CN1770527A - Integrated fuel cell for optimization design for hydrogen gas access channels and circulating uses - Google Patents
Integrated fuel cell for optimization design for hydrogen gas access channels and circulating uses Download PDFInfo
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- CN1770527A CN1770527A CNA2004100677136A CN200410067713A CN1770527A CN 1770527 A CN1770527 A CN 1770527A CN A2004100677136 A CNA2004100677136 A CN A2004100677136A CN 200410067713 A CN200410067713 A CN 200410067713A CN 1770527 A CN1770527 A CN 1770527A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
This invention provides one hydrogen gas entrance channel and its recycle optimization designed integration fuel battery, which is characterized by the following: the bus hydrogen gas channel is of slide channel levelly set in one integrated end panel outside or middle panel from bus channel to multiple branches connected to each fuel battery set module, wherein, the hydrogen recycle device set combination magnetic valve to connect each fuel battery module expedition hydrogen channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fuel cell, in particular to an integrated fuel cell with optimized design for hydrogen inlet and outlet channels and recycling.
Background
A fuel cell is a device that can convert chemical energy generated when a fuel and an oxidant electrochemically react into electrical energy. The core component of the device is a Membrane Electrode (MEA), which consists of a proton exchange Membrane and two conductive porous diffusion materials (such as carbon paper) sandwiched between two surfaces of the Membrane, and finely dispersed catalysts (such as platinum) capable of initiating electrochemical reaction are uniformly distributed on the two side interfaces of the proton exchange Membrane contacting with the conductive materials. The electrons generated in the electrochemical reaction process are led out by conductive objects at two sides of the membrane electrode through an external circuit, thus forming a current loop.
At the anode end of the membrane electrode, fuel can permeate through a porous diffusion material (such as carbon paper)and perform electrochemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst, electrons are lost to form positive ions, and the positive ions can pass through a proton exchange membrane through migration to reach the other end of the membrane electrode, namely the cathode end. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas (e.g., air) containing an oxidant (e.g., oxygen) permeates through a porous diffusion material (e.g., carbon paper) and electrochemically reacts at the surface of the catalyst to give electrons that form negative ions that further combine with positive ions migrating from the anode end to form a reaction product.
In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell using hydrogen as fuel and air containing oxygen as oxidant (or pure oxygen as oxidant), the fuel hydrogen undergoes a catalytic electrochemical reaction in the anode region without electrons to form hydrogen positive ions (protons), and the electrochemical reaction equation is as follows:
and (3) anode reaction:
the oxygen gas undergoes a catalyzed electrochemical reaction in the cathode region to produce electrons, forming negative ions which further combine with the positive hydrogen ions migrating from the anode side to form water as a reaction product. The electrochemical reaction equation is as follows:
and (3) cathode reaction:
the function of the proton exchange membrane in a fuel cell, in addition to serving to carry out the electrochemical reaction and to transport the protons produced in the exchange reaction, is to separate the gas flow containing the fuel hydrogen from the gas flow containing the oxidant (oxygen) so that they do not mix with each other and produce an explosive reaction.
In a typical pem fuel cell, the membrane electrode is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the two plates are both provided with channels, so the membrane electrode is also called as a current-guiding plate. The diversion grooves are arranged on the surface contacted with the membrane electrode and formed by die casting, stamping or mechanical milling and carving, and the number of the diversion grooves is more than one. The flow guide polar plate can be made of metal materials or graphite materials. The diversion trench on the diversion polar plate is used for respectively guiding fuel or oxidant into the anode region or the cathode region at two sides of the membrane electrode. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, only one membrane electrode and two flow guide polar plates are arranged on two sides of the membrane electrode, one is used as the flow guide polar plate of anode fuel, and the other is used as the flow guide polar plate of cathode oxidant. The two flow guide polar plates are used as current collecting plates and mechanical supports at two sides of the membrane electrode. The diversion trench on the diversion polar plate is a channel for fuel or oxidant to enter the surface of the anode or the cathode, and is a water outlet channel for taking away water generated in the operation process of the battery.
In order to increase the power of the pem fuel cell, two or more single cells are connected together in a stacked or tiled manner to form a stack, or referred to as a cell stack. Such a battery pack is generally fastened together into one body by a front end plate, a rear end plate, and tie rods. In the battery pack, flow guide grooves, called bipolar plates, are arranged on both sides of a polar plate positioned between two proton exchange membranes. One side of the bipolar plate is used as an anode diversion surface of one membrane electrode, and the other side is used as a cathode diversion surface of the other adjacent membrane electrode. A typical battery pack also generally includes: 1) inlet and flow guide channels for fuel and oxidant gases. The fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming methanol, natural gas and gasoline) and oxidant (mainly oxygen or air) are uniformly distributed in the diversion trenches of the anode and cathode surfaces; 2) an inlet and an outlet for cooling fluid (such as water) and a flow guide channel. The cooling fluid is uniformly distributed in the cooling channels in each battery pack to absorb the reaction heat generated in the fuel cell and carry the reaction heat out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; 3) the outlets of the fuel and oxidant gases and the flow guide channel. The function of the device is to discharge the excessive fuel gas and oxidant which do not participate in the reaction, and simultaneously carry out the liquid or gaseous water generated by the reaction. The fuel inlet/outlet, the oxidant inlet/outlet, and the cooling fluid inlet/outlet are typically provided on one end plate or on both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can be used as a power system of vehicles, ships and other vehicles and can also be manufactured into a movable or fixed power generation device.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is used as a power system of a vehicle or a ship and a mobile or fixed power generation device, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell must comprise various parts of a cell stack, a fuel hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem, a cooling and heat dissipation subsystem, an automatic control mechanism and an electric energy output mechanism.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic composition of a fuel cell power generation system. In the figure, the reference numeral 1 is a fuel cell stack, 2 is a hydrogen storage bottle or other hydrogen storagedevices, 3 is a pressure reducing valve, 4 is an air filtering device, 5 is an air compression supply device, 6 and 6' are water-vapor separators, 7 is a water tank, 8 is a cooling fluid circulating pump, 9 is a radiator, 10 is a hydrogen circulating pump, 11 and 12 are humidifying devices, and 13 is a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve.
In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the entire power generation system of the fuel cell, it is important to improve the hydrogen utilization rate of the power generation system of the fuel cell in addition to the electrode performance of the fuel cell. The supply and recycling of hydrogen are key to the improvement of the hydrogen utilization rate of the fuel cell power generation system and the guarantee of the operation stability of the fuel cell power generation system. After pressure reduction and stabilization, the fuel hydrogen is conveyed into the fuel cell stack through the humidifying device and reacts with the oxidant on the other side of the electrode in an electrochemical way. Water is slowly generated as the reaction proceeds on the hydrogen supply side of the electrode. The water comes from two main aspects, namely, the humidified hydrogen carries part of water to enter a fuel cell stack, and the water is left after the hydrogen reacts; the other part is that water generated by electrochemical reaction on the cathode side of the electrode is reverse-permeated to the anode side of the electrode through the membrane electrode. In order to carry this portion of the water out of the fuel cell stack from the anode side of the electrodes, a hydrogen flow greater than 1.0 stoichiometric ratio must be supplied to the fuel cell stack, making the hydrogen excess, and this portion of the water is carried away by the excess hydrogen as it leaves the fuel cell stack.
In order to recycle excess hydrogen and take out hydrogen from the hydrogen supply side of the electrodes in the fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulation pump or a hydrogen circulation device is used in the prior art. As shown in fig. 1, a water-vapor separator 6 is provided on the hydrogen gas outlet pipe, and a hydrogen gas circulation pump 10 is provided between the water-vapor separator 6 and the hydrogen gas inlet pipe. The excessive hydrogen is recycled by the hydrogen circulating pump, enters the fuel cell stack again to participate in the reaction, and simultaneously can take the two parts of water out of the fuel cell stack. For example, the patent technology "a hydrogen recycling device of fuel cell suitable for low-pressure operation", chinese patent No. 03255444.3.
The hydrogen recycling techniques described above are suitable for single fuel cell stacks. However, problems arise when the fuel cell stack is applied to a large fuel cell stack in which a plurality of single fuel cell stack modules are integrated.
In fact, current fuel cell power generation systems are used in vehicle power systems or as power plants, all of which require high power output. Such high power output requires that the fuel cell stack must achieve high voltage, high current output. In order to realize a high-power fuel cell stack, it is necessary to integrate a plurality of single fuel cell stack modules into a large fuel cell stack which is compact in size. For example, in the method of US Patent5486430, a plurality of single fuel cell stacks are arranged in parallel, and all the inlets and outlets of air, hydrogen and cooling water of each single fuel cell stack are uniformly integrated into a common front panel or rear panel. Six fluid channels shared by inlets and outlets of all air, hydrogen and cooling fluid on all single fuel cell stacks are arranged on the front end panel and the rear end panel. As described in "an integrated fuel cell (patent No. 02265512.3)" of shanghai mystery technologies, a plurality of fuel cell stacks share a collector plate on which a plurality of fuel cell stacks are integrated at the front and rear. The collecting panel is arranged in the middle of a plurality of fuel cell stacks, and the inlets and outlets of air, hydrogen and cooling fluid of all the fuel cell stacks are uniformly integrated on the common collecting panel. The collecting panel is provided with six fluid channels which are shared by the inlets and outlets of all air, hydrogen and cooling fluid on all fuel cell stacks.
Although each fuel cell stack module shares each fluid channel, each module has its own positive and negative current collecting mother board, and the whole integrated fuel cell can output the high voltage and large current requirements meeting the actual requirements by connecting the positive and negative mother boards on all the fuel cell modules in series and parallel.
For a fuel cell power generation system with higher power output, in principle, more fuel cell stack modules can be integrated, and the inlets and outlets of all air, hydrogen and cooling fluid on all the fuel cell stack modules share six fluid channels, i.e. the integrated large fuel cell stack is also an integrated structure with six fluid channels of total air, total hydrogen and total cooling fluid inlets and outlets.
In order to achieve higher volume, weight, and power density of the integrated fuel cell, the integrated fuel cell front end current collecting panel, rear end current collecting panel, or the central current collecting panel must be most compactly engineered, for example: US Patent 6159629, for an integrated fuel cell front and rear collector panel, employs a flow-directing deck structure manifold design, as shown in fig. 2, 3, 4.
The flow guide layer manifold design technology on the integrated fuel cell collecting panel can enable inlets and outlets of all air, hydrogen and cooling fluid on each fuel cell stack module in the integrated fuel cell to share six fluid channels, each total fluid channel forms one layer inside the collecting panel, and each layer is led out by an independent flow guide pipe port to form six fluid ports of the total air, total hydrogen and total cooling fluid inlets and outlets of the integrated fuel cell.
Although the integrated fuel cell achieves the purposes of compact volume and greatly improving the volume power density in terms of design, the technology has the following technical defects when the hydrogen fuel is recycled:
1. each fluid enters from the main fluid inlet of the integrated fuel cell collector panel, fills a layer and then is distributed to each fuel cell module. In order to increase the volumetric power density of the integrated fuel cell, the overall layer of inlet flow channels is often relatively narrow, and the inlet flow ports of the individual fuel cell modules do not occupy the entire area of the layer, but only a small portion of the layer (see fig. 3, 4, and 5). When the total inlet flow is a single-phase flow, such as cooling fluid-water, the total inlet flow channel of the entire narrow deck is completely filled with the flow, and then uniformly enters from the respective sub-inlet ports of the respective fuel cell modules, without causing any problem. However, when the fluid is in a two-phase flow state consisting of a large amount of gas and a small amount of liquid, the gas-phase fluid easily fills the total inlet fluid channel of the whole narrow layer and can uniformly enter each inlet fluid port of each fuel cell module, and a small amount of liquid fluid (often condensed water) accumulates in the total inlet fluid channel of the narrow layer, and when the liquid fluid accumulates to a large extent, the liquid fluid is randomly distributed to a certain fuel cell module, so that the guide grooves of the gas-phase flow are filled with liquid water and blocked.
The above-mentioned situation often happens in the total hydrogen inlet channel in the integrated fuel cell, the humidified hydrogen condenses out a small amount of liquid water due to the change of flow rate and temperature, and after accumulating a lot of water for a long time, it is easy to flow along with the hydrogen, and causes water blockage in the hydrogen guiding groove in one or several single cells in each fuel cell module. The water blockage in a hydrogen guide groove of a single cell can cause the fuel hydrogen of the single cell to be in a starvation state, the voltage is sharply reduced, and the electrode can be burnt out when the voltage is serious.
2. When a hydrogen recycling device such as a hydrogen circulating pump is used, in order to take out water on the hydrogen side of each fuel cell stack module in the whole integrated fuel cell stack, a hydrogen circulating pump or a hydrogen recycling device with a large circulating flow rate must be used, and the device with a large total circulating hydrogen flow rate needs to consume large power, so that the power generation efficiency of the whole fuel cell power generation system, namely the conversion efficiency of fuel hydrogen, is reduced. Moreover, such devices with large total circulating hydrogen flow tend to occupy a large volume of space in the overall fuel cell power generation system, add weight, and tend to be noisy.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving the above problems and providing an integrated fuel cell with optimized design for hydrogen inlet/outlet channels and recycling, which can avoid the accumulation of condensed water in the total hydrogen inlet channel.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides an integrated form fuel cell tohydrogen access way and cyclic utilization optimal design, include integrated form fuel cell stack and hydrogen cyclic utilization device that constitute by at least two fuel cell stack modules, both ends at integrated form fuel cell stack respectively are equipped with the mass flow end panel, or be equipped with the mass flow middle panel in the centre of integrated form fuel cell stack, be equipped with total hydrogen inlet channel on a mass flow end panel or in the middle panel of the mass flow, each fuel cell stack module is equipped with branch hydrogen inlet channel and expenditure hydrogen channel respectively, hydrogen cyclic utilization device includes hydrogen circulating pump and vapor separator, its characteristics are:
the total hydrogen inlet channel is a smooth pipeline and is horizontally arranged at the outer side of a current-collecting end panel or in a current-collecting middle panel, and a plurality of branch hydrogen inlet channels are divided from the side surface of the total hydrogen inlet channel and are respectively connected with branch hydrogen inlets of each fuel cell stack module;
the branched hydrogen channels of each fuel cell stack module are respectively and directly led out from the other current-collecting end panel or the current-collecting middle panel;
the hydrogen recycling device also comprises a combined electromagnetic valve, the inlet of each single valve in the combined electromagnetic valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen outlet channel of each fuel cell stack module, and the outlet of each single valve in the combined electromagnetic valve is respectively communicated with the water-steam separator through a header pipe.
The effective drift diameter of each branch hydrogen inlet channel is smaller than that of the total hydrogen inlet channel.
And the single valves in the combined electromagnetic valve can be respectively and sequentially conducted, so that the hydrogen fuel of each fuel cell stack module can be circulated in an intermittent or pulse mode.
The integrated fuel cell stack is composed of six fuel cell stack modules, and the combined electromagnetic valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is composed of six single electromagnetic valves.
The integrated fuel cell stack is composed of three fuel cell stack modules, and the combined electromagnetic valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is composed of three single electromagnetic valves.
The integrated fuel cell stack is composed of eight fuel cell stack modules, and the combined electromagnetic valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is composed of eight single electromagnetic valves.
The integrated fuel cell stack is composed of ten fuel cell stack modules, and the combined electromagnetic valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is composed of ten single electromagnetic valves.
Compared with the prior art, the integrated fuel cell with the hydrogen inlet and outlet channel and the recycling optimization design has the following advantages and positive effects due to the adoption of the technical scheme:
1. the fuel hydrogen firstly flows into a smooth and regular total hydrogen inlet channel in the flow collection end plate or the flow collection middle plate, and then flows out a plurality of branch hydrogen inlet channels connected with branch hydrogen inlets in each fuel cell module.
2. Because the hydrogen recycling device is optimally designed, a combined electromagnetic valve is additionally arranged, each single valve in the combined electromagnetic valve is directly communicated with each hydrogen outlet channel,and the intermittent and pulse circulation of the hydrogen fuel of each fuel cell stack module is realized by sequentially conducting each single valve, only a hydrogen circulating pump with smaller hydrogen circulating flow is needed, and the water on the hydrogen side in each fuel cell stack module can be more easily taken out. In addition, the hydrogen circulating pump with smaller hydrogen circulating flow is adopted, so that the device also has the beneficial effects of saving energy, reducing noise and occupying less space.
Drawings
The objects, specific structural features and advantages of the present invention will be further understood from the following description of an embodiment of an integrated fuel cell with optimized design for hydrogen access and recycling in accordance with the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Wherein, the attached drawings are as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic components of a prior art fuel cell power generation system;
fig. 2, 3, 4 are schematic diagrams of prior art manifolding of a manifold design for a manifold end plate flow plane structure;
FIG. 5 is an integrated fuel cell stack of the present invention with hydrogen access optimized;
FIG. 6 is another integrated fuel cell stack of the present invention with optimized design of hydrogen access channels;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the essential components of the hydrogen recycling apparatus according to the present invention, which is optimally designed for hydrogen recycling;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the basic components of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
See fig. 5, 6, 7. The integrated fuel cell of the present invention, which is optimally designed for hydrogen gas inlet/outlet channels and hydrogen gas recycling, comprises an integrated fuel cell stack 1 (as shown in fig. 5 and 6) composed of at least two fuel cell stack modules and a hydrogen gas recycling device (as shown in fig. 7), wherein current collecting end plates 101 and 102 (as shown in fig. 5) are respectively arranged at two ends of the integrated fuel cell stack 1, or a current collecting middle panel 103 (as shown in fig. 6) is arranged in the middle of the integrated fuel cell stack, a total hydrogen inlet channel 104 is arranged at the outer side (as shown in fig. 5) of one current collecting end plate (101) or in the current collecting middle panel 103 (as shown in fig. 6), a plurality of branch hydrogen inlet channels 104a and 104b … … are respectively communicated with hydrogen gas inlets of the fuel cell stack modules from the side of the total hydrogen inlet channel, and branch hydrogen channels 105a and 105b … … of each fuel cell stack module are respectively directly led out from the other current collecting end plate (as shown in fig. 102) or the current collecting middle panel 103, the effective drift diameter of each branch hydrogen inlet channel is smaller than that of the total hydrogen inlet channel.
The hydrogen recycling device (see fig. 7) comprises a hydrogen circulating pump 10, a water-vapor separator 6 and a combined electromagnetic valve 14, wherein the inlet of each single valve in the combined electromagnetic valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen outlet channel of each fuel cell stack module, and the outlet of each single valve in the combined electromagnetic valve is respectively communicated with the water-vapor separator through a header pipe. And the single valves in the combined electromagnetic valve can be respectively and sequentially conducted, so that the hydrogen fuel of each fuel cell stack module can be circulated in an intermittent or pulse mode.
The main structural components and the working principle of the integrated fuel cell of the invention, which is optimally designed for hydrogen gas inlet and outlet channels and cyclic utilization, can be further explained by the following embodiments:
referring to fig. 8, an integrated fuel cell stack 1 of an embodiment of an integrated fuel cell with an optimized design for hydrogen gas inlet/outlet and recycling includes six fuel cell stack modules, and a combined solenoid valve 14 composed of six single solenoid valves is disposed in a corresponding hydrogen recycling device. Six fuel cell stack modules share a common current collecting intermediate panel 103. The humidified fuel hydrogen flows into a circular total hydrogen inlet channel 104 from the upper part of the collecting middle panel and then flows out of six branch hydrogen inlet channels 104a, 104b and 104c … … connected with branch hydrogen inlets in the six fuel cell stack modules, and the humidified fuel hydrogen is uniformly distributed to the branch hydrogen inlet channels of the six fuel cell stack modules; the branching hydrogen channels 105a, 105b, 105c … … of each fuel cell stack module are respectively and independently led out directly from the current-collecting intermediate plate 104 and are connected with the inlets of the single valves in the combined solenoid valve 14 in a one-to-one correspondence manner. Other reference numbers in the figure, 2 is a hydrogen storage bottle or other hydrogen storage devices, 3 is a pressure reducing valve, 6 is a water-vapor separator, 10 is a hydrogen circulating pump, 11 is a humidifying device, and 13 is a hydrogen pressure stabilizing valve.
The integrated fuel cell has a nominal output of 70 kilowatts and a hydrogen supply of about 900 standard liters per minute with a hydrogen metering ratio of 1.2, and excess hydrogen of about 180 standard liters per minute needs to be circulated back through the hydrogen circulation pump. If the technical scheme of the invention is not adopted, a large circulation flow hydrogen diaphragm pump with the circulation flow of 180 liters/minute is needed to meet the requirement of the circulation flow. The pump consumes 600 watts of power and has a noise of up to 80 db and a weight of 15 kg. Because each fuel cell stack module adopts a total hydrogen inlet channel and a total hydrogen outlet channel, when the hydrogen circulation flow reaches 180 liters/minute, the average hydrogen circulation flow of each fuel cell stack module is only 30 liters/minute, and the circulation flow often cannot ensure the carrying-out of the hydrogen side water in each fuel cell stack module.
After the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, only one hydrogen diaphragm pump with medium circulation flow of 90 liters/minute is needed to meet the requirement of the circulation flow. The pump consumes only 250 watts of power and has only 60 db of noise and a weight of only 3 kg.
When the rated output power of the integrated fuel cell is 70 kilowatts, the hydrogen supply amount is about 900 liters/minute, and the integrated fuel cell operates according to the hydrogen metering ratio of 1.1, wherein only 90 liters/minute of excessive hydrogen is circulated back through the hydrogen circulating pump. Due to the adoption of the technical scheme of the invention, the integrated fuel cell stack consists of six fuel cell stack modules, and the branched hydrogen channel of each module is respectively led out from the current-collecting middle panel and is respectively connected with six single electromagnetic valves in the combined electromagnetic valve. The combinedelectromagnetic valve only opens one electromagnetic valve at any time, and only hydrogen enters the hydrogen outlet of one fuel cell stack module to circulate, so that the hydrogen circulation flow of each fuel cell stack module is up to 90 liters/minute, and hydrogen side water in the module is easily taken out of the fuel cell stack under the action of the large hydrogen circulation flow.
The single valves in the combined electromagnetic valve are opened in a circulating mode according to a fixed sequence in sequence, so that the hydrogen circulation of each fuel cell stack module is also intermittent pulse type. And has the advantages of energy saving and noise reduction.
The integrated fuel cell stack in the integrated fuel cell optimally designed for hydrogen gas inlet and outlet channels and recycling of the hydrogen gas in the present invention may be composed of more than two numbers of fuel cell stack modules, for example, 3, 8, 10, etc., and the combined solenoid valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is also composed of more than two numbers of single solenoid valves, for example, 3, 8, 10, etc.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an integrated form fuel cell to hydrogen access way and cyclic utilization optimal design, include integrated form fuel cell stack and hydrogen cyclic utilization device that constitute by at least two fuel cell stack modules, both ends at integrated form fuel cell stack respectively are equipped with the mass flow end panel, or be equipped with the mass flow middle panel in the centre of integrated form fuel cell stack, be equipped with total hydrogen inlet channel on a mass flow end panel or in the middle panel of the mass flow, each fuel cell stack module is equipped with branch hydrogen inlet channel and expenditure hydrogen channel respectively, hydrogen cyclic utilization device includes hydrogen circulating pump and vapor separator, its characterized in that:
the total hydrogen inlet channel is a smooth pipeline and is horizontally arranged at the outer side of a current-collecting end panel or in a current-collecting middle panel, and a plurality of branch hydrogen inlet channels are divided from the side surface of the total hydrogen inlet channel and are respectively connected with branch hydrogen inlets of each fuel cell stack module;
the branched hydrogen channels of each fuel cell stack module are respectively and directly led out from the other current-collecting end panel or the current-collecting middle panel;
the hydrogen recycling device also comprises a combined electromagnetic valve, the inlet of each single valve in the combined electromagnetic valve is respectively communicated with the hydrogen outlet channel of each fuel cell stack module, and the outlet of each single valve in the combined electromagnetic valve is respectively communicated with the water-steam separator through a header pipe.
2. The integrated fuel cell of claim 1 having an optimized design for hydrogen gas access and recycling, wherein: the effective drift diameter of each branch hydrogen inlet channel is smaller than that of the total hydrogen inlet channel.
3. The integrated fuel cell of claim 1 having an optimized design for hydrogen gas access and recycling, wherein: and the single valves in the combined electromagnetic valve can be respectively and sequentially conducted, so that the hydrogen fuel of each fuel cell stack module can be circulated in an intermittent or pulse mode.
4. The integrated fuel cell of claim 1 having anoptimized design for hydrogen gas access and recycling, wherein: the integrated fuel cell stack is composed of six fuel cell stack modules, and the combined electromagnetic valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is composed of six single electromagnetic valves.
5. The integrated fuel cell of claim 1 having an optimized design for hydrogen gas access and recycling, wherein: the integrated fuel cell stack is composed of three fuel cell stack modules, and the combined electromagnetic valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is composed of three single electromagnetic valves.
6. The integrated fuel cell of claim 1 having an optimized design for hydrogen gas access and recycling, wherein: the integrated fuel cell stack is composed of eight fuel cell stack modules, and the combined electromagnetic valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is composed of eight single electromagnetic valves.
7. The integrated fuel cell of claim 1 having an optimized design for hydrogen gas access and recycling, wherein: the integrated fuel cell stack is composed of ten fuel cell stack modules, and the combined electromagnetic valve in the corresponding hydrogen recycling device is composed of ten single electromagnetic valves.
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| CNB2004100677136A CN100511792C (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2004-11-02 | Integrated fuel cell for optimization design for hydrogen gas access channels and circulating uses |
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| CNB2004100677136A CN100511792C (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2004-11-02 | Integrated fuel cell for optimization design for hydrogen gas access channels and circulating uses |
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| CN100511792C CN100511792C (en) | 2009-07-08 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107978822A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-01 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell system structure with hydrogen circulation and heat exchange function |
| CN108448149A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-08-24 | 中国第汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of split type fuel cell |
| CN108987781A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-11 | 中氢新能技术有限公司 | Fuel cell pile method for arranging and fuel cell |
| CN109088084A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-25 | 中氢新能技术有限公司 | Fuel cell power plant pile method for arranging and fuel cell power plant |
| CN110098421A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-06 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Method for manufacturing integrated water vapor transmission device and fuel cell |
| CN110165265A (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2019-08-23 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Manufacture the method-II of integrated water vapor transport device and fuel cell |
| CN110380095A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-25 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Integrated fuel cell electricity generation system and device and its configuration method |
| CN112825364A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-21 | 上海德威明兴新能源科技有限公司 | Multi-channel hydrogen ejector module with water management function |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107978822A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-05-01 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel cell system structure with hydrogen circulation and heat exchange function |
| CN107978822B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2023-09-22 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system structure with hydrogen circulation and heat exchange functions |
| CN110098421A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-06 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Method for manufacturing integrated water vapor transmission device and fuel cell |
| CN110098421B (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2022-07-26 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Method for manufacturing integrated water vapor transmission device and fuel cell |
| CN110165265A (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2019-08-23 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Manufacture the method-II of integrated water vapor transport device and fuel cell |
| CN110165265B (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2022-04-15 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Method of manufacturing an integrated water vapor transport device and fuel cell-II |
| CN108448149A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-08-24 | 中国第汽车股份有限公司 | A kind of split type fuel cell |
| CN110380095A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2019-10-25 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Integrated fuel cell electricity generation system and device and its configuration method |
| CN108987781A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-11 | 中氢新能技术有限公司 | Fuel cell pile method for arranging and fuel cell |
| CN109088084A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-25 | 中氢新能技术有限公司 | Fuel cell power plant pile method for arranging and fuel cell power plant |
| CN112825364A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-21 | 上海德威明兴新能源科技有限公司 | Multi-channel hydrogen ejector module with water management function |
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