CN112490667A - High-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna - Google Patents
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
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Abstract
The high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna comprises two symmetrically-placed folding short-circuit dipole antenna units and a dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator, wherein the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units are respectively positioned on two sides of the grounding metal isolator and are axially symmetrical about a central connecting line of a vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator, and the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units share one rectangular dielectric substrate. The invention utilizes the dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator to improve the port isolation of the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units to be more than 20dB, utilizes the planar dipole antenna as a basic antenna structure, folds the two arms of the dipole antenna and short-circuits the two arms through the metalized through holes, expands the bandwidth of the antenna, improves the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna and improves the far-field radiation efficiency of the antenna. The invention reduces the complexity of the antenna, expands the bandwidth, has uniform energy radiation and improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and relates to a high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna.
Background
With the falling of 5G wireless mobile communication technology, people rely more and more on wireless mobile communication systems. The 5G wireless mobile communication system, which has characteristics of large capacity, high speed and ultra-short delay, is greatly different from the 4G wireless mobile communication system in terms of network structure, key technology, and the like. Although the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology has been applied to a 4G wireless mobile communication system, the number of MIMO antenna units in a 5G communication system will be greatly increased, the number of antennas for completing the same data transmission task at the transmitting end and the receiving end is up to several hundred, and the number of independent paths for realizing simultaneous data transmission also reaches several hundred, such a MIMO antenna technology is called a massive MIMO technology.
Although the number of the unit antennas in the massive MIMO antenna system is larger, the structure of the antennas is more complicated, and the unit antennas will also present three-dimensional or more-dimensional spatial distribution. However, the main problems involved in the method are to reduce the correlation between the unit antennas, i.e. reduce the energy coupling between the unit antenna ports, reduce the geometrical size of the MIMO antenna, and the like, and the same problems are faced in the design of the MIMO antenna in the 4G system. The diversity technique is as follows: polarization diversity, frequency diversity, pattern diversity and space diversity are still the main technologies utilized in the design process of the MIMO antenna of the 5G wireless mobile communication system.
A plurality of related documents have been published about a planar MIMO antenna applied to a wireless mobile communication system, in which a large number of antenna structures are applied; there are microstrip patch antennas, microstrip slot antennas, single plane antennas, etc. Techniques that can improve the isolation between the ports of the unit antennas in the MIMO system include adding metal isolation structures, i.e., grounded metal structures or ungrounded metal structures, using EBG structures, DGS structures, electromagnetic super-surface structures, diversity techniques, adding coupling energy neutralizing structures, and the like. The diversity technology mainly reduces the correlation among the antennas by isolating certain characteristic parameters of the unit antennas, for example, the polarization diversity technology is to orthogonally polarize the directions among the antennas through geometric configuration, optimize the main polarization and cross polarization ratio of the antennas, realize the polarization direction isolation among two or more unit antennas, and finally improve the isolation degree. While most other techniques increase the independence in the unit antennas by mainly canceling out or reducing the wireless or wired electromagnetic energy transmission paths between the unit antennas.
In addition to the unique correlation, isolation issues involved in MIMO antennas, antenna bandwidth, radiation efficiency and radiation pattern will also be of concern for Massive MIMO antennas. On the premise of ensuring that the correlation among the unit antennas meets the requirement, the characteristics are optimized as much as possible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of complex structure, narrow bandwidth, high radiation directivity, low radiation efficiency and the like of the MIMO antenna of the 5G wireless mobile communication system in the prior art, and provides the high-isolation symmetrical folded short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna, which reduces the complexity of the antenna, expands the bandwidth, enables energy to be radiated uniformly and improves the radiation efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
the high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna comprises two symmetrically-placed folding short-circuit dipole antenna units and a dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator, wherein the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units are respectively positioned on two sides of the grounding metal isolator and are axially symmetrical about a central connecting line of a vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator, and the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units share one rectangular dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the folded short-circuit dipole antenna unit comprises a semi-closed rectangular metal structure positioned on the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate, the inner sides of the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are connected with vertical metal arms, and rectangular metalized through holes are formed in the connection positions; the two vertical metal arms are respectively connected with the vertical metal arms of the metal grounding plate through the rectangular metalized through holes, and the metal grounding plate and the vertical metal arms thereof are arranged on the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate; the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is characterized in that a non-metalized through hole is formed in the middle of a vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure, a circular non-metal area is machined on the metal grounding plate, and the circle centers of the circular non-metal area and the non-metalized circular through hole are overlapped.
Preferably, the upper and lower horizontal arms and the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are made of three metal patches with equal width.
Preferably, the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is vertically symmetrical by taking a horizontal center line of the rectangular dielectric substrate as an axis.
Preferably, the length of the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate is equal to the distance between the inner edge of the horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure and the outer edge of the metal grounding plate; the length of a vertical metal arm connected with the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is greater than that of the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate and less than half of that of the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure.
Preferably, the distance between the vertical metal arm connected with the upper and lower horizontal arms of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure and the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is equal to the distance between the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate and the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure.
Preferably, two rectangular metalized through holes are formed in two sides of the center of the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator, and the two rectangular metalized through holes connect the grounding metal isolator with the metal grounding plates of the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units.
Preferably, the distance between the metal grounding plates of the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units is equal to the width of the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator.
Preferably, the vertical arm of the grounded metal isolator has the same arm width as the horizontal arms connected to the two ends of the vertical arm, and the vertical arm of the grounded metal isolator coincides with the center of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the rectangular dielectric substrate is made of FR4, the relative dielectric constant of the material is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the isolation degree of the ports of the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units is improved to be more than 20dB by utilizing the dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator, the two arms of the dipole antenna are folded by utilizing the planar dipole antenna as a basic antenna structure, and the two arms are short-circuited by utilizing the metalized through holes, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is expanded, the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna is improved, and the far-field radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved. The invention reduces the complexity of the antenna, expands the bandwidth, has uniform energy radiation, improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna and has more excellent comprehensive performance of the antenna.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a two-element MIMO antenna designed according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a two-element MIMO antenna designed according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of a two-element MIMO antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a frequency variation curve of port scattering parameters analyzed by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software according to an embodiment of the present invention, where a curve is a characteristic that reflection coefficients of antenna ports 1 and 2 vary with frequency, and b curve is a characteristic that coupling coefficients between antenna ports 1 and 2 vary with frequency;
FIG. 5 is a graph of remote radiation efficiency versus frequency for the unit antennas 1 and 2 analyzed by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software for an embodiment of the antenna design of the present invention;
fig. 6 shows far-field radiation patterns of the unit antennas 1 and 2 at a frequency f of 3.85GHz, which are analyzed by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software according to an embodiment of the designed antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to solve the problems that the MIMO antenna applied to the latest wireless mobile communication system has a complex structure, low isolation among unit antenna ports, low radiation efficiency, strong directivity of a radiation pattern and is not beneficial to space coverage of wireless signals, the high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna uses the simplest antenna structure planar dipole antenna as a basic antenna unit, and a dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator is additionally arranged between the two unit antennas, so that the broadband two-unit planar MIMO antenna with high port isolation, high radiation efficiency and almost omnidirectional radiation characteristic is realized.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention has two element antennas, element antenna 1, element antenna 2, and a dumbbell-shaped grounded metal isolator 32. The unit antenna 1 and the unit antenna 2 share one rectangular dielectric substrate 10, and all structures of the unit antenna 1 are distributed on the left side of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, and all structures of the unit antenna 2 are distributed on the right side of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10. The unit antenna 1 is composed of a semi-closed rectangular metal structure, namely a first semi-closed rectangular metal structure, which is positioned on the upper surface of a rectangular dielectric substrate 10
A metal structure 21, a first
The inner sides of the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the metal structure 21 are connected with two vertical metal arms 22 and 23, two rectangular metalized through holes 24 and 25 are arranged at the joint, a first grounding vertical metal arm 28 of the first rectangular metalized through hole 25 and the metal ground plate 30 is connected under the first vertical metal arm 22, a second grounding vertical metal arm 29 of the second rectangular metalized through hole 24 and the metal ground plate 30 is connected under the second vertical metal arm 23, and the first rectangular metalized through hole 25 and the metal ground plate 30 are connected under the first vertical metal arm 22
The first non-metalized via hole 27 is arranged in the middle of the vertical arm of the metal structure 21, the first rectangular metal grounding plate 30 is arranged in a half area of the lower surface of the left side of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, and the first circular non-metal area 26 is arranged in the first rectangular metal grounding plate 30. The centers of the first circular non-metallic region 26 and the first non-metallic via 27 coincide.
The unit antenna 2 and the unit antenna 1 are structurally symmetrical with the vertical center line of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 as an axis. A semi-closed rectangular metal structure located in the right region of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10
Of the shaped metal structure 11 and the left region
The rectangular metal structure 21 is symmetrical, the two vertical metal arms 12 and 22 on the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are symmetrical, the two vertical metal arms 13 and 23 are symmetrical, the rectangular metalized through holes 14 and 15 are respectively symmetrical to the rectangular metalized through holes 24 and 25, the metal arms 18 and 19 on the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are respectively symmetrical to the metal arms 28 and 29, the ground plates 20 and 30 on the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are symmetrical, the non-metalized circular through holes 17 and 27 in the feed structure are symmetrical, and the circular non-metal areas 16 and 26 in the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are symmetrical. In summary, the element antenna 2 is completely symmetrical in geometry to the element antenna 1.
The grounded metal isolator 32 located in the middle of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 is dumbbell-shaped, and two rectangular metalized through holes 31 and 33 are formed in the center of the vertical arm. The two rectangular metalized vias 31 and 32 have a smaller width, a length much larger than the width, and a height equal to the thickness of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10. The two rectangular metal ground plates 20 and 30 on the back surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are spaced by a distance just equal to the width of the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator 32. The two rectangular metallized vias 31, 33 connect the grounding metal isolator 32 to the two rectangular metal ground plates 20, 30, such that the grounding metal isolator 32 connects the ground plates of the two unit antennas.
The specific manufacturing process of the antenna of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, first, a rectangular dielectric substrate 10 having a rectangular dielectric plate as an antenna was selected from a composition material FR4 having a length, width and height of 50mm, 30mm and 1.6mm, respectively, and a composition material FR4 having a relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. At the middle position of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, a dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator 32 is printed by using a circuit board printing technology, and the widths of the vertical arm and the tail end two horizontal arms of the dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator 32 are the same and are 2 mm. The length of the vertical arm is 16mm, and the length of the two horizontal arms is the same and is 6 mm. Two rectangular metalized through holes 31 and 32 are processed on two sides of the center of a vertical arm of the dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator 32, the width of each rectangular metalized through hole is 0.4mm, the length of each rectangular metalized through hole is 2mm, the height of each rectangular metalized through hole is 1.6mm, and the long edges of the two rectangular metalized through holes 31 and 32 are connected with the grounding metal isolator 32.
Secondly, printing a vertical metal patch with the length of 24mm and the width of 2mm at a position 9mm away from the left side edge of the left side area of the rectangular medium substrate 10, printing a horizontal metal patch with the width of 2mm and the length of 10mm at the upper end of the vertical metal patch, printing a horizontal metal patch with the width of 2mm and the length of 10mm at the lower end of the vertical metal patch, and connecting the two horizontal metal patches with the vertical metal patch to form a horizontal metal patch
A metal structure 21 of
The distance between the upper edge of the shape structure 21 and the upper edge of the rectangular medium substrate and the distance between the lower edge of the shape structure 21 and the lower edge of the rectangular medium substrate are equal to 3 mm. In that
A circular non-metallized via hole 27 with the radius of 0.5mm is processed at the center of the vertical metal arm of the shape metal structure 21. And simultaneously, printing a metal patch with the length of 24mm and the width of 9mm on the back surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate as a grounding plate of the unit antenna 1, wherein the left edge of the grounding plate is superposed with the left edge of the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, the right edge of the grounding plate is 1mm away from the geometric center point of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the right side of the grounding plate is electrically connected with the rectangular metalized through hole. The back of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 is processed with a non-metallized circular structure 26 with the radius of 1.5mm, and the non-metallized circular structure and the circular non-metallized through hole 27 are concentric circles. On the upper and lower surfaces of a rectangular dielectric ground plate by a distance
Four metal patches 22, 23, 28 and 29 are respectively printed at the 2mm position of the right side edge of the vertical arm of the metal structure 21, the width of each metal patch is 2mm, and the length of each metal patch 22 and 23 is 2mmThe degree is equal to 6.5 mm. The metal patches 28, 29 are equal to 6mm in length. In the metal patches 22, 23 and
two metallized vias 24, 25 of 2mm length and 0.4mm width are processed where the conformal metal structure 21 contacts each other. The vertical line of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 passing through the center line is taken as a symmetry axis, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the right area of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are printed and processed to form a structure which is completely symmetrical to the unit antenna 1 in the left area, so that the processing and manufacturing of the unit antenna 2 are completed, and the processing and manufacturing of all antennas designed by the invention are also completed.
The simulation analysis of the MIMO antenna of the invention by using three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS shows that, as shown in fig. 4, the-10 dB relative impedance bandwidth of the MIMO antenna reaches 18.8%, and the isolation between the two unit antenna ports is less than-20 dB in the whole working bandwidth, namely the MIMO antenna of the invention is a broadband antenna. In the whole working frequency band, the far field radiation efficiency of the antenna is more than 85.2%, and the maximum value reaches 96.1%, namely the radiation efficiency of the antenna is high, as shown in fig. 5. At the resonant frequency band f of 3.85GHz, the upper and lower directions of the antenna have larger energy radiation in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the antenna, and the antenna also has certain energy radiation in the direction parallel to the plane of the antenna, as shown in fig. 6, so that the antenna of the present invention is an approximately omnidirectional radiation antenna with uniform spatial radiation. In conclusion, the MIMO antenna designed by the invention has good performance in the aspects of working bandwidth, radiation efficiency, radiation energy space coverage and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution can be modified and replaced by a plurality of simple modifications and replacements without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, and the modifications and replacements also fall within the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a two unit MIMO antennas of folding short circuit dipole of high isolation symmetry which characterized in that: the antenna comprises two symmetrically-placed folded short-circuit dipole antenna units and a dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator (32), wherein the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units are respectively positioned on two sides of the grounding metal isolator (32) and are axially symmetrical about a central connecting line of a vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator (32), and the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units share one rectangular dielectric substrate (10).
2. The high-isolation symmetrical folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the folded short-circuit dipole antenna unit comprises a semi-closed rectangular metal structure positioned on the upper surface of a rectangular dielectric substrate (10), the inner sides of upper and lower horizontal arms of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are connected with vertical metal arms, and rectangular metalized through holes are formed in the connection positions; the two vertical metal arms are respectively connected with the vertical metal arms of the metal grounding plate through the rectangular metalized through holes, and the metal grounding plate and the vertical metal arms thereof are arranged on the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate (10); the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is characterized in that a non-metalized through hole is formed in the middle of a vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure, a circular non-metal area is machined on the metal grounding plate, and the circle centers of the circular non-metal area and the non-metalized circular through hole are overlapped.
3. The high-isolation symmetric folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm and the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are made of three metal patches with the same width.
4. The high-isolation symmetric folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is vertically symmetrical by taking a horizontal center line of the rectangular medium substrate (10) as an axis.
5. The high-isolation symmetric folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the length of the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate is equal to the distance between the inner edge of the horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure and the outer edge of the metal grounding plate; the length of a vertical metal arm connected with the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is greater than that of the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate and less than half of that of the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure.
6. The high-isolation symmetric folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the distance between the vertical metal arm connected with the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure and the distance between the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate and the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are equal.
7. The high-isolation symmetric folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 2, wherein: two rectangular metalized through holes are formed in two sides of the center of the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator (32), and the grounding metal isolator (32) and the metal grounding plates of the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units are connected through the two rectangular metalized through holes.
8. The high-isolation symmetric folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the distance between the metal grounding plates of the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units is equal to the width of the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator (32).
9. The high-isolation symmetric folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator (32) is as wide as the horizontal arm connected to the two ends of the vertical arm, and the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator (32) is superposed with the center of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate (10).
10. The high-isolation symmetrical folded short-circuited dipole two-element MIMO antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rectangular dielectric substrate (10) is made of FR4, the relative dielectric constant of the material is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115458945A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-09 | 汕头大学 | Slot-excited polarization and directional diagram diversity dielectric resonator antenna |
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