CN112490464B - Fuel cell bipolar plate with internal humidifying structure and electric pile - Google Patents
Fuel cell bipolar plate with internal humidifying structure and electric pile Download PDFInfo
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- CN112490464B CN112490464B CN202011397478.4A CN202011397478A CN112490464B CN 112490464 B CN112490464 B CN 112490464B CN 202011397478 A CN202011397478 A CN 202011397478A CN 112490464 B CN112490464 B CN 112490464B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 Hydrogen- Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M2004/8678—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/8694—Bipolar electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell bipolar plate with an internal humidifying structure and a galvanic pile. The invention relates to a fuel cell bipolar plate with an internal humidifying structure, which comprises an anode plate and a cathode plate, wherein the anode plate is provided with an anode runner, the cathode plate is provided with a cathode runner, the back surfaces of the two electrode plates are opposite to each other to form a bipolar plate cooling liquid runner, hydrogen inlets and outlets of the anode plate and the cathode plate are arranged on the left side and the right side of the electrode plates, an electrode plate air inlet and an electrode plate air outlet are arranged on the upper end and the lower end or the left end and the right end of the electrode plates, and a plurality of electrode plate air humidifying ports are arranged at the lower ends of the anode plate and the cathode plate. According to the invention, the lower part of the polar plate is provided with the air humidifying ports, and the self-humidifying circulation is formed in the electric pile by matching with the related structures of the front and rear end plates, the front and rear power taking plates and other parts, so that the problem that the external humidifier is not suitable for being used in a low-temperature environment can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell bipolar plate with an internal humidifying structure and a galvanic pile.
Background
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells generally employ a solid polymer electrolyte membrane in which protons are transferred from an anode to a cathode in a hydrated form, water being the carrier for proton conduction. Therefore, the water content in the proton exchange membrane directly affects the proton conductivity of the membrane, thereby greatly affecting the performance of the fuel cell.
The humidifying technology of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell mainly comprises two modes of external humidifying and self-humidifying. Mature fuel cell power generation systems in the market generally adopt an external auxiliary humidification system of a galvanic pile to humidify the reactant gases of the galvanic pile, so as to ensure that a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) in the galvanic pile has sufficient moisture. For example, a membrane tube humidifier is added on the cathode side, and the purpose of humidification of the inlet air is achieved by diffusion and permeation by utilizing the concentration difference between the gas with higher humidity and the inlet air. However, the membrane tube humidifier increases the complexity and space structure of the fuel cell system, and particularly, the high power generation system has a large air intake amount, so that a large volume membrane tube humidifier needs to be configured. In addition, the membrane tube humidifier has the disadvantage that the membrane tube humidifier cannot be adapted to a low temperature environment due to condensation of liquid water. The research of the self-humidification technology of the fuel cell is mainly focused on the design of a flow field structure and a membrane electrode, and the self-humidification and water retention capacity of a galvanic pile are realized by means of the special design of the flow field and the material modification, matching and optimization of a gas diffusion layer, a catalyst and a proton exchange membrane. If the internal humidification technology is not well matched, water accumulation phenomenon occurs in the membrane electrode and the flow field of the fuel cell, normal reaction, namely 'flooding' phenomenon of a galvanic pile is hindered, and the performance of the device is reduced. And the humidification capacity in this way is limited, especially at high current densities, the amount of self-humidification does not meet the proton conduction requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell bipolar plate with an internal humidifying structure and a galvanic pile. According to the invention, the lower end of the polar plate is additionally provided with the air-discharging humidifying port, and the self-humidifying circulation is formed in the galvanic pile by matching with the related structures of the front end plate, the rear end plate, the front and rear electricity-taking plate and other parts, so that the problem that the external humidifier is not suitable for being used in a low-temperature environment can be solved, the normal working requirement of the galvanic pile under high current density can be met, and the complexity of the galvanic pile structure, system control and processing can be reduced.
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a fuel cell bipolar plate with interior humidification structure, includes anode plate and negative plate, the anode plate is provided with the positive pole runner, the negative plate is provided with the negative pole runner, and the back of two polar plates is constituteed relatively bipolar plate forms bipolar plate coolant flow runner between, the hydrogen access & exit of anode plate and negative plate sets up in the left and right sides of polar plate, and polar plate air inlet and polar plate air outlet set up at the upper and lower both ends or the left and right sides both ends of polar plate, the lower extreme of anode plate and negative plate is provided with a plurality of polar plate air humidification mouth.
The fuel cell stack with the internal humidifying structure comprises a front end plate, a rear end plate, a front electricity taking plate, a rear electricity taking plate and the bipolar plate, wherein the front end plate is provided with a front end plate air inlet and a front end plate air outlet, and the front electricity taking plate is provided with a front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening and a front electricity taking plate air outlet;
the front end plate air inlet is communicated with the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening and the polar plate air humidifying opening, and the front end plate air outlet is communicated with the front electricity taking plate air outlet and the polar plate air outlet;
the rear electricity taking plate is provided with a rear electricity taking plate air humidifying opening and a rear electricity taking plate air inlet, and the rear electricity taking plate air humidifying opening is communicated with the polar plate air humidifying opening; the rear electricity taking plate air inlet is communicated with the polar plate air inlet;
an air redirecting groove which is communicated with the air humidifying opening of the rear power taking plate and the air inlet of the rear power taking plate is formed in the inner side of the rear end plate;
at least one end plate humidifying opening is arranged on the front end plate or the rear end plate and is used for injecting or discharging humidifying water.
The front end plate is provided with a front end plate air humidifying opening, and the front end plate air humidifying opening corresponds to the polar plate air humidifying opening in the height direction.
The front end plate is provided with a rear end plate air humidifying opening, and the rear end plate air humidifying opening corresponds to the polar plate air humidifying opening in the height direction.
The front end plate is provided with an air distribution groove, the arrangement position of the air distribution groove corresponds to the plate air humidifying opening, and the air distribution groove is arranged among the front end plate air inlet, the front end plate air humidifying opening and the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening and is used for mixing and distributing air entering the end plate and humidifying water.
The air redirecting groove is perpendicular to the plate air humidifying opening and the plate air inlet which are connected in series.
The end plate humidifying port is connected with one or more humidifying controllers, and the humidifying controllers can judge whether to guide humidifying water into or discharge humidifying water out of the galvanic pile according to the liquid level of a water reservoir in the polar plate air humidifying port or the actual running condition of the galvanic pile.
The reservoir is a channel formed at the air humidification port of the polar plate after a plurality of polar plates in the galvanic pile are connected in series.
The humidification water is introduced through a waterway supercharging device or a gas circuit negative pressure device, and the waterway supercharging device or the gas circuit negative pressure device is connected with the humidification controller.
The humidification water introduced into the stack comes from the excess reaction-generated water discharged from the air outlet of the front end plate or from outside the entire stack.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adds a plurality of air humidification ports on the lower part of the polar plate, and is matched with the related structures of parts such as front and back end plates, front and back electricity taking plates and the like, so that the air can be humidified in the electric pile. The advantages of this solution are:
1. the humidification circulation is formed in the electric pile without an external humidifier, so that the normal working requirement of the electric pile under high current density can be met, the electric pile structure, system control and processing complexity can be reduced, and the cost is saved.
2. The internal humidifying structure can solve the problem that the external humidifier is not suitable for being used in a low-temperature environment.
3. The air used in the subsequent reaction can be humidified by means of the water generated by the self reaction of the electric pile, and the water generated by the reaction is directly discharged from the air outlet of the electric pile when the electric pile is used unlike the traditional electric pile, so that the cyclic utilization of the water in the electric pile system can be realized, and the waste is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a cell stack according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Wherein, parts of external accessories, membrane electrode assemblies and the like are omitted. The internal structure of the cell stack is represented by a cross section, and external piping, a controller, and the like are represented by a solid body.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode plate according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Wherein the structure of the intermediate flow path portion is omitted. The view direction corresponds to the view from left to right in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a cell stack according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. Wherein, parts of external accessories, membrane electrode assemblies and the like are omitted. The internal structure of the cell stack is represented by a cross section, and external piping, a controller, and the like are represented by a solid body.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode plate according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. Wherein the structure of the intermediate flow path portion is omitted. The view direction corresponds to the view from left to right in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an anode plate according to embodiment 3 of the present invention. Wherein the structure of the intermediate flow path portion is omitted.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the side of the front end plate close to the polar plate in example 3 of the present invention. The direction of this view is opposite to that of the view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the rear end plate on the side close to the polar plate in example 3 of the present invention. The direction of this view is the same as the direction of the view of fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a front view of the stack in example 3 of the present invention. Wherein, structures such as external accessories and the like are omitted. The direction of this view is the same as the direction of the view of fig. 5.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the cell stack of fig. 8 in the direction A-A. Wherein, parts of external accessories, membrane electrode assemblies and the like are omitted. The internal structure of the cell stack is represented by a cross section, and external piping, a controller, and the like are represented by a solid body.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the cell stack of fig. 8 in the direction B-B. Wherein, parts of external accessories, membrane electrode assemblies and the like are omitted. The internal structure of the cell stack is represented by a cross section, and external piping, a controller, and the like are represented by a solid body.
Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the cell stack of fig. 8 in the direction C-C. Wherein, parts of external accessories, membrane electrode assemblies and the like are omitted. The internal structure of the cell stack is represented by a cross section, and external piping, a controller, and the like are represented by a solid body.
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the cell stack D-D of fig. 8. Wherein, parts of external accessories, membrane electrode assemblies and the like are omitted. The internal structure of the cell stack is represented by a cross section, and external piping, a controller, and the like are represented by a solid body.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-an anode plate; 2-a cathode plate; 3-a front end plate; 4-a rear end plate; 5-front power taking plate; 6-taking the electric plate; 7-a humidification controller; 8-a waterway supercharging device; 9-an air path negative pressure device; 101-hydrogen inlet; 102-a hydrogen outlet; 103-plate air inlet; 104-plate air outlet; 105-a coolant inlet; 106-a cooling liquid outlet; 107-active region; 108-a polar plate air humidification port; 301-front end plate air inlet; 302-front end plate air outlet; 303-front end plate air humidification port; 304-an air distribution tank; 401-rear end plate air humidification port; 402-an air redirection slot; 501-front electric plate air humidifying port; 502-front power board air outlet; 601-an air humidification port of a rear power taking plate; 602-rear panel air inlet.
Wherein: water (including humidification water, reaction product water, and coolant)Air->Hydrogen->Flow into paper->Flow out of the paper o.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following technical schemes (and accompanying drawings).
Example 1
As shown in fig. 2, a fuel cell anode plate 1 having an internal humidification structure, and a cathode plate 2 which constitutes a bipolar plate together therewith are similar in structure thereto. The anode plate 1 is provided with an anode runner, the cathode plate 2 is provided with a cathode runner, the back surfaces of the two polar plates oppositely form the bipolar plate, and a bipolar plate cooling liquid runner is formed between the two polar plates.
The left side of anode plate 1 and negative plate 2 has set gradually hydrogen entry 101 and three coolant inlet 105 from top to bottom, and the right side has set gradually three coolant outlet 106 and hydrogen export 102 from top to bottom, the upper end of anode plate 1 and negative plate 2 is provided with five polar plate air outlets 104, and the lower extreme is provided with six air inlets 103 and seven polar plate air humidification mouths 108, and the air flows from bottom to top in the bipolar plate, and hydrogen flows from left to right, and this kind of quadrature flows and compares the parallel direct current flow of tradition, makes the atress of polar plate, the contact condition with the gas diffusion layer, the distribution condition of water all obtain the improvement to a certain extent, has promoted the wholeness ability and the reliability of electric pile.
As shown in fig. 1, a fuel cell stack with an internal humidification structure includes a front end plate 3, a rear end plate 4, a front electricity-taking plate 5, a rear electricity-taking plate 6, and anode and cathode plates 1 and 2 of a bipolar plate.
The front end plate 3 is provided with a front end plate air inlet 301 and a front end plate air outlet 302; the front electricity taking plate 5 is provided with a front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 501 and a front electricity taking plate air outlet 502, the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 501 is completely communicated with the polar plate air humidifying opening 108, and the front end plate air inlet 301 is only communicated with the upper half part of the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 501; the front end plate air outlet 302 is completely communicated with the front electricity taking plate air outlet 502 and the polar plate air outlet 104;
the rear electricity taking plate 6 is provided with a rear electricity taking plate air humidifying port 601 and a rear electricity taking plate air inlet 602, and the rear electricity taking plate air humidifying port 601 is completely communicated with the polar plate air humidifying port 108; the rear intake plate air inlet 602 is in complete communication with the plate air inlet 103.
An air redirecting groove 402 which is communicated with a rear electricity taking plate air humidifying port 601 and a rear electricity taking plate air inlet 602 is arranged below the inner side of the rear end plate 4, and the air redirecting groove 402 is vertically arranged with a polar plate air humidifying port 108 and a polar plate air inlet 103 which are connected in series;
a rear end plate air humidifying opening 401 is arranged below the outer side of the rear end plate 4, and the position of the rear end plate air humidifying opening 401 corresponds to the lower half part of the rear power taking plate air humidifying opening 601.
Further, through holes for entering and exiting hydrogen and cooling liquid are further formed in the front and rear end plates and the electricity taking plate, but are not mentioned in the examples and are shown in the drawings because they are not mainly described in this patent.
In this example, the rear end plate air humidification port 401 is connected to a humidification controller 7, and then one of the rear end plate air humidification ports is connected to the front end plate air outlet 302 via a water pressurizing device 8, a water storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, and the like, and a pipeline (not shown). The humidification controller 7 is a valve, which can be either electrically controlled or manually operated, and is used for judging whether the water separated from the front end plate air outlet 302 is to be led back according to the liquid level of the water reservoir in the polar plate air humidification port 108, and can also be used for discharging the water accumulated in the polar plate air humidification port 108 before cold start of the galvanic pile so as to quickly heat and start the galvanic pile.
The reservoir is a channel formed at the plate air humidification port 108 after a plurality of plates in the stack are connected in series.
The waterway pressurizing device 8 is used for pressurizing the humidifying water so as to overcome the high pressure of the pile inlet air in the polar plate air humidifying port 108 channel and ensure the normal operation of the humidifying process.
In the electric pile described in this example, air enters the electric pile from the front end plate air inlet 301 below the front end plate 3, flows through the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 501, the electrode plate air humidifying opening 108 below each electrode plate and the rear electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 601 in sequence, then enters the rear electricity taking plate air inlet 602 and the electrode plate air inlet 103 from the air redirecting groove 402 on the inner side of the rear end plate 4 in a turning manner, then enters the flow passage of each cathode plate 2 in sequence to participate in the reaction, and finally is discharged from the electrode plate upper air outlet 104, the front electricity taking plate air outlet 502 and the front end plate air outlet 302 on the upper part of the front end plate 3 in sequence.
As the fuel cell reaction produces water, the reactant gases just entering the active area 107 need to be humidified to prevent overdry of the proton exchange membrane. In this embodiment, therefore, the excess reaction-generated water discharged from the front-end-plate air outlet 302 is collected again and conducted back to the electric pile through the rear-end-plate air humidification port 401 provided below the outer side of the rear end plate 4. Because of the height difference between the front plate air inlet 301 and the rear plate air humidification port 401, the water conducted back to the pile can be accumulated in the lower half of the plate lower air humidification port 108 to form a reservoir, and all the air entering the pile passes over the water pool, thereby achieving the humidification purpose.
The water is generated by the internal humidification of the reservoir in the plate air humidification port 108 and the reaction of the air side in the active region 107, so that the overall water content of the air side is higher, a water concentration gradient is formed between the air side and the hydrogen side, and the redundant water can be reversely permeated from the air side to the hydrogen side by virtue of the thinner novel proton exchange membrane, thereby realizing the self humidification of the hydrogen side without an external humidifier.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 4, a fuel cell anode plate 1 having an internal humidification structure, and a cathode plate 2 which constitutes a bipolar plate together therewith are similar in structure thereto. The anode plate 1 is provided with an anode runner, the cathode plate 2 is provided with a cathode runner, the back surfaces of the two polar plates oppositely form the bipolar plate, a bipolar plate cooling liquid runner is formed between the bipolar plate cooling liquid runners, three cooling liquid inlets 105 and a hydrogen outlet 102 are sequentially arranged on the left sides of the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 from top to bottom, a hydrogen inlet 101 and three cooling liquid outlets 106 are sequentially arranged on the right sides of the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 from top to bottom, five polar plate air inlets 103 are arranged on the upper ends of the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2, six polar plate air outlets 104 and seven polar plate air humidifying ports 108 are arranged on the lower ends of the anode plate and the cathode plate, air in the bipolar plate flows from top to bottom, hydrogen flows from right to left, and the orthogonal flow is compared with the traditional parallel direct current runner, so that the stress of the polar plates and the contact condition of a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) are improved to a certain extent, and the overall performance and reliability of a galvanic pile are improved.
As shown in fig. 3, a fuel cell stack with an internal humidification structure includes a front end plate 3, a rear end plate 4, a front electricity-taking plate 5, a rear electricity-taking plate 6, and anode plates 1 and cathode plates 2 of bipolar plates corresponding to fig. 4.
The front end plate 3 is provided with a front end plate air inlet 301 and a front end plate air outlet 302; the front electricity taking plate 5 is provided with a front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 501 and a front electricity taking plate air outlet 502, the front end plate air inlet 301 is communicated with the pole plate air humidifying opening 108 through the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 501, and the front end plate air outlet 302 is communicated with the front electricity taking plate air outlet 502 and the pole plate air outlet 104;
the rear electricity taking plate 6 is provided with a rear electricity taking plate air humidifying port 601 and a rear electricity taking plate air inlet 602, and the rear electricity taking plate air humidifying port 601 is connected with the polar plate air humidifying port 108; the rear intake plate air inlet 602 is connected to the plate air inlet 103.
An air redirecting groove 402 which is communicated with a rear electricity taking plate air humidifying port 601 and a rear electricity taking plate air inlet 602 is formed in the inner side of the rear end plate 4, and the air redirecting groove 402 is vertically arranged with the polar plate air humidifying port 108 and the polar plate air inlet 103 which are connected in series;
a rear end plate air humidifying opening 401 is arranged below the outer side of the rear end plate 4, and the position of the rear end plate air humidifying opening 401 corresponds to the lower part of the rear power taking plate air humidifying opening 601. Although the size of the rear end plate air humidification port 401 is half that of the plate air humidification port 108 depicted in fig. 4, the present patent is not limited to the size of the air humidification port 402. As long as the rear end plate air humidification port 401 is smaller than the plate air humidification port 108, the air injected into the stack can be prevented from directly rushing out from the rear end plate air humidification port 401.
Further, through holes for entering and exiting hydrogen and cooling liquid are further formed in the front and rear end plates and the electricity taking plate, but are not mentioned in examples and are not shown in the drawings because they are not mainly described in this patent.
In embodiment 2, two humidification controllers 7 are provided outside the stack. Specifically, the rear end plate air humidification port 401 is connected to a humidification controller 7 which functions to drain water previously accumulated in the plate air humidification port 108 during cold start of the stack for rapid stack warm-up. In contrast, the front end plate air inlet 301 is connected to another humidification controller 7 through a gas circuit negative pressure device 9, and then connected to the front end plate air outlet 302 through a water storage tank, a gas-liquid separator and other devices and pipelines (not shown in the figure), which is used for judging whether to guide the water separated from the front end plate air outlet 302 back according to the liquid level of the water storage tank in the polar plate air humidification port 108, and the humidification controller 7 is a valve functionally, which can be either electrically controlled or manually controlled.
The reservoir is a channel formed at the plate air humidification port 108 after a plurality of plates in the stack are connected in series.
The air path negative pressure equipment 9 can make the high pressure air before piling generate negative pressure in the part by means of the internal structure, thereby sucking and mixing the low pressure humidifying water to ensure the normal subsequent humidification in the reservoir. Useful pneumatic circuit negative pressure devices 9 include, but are not limited to, ejectors, pneumatic conveyors, and the like.
In the electric pile according to the embodiment, air enters the electric pile from the front end plate air inlet 301, flows through the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 501, the electrode plate air humidifying opening 108 below each electrode plate and the rear electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 601 in sequence, then flows into the rear electricity taking plate air inlet 602 and the electrode plate upper air inlet 103 from the air redirecting groove 402 at the inner side of the rear end plate 4, further sequentially enters the flow passage of each cathode plate 2 to participate in the reaction, and finally is discharged from the electrode plate air outlet 104, the front electricity taking plate air outlet 502 and the front end plate air outlet 302 of the front end plate 3 in sequence.
As the fuel cell reaction produces water, the reactant gases just entering the active area 107 need to be humidified to prevent overdry of the proton exchange membrane. Thus in example 2, excess reaction-produced water discharged from the front end plate air outlet 302 can be collected again through piping and related structures by means of the front end plate air inlet 301 provided below the outer side of the front end plate 3 and conducted back to the electric pile. The water led back to the electric pile can be controlled in the air humidification port 108 at the lower layer of the polar plate by opening and closing the front humidification controller 7 and the rear humidification controller to form a reservoir, and all air entering the electric pile passes through the upper part of the water pool, thereby realizing the humidification purpose.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 5, a fuel cell anode plate 1 having an internal humidification structure, and a cathode plate 2 which constitutes a bipolar plate together therewith are similar in structure thereto. The anode plate 1 is provided with an anode runner, the cathode plate 2 is provided with a cathode runner, the back surfaces of the two polar plates oppositely form the bipolar plate, and a bipolar plate cooling liquid flow field is formed between the two polar plates.
The left side of the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 is provided with a hydrogen inlet 101, two polar plate air outlets 104 and an upper and lower cooling liquid outlet 106, the right side is provided with two polar plate air inlets 103, a hydrogen outlet 102 and an upper and lower cooling liquid inlet 105, and the lower part of the polar plate is provided with a row of polar plate air humidifying ports 108.
Air flows from right to left in the bipolar plate, hydrogen flows from left to right, and the flow channels in the active region 107 are arranged in wavy, oblique or other reasonable shapes so as to ensure that the stress of the polar plates is uniform, ensure that the contact between the polar plates and the GDL and the distribution of water in the PEM are kept in a better state, and ensure the overall performance and reliability of the galvanic pile.
As shown in fig. 9, a fuel cell stack with an internal humidification structure includes a front end plate 3, a rear end plate 4, a front electricity-taking plate 5, a rear electricity-taking plate 6, and anode plates 1 and cathode plates 2 of bipolar plates corresponding to fig. 5.
As shown in fig. 6, a front end plate air inlet 301, a front end plate air humidification port 303, and a front end plate air outlet 302, and inlets and outlets for hydrogen gas and coolant are provided on the inside of the front end plate 3. In addition, an air distribution slot 304 is provided in the lower portion of the front end plate at a position opposite to the plate air humidification port 108 in the lower portion of the bipolar plate.
Here, unlike in examples 1 and 2, the inlets and outlets of the air, hydrogen and cooling liquid in this embodiment are all in the form of stepped holes, i.e. the outer open threaded holes of the front end plate are connected to external connectors, such as pipe joints and quick connectors, and the inner open threaded holes correspond to the through holes on the polar plates. Examples 1 and 2 take the form of external flange joints. The present patent does not explicitly restrict the form of the corresponding interfaces of the joint and the end plate, the above examples being only some of the possible solutions.
Further, the front end plate air inlet 301 is shown in fig. 6 above the front end plate air humidification port 303. The present patent is not limited to the relative positions of the front end plate air inlet 301 and the front end plate air humidification port 303 when both are provided at the same time. For example, the front end plate air inlet 301 and the front end plate air humidification port 303 may be arranged horizontally so as to be opposed to the different plate air humidification ports 108 on the plate, respectively.
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the front power take-off plate 5 is provided with a front power take-off plate air humidification port 501 and a front power take-off plate air outlet 502.
The front end plate air inlet 301 and the front end plate air humidifying opening 303 are communicated with the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening 501 and the polar plate air humidifying opening 108 through the inner side air distributing grooves 304, and the front end plate air outlet 302 is communicated with the front electricity taking plate air outlet 502 and the polar plate air outlet 104;
as shown in fig. 11 and 12, the rear electricity taking plate 6 is provided with a rear electricity taking plate air humidifying port 601 and a rear electricity taking plate air inlet 602, and the rear electricity taking plate air humidifying port 601 is connected with the polar plate air humidifying port 108; the rear intake plate air inlet 602 is connected to the plate air inlet 103.
As shown in fig. 7, an air redirecting groove 402 is arranged on the inner side of the rear end plate 4 and is communicated with a rear power taking plate air humidifying port 601 and a rear power taking plate air inlet 602, and the air redirecting groove 402 is arranged perpendicular to the plate air humidifying port 108 and the plate air inlet 103 which are connected in series. In the air redirecting slot 402, a number of rib-like protrusions may be provided to improve the mechanical strength of the rear end plate or to optimize the flow and distribution of air in the slot.
As shown in fig. 7, an air humidifying port 401 is arranged below the outer side of the rear end plate 4, and the position of the rear end plate air humidifying port 401 corresponds to the polar plate air humidifying port 108. The shape and size of the rear end plate air humidification port 401 is not limited in this patent. It may be the same as the entire area corresponding to all of the plate air humidification ports 108 below the plate or, as shown in fig. 7, may be just one smaller aperture than a single plate air humidification port 108.
Further, this patent also does not limit whether the rear end plate air humidification port 401 is lower in height than the plate air humidification port 108, i.e., whether it is submerged. As shown in fig. 7, the rear end plate air humidification port 401 of example 3 adopts a sinking scheme, but is not shown in examples 1 and 2.
In this embodiment, two humidification controllers 7 are disposed outside the stack, and the rear end plate air humidification port 401 is connected to one humidification controller 7, which functions to drain water previously accumulated in the plate air humidification port 108 during cold start of the stack, so as to enable the stack to be quickly heated and started. In contrast, the front-end plate air humidification port 303 is connected to another humidification controller 7 via a water circuit pressurization device 8, and then connected to the front-end plate air outlet 302 via a water storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, and the like, and a pipeline (not shown). The function of this is to determine whether to direct back the water separated in the front plate air outlet 302 based on the level of the reservoir in the plate air humidification port 108. The humidification controller 7 is functionally a valve, either electronically controlled or manually.
The reservoir is a channel formed at the plate air humidification port 108 after a plurality of plates in the stack are connected in series.
The waterway pressurizing device 8 is used for pressurizing the humidifying water so as to overcome the high pressure of the pile inlet air in the polar plate air humidifying port 108 channel and ensure the normal operation of the humidifying process.
In the pile described in this example, as can be seen by combining fig. 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, air enters the pile from the front-end plate air inlet 301, while humidification water enters the pile from the front-end plate air humidification port 303 below the front-end plate 3, and the air and humidification water are mixed in the air distribution groove 304 below the inner side of the front-end plate 3, sequentially flow through the front-end plate air humidification port 501, the plate air humidification port 108 below each plate, the rear-end plate air humidification port 601, and are turned from the air redirection groove 202 inside the rear-end plate 4, then enter the rear-end plate air inlet 602, the plate upper air inlet 103, then sequentially enter the flow passage of each cathode plate 2 to participate in the reaction, and finally are sequentially discharged from the plate air outlet 104, the front-end plate air outlet 502 and the front-end plate air outlet 302 of the front-end plate 3.
As the fuel cell reaction produces water, the reactant gases just entering the active area 107 need to be humidified to prevent overdry of the proton exchange membrane. Thus in example 3, excess reaction-produced water discharged from the front-end-plate air outlet 302 can be collected again through piping and related structures by means of the air humidification ports 303 provided below the outer side of the front-end plate 3 and conducted back to the electric pile. The water led back to the electric pile can be controlled in the air humidification port 108 at the lower layer of the polar plate by opening and closing the front humidification controller 7 and the rear humidification controller to form a reservoir, and all air entering the electric pile passes through the upper part of the water pool, thereby realizing the humidification purpose.
The anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 in examples 1, 2 and 3 have a certain difference in flow path portions because they provide channels to the active regions 107 for the respective reaction gases, but since this is not the focus of this patent, they are not drawn in detail, and the flow of the gases in the electrode plates is only explained by arrows. Besides, the two polar plates are identical in external dimension (excluding thickness) and positions and sizes of a reaction gas inlet and a reaction gas outlet and a cooling liquid inlet and outlet.
The invention is not limited to the materials of the elements of the pile, and is not limited to graphite plate pile, metal plate pile and composite plate pile. There are various ways of processing the corresponding bipolar plate, for example, graphite plate can be processed by using ways including but not limited to engraving, wire cutting, water cutting, etc.; the metal plate can be stamped, laser and the like; the composite board may be molded or injection molded.
Claims (7)
1. The fuel cell stack with the internal humidifying structure is characterized by comprising a front end plate (3), a rear end plate (4), a front electricity taking plate (5), a rear electricity taking plate (6) and a bipolar plate;
the bipolar plate comprises an anode plate (1) and a cathode plate (2), the anode plate (1) is provided with an anode runner, the cathode plate (2) is provided with a cathode runner, the back surfaces of the two polar plates are oppositely formed into the bipolar plate, a bipolar plate cooling liquid runner is formed between the two polar plates, a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet are formed in the left side and the right side of the anode plate (1) and the cathode plate (2), a polar plate air inlet (103) and a polar plate air outlet (104) are formed in the upper end and the lower end or the left side and the right side of the polar plate, and a plurality of polar plate air humidifying ports (108) are formed in the lower end of the anode plate (1) and the lower end of the cathode plate (2);
a front end plate air inlet (301) and a front end plate air outlet (302) are arranged on the front end plate (3), and a front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening (501) and a front electricity taking plate air outlet (502) are arranged on the front electricity taking plate (5);
the front end plate air inlet (301) is communicated with the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening (501) and the polar plate air humidifying opening (108), and the front end plate air outlet (302) is communicated with the front electricity taking plate air outlet (502) and the polar plate air outlet (104);
a rear electricity taking plate air humidifying opening (601) and a rear electricity taking plate air inlet (602) are formed in the rear electricity taking plate (6), and the rear electricity taking plate air humidifying opening (601) is communicated with the polar plate air humidifying opening (108); the rear electricity taking plate air inlet (602) is communicated with the polar plate air inlet (103);
an air redirecting groove (402) which is communicated with a rear electricity taking plate air humidifying opening (601) and a rear electricity taking plate air inlet (602) is formed in the inner side of the rear end plate (4);
at least one end plate humidifying opening is arranged on the front end plate (3) or the rear end plate (4) and is used for injecting or discharging humidifying water;
the rear end plate (4) is provided with a rear end plate air humidifying opening (401), and the rear end plate air humidifying opening (401) corresponds to the polar plate air humidifying opening (108) in the height direction;
the front end plate (3) is provided with an air distribution groove (304), the arrangement position of the air distribution groove (304) corresponds to the polar plate air humidifying opening (108), and the air distribution groove is arranged among the front end plate air inlet (301), the front end plate air humidifying opening (303) and the front electricity taking plate air humidifying opening (501) and used for mixing and distributing air entering the end plate and humidifying water.
2. The fuel cell stack with the internal humidification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a front end plate air humidification port (303) is provided on the front end plate (3), the front end plate air humidification port (303) corresponding to the plate air humidification port (108) in the height direction.
3. The fuel cell stack with internal humidification structure of claim 1, wherein the air redirection slots (402) are disposed perpendicular to the plate air humidification ports (108) and plate air inlets (103) in series.
4. The fuel cell stack with internal humidification structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the end plate humidification port is connected with one or more humidification controllers (7), the humidification controllers (7) can judge whether to introduce or discharge humidification water into or from the stack according to the liquid level of a reservoir in the plate air humidification port (108) or the actual operation of the stack.
5. The fuel cell stack with internal humidification of claim 4, wherein the reservoir is a channel formed at a plate air humidification port (108) after a plurality of plates in the stack are connected in series.
6. The fuel cell stack with an internal humidification structure according to claim 4, wherein the introduction of the humidification water is achieved by a water passage pressurizing device (8) or a gas passage negative pressure device (9), and the water passage pressurizing device (8) or the gas passage negative pressure device (9) is connected with a humidification controller (7).
7. The fuel cell stack with internal humidification structure of claim 6, wherein the humidification water introduced into the stack comes from the excess reaction-generated water discharged from the front end plate air outlet (302) or from outside the entire stack.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011397478.4A CN112490464B (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with internal humidifying structure and electric pile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011397478.4A CN112490464B (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with internal humidifying structure and electric pile |
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| CN112490464B true CN112490464B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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| CN113555580A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-26 | 金华氢途科技有限公司 | Polar plate for fuel cell pile |
| CN114335589A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-04-12 | 北京格睿能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell with self-humidifying function |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101577342A (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2009-11-11 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell with humidification zone of single cell |
| CN102800876A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-11-28 | 江苏冰城电材股份有限公司 | Self-humidifying fuel cell |
| CN214203743U (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-09-14 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with internal humidification structure and electric pile |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101577342A (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2009-11-11 | 清华大学 | Fuel cell with humidification zone of single cell |
| CN102800876A (en) * | 2012-09-06 | 2012-11-28 | 江苏冰城电材股份有限公司 | Self-humidifying fuel cell |
| CN214203743U (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-09-14 | 无锡威孚高科技集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with internal humidification structure and electric pile |
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