CN112502704A - Large-structure open-stope subsequent filling mining method - Google Patents
Large-structure open-stope subsequent filling mining method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112502704A CN112502704A CN202011246611.6A CN202011246611A CN112502704A CN 112502704 A CN112502704 A CN 112502704A CN 202011246611 A CN202011246611 A CN 202011246611A CN 112502704 A CN112502704 A CN 112502704A
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- filling
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- stoping
- stope
- mining
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention relates to a large-structure open stope subsequent filling mining method, which comprises the steps of continuous mining by two steps, namely, mining the stud by one step, immediately carrying out high-strength full-tailing sand-cement finished filling after the mining is finished, and mining a stope by two steps; however, the stope stoping can be carried out simultaneously with the stud stoping, and the stoping of the stope is delayed by 10-20m after the stud stoping along the trend direction of the ore body during operation. The invention has the characteristics of environmental protection and safety of the filling method, improves the mining strength and the working efficiency and reduces the mining cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mine mining, and particularly relates to a large-structure open stope subsequent filling mining method.
Background
The most widely used mining method in our country at present is the open stope method, which has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost and the like, and has a plurality of defects, such as large environmental damage, ineffective safety guarantee, large mining and cutting engineering quantity and large loss and depletion. The filling method is a mining method which is very widely applied in recent years, is suitable for ore bodies with various occurrence conditions, has the characteristics of low dilution loss rate, safety, high efficiency, environmental protection and the like, can effectively control the problem of ground pressure caused by mining, and has the defects of high mining cost, poor economy and the like. Therefore, how to combine the open stope method with the filling method has the characteristics of environmental protection and safety of the filling method, and meanwhile, the overall effects of improving the mining strength, improving the operation efficiency and reducing the mining cost and the mining accuracy ratio become the characteristic subject of the research in the mining field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-structure open stope subsequent filling mining method which can effectively control mine ground pressure and improve stability of a broken rock stope, aiming at the technical problems in mining.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a large-structure open-stope subsequent filling mining method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, arranging a cutting tunnel with the size of 2.8m multiplied by 2.8m at the middle position of an ore room and an ore pillar, communicating the cutting tunnel with a stage transportation tunnel, and arranging a cutting well on one side of the end part of an upper plate of an ore body after construction, wherein the size of the cutting well is 2.0m multiplied by 3.0 m; then, taking the cutting well as a free surface, arranging upward vertical fan-shaped blast holes in the pull-down roadway, and blasting for multiple times to form cutting grooves, wherein the width of each cutting groove is 5 m;
(2) after the cutting groove is arranged and completed, namely the mining accurate cutting engineering of the ore block is arranged and completed, upward sector holes perpendicular to the rock drilling roadway are arranged in the rock drilling roadway, the diameter of a blast hole is 60mm, and a pneumatic powder charger is adopted for carrying out powder charging and loadingThe density of the medicine is 0.9kg/dm3Blasting by taking the cutting groove as a free surface, wherein the minimum resistant line is 1.5m, the row spacing of blast holes is 1.2m, and the hole spacing is 1.5-2.1 m;
(3) the stoping bottom structure adopts V-shaped trench, the trench height is 7.9m, the angle is 47 degrees, the trench bottom-pulling roadway drilling is carried out in a fan-shaped medium-length hole, the V-shaped trench is formed by blasting, and the V-shaped trench can be synchronously formed with each subsection stoping operation. The section specification is 2.8m multiplied by 2.8 m;
(4) during medium-length hole design and blasting, when the top is segmented, right-angled isosceles inverted triangle pillars are left in the chamber and the room pillar in the direction perpendicular to the trend direction of the ore body, and the volume of the triangle pillars is not less than 150m3The stable utilization and safety of the upper middle section main haulage roadway are ensured;
(5) the medium-length hole blasting adopts detonating tube subsection differential blasting, 2-3 rows of blast holes are blasted for the first time, blasting is finished for 2-3 times after a space to be compensated is formed, and a large amount of ore is removed after each blasting is finished;
(6) the ventilation line of the stope is as follows: fresh air flow enters a subsection rock drilling roadway through a slope way, then is discharged to the upper middle section level through a stope cutting raise after a stope is flushed, enters a return air shaft through a return air main roadway and leads to the ground surface;
(7) after blasting each time and discharging blast fume after full ventilation, carrying and unloading the collapsed ore falling into a V-shaped trench at the bottom of a stope into a drop shaft by utilizing a conveyor from a mine removal gallery and a mine removal route;
(8) and after the stoping is finished, arranging a filling retaining wall in the ore removal roadway at the bottom, and installing a strainer on the filling retaining wall. After the filling retaining wall is arranged, the stope is filled;
(9) after the stoping of the ore pillar is finished, high-strength full-tailings are adopted for cemented filling, after a filling body reaches a certain strength, stoping work of a chamber is immediately finished, and filling is carried out, wherein high-grade bottoming filling is carried out firstly, a second layer is adopted for non-cemented filling, a third layer is adopted for high-grade top-connected filling, and the bottom-layer and top-connected layer filling body is segmented to be used as a top pillar for next middle-section mining and a channel for last middle-section trackless equipment;
(10) a plurality of pillars and the ore rooms can be stoped simultaneously, but stoping is guaranteed to be 10-20m after stoping of the ore rooms along the direction of the ore body in the time-space sequence.
In the technical scheme of the large-structure open-stope subsequent filling mining method, the further preferable technical scheme is characterized in that: the stoping in the step (10) is 15 m.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of low mining cost and high economic performance, can combine an open stope method with a filling method, has the characteristics of environmental protection and safety of the filling method, and simultaneously improves the mining strength and the operation efficiency.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, a method for open-stope subsequent filling mining of a large structure, comprising the steps of: (1) firstly, arranging a cutting tunnel with the size of 2.8m multiplied by 2.8m at the middle position of an ore room and an ore pillar, communicating the cutting tunnel with a stage transportation tunnel, and arranging a cutting well on one side of the end part of an upper plate of an ore body after construction, wherein the size of the cutting well is 2.0m multiplied by 3.0 m; then, taking the cutting well as a free surface, arranging upward vertical fan-shaped blast holes in the pull-down roadway, and blasting for multiple times to form cutting grooves, wherein the width of each cutting groove is 5 m; (2) after the cutting groove is arranged, namely the mining accurate cutting engineering of the ore block is arranged, upward fan-shaped holes perpendicular to the rock drilling roadway are arranged in the rock drilling roadway, the diameter of each blast hole is 60mm, a pneumatic charging device is adopted for powder charging, and the charging density is 0.9kg/dm3Blasting by taking the cutting groove as a free surface, wherein the minimum resistant line is 1.5m, the row spacing of blast holes is 1.2m, and the hole spacing is 1.5-2.1 m; (3) the stoping bottom structure adopts V-shaped trench, the trench height is 7.9m, the angle is 47 degrees, the trench bottom-pulling roadway drilling is carried out in a fan-shaped medium-length hole, the V-shaped trench is formed by blasting, and the V-shaped trench can be synchronously formed with each subsection stoping operation. The section specification is 2.8m multiplied by 2.8 m; (4) when the medium-length hole is designed and blasted,when the top is segmented, a right-angled isosceles inverted triangle ore pillar is left in the chamber and the room pillar perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, and the volume of the triangle ore pillar is not less than 150m3The stable utilization and safety of the upper middle section main haulage roadway are ensured; (5) the medium-length hole blasting adopts detonating tube subsection differential blasting, 2-3 rows of blast holes are blasted for the first time, blasting is finished for 2-3 times after a space to be compensated is formed, and a large amount of ore is removed after each blasting is finished; (6) the ventilation line of the stope is as follows: fresh air flow enters a subsection rock drilling roadway through a slope way, then is discharged to the upper middle section level through a stope cutting raise after a stope is flushed, enters a return air shaft through a return air main roadway and leads to the ground surface; (7) after blasting each time and discharging blast fume after full ventilation, carrying and unloading the collapsed ore falling into a V-shaped trench at the bottom of a stope into a drop shaft by utilizing a conveyor from a mine removal gallery and a mine removal route; (8) and after the stoping is finished, arranging a filling retaining wall in the ore removal roadway at the bottom, and installing a strainer on the filling retaining wall. After the filling retaining wall is arranged, the stope is filled; (9) after the stoping of the ore pillar is finished, high-strength full-tailings are adopted for cemented filling, after a filling body reaches a certain strength, stoping work of a chamber is immediately finished, and filling is carried out, wherein high-grade bottoming filling is carried out firstly, a second layer is adopted for non-cemented filling, a third layer is adopted for high-grade top-connected filling, and the bottom-layer and top-connected layer filling body is segmented to be used as a top pillar for next middle-section mining and a channel for last middle-section trackless equipment; (10) a plurality of pillars and the ore rooms can be stoped simultaneously, but stoping is guaranteed to be 10-20m after stoping of the ore rooms along the direction of the ore body in the time-space sequence.
Embodiment 2, in the method for open-stope subsequent filling mining of a large structure according to embodiment 1, the stoping in the step (10) is 15 m.
The invention mainly aims at a mining method for mining a deep ore body from bottom to top, wherein the ore body is moderately firm and more than, steeply inclined and medium thick and has better continuity. The mining middle section is divided according to the vertical depth of the ore body, the mining sequence of the middle section is from bottom to top, the height of the middle section is 60m, ore blocks are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the ore body, the width of an ore room and an ore pillar is the thickness of the ore body, and each middle section is divided into 4 subsections. The ore body mining adopts two-step continuous stoping, namely one-step stoping of the stud, after the stoping is finished, high-strength full-tailing cemented filling is immediately carried out, and a two-step stoping chamber is adopted; the stope stoping can be carried out simultaneously with the pillar stoping, the pillar stoping is delayed by 10-20m only along the direction of the ore body during operation, when the pillar filling body reaches certain strength during filling operation, the stope stoping can be completed, and filling is carried out immediately, wherein high-grade bottoming filling is carried out firstly, non-cemented filling is carried out on the second layer, and high-grade top-connected filling is carried out on the third layer. And the bottom layer and the top layer connecting filling body are segmented to be used as a top pillar for next middle section mining and a channel of the trackless equipment of the previous middle section. The mining method adopts medium-length hole ore dropping, adopts a throwing blasting process, adopts a scraper to remove ores, has flexible stope arrangement, high recovery rate and small mining preparation ratio, greatly improves the operation efficiency and the recovery safety, and is suitable for recovering the medium-thickness ore bodies with the thickness of 5-20m and the inclination angle of more than 50 degrees and steeply inclined.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A large-structure open-stope subsequent filling mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, arranging a cutting tunnel with the size of 2.8m multiplied by 2.8m at the middle position of an ore room and an ore pillar, communicating the cutting tunnel with a stage transportation tunnel, and arranging a cutting well on one side of the end part of an upper plate of an ore body after construction, wherein the size of the cutting well is 2.0m multiplied by 3.0 m; then, taking the cutting well as a free surface, arranging upward vertical fan-shaped blast holes in the pull-down roadway, and blasting for multiple times to form cutting grooves, wherein the width of each cutting groove is 5 m;
(2) after the cutting groove is arranged, namely the mining accurate cutting engineering of the ore block is arranged, upward fan-shaped holes perpendicular to the rock drilling roadway are arranged in the rock drilling roadway, the diameter of each blast hole is 60mm, a pneumatic charging device is adopted for powder charging, and the charging density is 0.9kg/dm3The minimum resistance line is 1.5m, the row spacing of blast holes is 1.2m, the pitch of the holes is 1.5m-2.1m, and the steel wire is cutThe cutting groove is a free surface for blasting;
(3) the stoping bottom structure adopts V-shaped trench, the trench height is 7.9m, the angle is 47 degrees, the trench bottom-pulling roadway drilling is carried out in a fan-shaped medium-length hole, the V-shaped trench is formed by blasting, and the V-shaped trench can be synchronously formed with each subsection stoping operation. The section specification is 2.8m multiplied by 2.8 m;
(4) during medium-length hole design and blasting, when the top is segmented, right-angled isosceles inverted triangle pillars are left in the chamber and the room pillar in the direction perpendicular to the trend direction of the ore body, and the volume of the triangle pillars is not less than 150m3The stable utilization and safety of the upper middle section main haulage roadway are ensured;
(5) the medium-length hole blasting adopts detonating tube subsection differential blasting, 2-3 rows of blast holes are blasted for the first time, blasting is finished for 2-3 times after a space to be compensated is formed, and a large amount of ore is removed after each blasting is finished;
(6) the ventilation line of the stope is as follows: fresh air flow enters a subsection rock drilling roadway through a slope way, then is discharged to the upper middle section level through a stope cutting raise after a stope is flushed, enters a return air shaft through a return air main roadway and leads to the ground surface;
(7) after blasting each time and discharging blast fume after full ventilation, carrying and unloading the collapsed ore falling into a V-shaped trench at the bottom of a stope into a drop shaft by utilizing a conveyor from a mine removal gallery and a mine removal route;
(8) and after the stoping is finished, arranging a filling retaining wall in the ore removal roadway at the bottom, and installing a strainer on the filling retaining wall. After the filling retaining wall is arranged, the stope is filled;
(9) after the stoping of the ore pillar is finished, high-strength full-tailings are adopted for cemented filling, after a filling body reaches a certain strength, stoping work of a chamber is immediately finished, and filling is carried out, wherein high-grade bottoming filling is carried out firstly, a second layer is adopted for non-cemented filling, a third layer is adopted for high-grade top-connected filling, and the bottom-layer and top-connected layer filling body is segmented to be used as a top pillar for next middle-section mining and a channel for last middle-section trackless equipment;
(10) a plurality of pillars and the ore rooms can be stoped simultaneously, but stoping is guaranteed to be 10-20m after stoping of the ore rooms along the direction of the ore body in the time-space sequence.
2. A method of open-stoping subsequent filling of large structures according to claim 1, wherein: the stoping in the step (10) is 15 m.
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| CN202011246611.6A CN112502704A (en) | 2020-11-10 | 2020-11-10 | Large-structure open-stope subsequent filling mining method |
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Application publication date: 20210316 |