CN107659155B - Bidirectional DC converter and bidirectional DC conversion control method - Google Patents
Bidirectional DC converter and bidirectional DC conversion control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107659155B CN107659155B CN201710680689.0A CN201710680689A CN107659155B CN 107659155 B CN107659155 B CN 107659155B CN 201710680689 A CN201710680689 A CN 201710680689A CN 107659155 B CN107659155 B CN 107659155B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
Abstract
The invention provides a bidirectional direct current converter and a bidirectional direct current conversion control method, wherein the bidirectional direct current converter comprises a first chopping unit, a second chopping unit, a transformer, a voltage detection unit and a control unit, wherein the second chopping unit is connected to a positive bus and a negative bus; a first capacitor is arranged between the positive bus and the negative bus, a second inductor and a second capacitor are connected in series between a middle tap of a secondary winding of the transformer and the negative bus, and two ends of the second capacitor are connected to a second external terminal; when energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal, the control unit adjusts the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal output to the control end of the first chopping unit according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value. The invention can ensure that the bidirectional DC converter can ensure high-efficiency energy transmission when having a larger transmission ratio variation range.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of dc converters, and more particularly, to a bidirectional dc converter and a bidirectional dc conversion control method.
background
With the continuous development of electric automobiles and automation industries, more and more application occasions require the realization of bidirectional energy transmission. Bidirectional energy transfer can be achieved by two unidirectional power converters, but this approach has low power density and low reliability, and therefore bidirectional power converters have come into use.
compared with the traditional unidirectional power converter, the bidirectional power converter improves the power density, but the efficiency and other characteristics of the bidirectional power converter are reduced. Based on this, a bidirectional power converter with high efficiency and high power density is one of the key points of research in the power supply industry today.
as shown in fig. 1, the circuit topology of the conventional Buck/Boost (Buck/Boost) converter is shown, and the Buck/Boost converter adopts a Buck (Buck) topology during Buck, that is, the switching tube Q2 is kept off, and the switching tube Q1, the inductor L1 and the capacitor C2 driven by PWM (pulse width modulation) waves step down the voltage V1 to the voltage V2 for output; during boosting, a Boost (Boost) topology is adopted, namely, the switching tube Q1 is kept conductive, and the switching tube Q2, the inductor L1 and the capacitor C2 driven by the PWM wave Boost the voltage V2 into a voltage V1 for output. Although the buck/boost converter can realize bidirectional energy transmission, the converter belongs to a non-isolated converter, and can only realize one of boosting or buck in a single direction, and cannot realize both buck and boost in the single direction, so that the application occasion is limited.
Fig. 2 shows a circuit topology diagram of a conventional two-stage bidirectional converter. One of the two-stage bidirectional converter is a Buck/Boost (Buck/Boost) non-isolated structure (comprising an inductor L1, switching tubes Q1, Q2 and a capacitor C3), and the other stage is an isolated structure (comprising an isolated converter). The Buck/Boost of a two-stage bidirectional converter is typically implemented by Buck/Boost non-isolated structural stages. However, the bidirectional converter adopts a two-stage structure, so that the bidirectional converter has a large volume and is not beneficial to improving the power density.
Fig. 3 shows a circuit topology diagram of a two-stage bidirectional converter with a conventional dual-active structure. Both ends of the bidirectional converter are chopper circuits (a chopper circuit consisting of switching tubes Q1-Q4 and a chopper circuit consisting of switching tubes Q5-Q8), and direct current sources on two capacitors C1 and C2 are converted into alternating current sources through the chopper circuits to act on an inductor L1, so that energy transmission is formed. However, the efficiency of the bidirectional converter is seriously reduced when the voltage transmission ratio has a large variation range.
fig. 4 shows a circuit topology diagram of a bidirectional converter having a conventional double-sided bidirectional resonant structure. Both ends of the bidirectional converter are chopper circuits (a chopper circuit consisting of switching tubes Q1-Q4 and a chopper circuit consisting of switching tubes Q5-Q8), and the bidirectional converter comprises resonant cavities (a resonant cavity consisting of an inductor L1, an L3 and a capacitor C3 and a resonant cavity consisting of an inductor L2, an inductor L4 and a capacitor C4) which are positioned at both sides of a transformer T, and the bidirectional converter is of a typical LLC series resonant structure in forward and reverse operation and can realize soft switching in a full range. However, the efficiency of the bidirectional converter is also seriously reduced when the voltage transmission ratio is in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a new bidirectional dc converter and a bidirectional dc conversion control method, aiming at the problem that the efficiency of the bidirectional converter is seriously reduced when the voltage transmission ratio variation range is large.
The invention provides a bidirectional dc converter, which includes a first chopper unit, a second chopper unit, a transformer and a control unit, wherein a first side of the first chopper unit is connected to a first external terminal, and a second side of the first chopper unit is connected to a first side winding of the transformer via a first inductor; the first side of the second chopping unit is connected to the second side winding of the transformer, and the second side of the second chopping unit is connected to the positive bus and the negative bus; a first capacitor is arranged between the positive bus and the negative bus, a second inductor and a second capacitor are connected in series between a middle tap of a secondary winding of the transformer and the negative bus, and two ends of the second capacitor are connected to a second external terminal; the bidirectional DC converter further comprises a voltage detection unit for detecting the voltage of the second external terminal; the control unit is connected to the control ends of the first chopping unit and the second chopping unit, and when energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal, the control unit adjusts the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal output to the control end of the first chopping unit according to the voltage measured by the voltage detection unit until the voltage measured by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value.
In the bidirectional dc converter of the present invention, the first chopper unit includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, and a fourth switching tube, and the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected in series between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the first external terminal, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected in series between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the first external terminal; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer through the first inductor, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer;
The second chopping unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube, a seventh switching tube and an eighth switching tube, wherein the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series, and the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series; the connection point of the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube is connected to the head end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer;
when energy flows from a first external terminal to a second external terminal, the control unit outputs a first modulation signal to the control end of the first switching tube, outputs a second modulation signal to the control end of the second switching tube and the control end of the sixth switching tube, outputs a third modulation signal to the control end of the third switching tube, outputs a fourth modulation signal to the control end of the fourth switching tube and the control end of the eighth switching tube, outputs a fifth modulation signal to the control end of the fifth switching tube, outputs a sixth modulation signal to the control end of the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusts the duty ratio of the first modulation signal according to the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit until the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value; the duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal; the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase; the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal.
In the bidirectional dc converter of the present invention, a duty ratio of the first modulation signal is less than 0.5.
In the bidirectional dc converter of the present invention, the control unit decreases the duty ratio of the first modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is greater than a preset value, and increases the duty ratio of the first modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is less than the preset value.
In the bidirectional dc converter of the present invention, the bidirectional dc converter includes a current detection unit for detecting a second inductance current value;
the first chopping unit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube, wherein the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected between the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the first external terminal in series, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected between the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the first external terminal in series; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer through the first inductor, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer;
The second chopping unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube, a seventh switching tube and an eighth switching tube, wherein the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series, and the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series; the connection point of the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube is connected to the head end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer;
When energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal and the current detected by the current detection unit is greater than or equal to zero, the control unit outputs a first modulation signal to the control end of the first switch tube, outputs a second modulation signal to the control end of the second switch tube and the control end of the sixth switch tube, outputs a third modulation signal to the control end of the third switch tube, outputs a fourth modulation signal to the control end of the fourth switch tube and the control end of the eighth switch tube, outputs a fifth modulation signal to the control end of the fifth switch tube, and outputs a sixth modulation signal to the control end of the seventh switch tube, gradually adjusting the duty ratio of the first modulation signal according to the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit until the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value or the current detected by the current detection unit is less than zero; the duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal; the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase, the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal, and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal;
When energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal and the current detected by the current detection unit is less than zero, the control unit outputs a seventh modulation signal to the first switching tube, the fourth switching tube, the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube, outputs an eighth modulation signal to the second switching tube, the third switching tube, the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusts the duty ratio of the seventh modulation signal according to the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit until the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value; the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal have the same duty ratio, and the phase difference between the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal is 180 degrees.
in the bidirectional dc converter of the present invention, the duty ratio of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal is less than 0.5.
In the bidirectional dc converter according to the present invention, the control unit decreases the duty ratios of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is greater than a preset value, and increases the duty ratios of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is less than the preset value.
the invention also provides a bidirectional direct current conversion control method, which comprises the following steps that when energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal:
Detecting the second external terminal voltage;
Adjusting the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal output to a control end of a first chopping unit according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value; the first side of the first chopping unit is connected to a first external terminal, and the other side of the first chopping unit is connected to a primary winding of the transformer through a first inductor;
Outputting a pulse width modulation signal to a control end of a second chopping unit to enable the second chopping unit to rectify the output of a secondary winding of the transformer into direct-current voltage; wherein the first side of the second chopping unit is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, and the second side of the second chopping unit is connected to the positive bus and the negative bus; a first capacitor is arranged between the positive bus and the negative bus, a second inductor and a second capacitor which are connected in series are arranged between a middle tap of a secondary winding of the transformer and the negative bus, and two ends of the second capacitor are connected to a second external terminal.
in the bidirectional dc conversion control method of the present invention, the first chopper unit includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, and a fourth switching tube, and the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected in series between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the first external terminal, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected in series between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the first external terminal; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer through the first inductor, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer; the second chopping unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube, a seventh switching tube and an eighth switching tube, wherein the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series, and the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series; the connection point of the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube is connected to the head end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer;
the adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal output to the control terminal of the first chopper unit according to the voltage of the second external terminal includes: outputting a first modulation signal to the control end of the first switch tube, outputting a second modulation signal to the control end of the second switch tube and the control end of the sixth switch tube, outputting a third modulation signal to the control end of the third switch tube, outputting a fourth modulation signal to the control end of the fourth switch tube and the control end of the eighth switch tube, outputting a fifth modulation signal to the control end of the fifth switch tube, outputting a sixth modulation signal to the control end of the seventh switch tube, and gradually adjusting the duty ratio of the first modulation signal according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value; the duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal; the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase; the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal.
In the bidirectional dc conversion control method of the present invention, the first chopper unit includes a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube, and a fourth switching tube, and the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected in series between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the first external terminal, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected in series between a negative electrode and a positive electrode of the first external terminal; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer through the first inductor, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer; the second chopping unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube, a seventh switching tube and an eighth switching tube, wherein the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series, and the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series; the connection point of the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube is connected to the head end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer;
The adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal output to the control terminal of the first chopper unit according to the voltage of the second external terminal includes:
detecting a current flowing through the second inductor;
When the current flowing through the second inductor is greater than or equal to zero, the control unit outputs a first modulation signal to the control end of the first switching tube, outputs a second modulation signal to the control end of the second switching tube and the control end of the sixth switching tube, outputs a third modulation signal to the control end of the third switching tube, outputs a fourth modulation signal to the control end of the fourth switching tube and the control end of the eighth switching tube, outputs a fifth modulation signal to the control end of the fifth switching tube, outputs a sixth modulation signal to the control end of the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusts the duty ratio of the first modulation signal according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value or the current flowing through the second inductor is less than zero; the duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal; the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase, the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal, and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal;
When the current flowing through the second inductor is less than zero, the control unit outputs a seventh modulation signal to the first switching tube, the fourth switching tube, the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube, outputs an eighth modulation signal to the second switching tube, the third switching tube, the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusts the duty ratio of the seventh modulation signal according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value; the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal have the same duty ratio, and the phase difference between the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal is 180 degrees.
The bidirectional direct current converter and the bidirectional direct current conversion control method adjust the voltage gain of the bidirectional direct current converter during reverse energy transmission by adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal, so that the bidirectional direct current converter can ensure high-efficiency energy transmission when having a large transmission ratio variation range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit topology diagram of a prior art buck/boost converter;
FIG. 2 is a circuit topology diagram of a prior art two-stage bidirectional converter;
FIG. 3 is a circuit topology diagram of a two-stage bidirectional converter of a prior art dual active configuration;
FIG. 4 is a circuit topology diagram of a prior art bi-directional converter with a double-sided bi-directional resonant structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bidirectional converter embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the wave-generating mode of the bi-directional converter and the corresponding current waveform of the second inductor during the start-up phase;
FIG. 7 shows the wave-generating mode of the bidirectional converter and the corresponding current waveform of the second inductor when the output voltage of the first external terminal reaches a predetermined value;
Fig. 8 is a limp-home plot of the second inductor current when switching from continuous current mode to discontinuous current mode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the bidirectional dc converter of the present invention, which can realize bidirectional energy transmission. The bidirectional dc converter in the present embodiment includes a first chopping unit 51, a second chopping unit 52, a first inductance L1, a second inductance L2, a transformer Tx1, a voltage detection unit, and a control unit, wherein the voltage detection unit is connected to the first external terminal V1DC to detect the voltage of the first external terminal V1 DC; a first side of the first chopping unit 51 is connected to the first external terminal V1DC, and a second side of the first chopping unit 51 is connected to the primary winding of the transformer Tx1 via the first inductor L1; the second chopping unit 52 adopts an H-bridge chopper circuit, and a first side of the second chopping unit 52 is connected to a secondary winding of the transformer Tx1, and a second side of the second chopping unit 52 is connected to a positive bus (+) and a negative bus (-); a first capacitor Cb is arranged between the positive bus and the negative bus, and a second inductor L2 and a second capacitor C which are connected in series are arranged between a middle tap of a secondary winding of the transformer Tx1 and the negative bus2DCAnd a second capacitor C2DCare connected at both endsTo the second external terminal V2 DC. The first capacitor Cb is used for absorbing energy in the chopping process of the second chopping unit 52, so that the positive bus voltage reaches a certain voltage value; second capacitor C2DCFor filtering the direct current input from the second external terminal V2DC when energy is input from the second external terminal V2 DC.
The control unit is connected to the control terminals of the first chopper unit 51 and the second chopper unit 52 to realize chopping control and rectification control. The control unit may specifically include a storage device storing a control instruction and a chip capable of executing the control instruction, and the control instruction is used to continuously adjust the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal output to the control terminal of the first chopper unit 51 according to the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit in real time when the energy flows from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC until the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value.
The first chopper unit 51 adopts an H-bridge chopper circuit, which specifically includes a first switching tube Qp1, a second switching tube Qp2, a third switching tube Qp3, and a fourth switching tube Qp4, wherein the first switching tube Qp1 and the second switching tube Qp2 are connected in series between a negative pole (-) and a positive pole (+) of the first external terminal V1DC, and the third switching tube Qp3 and the fourth switching tube Qp4 are connected in series between a negative pole (-) and a positive pole (+) of the first external terminal V1 DC; the connection point of the first switching tube Qp1 and the second switching tube Qp2 is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer Tx1 via the first inductor L1, and the connection point of the third switching tube Qp3 and the fourth switching tube Qp4 is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer Tx 1.
the second chopper unit 52 also adopts an H-bridge chopper circuit, which specifically includes a fifth switching tube Qs1, a sixth switching tube Qs2, a seventh switching tube Qs3 and an eighth switching tube Qs4, wherein the fifth switching tube Qs1 and the sixth switching tube Qs2 are connected in series between the negative bus and the positive bus, and the seventh switching tube Qs3 and the eighth switching tube Qs4 are connected in series between the negative bus and the positive bus; the connection point of the fifth switching tube Qs1 and the sixth switching tube Qs2 is connected to the head end of the secondary winding of the transformer Tx1, and the connection point of the seventh switching tube Qs3 and the eighth switching tube Qs4 is connected to the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer Tx 2.
Specifically, the first switching tube Qp1, the second switching tube Qp2, the third switching tube Qp3, the fourth switching tube Qp4, the fifth switching tube Qs1, the sixth switching tube Qs2, the seventh switching tube Qs3, and the eighth switching tube Qs4 may be IGBTs (Insulated gate bipolar transistors) or MOSFETs (metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect transistors), or the like.
when the bidirectional dc converter in this embodiment is driven in the forward direction (i.e., energy flows from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC), the control unit controls the voltage gain from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC by using the pulse width and the pulse interval as control variables. In the above control mode, the frequency of the pwm signal may be determined or may be changed (preset as needed). That is, when energy flows from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC, the control unit generates a pulse width modulation signal having a target duty ratio according to a voltage gain from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC and outputs the pulse width modulation signal to the control terminal of the first chopping unit 51, and at the same time, outputs the pulse width modulation signal to the second chopping unit 52, which causes the second chopping unit 52 to perform rectification processing.
when the bidirectional dc converter is driven in the forward direction (i.e., energy flows from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC), the control unit may output a pulse width modulation signal to the first chopper unit 51 and the second chopper unit 52, so that the bidirectional dc converter operates in a Continuous Current Mode (CCM).
specifically, as shown in fig. 6, when the bidirectional dc converter operates in the continuous current mode, the control unit outputs a first modulation signal to the control terminal of the first switching tube Qp1, a second modulation signal to the control terminal of the second switching tube Qp2 and the control terminal of the sixth switching tube Qs2, a third modulation signal to the control terminal of the third switching tube Qp3, a fourth modulation signal to the control terminal of the fourth switching tube Qp4 and the control terminal of the eighth switching tube Qs1, a fifth modulation signal to the control terminal of the fifth switching tube Qs1, and a sixth modulation signal to the control terminal of the seventh switching tube Qs3, and gradually adjusts the duty ratio of the first modulation signal according to the voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit until the voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit reaches a preset value; the duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal (namely, the phase difference is zero); the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase; the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal. In practical applications, the voltage of the second external terminal V2DC may be adjusted by changing the other modulation signal by setting any one of the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal, the fourth modulation signal, the fifth modulation signal, and the sixth modulation signal as an adjustment target.
Open loop input voltage V of a bidirectional DC converter when the converter is operating in continuous current mode1DC(i.e., first external terminal voltage) and an output voltage V2DC(i.e., the second external terminal voltage) substantially satisfies the following equation (1):
Wherein t isonthe pulse width of the first modulation signal is Ts is the period of the first modulation signal, and N is 2 times of the turn ratio of a primary winding and a secondary winding of the transformer.
In particular, to avoid the first external connection terminal V1DC going through, the duty cycle of the first modulation signal is always less than 0.5. The initial value of the duty ratio of the first modulation signal can be set as required, and the larger the voltage gain from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC is, the smaller the initial value of the duty ratio of the first modulation signal is.
When the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is greater than a preset value, the control unit reduces the duty ratio of the first modulation signal; and the control unit increases the duty ratio of the first modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is smaller than a preset value. Similarly, the amplitude of the duty ratio of the first modulation signal adjusted by the control unit each time can be set as required, and the larger the difference between the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit and the preset value is, the larger the modulation amplitude of the duty ratio is.
In addition, when the bidirectional dc converter is driven in the forward direction (i.e., energy flows from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC), the control unit may further output a pulse width modulation signal to the first chopper unit 51 and the second chopper unit 52, so that the bidirectional dc converter operates in a Continuous Current Mode (CCM) and a Discontinuous Current Mode (DCM).
Specifically, when the bidirectional dc converter operates in the continuous current mode and the discontinuous current mode, the bidirectional dc converter further includes a current detection unit for detecting a second inductor current value. When the current detected by the current detecting unit is greater than or equal to zero (always greater than zero), the control unit enables the bidirectional direct current converter to work in a continuous current mode, namely, a first modulation signal is output to the control end of the first switching tube Qp1, a second modulation signal is output to the control end of the second switching tube Qp2 and the control end of the sixth switching tube Qs2, a third modulation signal is output to the control end of the third switching tube Qp3, a fourth modulation signal is output to the control end of the fourth switching tube Qp4 and the control end of the eighth switching tube Qs1, a fifth modulation signal is output to the control end of the fifth switching tube Qs1, and a sixth modulation signal is output to the control end of the seventh switching tube Qs3, and the duty ratio of the first modulation signal is gradually adjusted according to the voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit until the voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit reaches a preset value; the duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal (namely, the phase difference is zero); the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase; the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal.
Once the current detected by the current detecting unit is less than zero, the control unit switches the bidirectional dc converter to the discontinuous current mode (the second inductor current before and after switching is shown in fig. 8), as shown in fig. 7, outputs a seventh modulation signal to the first switch tube Qp1, the fourth switch tube Qp4, the fifth switch tube Qs1 and the eighth switch tube Qs4, outputs an eighth modulation signal to the second switch tube Qp2, the third switch tube Qp3, the sixth switch tube Qs2 and the seventh switch tube Qs3, and gradually adjusts the duty ratio of the seventh modulation signal according to the voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit until the voltage detected by the voltage detecting unit reaches a preset value; the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal have the same duty ratio, and the phase difference between the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal is 180 degrees. Similarly, the voltage of the first external connection terminal V1DC may be adjusted by changing the seventh modulation signal according to the eighth modulation signal to be adjusted.
open-loop input voltage V of a bidirectional DC converter when the converter is operating in discontinuous current mode1DC(i.e., first external terminal voltage) and an output voltage V2DC(i.e., the second external terminal voltage) substantially satisfies the following equation (2):
where Ro is the equivalent resistance of the load connected to the second external terminal, and L is the inductance of the second inductor.
Similarly, to avoid the first external connection terminal V1DC going through, the duty ratios of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal are always less than 0.5. And the initial value of the duty cycle of the seventh modulation signal is the duty cycle of the first modulation signal before switching. The control unit reduces the duty ratio of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is greater than a preset value, and increases the duty ratio of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is less than the preset value.
the invention also provides a bidirectional direct current conversion control method, which comprises the following steps that when energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal:
detecting a second external terminal voltage;
Adjusting the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal output to the control end of the first chopping unit according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value; the first side of the first chopping unit is connected to a first external terminal, and the other side of the first chopping unit is connected to a primary winding of the transformer through a first inductor;
Outputting a pulse width modulation signal to a control end of a second chopping unit to enable the second chopping unit to rectify the output of a secondary winding of the transformer into direct-current voltage; the first side of the second chopping unit is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, and the second side of the second chopping unit is connected to the positive bus and the negative bus; a first capacitor is arranged between the positive bus and the negative bus, a second inductor and a second capacitor which are connected in series are arranged between a middle tap of a secondary winding of the transformer and the negative bus, and two ends of the second capacitor are connected to a second external terminal.
The first chopping unit and the second chopping unit can respectively adopt an H-bridge chopper circuit, namely the first chopping unit comprises a first switch tube, a second switch tube, a third switch tube and a fourth switch tube, the first switch tube and the second switch tube are connected in series between the cathode and the anode of the first external terminal, and the third switch tube and the fourth switch tube are connected in series between the cathode and the anode of the first external terminal; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer through the first inductor, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer; the second chopping unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube, a seventh switching tube and an eighth switching tube, wherein the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series, and the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series; the connection point of the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube is connected to the head end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer.
when controlling the energy to flow from the first external terminal to the second external terminal, the bidirectional DC converter can always work in a continuous current mode, i.e. when the duty cycle of the pulse width modulated signal output to the control terminal of the first chopping unit is adjusted in dependence on the second external terminal voltage, outputting a first modulation signal to the control end of the first switch tube, outputting a second modulation signal to the control end of the second switch tube and the control end of the sixth switch tube, outputting a third modulation signal to the control end of the third switch tube, outputting a fourth modulation signal to the control end of the fourth switch tube and the control end of the eighth switch tube, outputting a fifth modulation signal to the control end of the fifth switch tube, and outputting a sixth modulation signal to the control end of the seventh switch tube, and gradually adjusting the duty ratio of the first modulation signal according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value. The duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal; the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase; the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal.
when the bidirectional dc converter is in the continuous current mode, the duty ratio of the first modulation signal is always less than 0.5 to prevent the first external connection terminal V1DC from being connected directly. The initial value of the duty ratio of the first modulation signal can be set as required, and the larger the voltage gain from the first external terminal V1DC to the second external terminal V2DC is, the smaller the initial value of the duty ratio of the first modulation signal is. When the duty ratio is adjusted, if the voltage of the second external terminal is greater than a preset value, the duty ratio of the first modulation signal is reduced; and if the voltage of the second external terminal is smaller than a preset value, increasing the duty ratio of the first modulation signal. And, the amplitude of the duty cycle of adjusting the first modulation signal every time can be set as required, generally, the larger the difference between the second external terminal voltage and the preset value is, the larger the modulation amplitude of the duty cycle is.
In addition, when controlling the energy to flow from the first external terminal to the second external terminal, the bidirectional dc converter can be always operated in a continuous current mode and an intermittent current mode, that is, when the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal output to the control terminal of the first chopper unit is adjusted according to the voltage of the second external terminal, the current flowing through the second inductor needs to be detected. When the current flowing through the second inductor is greater than or equal to zero, first, a first modulation signal is output to the control end of the first switching tube, a second modulation signal is output to the control end of the second switching tube and the control end of the sixth switching tube, a third modulation signal is output to the control end of the third switching tube, a fourth modulation signal is output to the control end of the fourth switching tube and the control end of the eighth switching tube, a fifth modulation signal is output to the control end of the fifth switching tube, a sixth modulation signal is output to the control end of the seventh switching tube, and the duty ratio of the first modulation signal is gradually adjusted according to the voltage measured by the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value or the current flowing through the second inductor is less than zero. The duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal; the second modulation signal has the same phase as the third modulation signal, the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal, and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal.
And once the current flowing through the second inductor is detected to be less than zero, switching to an interrupted current mode, outputting a seventh modulation signal to the first switching tube, the fourth switching tube, the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube, outputting an eighth modulation signal to the second switching tube, the third switching tube, the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusting the duty ratio of the seventh modulation signal according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value. The duty ratios of the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal is 180 degrees.
similarly, to avoid the first external connection terminal V1DC going through, the duty ratios of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal are always less than 0.5. And the initial value of the duty cycle of the seventh modulation signal is the duty cycle of the first modulation signal before switching. The control unit reduces the duty ratio of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal when the voltage of the second external terminal is larger than a preset value, and increases the duty ratio of the first modulation signal and the seventh modulation signal when the voltage of the second external terminal is smaller than the preset value.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A bidirectional direct current converter comprises a first chopping unit, a second chopping unit, a transformer and a control unit, wherein a first side of the first chopping unit is connected to a first external terminal, and a second side of the first chopping unit is connected to a first side winding of the transformer through a first inductor; the method is characterized in that: the first side of the second chopping unit is connected to the second side winding of the transformer, and the second side of the second chopping unit is connected to the positive bus and the negative bus; a first capacitor is arranged between the positive bus and the negative bus, a second inductor and a second capacitor are connected in series between a middle tap of a secondary winding of the transformer and the negative bus, and two ends of the second capacitor are connected to a second external terminal; the bidirectional DC converter further comprises a voltage detection unit for detecting the voltage of the second external terminal; the control unit is connected to the control ends of the first chopping unit and the second chopping unit, and when energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal, the control unit adjusts the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal output to the control end of the first chopping unit according to the voltage measured by the voltage detection unit until the voltage measured by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value; the first chopping unit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube, wherein the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected between the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the first external terminal in series, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected between the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the first external terminal in series; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer through the first inductor, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer; the second chopping unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube, a seventh switching tube and an eighth switching tube, wherein the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series, and the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series; the connection point of the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube is connected to the head end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer;
When energy flows from a first external terminal to a second external terminal, the control unit outputs a first modulation signal to the control end of the first switching tube, outputs a second modulation signal to the control end of the second switching tube and the control end of the sixth switching tube, outputs a third modulation signal to the control end of the third switching tube, outputs a fourth modulation signal to the control end of the fourth switching tube and the control end of the eighth switching tube, outputs a fifth modulation signal to the control end of the fifth switching tube, outputs a sixth modulation signal to the control end of the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusts the duty ratio of the first modulation signal according to the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit until the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value; the duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal; the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase; the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal, and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal;
Or, the bidirectional dc converter includes a current detection unit for detecting a second inductor current value, when energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal and a current detected by the current detection unit is greater than or equal to zero, the control unit outputs a seventh modulation signal to the control terminal of the first switching tube, outputs an eighth modulation signal to the control terminal of the second switching tube and the control terminal of the sixth switching tube, outputs a ninth modulation signal to the control terminal of the third switching tube, outputs a tenth modulation signal to the control terminal of the fourth switching tube and the control terminal of the eighth switching tube, outputs an eleventh modulation signal to the control terminal of the fifth switching tube, outputs a twelfth modulation signal to the control terminal of the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusts a duty ratio of the seventh modulation signal according to a voltage detected by the voltage detection unit, until the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value or the current detected by the current detection unit is less than zero; the duty ratios of the seventh modulation signal, the eighth modulation signal, the ninth modulation signal and the tenth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the tenth modulation signal; the eighth modulation signal has the same phase as a ninth modulation signal, the eleventh modulation signal is complementary to an eighth modulation signal, and the twelfth modulation signal is complementary to a seventh modulation signal; when energy flows from the first external terminal to the second external terminal and the current detected by the current detection unit is less than zero, the control unit outputs a thirteenth modulation signal to the first switching tube, the fourth switching tube, the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube, outputs a fourteenth modulation signal to the second switching tube, the third switching tube, the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusts the duty ratio of the thirteenth modulation signal according to the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit until the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit reaches a preset value; the duty ratio of the thirteenth modulation signal is the same as that of the fourteenth modulation signal, and the phase difference between the thirteenth modulation signal and the fourteenth modulation signal is 180 degrees.
2. the bi-directional dc converter of claim 1, wherein: the duty cycle of the first modulation signal is less than 0.5.
3. The bi-directional dc converter of claim 1, wherein: the control unit reduces the duty ratio of the first modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is greater than a preset value, and increases the duty ratio of the first modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is less than the preset value.
4. The bi-directional dc converter of claim 1, wherein: the duty cycle of the seventh modulation signal and the thirteenth modulation signal is less than 0.5.
5. the bi-directional dc converter of claim 1, wherein: the control unit reduces the duty ratio of the seventh modulation signal and the thirteenth modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is greater than a preset value, and increases the duty ratio of the seventh modulation signal and the thirteenth modulation signal when the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit is less than the preset value.
6. a bidirectional DC conversion control method is characterized by comprising the following steps when energy flows from a first external terminal to a second external terminal:
detecting the second external terminal voltage;
Adjusting the duty ratio of a pulse width modulation signal output to a control end of a first chopping unit according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value; the first side of the first chopping unit is connected to a first external terminal, and the other side of the first chopping unit is connected to a primary winding of a transformer through a first inductor;
outputting a pulse width modulation signal to a control end of a second chopping unit to enable the second chopping unit to rectify the output of a secondary winding of the transformer into direct-current voltage; wherein the first side of the second chopping unit is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, and the second side of the second chopping unit is connected to the positive bus and the negative bus; a first capacitor is arranged between the positive bus and the negative bus, a second inductor and a second capacitor which are connected in series are arranged between a middle tap of a secondary winding of the transformer and the negative bus, and two ends of the second capacitor are connected to a second external terminal;
The first chopping unit comprises a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third switching tube and a fourth switching tube, wherein the first switching tube and the second switching tube are connected between the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the first external terminal in series, and the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube are connected between the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the first external terminal in series; the connection point of the first switching tube and the second switching tube is connected to the head end of the primary winding of the transformer through the first inductor, and the connection point of the third switching tube and the fourth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the primary winding of the transformer; the second chopping unit comprises a fifth switching tube, a sixth switching tube, a seventh switching tube and an eighth switching tube, wherein the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series, and the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube are connected between the negative bus and the positive bus in series; the connection point of the fifth switching tube and the sixth switching tube is connected to the head end of the secondary winding of the transformer, and the connection point of the seventh switching tube and the eighth switching tube is connected to the tail end of the secondary winding of the transformer;
the adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal output to the control terminal of the first chopper unit according to the voltage of the second external terminal includes: outputting a first modulation signal to a control end of the first switch tube, outputting a second modulation signal to a control end of the second switch tube and a control end of the sixth switch tube, outputting a third modulation signal to a control end of the third switch tube, outputting a fourth modulation signal to a control end of the fourth switch tube and a control end of the eighth switch tube, outputting a fifth modulation signal to a control end of the fifth switch tube, outputting a sixth modulation signal to a control end of the seventh switch tube, and gradually adjusting a duty ratio of the first modulation signal according to a voltage of a second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value; the duty ratios of the first modulation signal, the second modulation signal, the third modulation signal and the fourth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the first modulation signal and the second modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the fourth modulation signal; the second modulation signal and the third modulation signal have the same phase; the fifth modulation signal is complementary to the second modulation signal, and the sixth modulation signal is complementary to the first modulation signal;
Or, the adjusting the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal output to the control terminal of the first chopper unit according to the second external terminal voltage includes:
Detecting a current flowing through the second inductor;
When the current flowing through the second inductor is greater than or equal to zero, outputting a seventh modulation signal to the control end of the first switching tube, outputting an eighth modulation signal to the control end of the second switching tube and the control end of the sixth switching tube, outputting a ninth modulation signal to the control end of the third switching tube, outputting a tenth modulation signal to the control end of the fourth switching tube and the control end of the eighth switching tube, outputting an eleventh modulation signal to the control end of the fifth switching tube, outputting a twelfth modulation signal to the control end of the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusting the duty ratio of the seventh modulation signal according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value or the current flowing through the second inductor is less than zero; the duty ratios of the seventh modulation signal, the eighth modulation signal, the ninth modulation signal and the tenth modulation signal are the same, and the phase difference between the seventh modulation signal and the eighth modulation signal is 180 degrees and has the same phase as the tenth modulation signal; the eighth modulation signal has the same phase as a ninth modulation signal, the eleventh modulation signal is complementary to an eighth modulation signal, and the twelfth modulation signal is complementary to a seventh modulation signal;
When the current flowing through the second inductor is less than zero, outputting a thirteenth modulation signal to the first switching tube, the fourth switching tube, the fifth switching tube and the eighth switching tube, and outputting a fourteenth modulation signal to the second switching tube, the third switching tube, the sixth switching tube and the seventh switching tube, and gradually adjusting the duty ratio of the thirteenth modulation signal according to the voltage of the second external terminal until the voltage of the second external terminal reaches a preset value; the duty ratio of the thirteenth modulation signal is the same as that of the fourteenth modulation signal, and the phase difference between the thirteenth modulation signal and the fourteenth modulation signal is 180 degrees.
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Address after: 215000 52 tianedang Road, Yuexi, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Suzhou Huichuan United Power System Co.,Ltd. Address before: 215000 52 tianedang Road, Yuexi, Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: SUZHOU HUICHUAN UNITED POWER SYSTEM Co.,Ltd. |