CN110761793B - High-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore body - Google Patents
High-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore body Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore bodies, which is characterized in that the whole middle section is regarded as an ore plate area, the ore plate area is divided into sections, the sections are divided into strips, ore rooms are arranged in the strips, continuous ore pillars are reserved among the ore rooms, and bottom pillars are reserved in the ore plate area; arranging an ore draw shaft at the bottom of the panel area, and tunneling a stage of communicating ore removal cross roadways to transport a horizontal roadway and the ore draw shaft; tunneling intra-segment transportation level drifts at the bottoms of the segments along the direction of the ore body, and tunneling, cutting, ascending and communicating the intra-segment transportation level drifts in the intra-segment arteries on one side of the chamber close to the continuous ore pillars; adopting backward stoping which is sequentially pushed along the direction of an ore body, and firstly mining the far end of the uppermost subsection to strip; and (5) reinforcing the top plate according to the stable condition of the top plate along with the progress of the mining work. Compared with a conventional general method and a room-column method for mining the gently inclined thin ore body, the method has the advantages that the panel area is not divided in the middle section, and multiple sections and multiple middle sections operate simultaneously, so that the high-efficiency large-scale mining of the low-grade gently inclined thin ore body is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining methods, in particular to a high-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore bodies.
Background
The slowly inclined thin ore body is a kind of ore deposit with great mining difficulty, and for the ore body, a wall type caving method, a room-column method and a comprehensive method which mainly apply various shallow hole ore falling modes are adopted, wherein: the comprehensive method and the room-pillar method can adapt to various changes of ore body occurrence, have high production efficiency, simple stoping process, good stope ventilation condition and ideal lean loss index, and are widely applied to gently inclined thin ore body mines. At present, high-grade gently inclined thin ore body resources are gradually exhausted, a large number of low-grade gently inclined thin ore bodies are very sensitive to mining cost, high-efficiency large-scale mining of the low-grade gently inclined thin ore bodies is the only option for reducing the mining cost of the low-grade gently inclined thin ore bodies, the defects of low efficiency and small scale of a traditional comprehensive method and a room and column method are gradually highlighted, and a new high-efficiency large-scale mining method for the gently inclined thin ore bodies needs to be found urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore bodies, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore bodies comprises the following steps:
A. structural parameter division: the whole middle section is regarded as a plate area, the length of the plate area is the length of the ore body along the trend, the width of the plate area is the horizontal thickness of the ore body, and the vertical height of the plate area is 20-30 m; dividing the panel area into segments along the direction of ore body inclination, wherein the vertical height of each segment is 4-6 m; dividing the interior of the subsection into strips along the direction of an ore body, arranging ore rooms in the strips, wherein each ore room is 10-15m wide, continuous ore pillars with the width of 5-8m are reserved in the ore rooms, and no spot pillars are reserved in the ore rooms; a bottom column is reserved in the panel area, the thickness of the bottom column is 8-10m, and the bottom column is also used as a top column of an adjacent middle panel area at the lower part;
B. collecting and cutting: arranging a stage transportation gallery along the trend of the ore body on the lower plate of the ore body, arranging an ore pass at the bottom of a panel area at intervals of 20-30m, tunneling the ore removal cross gallery and the stage transportation gallery to form a passage for completely putting ore in a stope, tunneling an intra-segment transportation gallery along the trend of the ore body at the bottom of each segment, and then tunneling, cutting and ascending a continuous pillar on one side of a stope to communicate with the intra-segment transportation gallery to form a complete return air route and an initial stope face;
C. stoping: stoping can be started after the mining-preparation cutting work is finished, retreating stoping which is sequentially pushed along the direction of an ore body is adopted, the uppermost subsection far end is firstly mined and is divided into strips, upward sector-shaped medium-length holes are drilled in an intra-pulse subsection transportation gallery, row-by-row blasting is carried out by taking the cutting upward as a free surface, the caving ore is thrown into a supported dead zone, the caving ore is transported into an ore chute by a scraper, and the caving ore is transported out from an ore-out gallery through the subsection transportation gallery by a truck;
D. and (4) top plate supporting: in order to avoid large-area caving after stoping of a chamber is finished, along with the progress of stoping work, the anchor rod is installed according to the stable condition of the top plate to reinforce the stoping work, and anchor rod metal mesh combined support or long anchor cable and metal mesh combined concrete spraying is adopted at the position where the surrounding rock of the local top plate is broken.
Furthermore, the work of the step C can be simultaneously carried out among different strips of the same section, but the strip behind the mining sequence lags behind the strip ahead of the mining sequence;
furthermore, the work of step C can be performed simultaneously between different segments, but the lower segment lags the upper segment;
furthermore, the low-grade gently inclined thin ore body is required to have stable shape and large allowable exposed area of a stope.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with a conventional general method and a room-column method for mining gentle dip thin ore bodies, the method has the advantages that the panel area is not divided in the middle section, so that the mining and ore removal efficiency is greatly improved, and the ore loss caused by the arrangement of the compartment columns reserved in the panel area is eliminated; meanwhile, the invention can simultaneously operate in multiple strips and multiple middle sections, thereby realizing the large-scale mining of the gently inclined thin ore body.
Drawings
(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the patent showing a view angle perpendicular to the direction of an ore body
(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the patent taken along the direction of the ore body;
(3) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 1;
(4) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of IV-IV of FIG. 1;
wherein, 1, a stage transportation gallery, 2, an ore chute, 3, a bottom pillar, 4, an intra-vein stage transportation gallery, 5, an ore caving, 6, a continuous ore pillar, 7, an ore removal cross gallery and 8, cutting and climbing.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a high-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade gently inclined thin ore bodies comprises the following steps:
A. structural parameter division: dividing the ore body into plate areas along the trend of the ore body, wherein the plate areas are 50-100m long and 20-30m high; dividing the panel area into segments along the direction of ore body inclination, wherein the vertical height of each segment is 4-6 m; dividing strips along the direction of an ore body in a subsection, arranging ore rooms in the strips, wherein each ore room is 10-15m wide, continuous ore pillars with the width of 5-8m are reserved in the ore rooms, no point pillar is reserved in the ore rooms, bottom pillars are reserved in a panel area, and the thickness of the bottom pillars is 8-10 m;
B. collecting and cutting: arranging a stage transportation gallery along the trend of the ore body on the lower plate of the ore body, arranging an ore pass at the bottom of a panel area at intervals of 20-30m, tunneling the ore removal cross gallery and the stage transportation gallery to form a passage for completely putting ore in a stope, tunneling an intra-segment transportation gallery along the trend of the ore body at the bottom of each segment, and then tunneling, cutting and ascending a continuous pillar on one side of a stope to communicate with the intra-segment transportation gallery to form a complete return air route and an initial stope face;
C. stoping: stoping can be started after the mining-preparation cutting work is finished, retreating stoping which is sequentially pushed along the direction of an ore body is adopted, the uppermost subsection far end is firstly mined and is divided into strips, upward sector-shaped medium-length holes are drilled in an intra-pulse subsection transportation gallery, row-by-row blasting is carried out by taking the cutting upward as a free surface, the caving ore is thrown into a supported dead zone, the caving ore is transported into an ore chute by a scraper, and the caving ore is transported out from an ore-out gallery through the subsection transportation gallery by a truck;
D. and (4) top plate supporting: in order to avoid large-area caving after stoping of a chamber is finished, along with the progress of stoping work, the anchor rod is installed according to the stable condition of the top plate to reinforce the stoping work, and anchor rod metal mesh combined support or long anchor cable and metal mesh combined concrete spraying is adopted at the position where the surrounding rock of the local top plate is broken.
Example 1
The Gankou lead zinc ore of Mianbao mining industry Limited in the ten-day-Yang county is a typical low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore body in China, the shape of the ore body is mainly layered, the ore is mainly stripped flash zinc ore and is secondly clustered flash zinc ore, and the average zinc grade of the ore body is 3.93 percent; the ore body generally inclines to the northeast, the inclination angle is 10-35 degrees, the thickness of the ore body is 1.00-2.00 m, and the average thickness is 1.64 m. In order to realize the economic benefit of the mine, the high-efficiency large-scale mining method for the low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore body is tested in the middle section of 530m, and the production capacity of a stope is as follows: 350-400t/d, the mining cost is 11.26 Yuan/t, and the effect is good. A high-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore bodies is implemented on Gancigou lead-zinc ore in a specific implementation mode as follows:
A. structural parameter division: dividing the ore body into panels along the trend of the ore body, wherein the length of each panel is 60m, and the vertical height of each panel is 30 m; dividing the panel area into segments along the direction of ore body inclination, wherein the vertical height of each segment is 5 m; dividing strips along the direction of an ore body in a subsection, arranging ore rooms in the strips, wherein each ore room is 10m wide, 5 m-wide continuous ore pillars 6 are reserved in the ore rooms, no point pillars are reserved in the ore rooms, bottom pillars 3 are reserved in a panel area, and the thickness of each bottom pillar 3 is 8 m;
B. collecting and cutting: arranging a stage transportation gallery 1 along the trend of the ore body on the lower plate of the ore body, arranging 3 ore pass shafts 2 at the bottom of a plate area, tunneling an ore removal cross gallery 7 to be communicated with the stage transportation gallery 1 and the ore pass shafts 2 to form a passage for completely putting ore in a stope, tunneling an intra-segment transportation gallery 4 along the trend of the ore body at the bottom of each segment, and then tunneling and cutting an upper mountain 8 to be communicated with the intra-segment transportation gallery 4 along a continuous ore pillar 6 on one side of a stope to form a complete return air route and an initial stope face;
C. stoping: stoping can be started after the mining-preparation cutting work is finished, retreating stoping which is sequentially pushed along the direction of an ore body is adopted, the far end of the uppermost subsection is firstly mined, an upward fan-shaped medium-length hole is drilled in an intra-pulse subsection transportation gallery 4, the aperture of the medium-length hole is 60mm, the row spacing is 2.0m, the hole bottom spacing is 2.0m, row-by-row blasting is carried out by taking a cutting upper mountain 8 as a free surface, and the collapsed ore is thrown into a worked-out area to be supported; transporting the collapsed ore 5 to an ore pass 2 by using a scraper, and transporting out from a mine removal cross drift 7 through a stage transportation drift 1 by using a truck;
D. and (4) top plate supporting: in order to avoid large-area caving after stoping of a chamber is finished, along with the progress of stoping work, the anchor rod is installed according to the stable condition of the top plate to reinforce the stoping work, and anchor rod metal mesh combined support or long anchor cable and metal mesh combined concrete spraying is adopted at the position where the surrounding rock of the local top plate is broken. The length of the anchor rod is 1.8m, the mesh degree of the anchor rod support is 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m, and the long anchor rods and the short anchor rods are arranged in a staggered mode to ensure that the anchor rod has strong anchoring force.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high-efficiency large-scale mining method for low-grade slowly-inclined thin ore bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. structural parameter division: the whole middle section is regarded as a plate area, the length of the plate area is the length of the ore body along the trend, the width of the plate area is the horizontal thickness of the ore body, and the vertical height of the plate area is 20-30 m; dividing the panel area into segments along the direction of ore body inclination, wherein the vertical height of each segment is 4-6 m; dividing strips along the direction of an ore body in a subsection, arranging ore rooms in the strips, wherein each ore room is 10-15m wide, continuous ore pillars (6) with the width of 5-8m are reserved among the ore rooms, no point pillar is reserved in the ore rooms, bottom pillars (3) are reserved in a panel area, and the thickness of each bottom pillar (3) is 8-10 m;
B. collecting and cutting: arranging a stage transportation gallery (1) along the trend of the ore body on the lower plate of the ore body, arranging an ore pass (2) at the bottom of a panel area at intervals of 20-30m, tunneling an ore removal cross gallery (7) to communicate the stage transportation gallery (1) with the ore pass (2) to form a passage for completely lowering ore in a stope, tunneling a intra-stage transportation gallery (4) along the trend of the ore body at the bottom of each section, and then tightly attaching to a continuous ore pillar (6) on one side of a stope to tunnel, cut and raise the ore (8) to communicate with the intra-stage transportation gallery (4) to form a complete air return route and an initial stope working face;
C. stoping: stoping can be started after mining-preparation cutting work is finished, retreating type stoping which is sequentially pushed along the direction of an ore body is adopted, the upper-most subsection far-end is firstly mined, upward fan-shaped medium-length holes are drilled in an intra-pulse subsection transportation gallery (4), cutting upward mountains (8) are used as free surfaces to carry out row-by-row blasting, and the caving ore is thrown into a supported dead zone, the caving ore (5) is transported into an ore chute (2) by a scraper, and is transported out through a stage transportation gallery (1) by an ore discharge cross gallery (7);
D. and (4) top plate supporting: in order to avoid large-area caving after stoping of a chamber is finished, along with the progress of stoping work, the anchor rod is installed according to the stable condition of the top plate to reinforce the stoping work, and anchor rod metal mesh combined support or long anchor cable and metal mesh combined concrete spraying is adopted at the position where the surrounding rock of the local top plate is broken.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step C is performed simultaneously between different strips of the same section, but the later strips of the mining sequence are delayed from the earlier strips of the mining sequence.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein step C is performed simultaneously between different subsections, but the lower subsection lags the upper subsection.
4. The method for efficiently and massively mining the low-grade gently inclined thin ore body according to claim 1, wherein the low-grade gently inclined thin ore body is required to be stable in shape and large in permitted exposed area of a stope.
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| CN113982585B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2023-10-20 | 北方矿业有限责任公司 | V-shaped mining method for gently inclined thin ore body |
| CN114427462B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-11-11 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Medium-length hole ore-matching type mining method for steep thin ore vein |
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| CN1260461C (en) * | 2003-08-08 | 2006-06-21 | 中南大学 | Continuous mining method of stepped sectional extruding and ore caving followed by filling |
| CN102953733A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-03-06 | 彭康 | Central outside-vein house pillar type combined crosscut two-end inside-vein continuous segment filling mining method |
| CN104100270B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2016-08-24 | 贵州开磷集团股份有限公司 | A kind of low-angle dip mineral ore Truckless mining method |
| CN105587318B (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-07-25 | 长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of method of mining by the way of filling of the parallel middle thickness orebody group continuous stoping of low-angle dip |
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