎或花瓣粉碎,加入水溶液超声搅拌提取,离心收集上清液,浓缩得到显脉旋覆花水提取物。
(2)取步骤(1)制得的显脉旋覆花水提取物与乙醇溶液、粉碎后的苦荞、金花茶、天麻和粉葛混匀,微波辅助提取,离心取上清液,浓缩、烘干后得到显脉旋覆花复合提取物。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述显脉旋覆花根茎或花瓣粉碎粒径至10~500nm,粉碎后的花瓣或根茎与水溶液的重量体积比(kg/L)为1:(1~50)。
更优选地,步骤(1)中超声搅拌提取的超声频率20kHz,提取时间为1~5h,提取温度为30~60℃。
优选地,步骤(1)中显脉旋覆花根茎或花瓣粉碎后,在200~600Mpa的压力下,超静水压处理10~30min。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛各自的重量和显脉旋覆花水提物、乙醇各自的体积的比(kg/L)为(2~5):(2~5):(2~10):(2~10):1:(1~50)。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛由粉碎机粉碎至粒径10~500nm。
优选地,步骤(2)中微波辅助提取的提取时间为0.5~2h,提取温度为20~50℃,微波提取功率为200~500W。
更优选地,步骤(2)中使用45~55℃旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩,浓缩物30~50℃烘干。
本发明还提供了上述显脉旋覆花复合提取物在制备预防或改善炎症性肠病的保健食品或药物中的应用。
优选地,所述炎症性肠病包括克罗恩病、慢性溃疡性结肠炎和急性溃疡性结肠炎。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明公开的显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法中,物料在粉碎后经过200~600Mpa的超高压处理,通过对物料进行超高压不仅有利于物料中有效成分的释放和提取,而且能够物料分进行灭菌,增加安全性。
本发明通过实验发现显脉旋覆花复合提取物在较低浓度下依然可以有效改善溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠结肠的萎缩和减轻溃疡性结肠炎的氧化应激,从而起到改善DSS诱导产生的溃疡性结肠炎的作用。
由于显脉旋覆花于2010年被卫生部批准作为新食品原料,其安全性得到保障,相比市售的炎症性肠病的治疗药物有着更小的副作用。
附图说明
图1为显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠体重调节作用。
图2为显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠疾病指数(DAI)调节作用。
图3为显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的结肠组织H&E染色切片。
图4为显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠体重调节作用。
图5为显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠疾病指数(DAI)调节作用。
图6为显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的结肠组织H&E染色切片。
图7为显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的结肠组织蛋白表达情况。
图8为显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的结肠组织蛋白表达情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例.显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备
实施例1
1、将采自云南省昆明市的显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣,分别经粉碎机粉碎为500nm粒径后600Mpa超高压处理15min得到显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣样品;分别称取1kg显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣样品,按料液比1kg:15L的比例,用水溶液60℃超声(20kHz)提取1h,8000r/min离心10min取上清液,55℃旋转蒸发浓缩得到显脉旋覆花根茎水提取物和显脉旋覆花花瓣水提取物。
2、将显脉旋覆花根茎水提取物和显脉旋覆花花瓣水提取物,分别与经粉碎机粉碎为500nm粒径的苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛和乙醇溶液按照1L:2kg:2kg:5kg:5kg:20L的比例混匀,25℃微波提取1.5h(300W),8000r/min离心10min取上清液,使用55℃旋转蒸发仪减压浓缩,浓缩物50℃烘干后分别得到166.7g显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物和183.1g显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物。
实施例2
1、将采自云南省昆明市的显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣,分别经粉碎机粉碎至粒径10nm后200Mpa超高压处理30min得到显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣样品;分别称取1kg显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣样品,按料液比1kg:1L的比例,用水溶液30℃超声(20kHz)提取5h,8000r/min离心10min取上清液,45℃旋转蒸发浓缩得到显脉旋覆花根茎水提取物和显脉旋覆花花瓣水提取物。
2、将显脉旋覆花根茎水提取物和显脉旋覆花花瓣水提取物,分别与经粉碎机粉碎至粒径10nm的苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛和乙醇溶液按照1L:3kg:3.5kg:2kg:2kg:1L的比例混匀,20℃微波提取2h(200W),8000r/min离心10min取上清液,使用旋转蒸发仪45℃减压浓缩,浓缩物30℃烘干后分别得到175.3g显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物和181.7g显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物。
实施例3
1、将采自云南省昆明市的显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣,分别经粉碎机粉碎至粒径为250nm后450Mpa超高压处理10min得到显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣样品;分别称取1kg显脉旋覆花根茎和花瓣样品,按料液比1kg:50L的比例,用水溶液50℃超声(20kHz)提取3.5h,8000r/min离心10min取上清液,50℃旋转蒸发浓缩得到显脉旋覆花根茎水提取物和显脉旋覆花花瓣水提取物。
2、将显脉旋覆花根茎水提取物和显脉旋覆花花瓣水提取物,分别与经粉碎机粉碎至粒径为250nm的苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛和乙醇溶液按照1L:5kg:5kg:10kg:10kg:50L的比例混匀,50℃微波提取0.5h(500W),8000r/min离心10min取上清液,使用旋转蒸发仪50℃减压浓缩,浓缩物40℃烘干后分别得到144.8g显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物和173.6g显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物。
下面以实施例1制备的显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物为例对其效用作进一步说明。实施例2和3的实验结果与其基本一致。
实验例1.显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物对急性溃疡性结肠炎的干预作用
1、分组
50只5周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠(由昆明医科大学动物学部提供)适应性饲喂养1周后,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常组(Control),模型组(DSS),400mg/kg阳性药物美沙拉嗪组(ASA),400mg/kg显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物干预组(IRL),800mg/kg显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物干预组(IRH)。
2、建模
除正常组小鼠每天供矿泉水自由饮用外,每天将3%DSS水溶液装于水壶中,供其他组小鼠自由饮用,持续供给7天以诱导溃疡性结肠炎模型。
3、体重及疾病指数(DAI)调节作用
建模同时各组小鼠给予相应药物进行干预,其中正常对照组和模型组给予相应剂量的生理盐水,每天灌胃给药1次(5mL/kg),连续给药7天,并记录小鼠体重变化。
小鼠体重及DAI评分变化如图1和图2所示,模型组小鼠体重随造模时间的增加显著降低,DAI评分显著升高,而给予400mg/kg和800mg/kg的显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物后小鼠的体重减轻和DAI评分的增加得到了显著改善。
4、病理组织形态学观察
于第8天处死小鼠,收集血浆,取结肠,并测量结肠长度。结肠经过10%的福尔马林固定,HE染色后,进行病理组织形态学观察。结果如图3所示,相比对照组,模型组小鼠炎性细胞浸润严重、隐窝结构消失;与模型组相比,给予400mg/kg和800mg/kg的显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物后小鼠结肠隐窝结构基本完整,炎性细胞浸润得到明显改善。相比正常组小鼠,模型组小鼠结肠长度显著降低。在经过显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物干预后,IRL和IRH组小鼠结肠长度与模型组相比显著提高。
5、炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β蛋白表达水平检测
取部分小鼠结肠组织,加入生理盐水,进行匀浆处理后,离心取上清液。用ELISA试剂盒测定结肠匀浆上清液中炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β蛋白表达水平。结果如表1所示,模型组小鼠结肠组织中炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β水平与对照组相比显著升高;给予400mg/kg和800mg/kg的显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物后小鼠结肠组织中炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β水平与模型组小鼠相比显著降低。
表1.显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症因子的影响
注:同一列不同上标字母的数据间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
小鼠结肠组织中丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮含量(NO),提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的水平如表2所示。模型组小鼠结肠组织中炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β水平与对照组相比显著升高;给予400mg/kg和800mg/kg的显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物后小鼠结肠组织中炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β水平与模型组相比显著下降。
表2.显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠组织氧化应激的影响
注:同一列不同上标字母的数据间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
6、NF-kB和p NF-kB蛋白表达检测
称取一定量的结肠组织,提取其蛋白,使用Westernblot检测结肠组织中NF-kB和pNF-kB蛋白的表达。结果如图7所示,DSS组小鼠结肠组织中p NF-kB蛋白的相对表达量相比正常组显著提高。经过给予400mg/kg和800mg/kg的显脉旋覆花根茎复合提取物一周后,与DSS组相比,p NF-kB蛋白相对表达量显著降低,小鼠的炎症情况得到明显的改善。
实验例2.显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物对急性溃疡性结肠炎的干预作用
1、分组
50只5周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠(由昆明医科大学动物学部提供)适应性饲喂养1周后,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为正常组(Control),模型组(DSS),400mg/kg阳性药物美沙拉嗪组(ASA),400mg/kg显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物干预组(IFL),800mg/kg显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物干预组(IFH)。
2、建模
除正常组小鼠每天供矿泉水自由饮用外,每天将3%DSS水溶液装于水壶中,供其他组小鼠自由饮用,持续供给7天以诱导溃疡性结肠炎模型。
3、体重及疾病指数(DAI)调节作用
建模同时各组小鼠给予相应药物进行治疗,其中正常对照组和模型组给予相应剂量的生理盐水,每天灌胃给药1次(5mL/kg),连续给药7天,并记录小鼠体重变化。
小鼠体重及DAI评分变化如图4和图5所示,模型组小鼠体重随造模时间的增加显著降低,DAI评分显著升高。在分别给予400mg/kg和800mg/kg的显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物后小鼠的体重减轻和DAI评分的增加得到了显著改善。
4、病理组织形态学观察
第8天时将处死小鼠,收集血浆,取结肠、脾脏和胸腺,并测量结肠长度。结肠经过10%的福尔马林固定,H&E染色后,进行病理组织形态学观察。结果如图6所示,对照组小鼠的肠黏膜及结肠黏膜腺体结构正常,未见炎性细胞浸润;与对照组相比,DSS治疗导致结肠严重损伤,隐窝结构受损,杯状细胞丢失,大量浸润炎性细胞,肌层变薄,上皮破坏;而美沙拉嗪和显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物干预后,改善了溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的结肠组织损伤。小鼠结肠长度测量结果如图6所示,模型组小鼠结肠长度与正常组相比显著降低;在经过美沙拉嗪和显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物的处理后溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的结肠萎缩的情况得到显著改善。
5、炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β蛋白表达水平检测
称取一定量小鼠结肠组织,加入生理盐水,制备成5%匀浆处理后,离心取上清液,用ELISA试剂盒测定结肠匀浆上清液中炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β蛋白表达水平。结果如表3所示,模型组小鼠结肠组织中炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β水平与对照组相比显著升高;而经过美沙拉嗪和高低两种剂量的显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物给药后小鼠结肠组织中炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β水平与模型组小鼠相比显著降低。这表明显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物能够有效改善DSS诱导产生的溃疡性结肠炎症状,使其TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β水平逐渐恢复正常。
表3.显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠炎症因子的影响
注:同一列不同上标字母的数据间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
称取结肠组织,制备成5%的组织匀浆。按照试剂盒的详细说明进行后续操作测定小鼠结肠组织中丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮含量(NO)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的水平。结果如表4所示,相比正常组,模型组小鼠结肠组织中MDA和NO水平显著升高,而T-AOC和CAT水平显著降低。美沙拉嗪和高低两种剂量的显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物给药后小鼠结肠组织中MDA和NO水平显著降低,T-AOC和CAT活性显著提高,这表明显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物可以有效改善溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的氧化应激。
表4.显脉旋覆花花瓣复合提取物对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠组织氧化应激的影响
注:同一列不同上标字母的数据间具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
6、NF-kB和p NF-kB蛋白表达检测
称取一定量的结肠组织,提取其蛋白,使用Westernblot检测结肠组织中NF-kB H和p NF-kB蛋白的表达。结果如图8所示,相比正常组小鼠,DSS组结肠组织中p NF-kB蛋白的相对表达量显著增加,小鼠有明显的炎症情况出现。经过分别给予低剂量和高剂量显脉旋覆花花瓣提取物后,DSS导致的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠组织中p NF-kB蛋白相对表达量显著降低。
由此可见,本发明制备得到的显脉旋覆花根茎或花瓣复合提物通过口服途径给予溃疡性结肠炎小鼠,可以显在降低由DSS引起的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的炎症水平,下调结肠炎小鼠结肠组织的NF-kB和I-kB蛋白水平的升高,通过过抑NF-kB通路,发挥其抑制免疫,减轻炎症反应的作用,从而达到治疗溃疡性结肠炎的目的。
Claims (10)
1.一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物,由显脉旋覆花水提物、苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛混合乙醇提取而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物,其特征在于,所述苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛各自的重量和显脉旋覆花水提物、乙醇各自的体积的比为2~5:2~5:2~10:2~10:1:1~50。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物,其特征在于,所述显脉旋覆花水提物是通过将显脉旋覆花的花瓣或根茎粉碎后加入水溶液超声提取得到的;优选地,所述显脉旋覆花的花瓣或根茎粉碎粒径至10~500nm,粉碎后的花瓣或根茎与水溶液的重量体积比为1:1~50,超声频率20kHz,提取时间为1~5h,提取温度为30~60℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物,其特征在于,所述苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛均为粒径10~500nm的粉末。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物,其特征在于,所述提取为微波提取,功率为200~500W,提取时间为0.5~2h,提取温度为20~50℃。
6.权利要求1或2所述的一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将显脉旋覆花的根茎或花瓣粉碎,加入水溶液超声搅拌提取,离心收集上清液,浓缩得到显脉旋覆花水提取物;
(2)取步骤(1)制得的显脉旋覆花水提取物与乙醇溶液、粉碎后的苦荞、金花茶、天麻和粉葛混匀,微波辅助提取,离心取上清液,浓缩、烘干后得到显脉旋覆花复合提取物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述显脉旋覆花根茎或花瓣粉碎粒径至10~500nm,粉碎后的花瓣或根茎与水溶液的重量体积比为1:1~50;优选地,超声搅拌提取的超声频率20kHz,提取时间为1~5h,提取温度为30~60℃。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中显脉旋覆花根茎或花瓣粉碎后在200~600Mpa的压力下,超静水压处理10~30min。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种显脉旋覆花复合提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述苦荞、金花茶、天麻、粉葛由粉碎机粉碎至粒径10~500nm;优选地,微波辅助提取的提取时间为0.5~2h,提取温度为20~50℃,微波提取功率为200~500W。
10.权利要求1~5任意一项所述的显脉旋覆花复合提取物在制备预防或改善炎症性肠病的保健食品或药物中的应用;优选地,所述炎症性肠病包括克罗恩病、慢性溃疡性结肠炎和急性溃疡性结肠炎。
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