CN111277137A - DCDC converter - Google Patents

DCDC converter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111277137A
CN111277137A CN202010183796.4A CN202010183796A CN111277137A CN 111277137 A CN111277137 A CN 111277137A CN 202010183796 A CN202010183796 A CN 202010183796A CN 111277137 A CN111277137 A CN 111277137A
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China
Prior art keywords
circuit
dcdc
controller
converter
pfc
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Pending
Application number
CN202010183796.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王恩
刘静
翟少磊
李博
陈叶
韩彤
李毅
魏龄
刘斯扬
唐标
程富勇
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Electric Power Research Institute of Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd
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Electric Power Research Institute of Yunnan Power Grid Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010183796.4A priority Critical patent/CN111277137A/en
Publication of CN111277137A publication Critical patent/CN111277137A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4241Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a resonant converter
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a DCDC converter, which comprises: the device comprises a main controller, a PFC circuit, a DCDC conversion controller and a DCDC conversion circuit. The main controller is used for collecting voltage parameters input and output by the converter, performing control operation on the voltage parameters according to a preset reference voltage and then sending out a control signal; the PFC controller and the DCDC conversion controller respectively adjust the pulse width of the DCDC conversion circuit of the PFC circuit according to the control signal; the PFC circuit adopts a push-pull circuit of LCL resonance and is used for realizing soft switching; and the input end of the DCDC conversion circuit is connected with the PFC circuit and is used for realizing voltage conversion, a BOOST circuit is adopted, and a filter inductor is introduced into the BOOST circuit. The DCDC converter has the characteristics of high efficiency and stable and reliable output voltage.

Description

DCDC converter
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronics, and particularly relates to a DCDC converter.
Background
A DC-DC converter, abbreviated as a DC-DC converter or a DCDC converter, is a DC conversion device capable of converting a DC voltage into another DC voltage (boosting or stepping down), and is widely used in the field of precision measuring instruments and the like.
With the development of precision instruments and techniques, various precision instruments are widely used in production and life. However, many precision instruments have high requirements for electrical energy, and the stability of the power input has a large impact on the performance of the equipment. Therefore, when the precision instrument is used, not only an input voltage with a proper magnitude is required, but also the input voltage is required to be stable and reliable so that the precision instrument can work under an optimal environment.
Therefore, a DCDC converter capable of outputting a stable and reliable voltage is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a DCDC converter, which solves the technical problem of low stability and reliability of voltage input of a precision instrument.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
there is provided a DCDC converter, the converter comprising: the device comprises a main controller, a PFC circuit, a DCDC conversion controller and a DCDC conversion circuit;
the main controller is used for collecting voltage parameters input and output by the converter, performing control operation on the voltage parameters according to a preset reference voltage, and then sending out a control signal;
the input end of the PFC controller is connected with the main controller, and the output end of the PFC controller is connected with a first pulse width modulation circuit and a second pulse width modulation circuit of the PFC circuit and used for adjusting the pulse width of the PFC circuit according to the control signal;
the input end of the DCDC conversion controller is connected with the main controller, and the output end of the DCDC conversion controller is connected with a third pulse width modulation circuit of the DCDC conversion circuit and used for adjusting the pulse width of the DCDC conversion circuit according to the control signal;
the PFC circuit adopts a push-pull circuit of LCL resonance and is used for realizing soft switching;
and the input end of the DCDC conversion circuit is connected with the PFC circuit and used for realizing voltage conversion, a BOOST circuit is adopted, and a filter inductor is introduced into the BOOST circuit.
Preferably, the master controller is further configured to:
the voltage parameter acquisition device is used for acquiring voltage parameters in the working process of the converter.
Preferably, the BOOST circuit operates in DCM.
Preferably, the transformers of the DCDC conversion circuit are connected in series by using double transformers.
Preferably, the master controller adopts neural network-PID control.
Preferably, the PFC circuit is provided with two pulse width modulation circuits in parallel, and the two pulse width modulation circuits are complementarily turned on.
Based on the foregoing embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention provides a base DCDC converter, including: the device comprises a main controller, a PFC circuit, a DCDC conversion controller and a DCDC conversion circuit. The main controller collects input and output voltage parameters, and sends out control signals after control operation on the voltage parameters according to preset reference voltage, and the PFC controller and the DCDC conversion controller perform coordination control on the PFC controller and the DCDC conversion controller by using the control signals. When the input or output voltage of the converter fluctuates, the main controller controls and operates according to the changed voltage parameter signal, and then feeds back the control signal to the PFC controller and the DCDC conversion controller, and the PFC controller and the DCDC conversion controller correspondingly adjust the pulse width of the PFC circuit and the pulse width of the DCDC conversion circuit according to the control signal, so as to adjust the stability of the output voltage. Due to the synchronism of voltage parameter acquisition and coordination control, the control process is more efficient and the stability of output voltage is stronger. The PFC circuit adopts a push-pull circuit of LCL resonance, soft switching is realized, and the efficiency of the converter is improved. The DCDC conversion circuit adopts a BOOST circuit, and a filter inductor is introduced into the BOOST circuit to reduce the ripple of the converter, so that the stability of the output voltage is further improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a DCDC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram of a PFC circuit and a DCDC conversion circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a DCDC converter according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the converter includes a main controller 1, a PFC controller 2, a DCDC conversion controller 3, a PFC circuit 4, and a DCDC conversion circuit 5.
In the actual working process of the DCDC converter, no matter the input voltage or the output voltage is difficult to ensure to have no fluctuation, but electrical appliances such as precision measuring instruments which have high requirements on power supplies need stable input voltage, namely the output voltage of the DCDC converter is required to be stable.
The method comprises the steps that a main controller 1 is used for collecting input voltage parameters and output voltage parameters of a DCDC converter, the collected input voltage parameters and output voltage parameters serve as original data, a control operation circuit, a preset method and preset reference voltage which are arranged in the main controller 1 are used for carrying out control operation on the input voltage parameters and the output voltage parameters, operation results are converted into control signals, and a feedback circuit of the main controller 1 sends the control signals to a PFC controller 2 and a DCDC conversion controller 3. The main controller 1 adopts an ARM chip, and the ARM chip is utilized to realize the functions of collecting input and output voltage parameters, controlling operation, obtaining and outputting control signals and the like. The characteristics of small size, strong function and flexible setting are realized by utilizing the high integration of the ARM chip.
The input and output voltages and their stability of the DCDC converter are the main factors affecting the performance of the converter, but the voltage stability inside the DCDC converter circuit also affects the performance of the converter, for example, the stability of the output voltage of the PFC circuit 4 directly affects the stability of the input voltage of the DCDC converter circuit 5, and further affects the stability of the final output voltage of the converter, so it is necessary to collect not only the input and output voltage parameters, but also the voltage parameters in the working process of the converter. In addition, when the DCDC converter fails, the problem point of the circuit can be judged in an auxiliary mode according to the intermediate voltage parameter.
Further, the main controller 1 adopts a neural network-PID control, that is, an artificial neural network is introduced into the traditional PID control, so that certain defects of the PID regulator can be solved, for example, parameters are difficult to adjust on line and in time, and certain complex processes and parameter time-varying systems are difficult to control effectively. The neural network technology is combined with PID control, namely the neural network has strong expression capability and self-learning capability, and the parameters of the PID controller are adjusted on line and in time according to specific optimal indexes so as to adapt to the change of the parameters and the structure of a controlled object and the change of an input reference signal and avoid the influence of external disturbance.
And the input end of the PFC controller 2 is connected with the main controller 1, and the output end of the PFC controller is connected with the first pulse width modulation point and the second pulse width modulation point of the PFC circuit 4 and used for adjusting the pulse width of the PFC circuit 4 according to the control signal. The pulse width modulation is an analog control mode, and the bias of a transistor base electrode or an MOS tube grid electrode is modulated according to the change of corresponding load to change the conduction time of the transistor or the MOS tube, so that the change of the output of the switching voltage-stabilized power supply is realized. Pulse width modulation enables the output voltage of a power supply to remain constant as operating conditions change, is a very efficient technique for controlling analog circuits using digital signals from a microprocessor, and is widely used in many fields ranging from measurement, communications to power control and conversion. The main controller 1 collects and processes input and output voltages to send out control signals, the control signals at the moment are in the form of voltage signals, the PFC controller 2 selects a DSP chip, digital signal conversion and processing are carried out on the control signals sent by the main controller 1, the converted control signals carry out pulse width modulation on the PFC circuit 4, stable output voltages are finally obtained, and a good foundation is provided for a subsequent DCDC circuit to carry out direct-current voltage conversion.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a PFC circuit 4 and a DCDC conversion circuit 5 according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the PFC circuit 4 employs an LCL resonant push-pull circuit, resonance is generated by a resonant inductor, a resonant capacitor and a transformer leakage inductor, and a first pulse width modulation circuit (PWM1) and a second pulse width modulation circuit (PWM2) are complementarily turned on. Soft-Switching (Soft-Switching) is a relatively Hard-Switching (Hard-Switching). Soft switching is a switching process that uses soft switching technology. The ideal soft switching process is that the current or voltage drops to zero and the voltage or current slowly rises to the off-state value, so the switching loss is approximately zero. The soft switch can realize high frequency of the power conversion device. Meanwhile, the change rate of voltage and current in the switching process is limited in the resonance process, so that the switching noise is reduced. Therefore, in order to better realize soft switching to improve the efficiency of the converter, the frequency of complementary conduction of the duty ratios of the first pulse width modulation circuit (PWM1) and the second pulse width modulation circuit (PWM2) is controlled to be even times of the resonant frequency, and the resonant realization process is as follows:
(1) PWM1 is ON, PWM2 is OFF: resonant inductor (Lr), resonant capacitor (Cr) and transformer (T)1、T2) Leakage inductance generates resonance, resonance current starts to rise from 0, and the first pulse width modulation circuit is switched on at zero voltage to realize soft switching.
(2) PWM1 is off, PWM2 is off: transformer (T)1、T2) The primary side current drops to 0, the leakage inductance charges and discharges the switch tube junction capacitance, the secondary side current drops to 0 and then increases reversely, and the transformer (T)1、T2) The secondary side voltage is reversed. Simultaneous transformer (T)1、T2) The primary voltage is clamped to the input value so that the DC12, DC22 voltages are 0, providing for zero voltage turn-on of the second pwm circuit.
(3) PWM1 is turned off, PWM2 is turned on: the second pulse width modulation circuit is switched on at zero voltage, and the resonant inductor (Lr), the resonant capacitor (Cr) and the transformer (T) are connected with the resonant capacitor (Cr)1、T2) The leakage inductance produces resonance.
(4) PWM1 is off, PWM2 is off: transformer (T)1、T2) The primary side current drops to 0, the leakage inductance charges and discharges the switch tube junction capacitance, the secondary side current drops to 0 and then increases reversely, and the transformer (T)1、T2) The secondary voltage reverses again. Simultaneous transformer (T)1、T2) Primary side voltageIs clamped to the input value so that the DC11, DC21 voltage is 0, creating conditions for the first pulse width modulation circuit to be zero voltage on.
And the input end of the DCDC conversion controller 3 is connected with the main controller 1, and the output end of the DCDC conversion controller is connected with the third pulse width modulation circuit of the DCDC conversion circuit 5 and used for adjusting the pulse width of the DCDC conversion circuit 5 according to the control signal. The DCDC conversion controller 3 selects a DSP chip, performs digital signal conversion box processing on the control signal sent by the main controller 1, and adjusts the pulse width of the DCDC conversion circuit 5 according to the converted control signal. Thus, the main controller 1 coordinately controls the PFC controller 2 and the DCDC conversion controller 3, and further adjusts the pulse widths of the PFC circuit 4 and the DCDC conversion circuit 5, namely, the influence of the input and output voltages on a single circuit is considered, the influence of the input and output voltages on the cross-linking of the two circuits is considered, the pulse widths of the two circuits are coordinated uniformly, the high efficiency is achieved, and the more stable output voltage can be obtained.
And the input end of the DCDC conversion circuit 5 is connected with the PFC circuit 4 and used for realizing voltage conversion, a BOOST circuit is adopted, and a filter inductor is introduced into the BOOST circuit. The ripple current or the voltage refers to a higher harmonic component in the current, which may cause a change in the amplitude of the current or the voltage, and may cause a breakdown. Therefore, a lower ripple current is very beneficial to the capacitor lifetime and the stability of the output voltage. The filter inductor is introduced on the basis of a conventional BOOST circuit, so that the DCDC input ripple current can be effectively reduced.
Further, the BOOST circuit operates in DCM. Dcm (discontinuous Conduction mode) is discontinuous Conduction mode, and the inductor current always reaches 0 during the switching period, meaning that the inductor is properly "reset", i.e. when the power switch is closed, the inductor current is zero. The BOOST circuit has two operating modes: CCM (continuous mode) and DCM (discontinuous mode); the system in the CCM mode is a fourth-order system, a characteristic equation of a transfer function of the system has a conjugate complex root of a negative real part, and the system has damped oscillation; the system in the DCM mode is a three-order system, the roots of the characteristic equation of the transfer function are all negative real roots, and the system is stable. In addition, the system works in a DCM mode and has the characteristics of low power consumption and high conversion efficiency.
Further, the transformers of the DCDC conversion circuit 5 are connected in series by using double transformers. The transformer uses the sum of the secondary leakage inductances of the two transformers as the series resonance inductance, no additional inductance is needed, and the advantage of a single transformer circuit is kept. In addition, the method has the advantages that: the turn ratio of the transformer is reduced to half of that of the original single transformer, when the input voltage is fixed, the secondary voltage is reduced to half of that of the original single transformer, and the voltage obtained after the secondary is connected in series is equal to the original voltage. Because the turn ratio is reduced, the coupling problem of the primary and the secondary is better solved, and the loss is reduced. When the output power is fixed, the current flowing through the switching tube and the primary side of the transformer is reduced by half. Therefore, the conduction loss of a single switch tube and the primary copper loss of a single transformer are reduced to 1/4, the conduction loss of all switch tubes and the primary copper loss of all transformers are also reduced to half of the original losses, and the efficiency is effectively improved.
The embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. The same and similar parts among the various embodiments can be mutually referred, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, mechanically or electrically connected, or may be communicated between two elements, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the relevant art according to specific situations. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a circuit structure, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such article or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of an element identified by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in the article or device comprising the element. Relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A DCDC converter, the converter comprising: the device comprises a main controller, a PFC circuit, a DCDC conversion controller and a DCDC conversion circuit;
the main controller is used for collecting voltage parameters input and output by the converter, performing control operation on the voltage parameters according to a preset reference voltage, and then sending out a control signal;
the input end of the PFC controller is connected with the main controller, and the output end of the PFC controller is connected with a first pulse width modulation circuit and a second pulse width modulation circuit of the PFC circuit and used for adjusting the pulse width of the PFC circuit according to the control signal;
the input end of the DCDC conversion controller is connected with the main controller, and the output end of the DCDC conversion controller is connected with a third pulse width modulation circuit of the DCDC conversion circuit and used for adjusting the pulse width of the DCDC conversion circuit according to the control signal;
the PFC circuit adopts a push-pull circuit of LCL resonance and is used for realizing soft switching;
and the input end of the DCDC conversion circuit is connected with the PFC circuit and used for realizing voltage conversion, a BOOST circuit is adopted, and a filter inductor is introduced into the BOOST circuit.
2. The DCDC converter of claim 1, the master controller further configured to:
the voltage parameter acquisition device is used for acquiring voltage parameters in the working process of the converter.
3. The DCDC converter of claim 1, the BOOST circuit operating in DCM.
4. The DCDC converter of claim 1, wherein the transformers of the DCDC conversion circuit are connected in series by two transformers.
5. The DCDC converter of claim 1, the master controller employing neural network-PID control.
6. The DCDC converter of claim 1, wherein the PFC circuit is configured with two PWM circuits in parallel, and the two PWM circuits are complementary.
CN202010183796.4A 2020-03-16 2020-03-16 DCDC converter Pending CN111277137A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112532054A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-03-19 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 System, method and medium for automatically adjusting voltage regulator

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CN109687720A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-04-26 南京航空航天大学 A kind of wide input voltage range resonant type converter apparatus and its control method
CN110086354A (en) * 2019-05-09 2019-08-02 江苏理工学院 Single-phase double push-pull booster circuit and step-up method based on silicon carbide MOSFET
CN110800677A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-18 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 Underwater invisible blocking net device with distributed high-power supply modules

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101753035A (en) * 2009-10-16 2010-06-23 南京航空航天大学 Combined type push-pull straight convertor
CN102291035A (en) * 2011-07-22 2011-12-21 上海交通大学 Alternating-current push-pull inversion-matrix rectification step-down circuit
CN102291020A (en) * 2011-07-22 2011-12-21 上海交通大学 Alternating-current push-pull conversion-single-diode rectification AC-DC (alternating current-to-direct current) converter
CN105337505A (en) * 2015-11-12 2016-02-17 深圳市泰昂能源科技股份有限公司 DC/DC conversion circuit and power supply device
CN109687720A (en) * 2018-11-23 2019-04-26 南京航空航天大学 A kind of wide input voltage range resonant type converter apparatus and its control method
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CN110800677A (en) * 2019-11-29 2020-02-18 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 Underwater invisible blocking net device with distributed high-power supply modules

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112532054A (en) * 2020-11-12 2021-03-19 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 System, method and medium for automatically adjusting voltage regulator

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