CN112491162A - Wireless power transmission device - Google Patents

Wireless power transmission device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112491162A
CN112491162A CN202011385655.7A CN202011385655A CN112491162A CN 112491162 A CN112491162 A CN 112491162A CN 202011385655 A CN202011385655 A CN 202011385655A CN 112491162 A CN112491162 A CN 112491162A
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China
Prior art keywords
capacitor
current
voltage
load output
tube
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CN202011385655.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112491162B (en
Inventor
张博深
李煌
刘鑫
蓝建宇
杨喜军
唐厚君
高飞
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wireless power transmission apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a direct current stabilized power supply, a half-bridge inverter circuit, a magnetic coupling resonance circuit, a single-tube active rectifier, a load device, a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a controller; the single-tube active rectifier includes: a third switching tube, a diode and a sixth capacitor; the first end of the third switching tube is respectively connected with the anode of the diode and the magnetic coupling resonance circuit, the cathode of the diode is respectively connected with one end of the sixth capacitor and one end of the load device, and the third end of the third switching tube is respectively connected with the magnetic coupling resonance circuit, the other end of the sixth capacitor and the other end of the load device; the current sensor collects load output current; the voltage sensor collects load output voltage; the controller controls the working state of the third switching tube according to the load output current and the load output voltage. The invention discloses a wireless electric energy transmission device suitable for charging occasions of low-power electrical equipment, which can realize soft switching under all working conditions without an additional circuit.

Description

Wireless power transmission device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless power transmission, in particular to a wireless power transmission device.
Background
At present, most electrical equipment obtains electric energy from a power grid through a cable, but the physical connection mode has the constraint of 'wired', so that the use is inconvenient and the application is limited. In recent years, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology has attracted much attention in a trend toward rapid development of applications such as unmanned driving, automatic parking, and electric vehicles. The novel power electronic technology has the advantages of convenience in use and high environmental adaptability, and can overcome the defects of sparks, abrasion, noise and the like caused by traditional conductor contact type electric energy transmission. WPT technologies can be classified into electromagnetic radiation type, electric field coupling type, magnetic field coupling type, and the like according to a transmission mechanism. The electromagnetic radiation type utilizes a far field to transmit electric energy, the efficiency is low, the electric field coupling type and the magnetic field coupling type utilize a near field to realize electric energy transmission, the efficiency is high, the electric field has great harm to organisms, and therefore the magnetic field coupling type wireless electric energy transmission based on the coil is a mainstream scheme of the WPT technology.
A widely applied wireless electric energy transmission system is characterized in that a full-bridge circuit is used on an original secondary side, the topological structure is complete and has equivalent load conversion capacity, transmission characteristics such as constant voltage, constant current and constant power are realized by controlling a phase shift angle of a driving signal of the original secondary side, and tracking of optimal efficiency is realized by changing an equivalent load after the secondary side is equivalent to the original side. In an actual wireless power transmission system, the fault tolerance capability of the charging device to parameter changes and system faults directly affects the reliability of the device and the complexity of a protection system. Due to uncertainty in the placement of the powered device, the mutual inductance between the coils is the most prone parameter to bias in the system. When the system is designed, the parameters of the coils when being completely aligned are generally adopted, so that the system safety can be still ensured after the mutual inductance is reduced and even the electric equipment is completely removed. And the extreme condition of mutual inductance reduction is equal to the working condition of independent work of the primary coil. On the other hand, the failure of the secondary side short circuit is also one of the more common serious failures, which are caused by battery failure, converter through connection and the like. At present, the better scheme is that the original secondary side of the resonant network adopts LCC topology, the cost is higher, and the volume is larger. However, the applications obtained so far are mainly for wireless charging of high-power and high-efficiency electric vehicles.
Under the above scheme, a common difficulty encountered by the industry and academia is the synchronization problem of the primary side and the secondary side control signals. Because the primary side and the secondary side are two sets of independent control systems, although the frequency accuracy of a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) in a High Resolution Pulse Width Modulation (HRPWM) mode is relatively High and can reach 0.002% of frequency accuracy (TMS320F28335), because the working frequency of the system is very High, a control Signal of 100kHz can generate a frequency deviation of 2Hz at the primary side and the secondary side, which causes a phase difference of periodic variation between resonant voltages, and a periodic oscillation phenomenon of output current and output power, which is unacceptable for a WPT system which needs to provide a stable power supply for electric equipment. At present, synchronization is mainly performed by introducing an external clock or auxiliary equipment and other methods, the cost is high, an additional signal conditioning circuit is needed, and the requirements on hardware and a control algorithm are high.
In addition, in order to prevent the upper and lower power switches of the same bridge arm of the full-bridge circuit from being directly connected, dead time needs to be added into a driving signal, which may cause a dead time effect, increase switching loss, and affect the quality of electric energy and the stability of a system. At present, methods for solving the dead zone problem mainly include three types: dead-zone effect minimization control, dead-zone compensation control, and dead-zone-free control, all at high cost.
With the popularization of household intelligent terminals and the Internet of things, electrical equipment with smaller power also has new requirements on electric energy transmission modes. For the application of low-power electrical equipment, a DC-DC converter needs to be added to the secondary side based on the original topology, and hardware and supporting software for providing a synchronization method and a control method for solving the dead zone problem are also needed, so that the volume and cost of the system are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the invention aims to provide a wireless power transmission device to realize wireless charging of low-power electrical equipment.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a wireless power transmission apparatus, including: the device comprises a direct current stabilized power supply, a half-bridge inverter circuit, a magnetic coupling resonance circuit, a single-tube active rectifier, a load device, a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a controller; the direct-current stabilized power supply is connected with the single-tube active rectifier sequentially through the half-bridge inverter circuit and the magnetic coupling resonant circuit; the controller is respectively connected with the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the second end of a third switching tube in the single-tube active rectifier;
the single-tube active rectifier includes: a third switching tube, a diode and a sixth capacitor; the first end of the third switching tube is respectively connected with the anode of the diode and the magnetic coupling resonance circuit, the cathode of the diode is respectively connected with one end of the sixth capacitor and one end of the load device, and the third end of the third switching tube is respectively connected with the magnetic coupling resonance circuit, the other end of the sixth capacitor and the other end of the load device;
the current sensor is used for collecting load output current; the voltage sensor is used for collecting load output voltage; the controller is used for controlling the working state of the third switching tube according to the load output current and the load output voltage.
Optionally, the controller comprises:
the selection module is used for selecting an electric energy transmission mode; when the electric energy transmission mode is a constant current transmission mode, acquiring load output current acquired by the current sensor; when the electric energy transmission mode is a constant voltage transmission mode, acquiring load output voltage acquired by the voltage sensor;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the load output current is smaller than a set current value or not; if the load output current is smaller than the set current value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1- Δ D, wherein Δ D is a duty cycle increment; if the load output current is larger than or equal to the set current value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1+ΔD；
The second judgment module is used for judging whether the load output voltage is smaller than a set voltage value or not; if the load output voltage is smaller than the set voltage value, the duty ratio at the t moment is Dt＝Dt-1- Δ D; if the load output voltage is greater than or equal to the set voltage value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1+ΔD；
And the execution module is used for controlling the working state of the third switching tube according to the duty ratio at the t moment.
Optionally, the half-bridge inverter circuit includes:
the circuit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first switch tube and a second switch tube; the positive electrode of the direct-current stabilized power supply is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the direct-current stabilized power supply, the first end of the first switch tube is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the third end of the first switch tube is connected with the first end of the second switch tube, and the third end of the second switch tube is connected with the other end of the second capacitor.
Optionally, the magnetically coupled resonant circuit comprises:
the first inductor, the third capacitor, the fourth capacitor, the transformer and the fifth capacitor; one end of the first inductor is connected with the other end of the first capacitor, the other end of the first inductor is connected with one end of the third capacitor and one end of the fourth capacitor respectively, the other end of the third capacitor is connected with the third end of the first switching tube and the second end of the transformer respectively, the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected with the first end of the transformer, the third end of the transformer is connected with one end of the fifth capacitor, the fourth end of the transformer is connected with the third end of the third switching tube, and the other end of the fifth capacitor is connected with the first end of the third switching tube.
Optionally, the first switch tube, the second switch tube and the third switch tube are MOSFETs, the first end is a drain, the second end is a gate, and the third end is a source.
Optionally, the first capacitor, the second capacitor and the sixth capacitor are all electrolytic capacitors.
Optionally, the controller is TMS320F 28335.
Optionally, the rated voltage of the direct current stabilized power supply is 220V.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a set of wireless power transmission device suitable for charging occasions of low-power electrical equipment, which can realize soft switching under all working conditions without additional circuits such as a full-bridge inverter, an isolating switch and the like, can wirelessly charge portable electronic equipment, and has the advantages of compact structure, small volume, light weight, low cost and the like. In addition, the wireless power transmission device can simultaneously transmit power and information without installing an additional communication module, and the system has small voltage gain, is suitable for application of converting high voltage into low voltage, and has higher efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless power transmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of exemplary waveforms using duty cycle control according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention according to the constant current or constant voltage transmission mode;
fig. 4 is a typical waveform diagram of a fault instant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a wireless power transmission device to realize wireless charging of low-power electrical equipment.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention discloses a wireless power transmission apparatus, the apparatus including: DC voltage-stabilized power supply ViHalf-bridge inverter circuit, magnetic coupling resonance circuit, single tube active rectifier and load device RLA current sensor, a voltage sensor and a controller; the DC stabilized voltage power supply ViThe single-tube active rectifier is connected with the half-bridge inverter circuit and the magnetic coupling resonant circuit in sequence; the controller is respectively connected with the current sensor, the voltage sensor and a third switching tube Q in the single-tube active rectifier3Is connected to the second end of the first housing. The current sensor is used for collecting load output current; said voltageThe sensor is used for collecting load output voltage; the controller is used for controlling the third switching tube Q according to the load output current and the load output voltage3The operating state of (c).
The single-tube active rectifier includes: third switch tube Q3Diode D1And a sixth capacitance C0(ii) a The third switch tube Q3Respectively with said diode D1And a fifth capacitor C in the magnetically coupled resonant circuitp2Is connected to the other end of the diode D1Respectively with the sixth capacitor C0And the load device RLIs connected to the third switching tube Q3With the fourth terminal of the transformer in the magnetic coupling resonant circuit and the sixth capacitor C respectively0And said load device RLThe other end of the connecting rod is connected.
As an embodiment, the half-bridge inverter circuit of the present invention includes: a first capacitor C1A second capacitor C2A first switch tube Q1And a second switching tube Q2(ii) a The DC stabilized voltage power supply ViAnd the first capacitor C1Is connected to the first capacitor C1And the other end of the second capacitor C2Is connected to said second capacitor C2And the other end of the DC voltage-stabilized power supply ViThe first switching tube Q1First terminal and first capacitor C1Is connected to the first switching tube Q1And the third end of the second switch tube Q2Is connected to the first end of the second switching tube Q2And the third terminal of the second capacitor C2The other end of the connecting rod is connected.
As an embodiment, the magnetic coupling resonance circuit of the present invention includes: first inductance Lf1A third capacitor Cf1A fourth capacitor Cp1A transformer and a fifth capacitor Cp2(ii) a The first inductor Lf1And the first capacitor C1Is connected to the other end of the first inductor Lf1The other ends of (a) and (b) are respectively connected withThe third capacitor Cf1And said fourth capacitor Cp1Is connected to said third capacitor Cf1Respectively with the first switching tube Q1Is connected to the second terminal of the transformer, and the fourth capacitor Cp1Is connected with the first end of the transformer, and the third end of the transformer is connected with the fifth capacitor Cp2Is connected with the fourth end of the transformer and the third switching tube Q3Is connected to the third terminal of the first capacitor Cp2And the other end of the third switching tube Q3Is connected to the first end of the first housing.
In one embodiment, the first switch tube Q of the present invention1The second switch tube Q2And the third switching tube Q3The first end is a drain electrode, the second end is a grid electrode, and the third end is a source electrode.
As an embodiment, the load device R of the inventionLIs a constant resistive load.
As one embodiment, the transformer of the present invention has a second inductance L1And a third inductance L2Is composed of the second inductor L1And the third inductance L2Are connected through mutual inductance of coils.
The specific working process of each device in the wireless power transmission device is as follows:
DC voltage-stabilized power supply ViTwo voltage stabilizing capacitors connected in series and having large capacitance value are connected, then a half-bridge inverter circuit is connected to generate square wave signals with frequency larger than resonance frequency, a control signal of the half-bridge inverter circuit is driven by an equally divided duty ratio, and a first switching tube Q1Driving signal and second switch tube Q2The driving signals are complementary in time, and only the second switching tube Q is arranged in the positive half cycle of the inverted square wave voltage2On and the first switch tube Q1Is turned off, and the current loop of the primary side is the second capacitor C2Primary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit-second switching tube Q2-a second capacitance C2. Negative half cycle of inverse square wave voltage is only provided with a first switch tube Q1The method is opened and the device is started,and a second switching tube Q2Is turned off, and the current loop of the primary side is the first capacitor C1Primary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit first switch tube Q1-a first capacitance C1. The effective value of the output voltage after half-bridge inversion is only half of the input direct-current voltage, and the effect of converting from high voltage to low voltage is achieved.
The single-tube active rectifier works as follows: the secondary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit is connected with a third switching tube, the frequency of a driving signal of the third switching tube is far smaller than the resonance frequency, the switching time is arbitrary, and the zero crossing point of a high-frequency signal does not need to be detected. According to the direction and the circulation path of the current, four working modes are obtained by division:
the first mode is as follows: third switch tube Q3When the current is switched on, the current flows in the forward direction through the third switching tube Q3The secondary side has two current loops, namely a secondary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit-a third switching tube Q3Secondary side magnetic coupling resonant circuit and sixth capacitance C0-load means-sixth capacitance C0The output current is provided by a sixth capacitor C0The secondary side resonance voltage is provided in a zero level state.
Mode two: third switch tube Q3Turning on and passing current reversely through the third switching tube Q3The secondary side of the diode has two current loops, namely a secondary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit and a third switching tube Q3And an anti-parallel diode-secondary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit and a sixth capacitor C0-a load device RL-a sixth capacitance C0The output current is provided by a voltage-stabilizing capacitor C0The secondary side resonance voltage is provided in a zero level state.
Mode three: third switch tube Q3Is turned off and a current flows in the forward direction through the diode D1When the resonant current is supplied to the sixth capacitor C0Charging, output voltage rising, current loop being secondary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit-diode D1-a sixth capacitance C0(load device R)L) -a secondary magnetically coupled resonant circuit, the resonant voltage being substantially equal to the output voltage.
And a fourth mode: third switch tube Q3Turn off and current flow in reverse directionThird switch tube Q3The secondary side of the diode has two current loops, namely a secondary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit and a third switching tube Q3And an anti-parallel diode-secondary side magnetic coupling resonance circuit and a sixth capacitor C0-a load device RL-a sixth capacitance C0The output current is provided by a sixth capacitor C0The secondary side resonance voltage is provided in a zero level state.
The duty cycle control and the phase angle control have similarities, and it can be considered that in the duty cycle control, the third switching tube Q3The time of switching on is equivalent to grouping together the lead levels of conventional phase shift angle control, i.e. the travel of the duty cycle can be viewed as the result of the periodic variation of the phase angle between 0 ° and 90 °. Similarly, the duty ratio can also be subjected to load conversion, the influence of the actual load on the primary side can be controllably converted, and the control on the output characteristics of constant voltage and constant current and the tracking on the optimal efficiency can be achieved.
The invention adds a voltage sensor, a current sensor and a controller on a basic circuit, and the working principle is as follows: the resonance voltage is kept unchanged, corresponding current or voltage sampling is carried out by selecting the electric energy transmission mode, and the duty ratio of the secondary side is changed, namely the third switching tube Q3The on time accounts for the proportion of the period, the controller is controlled to obtain the expected output, when the actual output value is smaller than the expected value, the duty ratio is reduced, otherwise, the duty ratio is increased, therefore, the specific flow of controlling the duty ratio is summarized as shown in fig. 3, and meanwhile, the control flow is converted into modularization, so the controller comprises: the device comprises a selection module, a first judgment module, a second judgment module and an execution module; the selection module is used for selecting an electric energy transmission mode; when the electric energy transmission mode is a constant current transmission mode, acquiring load output current acquired by the current sensor; when the electric energy transmission mode is a constant voltage transmission mode, acquiring load output voltage acquired by the voltage sensor; the first judging module is used for judging whether the load output current is smaller than a set current value; if the load output current is smaller than the set current value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1- Δ D, wherein Δ D is a duty cycle increment;if the load output current is larger than or equal to the set current value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1+ Δ D; the second judging module is used for judging whether the load output voltage is smaller than a set voltage value; if the load output voltage is smaller than the set voltage value, the duty ratio at the t moment is Dt＝Dt-1- Δ D; if the load output voltage is greater than or equal to the set voltage value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1+ Δ D; the execution module is used for controlling the third switching tube Q according to the duty ratio at the t moment3The operating state of (c). The execution module is used for controlling the third switching tube Q according to the duty ratio at the t moment3The operating state of (c). The controller further comprises a third judging module, which is used for judging that the Stop flag bit is set to be 1 and the adjusting process is finished when the difference value between the load output current and the given current or the difference value between the load output voltage and the given voltage is within an allowed error range. The duty ratio increment Δ D in this embodiment may be selected according to actual requirements, and is selected to be 0.01 in this embodiment.
The duty ratio control mode provided by the invention is different from the traditional duty ratio control mode, the traditional duty ratio control mode has high requirement on the switching time, the zero crossing point time of the high-frequency resonance current needs to be dynamically and accurately detected, and the hardware cost and the control difficulty are relatively high. Because the working frequency of the single-tube active rectifier can be far less than that of a half-bridge inverter circuit, the third switching tube Q3Has little influence on the efficiency, so that the third switching tube Q3Can be at any time, not necessarily at the zero crossing of the resonant current.
In a wireless power transmission system, the ability to tolerate parameter variations and system faults directly affects the reliability of the device and the complexity of the protection system. Under the fault working condition that mutual inductance is reduced and even primary side works independently, the current of the coil is kept unchanged, and the output current of the converter is reduced along with the reduction of the mutual inductance. Under the fault working condition of load short circuit, the current of the coil is slightly reduced, the whole system still works under the controllable safety working condition, and a typical waveform diagram at the moment of the fault is shown in fig. 4.
The parameters of the main components are as follows:
d, direct-current stabilized power supply: the single-phase direct-current voltage source is 180V-264V, and the rated voltage is 220V.
Electrolytic capacitor C1、C2、C0：100μF、100μF、100μF。
Power device MOSFET Q1～Q3：KIA840S，8A/500V/0.9Ω。
Digital controller DSP: TMS320F 28335.
A diode: 1N 4148.
Resonance inductance: l isf1、L1、L2：75μH、86μH、86μH。
Coil mutual inductance: 64 muH.
Compensation capacitance: cf1、Cp1、Cp2：47nF、80nF、10nF。
The invention adopts the half-bridge inverter circuit and the single-tube active rectifier to realize the control of the wireless power transmission system, is beneficial to the miniaturization design of the wireless power transmission system, simultaneously reduces the switching loss and the conduction loss of a power device, is beneficial to the model selection and the heat dissipation treatment of the power device, does not need to consider the synchronization problem of the original secondary control signal, has simple structure, novel design and obvious application value, and can realize the continuous control of the output voltage from 0V to 98V by controlling the duty ratio under the given main component parameters.
Inventive series diode D1The reverse blocking effect is realized, so that the single-tube active rectifier has no danger of direct connection of output voltage, and the third switching tube Q3The dead time is not required to be considered in the driving signal, and because only one control signal of the single-tube active rectifier is needed, the hardware circuit and the control algorithm are simple to realize.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to assist in understanding the core concepts of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (8)

1. A wireless power transfer apparatus, the apparatus comprising: the device comprises a direct current stabilized power supply, a half-bridge inverter circuit, a magnetic coupling resonance circuit, a single-tube active rectifier, a load device, a current sensor, a voltage sensor and a controller; the direct-current stabilized power supply is connected with the single-tube active rectifier sequentially through the half-bridge inverter circuit and the magnetic coupling resonant circuit; the controller is respectively connected with the current sensor, the voltage sensor and the second end of a third switching tube in the single-tube active rectifier;
the single-tube active rectifier includes: a third switching tube, a diode and a sixth capacitor; the first end of the third switching tube is respectively connected with the anode of the diode and the magnetic coupling resonance circuit, the cathode of the diode is respectively connected with one end of the sixth capacitor and one end of the load device, and the third end of the third switching tube is respectively connected with the magnetic coupling resonance circuit, the other end of the sixth capacitor and the other end of the load device;
the current sensor is used for collecting load output current; the voltage sensor is used for collecting load output voltage; the controller is used for controlling the working state of the third switching tube according to the load output current and the load output voltage.
2. The wireless power transfer apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises:
the selection module is used for selecting an electric energy transmission mode; when the electric energy transmission mode is a constant current transmission mode, acquiring load output current acquired by the current sensor; when the electric energy transmission mode is a constant voltage transmission mode, acquiring load output voltage acquired by the voltage sensor;
the first judgment module is used for judging whether the load output current is smaller than a set current value or not; if the load output current is smaller than the set current value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1- Δ D, wherein Δ D is a duty cycle increment; if the load output current is larger than or equal to the set current value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1+ΔD；
The second judgment module is used for judging whether the load output voltage is smaller than a set voltage value or not; if the load output voltage is smaller than the set voltage value, the duty ratio at the t moment is Dt＝Dt-1- Δ D; if the load output voltage is greater than or equal to the set voltage value, the duty ratio at the t-th moment is Dt＝Dt-1+ΔD；
And the execution module is used for controlling the working state of the third switching tube according to the duty ratio at the t moment.
3. The wireless power transfer apparatus of claim 1, wherein the half-bridge inverter circuit comprises:
the circuit comprises a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first switch tube and a second switch tube; the positive electrode of the direct-current stabilized power supply is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the other end of the first capacitor is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the negative electrode of the direct-current stabilized power supply, the first end of the first switch tube is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the third end of the first switch tube is connected with the first end of the second switch tube, and the third end of the second switch tube is connected with the other end of the second capacitor.
4. The wireless power transfer apparatus of claim 3, wherein the magnetically coupled resonant circuit comprises:
the first inductor, the third capacitor, the fourth capacitor, the transformer and the fifth capacitor; one end of the first inductor is connected with the other end of the first capacitor, the other end of the first inductor is connected with one end of the third capacitor and one end of the fourth capacitor respectively, the other end of the third capacitor is connected with the third end of the first switching tube and the second end of the transformer respectively, the other end of the fourth capacitor is connected with the first end of the transformer, the third end of the transformer is connected with one end of the fifth capacitor, the fourth end of the transformer is connected with the third end of the third switching tube, and the other end of the fifth capacitor is connected with the first end of the third switching tube.
5. The wireless power transmission device according to claim 3, wherein the first switch tube, the second switch tube and the third switch tube are all MOSFETs, the first terminal is a drain, the second terminal is a gate, and the third terminal is a source.
6. The wireless power transfer apparatus of claim 3 wherein the first, second and sixth capacitors are electrolytic capacitors.
7. The wireless power transfer apparatus of claim 3 wherein the controller is TMS320F 28335.
8. The wireless power transmission device according to claim 3, wherein the rated voltage of the regulated DC power supply is 220V.
CN202011385655.7A 2020-12-01 2020-12-01 Wireless power transmission device Active CN112491162B (en)

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CN106787242A (en) * 2016-12-21 2017-05-31 西安交通大学 A kind of active rectifier for wireless power transmission
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