CN112514995A - 一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉及其制备方法,按重量份计,包括:基粉40‑80份,复合益生菌2‑4份,复合益生元3‑5份,乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂1.5‑3份,植物提取物0.5‑0.8份,乳猪诱食调控复合物8‑12份,腺苷0.1‑0.2份,免疫肽0.1‑0.4份,猪用复合预混合饲料0.8‑1.2份,乳铁蛋白0.2‑0.5份,酪蛋白磷酸肽0.05‑0.09份,二十二碳六烯酸0.006‑0.008份,二十碳四烯酸0.002‑0.004份,葡萄糖氧化酶0.4‑0.8份,鞘磷脂0.01‑0.02份,花生四烯酸0.02‑0.04份,γ‑亚麻酸0.01‑0.03份。本发明乳猪奶粉在增强乳猪免疫功能、增加疾病抵抗力的同时,还可通过益生菌、益生元调节乳猪肠道微生态环境,加速乳猪肠道形成稳定的核心菌群,建立全面的肠道防御屏障进而改善肠道健康。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲料领域,特别涉及一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉及其制备方法。
背景技术
乳猪生长速度慢的原因是多方面的,与养殖环境、母乳及饲料质量、饲喂方法、饲料营养水平、抗生素的使用、中毒以及疾病等因素都有密切的联系,任何一个工作环节出现问题都会影响到乳猪的生长发育和增重,对猪场养殖的经济效益造成较为严重的损失。比如,现代化规模猪场中的哺乳母猪窝产仔数不断提高,但因受饲养管理不健全、应激、疾病等因素的影响,哺乳母猪常会出现泌乳量不足、奶水质量差等问题,进而导致乳猪腹泻、活力弱、抵抗力下降、增重迟缓、最终产生弱猪、僵猪。此外乳猪因消化吸收系统发育不全常引起的胃酸分泌不足、消化酶系不健全、胃肠调节能力差、肠道微生物区系不完善等很容易造成消化不良、免疫力低下、腹泻等疾病。随着乳猪日龄的增加,母猪奶水的营养已逐渐供应不足,也严重影响乳猪的生长发育。
乳猪奶粉是针对哺乳母猪没有奶水、奶水偏少或奶水营养不足等问题而提供的一种替代母乳的奶制品,该奶制品通常以提高乳猪的生长速度、增强其抗病力、促进乳猪消化道粘膜上皮细胞和生理发育等为目标。当前市场上出现的乳猪奶粉普遍具有营养价值单一、消化吸收利用率低、在环境因子刺激下易拉稀等问题,没有达到乳猪在母猪奶水不足和本身体形弱小情况下的营养需求和健康需求。此外乳猪奶粉因其营养丰富容易氧化变质,也会影响使用效果。因此,需要开发一种具有营养水平高、氨基酸含量平衡、富含诱食因子、适口性好、易消化吸收、防病促生长等特点的新型奶粉。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉及其制备方法,解决了目前乳猪奶粉产品存在的诸多弊端,取得了良好效果。
为了实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉,按重量份计,包括:基粉40-80份,复合益生菌2-4份,复合益生元3-5份,乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂1.5-3份,植物提取物0.5-0.8份,乳猪诱食调控复合物8-12份,腺苷0.1-0.2份,免疫肽0.1-0.4份,猪用复合预混合饲料0.8-1.2份,乳铁蛋白0.2-0.5份,酪蛋白磷酸肽0.05-0.09份,二十二碳六烯酸0.006-0.008份,二十碳四烯酸0.002-0.004份,葡萄糖氧化酶0.4-0.8份,鞘磷脂0.01-0.02份,花生四烯酸0.02-0.04份,γ-亚麻酸0.01-0.03份。
所述基粉,按重量份计,包括:全脂乳粉45-60份、脱盐乳清粉20-40份、浓缩乳清蛋白粉10-20份。
所述复合益生菌,按重量份计,包括:植物乳杆菌15-30份、罗伊氏乳杆菌10-15份、青春双歧杆菌8-12份、鼠李糖乳杆菌20-40份、发酵乳杆菌20-25份。
所述复合益生元,按重量份计,包括:低聚果糖20-35份、低聚半乳糖10-20份、β-葡聚糖20-25份、低聚甘露糖15-25份、乳果糖5-15份。
所述乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂,按重量份计,包括:柴胡10-15份、鸡内金3-5份、白芍6-10份、茯苓3-5份、山楂10-20份、板蓝根8-12份、姜黄8-12份、麦芽10-20份、枸杞15-25份、葛根6-15份、腺苷3-8份、卵黄提取物3-8份。
所述乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂的制备方法为:按配比称取各中草药原料,将柴胡、鸡内金、白芍、茯苓、山楂、板蓝根、姜黄、麦芽、枸杞、葛根粉碎,并混合均匀;加入8倍水进行煎煮,重复3次,收集煎煮液浓缩成稠膏;将稠膏干燥后粉碎,过200目筛后,与腺苷、卵黄提取物混合,待用。
所述植物提取物,按重量份计,包括:香芹酚25-30份、百里香酚30-55份、肉桂醛10-25份、薄荷精油15-22份。
所述乳猪诱食调控复合物,按重量份计,包括:诱食剂30-40份、酵母核苷酸5-12份、谷胱甘肽10-25份、乳糖10-20份、蔗糖10-20份、甜菊糖15-20份。
所述猪用复合预混合饲料采用市售产品金疠安。
所述的乳猪免疫奶粉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将基粉、复合益生菌、复合益生元、乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂、植物提取物、腺苷、免疫肽、猪用复合预混合饲料、乳铁蛋白、酪蛋白磷酸肽、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、葡萄糖氧化酶、鞘磷脂、花生四烯酸、γ-亚麻酸混合、经干燥、过80目筛后,制成芯材,备用;
(2)将乳猪诱食调控复合物、抗氧化剂、大豆多肽、海藻酸钠按照1:1:2:4的重量比混合,在水中溶解后,制成壁材溶液,备用;
(3)将芯材与壁材溶液按照1:2的重量比通过包被机进行包被,制成微胶囊。
本发明有益效果:
本发明乳猪免疫奶粉营养丰富均衡,富含优质、易消化的蛋白质、氨基酸以及酪蛋白磷酸肽、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、葡萄糖氧化酶、鞘磷脂、花生四烯酸、γ-亚麻酸等多功能因子,可满足乳猪日常营养需求,通过调节机体代谢,在促进乳猪的快速生长、提高机体免疫力和消化能力等方面起到重大作用,极大的提高了乳猪的生长速率。此外在诱食剂的作用下起到很好的诱食效果,还可给乳猪补充核苷酸、谷胱甘肽等促进乳猪的健康成长,具体表现在下述几个方面:
1、多菌种益生菌的协同作用
本发明通过“多菌种协同作用试验”精准定位益生性菌株,利用菌种间的优势互补,一种菌的代谢物可能刺激另一株菌的生长代谢,从而获得单菌株发酵无法得到的产物及活菌数。其中多菌种协同作用后可提高线粒体膜电位水平,抑制活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)的释放,以及细胞和回肠中Nod样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)等炎症小体和凋亡相关的斑点样蛋白(ASC)的表达,促进细胞内E3泛素连接酶Parkin和自噬蛋白LC3的表达,即通过PINK1/Parkin信号途径激活细胞选择性线粒体自噬、抑制NLRP3炎性小体激活进而提高动物机体免疫力。
植物乳杆菌CICC21809、罗伊氏乳杆菌CICC6119、青春双歧杆菌CICC6178、鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG、发酵乳杆菌CICC 6233能够高效定植于肠道,强胃肠道屏障功能、抑制致病菌繁殖及帮助增殖肠道有益菌,调节肠道菌群平衡,提高免疫力。5种益生菌的作用位点和作用方式相辅相成,协同增效,共同发挥优异的调节肠道菌群,提升机体免疫力,促进肠道消化和养分吸收的作用。其中鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG可减弱沙门菌诱导的空肠和回肠组织NOD样受体1(NOD1)mRNA表达的增加,同时促进不同肠段中分泌型免疫球蛋白A的分泌。LGG阻止Nod样受体蛋白6(NLRP6)/ASC/胱天蛋白酶1(Caspase-1)炎性体的活化并减少了回肠中白介素-18(IL-18)的产生,即通过阻止经典核因子κB(NF-κB)途径的活化抑制由NLRP6介导的炎症反应以及促炎因子的表达。此外,鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG、青春双歧杆菌CICC6178等多菌种协同作用后可与细胞表面Toll样受体2(TLR2)及NOD1等受体相结合起到的抗炎作用,同时促进表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)非依赖丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶(Akt)信号激活增加了肠上皮细胞紧密连接屏障完整性,保护肠上皮细胞免受肠道致病菌侵染导致的损伤。
2、益生菌与益生元的协同作用
益生菌是一类对宿主有益的活性微生物,可定植于肠道产生确切健康功效从而改善宿主微生态平衡,益生菌还可调节免疫功能、生成有机酸和抗微生物产物、与宿主及其菌群互作、改善肠道屏障、产生酶和具有系统性影响的小分子进而发挥有益作用。益生元是一类被宿主微生物选择性利用以促进健康的物质,可发挥抵抗病原体、调节免疫、增加矿物质吸收、改善肠道功能、影响代谢和饱腹感等作用。作为益生菌的“食物”,益生元可促进益生菌的生长与活性,特别是在下消化道,如结肠部位,产生协同作用促进肠道健康。此外,益生菌与益生元通过协同作用可降低其单核苷酸多态性(SNP),增加肠道菌群与其利用相关的碳水化合物酶(CAZymes)的丰度,抑制肠粘膜p38的磷酸化,增加肠粘膜紧密连接蛋白Claudin-1、Occludin mRNA和蛋白的表达,提高肠黏膜屏障完整性。
本发明多种益生菌、益生元与核苷酸、谷胱甘肽、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳四烯酸等功能成分配伍组合,通过“肠-脑”轴途径调节肠血管活性肽与Anaerotruncus等活性因子和细菌,增加大脑中的B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)、降低B淋巴细胞瘤-2关联性蛋白X(Bax)水平、突触后密度蛋白PSD-95、突触素和树突棘素水平,进而减少脑和海马组织的氧化应激,增加树突棘密度,改善小胶质细胞活化、海马发育异常和脑线粒体功能障碍,增强乳猪脑神经系统发育,促进乳猪的生长速率。
3、配伍组合多功能免疫制剂,增强机体免疫力和抗病能力
《神农本草经》注:柴胡气味苦、平,无毒。主心腹肠胃中结气,饮食积聚,寒热邪气,推陈致新。久服轻身、明目、益精;《本草纲目》注:葛根,性甘、辛、平、无毒,主治:消渴、身大热、呕吐、诸弊,起阴气,解诸毒。茯苓,性味甘,淡平,入心、肺、脾经,具有渗湿利水,健脾和胃,宁心安神的功效。由柴胡、茯苓、葛根等中草药组成的免疫增强剂在《本草纲目》和《神农本草经》等传统中医学理论及药方基础上进行科学改良可增强免疫力、抗病力和抗应激能力;保肝护肝,排毒解毒;促进肠道健康,促生长。腺苷、免疫肽等可提高机体抗体水平,增强机体抵抗力,减少疾病的发生,长期使用,促生长、改善乳猪肉质,增强食欲,提高吸收能力等功效。
4、采用包被工艺保护有效成分,表面喷涂工艺提高产品诱食效果
本发明采用“囊内包裹营养成分和免疫成分,囊外喷洒诱食剂”的微囊包被设计,有效的提高产品耐受性,延长货架期,制备的乳猪奶粉,适口性好、鲜味足,能够有效吸引乳猪主动进食,摄取营养充足,易消化吸收。本发明微囊化益生菌的壁材由蛋白多肽、抗氧化剂等组成,可有效阻隔外界环境中如氧气等因子胁迫,提高免疫奶粉有效成分尤其是益生菌等物质的耐受性、稳定性,进而高效递送至肠道中,发挥各种功能效应,同时还可延长免疫奶粉的货架期,延缓开袋后乳猪免疫奶粉失效的时间。此外使用包被工艺还使微囊内中草药的苦味被掩盖,微囊表面添加诱食剂的设计大幅度改善乳猪奶粉的适口性,提高乳猪采食量。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉,按重量份计,包括:基粉77.348份,复合益生菌3份,复合益生元5份,乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂1.5份,植物提取物0.6份,乳猪诱食调控复合物10份,、腺苷0.1份,免疫肽0.2份,猪用复合预混合饲料1份,乳铁蛋白0.5份,酪蛋白磷酸肽0.06份,二十二碳六烯酸0.008份,二十碳四烯酸0.004份,葡萄糖氧化酶0.6份,鞘磷脂0.01份,花生四烯酸0.04份,γ-亚麻酸0.03份。
基粉,按重量份计,包括:全脂乳粉55份、脱盐乳清粉30份、浓缩乳清蛋白粉15份。
复合益生菌,按重量份计,包括:植物乳杆菌CICC21809 30份、罗伊氏乳杆菌CICC6119 10份、青春双歧杆菌CICC6178 10份、鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG 25份、发酵乳杆菌CICC6233 25份。
复合益生元,按重量份计,包括:低聚果糖30份、低聚半乳糖20份、β-葡聚糖20份、低聚甘露糖15份、乳果糖15份。
乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂,按重量份计,包括:柴胡10份、鸡内金3份、白芍7份、茯苓5份、山楂20份、板蓝根8份、姜黄8份、麦芽10份、枸杞15份、葛根6份、腺苷4份、卵黄提取物(厂家:杭州盛雅生物科技有限公司,产品名称:卵黄提取物,型号:LHJ101,企业标准:Q/HYS010-2017,查询网址:http://www.cpbz.gov.cn/)4份。
其中乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂的制备方法为:按配比称取各中草药原料,将柴胡、鸡内金、白芍、茯苓、山楂、板蓝根、姜黄、麦芽、枸杞、葛根粉碎,并混合均匀;加入8倍水进行煎煮,重复3次,收集煎煮液浓缩成稠膏;将稠膏干燥后粉碎,过200目筛后,与腺苷、卵黄提取物混合,待用。
植物提取物,按重量份计,包括:香芹酚25份、百里香酚38份、肉桂醛25份、薄荷精油22份。
乳猪诱食调控复合物,按重量份计,包括:诱食剂(厂家:重庆民泰新农业科技发展集团有限公司,产品代号:优力安肽,企业标准:Q/CMT 14-2019,查询网址:http://www.cpbz.gov.cn/)35份、酵母核苷酸(厂家:北京邦士富生物科技有限公司,产品代号:酵母核苷酸,企业标准:Q/HDBSA 0007-2018,查询网址:http://www.cpbz.gov.cn/)5份、谷胱甘肽10份、乳糖15份、蔗糖15份、甜菊糖20份。
猪用复合预混合饲料采用市售产品金疠安(厂家:河南佑民生物科技有限公司,产品代号:金疠安,企业标准:Q/HNYM 003-2020,查询网址:http://www.cpbz.gov.cn/)。
该乳猪免疫奶粉的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将基粉、复合益生菌、复合益生元、乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂、植物提取物、腺苷、免疫肽、猪用复合预混合饲料、乳铁蛋白、酪蛋白磷酸肽、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、葡萄糖氧化酶、鞘磷脂、花生四烯酸、γ-亚麻酸混合、经干燥、过80目筛后,制成芯材,备用;
(2)将乳猪诱食调控复合物、抗氧化剂、大豆多肽、海藻酸钠按照1:1:2:4的重量比混合,在水中溶解后,制成壁材溶液,备用;该壁材溶液可有效提高产品的抗氧化性能和热稳定性等;
(3)将芯材与壁材溶液按照1:2的重量比通过包被机进行包被,制成微胶囊。
实施例2
一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉,按重量份计,包括:基粉74.138份,复合益生菌4份,复合益生元3份,乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂3份,植物提取物0.8份,乳猪诱食调控复合物12份,、腺苷0.15份,免疫肽0.35份,猪用复合预混合饲料1.2份,乳铁蛋白0.4份,酪蛋白磷酸肽0.08份,二十二碳六烯酸0.008份,二十碳四烯酸0.004份,葡萄糖氧化酶0.8份,鞘磷脂0.02份,花生四烯酸0.02份,γ-亚麻酸0.03份。
基粉,按重量份计,包括:全脂乳粉45份、脱盐乳清粉35份、浓缩乳清蛋白粉20份。
复合益生菌,按重量份计,包括:植物乳杆菌CICC21809 15份、罗伊氏乳杆菌CICC6119 15份、青春双歧杆菌CICC6178 12份、鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG 38份、发酵乳杆菌CICC6233 20份。
复合益生元,按重量份计,包括:低聚果糖20份、低聚半乳糖15份、β-葡聚糖25份、低聚甘露糖25份、乳果糖15份。
乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂,按重量份计,包括:柴胡13份、鸡内金4份、白芍6份、茯苓3份、山楂10份、板蓝根10份、姜黄10份、麦芽10份、枸杞15份、葛根10份、腺苷3份、卵黄提取物(同实施例1)6份。
其中乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂的制备方法同实施例1。
植物提取物,按重量份计,包括:香芹酚30份、百里香酚45份、肉桂醛10份、薄荷精油15份。
乳猪诱食调控复合物,按重量份计,包括:诱食剂(同实施例1)37份、酵母核苷酸(同实施例1)8份、谷胱甘肽10份、乳糖10份、蔗糖20份、甜菊糖15份。
猪用复合预混合饲料采用市售产品金疠安(同实施例1)。
该乳猪免疫奶粉的制备方法同实施例1。
应用例
试验选取胎次、体重等差异小的21日龄的健康乳猪240头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复15头乳猪,4组分别命名为处理组一(“乳猪饲料喂养”模式)、处理组二(“实施例1中乳猪免疫奶粉喂养+乳猪饲料喂养”模式)、处理组三(“实施例2中乳猪免疫奶粉喂养+乳猪饲料喂养”模式)和处理组四(实施例1配方中不添加益生菌与益生元成分)喂养+乳猪饲料喂养”模式),试验周期为14天。
表1乳猪饲料基础日粮组成及营养水平
1、断奶仔猪实验:
(1)乳猪免疫奶粉对乳猪生产性能的影响
计算试验期间平均日增重、平均日采食量、料肉比及腹泻率,结果见表2。
表2乳猪奶粉对仔猪生产性能的影响
项目 | 处理一 | 处理二 | 处理三 |
始重(kg) | 6.38±0.25 | 6.39±0.31 | 6.35±0.72 |
末重(kg) | 9.88±0.35 | 11.11±0.45 | 11.07±0.32 |
平均日增重(g) | 250.41±15 | 337.43±9.23 | 337.12±11.34 |
平均日采食量(g) | 307.46±5.36 | 365.51±7.19 | 371.14±5.84 |
料肉比 | 1.23±0.05 | 1.08±0.04 | 1.10±0.04 |
腹泻率(%) | 13.5±0.11 | 4.5±0.12 | 5.7±0.09 |
从表2中可以看出,本发明乳猪奶粉能有效预防仔猪腹泻,与处理组一相比,使用乳猪奶粉后仔猪腹泻率显著降低;同时该乳猪奶粉还能提高乳猪的日增重,并降低料肉比,说明本发明产品对促进乳猪生长和提高饲料利用率也具有非常好的帮助。
(2)乳猪血液免疫生化指标测定
在试验的最后1天,每个处理组随机抽取20头乳猪,采集血样,收集于不加抗凝剂的普通采血管中,静置30min后,3000r/min离心10min,分离出血清,分装后-20℃保存,测定血清中的下列指标:免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、免疫球蛋白M(Ig M),结果见表3。
表3乳猪奶粉对仔猪血液生化指标的影响
指标 | 处理一 | 处理二 | 处理三 |
IgA(mg/mL) | 0.53±0.03 | 0.67±0.05 | 0.62±0.03 |
IgG(mg/mL) | 2.25±0.37 | 3.51±0.34 | 3.63±0.42 |
IgM(mg/mL) | 0.16±0.02 | 0.28±0.07 | 0.25±0.04 |
IgA、IgG、IgM是体液免疫防御和抵抗感染的重要指标。从表3中可以看出,乳猪奶粉可显著提高血清中IgA、IgG、IgM的含量,说明添加乳猪奶粉对于机体的免疫功能具有增强作用。
(3)乳猪奶粉对乳猪肠道肠黏膜通透性的影响
在试验的最后1天,每个处理组随机抽取10头乳猪,采集肠道组织,经过研磨后用RNA提取试剂盒提取总RNA并进行纯化。以逆转录的cDNA为模板,选用GAPDH作为内参基因,按照Realtime PCR定量试剂盒(SYBR Green)说明书进行荧光定量PCR扩增,测定乳猪肠道组织紧密连接基因的表达量。结果见表4。
表4乳猪奶粉对仔猪肠道肠黏膜通透性的影响
项目 | 处理一 | 处理二 | 处理三 | 处理四 |
occludin基因相对表达量 | 1 | 1.52±0.31 | 1.75±0.22 | 0.65±0.02 |
ZO-1基因相对表达量 | 1 | 1.83±0.49 | 1.96±0.61 | 0.82±0.03 |
从表4中可以看出,与处理一组相比,处理二、三组中添加乳猪奶粉能影响仔猪肠道肠黏膜通透性。乳猪奶粉的干预能够使两种紧密连接基因occludin、ZO-1转录量显著增高,说明乳猪奶粉增加仔猪肠道黏膜通透性,保护肠黏膜屏障。
与处理二组相比,处理四组中不添加益生菌与益生元的乳猪奶粉可影响仔猪肠道肠黏膜通透性;不添加益生菌与益生元的乳猪奶粉显著降低occludin、ZO-1两种紧密连接基因的转录量,不利于保护乳猪肠道粘膜。该实验结果说明处理二组乳猪奶粉中的益生菌与益生元在增加仔猪肠道黏膜通透性,保护肠黏膜屏障中起到重要的促进作用。
(4)乳猪奶粉对乳猪肠道微生物菌群的影响
在试验的最后1天,每个处理组随机抽取10头乳猪,收集乳猪新鲜粪便置于冰盒中保存,运回实验室后,无菌条件下称取1.0g粪便于无菌试管中,加入无菌生理盐水9ml,充分震荡后倍比稀释,分别涂布到麦康凯琼脂培养基有氧培养24h和MRS琼脂培养基等中培养18-48h,然后进行菌落计数,结果见表5。
表5乳猪奶粉对乳猪肠道微生物菌群的影响
项目 | 处理一 | 处理二 | 处理三 | 处理四 |
大肠杆菌(cfu/g) | 7.54±0.03 | 6.35±0.05 | 6.57±0.02 | 6.95±0.04 |
沙门氏菌(cfu/g) | 6.78±0.04 | 5.32±0.02 | 5.68±0.06 | 5.92±0.03 |
乳酸杆菌(cfu/g) | 5.98±0.05 | 6.95±0.07 | 7.37±0.04 | 6.26±0.02 |
从表5中可以看出,处理二、三与处理一比较,饲喂乳猪奶粉后仔猪肠道中有益菌(乳酸杆菌)的数量显著提高,有害菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)的数量大幅降低。处理二与处理四比较,处理四饲喂不添加益生菌与益生元的乳猪奶粉后乳猪肠道中有益菌(乳酸杆菌)的数量显著降低,有害菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌)的数量大幅增加,肠道菌群改善效果大幅度降低,说明处理二饲料配方中的益生菌与益生元的可显著的改善乳猪肠道微生物菌群,促进肠道菌群的平衡。
Claims (10)
1.一种富含益生菌和益生元的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,按重量份计,包括:基粉40-80份,复合益生菌2-4份,复合益生元3-5份,乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂1.5-3份,植物提取物0.5-0.8份,乳猪诱食调控复合物8-12份,腺苷0.1-0.2份,免疫肽0.1-0.4份,猪用复合预混合饲料0.8-1.2份,乳铁蛋白0.2-0.5份,酪蛋白磷酸肽0.05-0.09份,二十二碳六烯酸0.006-0.008份,二十碳四烯酸0.002-0.004份,葡萄糖氧化酶0.4-0.8份,鞘磷脂0.01-0.02份,花生四烯酸0.02-0.04份,γ-亚麻酸0.01-0.03份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,所述基粉,按重量份计,包括:全脂乳粉45-60份、脱盐乳清粉20-40份、浓缩乳清蛋白粉10-20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,所述复合益生菌,按重量份计,包括:植物乳杆菌15-30份、罗伊氏乳杆菌10-15份、青春双歧杆菌8-12份、鼠李糖乳杆菌20-40份、发酵乳杆菌20-25份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,所述复合益生元,按重量份计,包括:低聚果糖20-35份、低聚半乳糖10-20份、β-葡聚糖20-25份、低聚甘露糖15-25份、乳果糖5-15份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,所述乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂,按重量份计,包括:柴胡10-15份、鸡内金3-5份、白芍6-10份、茯苓3-5份、山楂10-20份、板蓝根8-12份、姜黄8-12份、麦芽10-20份、枸杞15-25份、葛根6-15份、腺苷3-8份、卵黄提取物3-8份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,所述乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂的制备方法为:按配比称取各中草药原料,将柴胡、鸡内金、白芍、茯苓、山楂、板蓝根、姜黄、麦芽、枸杞、葛根粉碎,并混合均匀;加入8倍水进行煎煮,重复3次,收集煎煮液浓缩成稠膏;将稠膏干燥后粉碎,过200目筛后,与腺苷、卵黄提取物混合,待用。
7.根据权利要求1所述的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,所述植物提取物,按重量份计,包括:香芹酚25-30份、百里香酚30-55份、肉桂醛10-25份、薄荷精油15-22份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,所述乳猪诱食调控复合物,按重量份计,包括:诱食剂30-40份、酵母核苷酸5-12份、谷胱甘肽10-25份、乳糖10-20份、蔗糖10-20份、甜菊糖15-20份。
9.根据权利要求1所述的乳猪免疫奶粉,其特征在于,所述猪用复合预混合饲料采用市售产品金疠安。
10.一种根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的乳猪免疫奶粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将基粉、复合益生菌、复合益生元、乳猪用中草药免疫增强剂、植物提取物、腺苷、免疫肽、猪用复合预混合饲料、乳铁蛋白、酪蛋白磷酸肽、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、葡萄糖氧化酶、鞘磷脂、花生四烯酸、γ-亚麻酸混合、经干燥、过80目筛后,制成芯材,备用;
(2)将乳猪诱食调控复合物、抗氧化剂、大豆多肽、海藻酸钠按照1:1:2:4的重量比混合,在水中溶解后,制成壁材溶液,备用;
(3)将芯材与壁材溶液按照1:2的重量比通过包被机进行包被,制成微胶囊。
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