CN101577342A - Fuel cell with humidification zone of single cell - Google Patents
Fuel cell with humidification zone of single cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN101577342A CN101577342A CNA200910086830XA CN200910086830A CN101577342A CN 101577342 A CN101577342 A CN 101577342A CN A200910086830X A CNA200910086830X A CN A200910086830XA CN 200910086830 A CN200910086830 A CN 200910086830A CN 101577342 A CN101577342 A CN 101577342A
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 166
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell with the humidification zone of a single cell. The fuel cell is formed by the superposition of a plurality of monomers; each monomer comprises a cathode flow field plate, an anode flow field plate, a sealing element and a membrane electrode, wherein the membrane electrode consists of a reaction zone and a humidification zone, and corresponding reaction zones and humidification zones are also included in the anode flow field plate and the cathode flow field plate. After entering the monomers of the fuel cell, the cathode reaction air firstly passes through the humidification zone of the cathode flow field plate and then enters the reaction zone to participate in an electrochemical reaction, and later enters the humidification zone on the anode flow field plate through an air channel arranged on the membrane electrode, and water in tail gas can humidify the entering gas by penetrating a proton exchange membrane in the humidification zone of the membrane electrode. The fuel cell directly utilizes the tail gas of air to humidify the entering gas; and as the humidification zone and the reaction zone are on the same membrane electrode, and the structure is simple, the water management of the fuel cell can be greatly simplified and the power density of the system can be improved. The fuel cell can be applied to various fields such as uninterruptible power supply systems, electric vehicle engine systems, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention belongs to fuel cell field, refers in particular to the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells technology of not having outer humidification of using.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of uninterruptable power generation device that the fuel and the chemical energy in the oxidant of outside supply are transformed into electric energy.Since fuel battery power density and energy density height, clean and effective, and the power bracket broadness all has a wide range of applications in every field such as micro power, portable power source, vehicular engine, stationary electric power plants, therefore is subjected to the extensive attention of countries in the world.The U.S., Japan, Canada, each state of Europe are all at the active development fuel cell technology, and nearly all in the world at present big automobile making commercial city is at the development of fuel cells electric automobile.
Present fuel cell technology is mainly according to making several types, alkaline fuel cell, phosphoric acid fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell etc. electrolytical different the branch.Develop at present comparative maturity and application prospect be the most widely Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (Proton Exchange Membrane FuelCell, PEMFC).
In Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, electrolyte is to have the proton exchange membrane that proton passes to performance, and what extensively adopt at present is perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane.The transmission of proton in dielectric film will rely on hydrone as the conduction carrier, so, water content in the proton exchange membrane has very large influence to fuel cell performance, has best proton conductive when water is in saturation condition in the film, and fuel cell also can be brought into play best power generation performance.So carrying out humidification or preserve moisture for proton exchange membrane is inevitable choice in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.
At present, traditional PEMFC humidifying technology is active humidification mode, promptly provides the water source from the external world.Humidifying method has bubbling humidification, film humidification, dew point humidification, direct water filling etc., can be divided into outer humidification and interior humidification two classes by the integrated tightness degree with battery pile: outer humidification is that humidification subsystem and battery are separated, and carries out humidification before reacting gas enters battery; Interior humidification is that humidification subsystem and battery are become one, and carries out humidification after reacting gas enters battery.
Canadian crust rad energy resource system company has proposed to make up the scheme of humidifier in pile, use the cooling water humidification reacting gas (WO 01/67533) of pile.Such battery system is realized interior humidification with film usually, and the humidifier membrane material generally selects for use E.I.Du Pont Company to produce at present
The series amberplex, also have utilize milipore filter (UF) and reverse osmosis membrane (RO) as the research of moistened membrane report (Journal of Power Sources, 1998,74:146-150).For membrane humidifier, the practical external water circulation that adopts provides humidification water, and pile cooling simultaneously needs cooling water, because the water quality requirement difference, two kinds of water can not unite two into one again, needs to make up two cover water circulation systems in the system, causes system complex, subsidiary engine power consumption height.
Directly the water filling humidification can allow the amount of humidification of customization in reacting gas, can inject aqueous water or inject steam.The former relies on booster pump pressurized jet current, and making current is the reacting gas water filling by high pressure nozzle.U.S. DynEco company develops a kind of 112B4 type wet hydrogen circulator, and rated power is 30W, can cooperate direct water filling humidifying technology (US6268074) well, and (12Vdc 48W) can make hydraulic pressure rise to 60 ~ 145Psi to booster pump.It is the technology that the PEMFC anode directly injects aqueous water that U.S. Pat 5958613 discloses a kind of, can provide the water yield for cell power generation, can utilize the evaporation latent heat of aqueous water to cool off pile again.The purpose that U.S. Pat 5432020 disclosed humidifiers use reaction gas flow at a high speed and water smoke blend to reach humidification, be particularly suitable for humidification to air, because air was handled the back temperature through overcompression and can be raise before entering PEMFC, add aqueous water and help lowering the temperature.The direct humidification of aqueous water can be simplified humidification system, but the liquid water yield that enters battery needs meticulous control.
Utilization adds the water source to be carried out humidification to fuel cell pile and must make up water circuit system, needs associated components such as water tank, water circulation pipe, pump, valve at least, needs simultaneously water level is monitored, and carries out moisturizing when cistern water level is not enough.Yet because fuel cell hydrogen and oxygen reaction generation water when work, the water of generation is recycled to water tank after can separating through carbonated drink.From this point, add the complexity that the water humidification has brought system.For fuel cell, the water role is to keep the wetability of film, and to keep good ionic conducting property, the water of reaction generation is just enough in fact.So reclaiming steam in the fuel cell tail gas, to carry out humidification to air inlet just extremely important, particularly fuel battery negative pole tail gas.The steam that reclaims in the tail gas is used for the humidification air inlet, helps simplified system, reduces internal system subsidiary engine power consumption, improves power density.
U.S. Emprise company has developed a kind of reaction end gas that utilizes pile carries out humidification to reacting gas outer humidifier (US6013385), its core is a discoid ceramic porous material, chemical composition is cordierite (2MgO-2Al2O3-5SiO2), it is little that this material gas is transmitted resistance, has high mechanical properties and strong absorptive.Humidifier is divided into two cavitys, the tail gas that gives off from pile contains certain used heat and a large amount of moisture, when flowing through cordierite material, discharges heat and dehydrated, like this when driven by motor cordierite disk rotates, at the dry reaction gas of opposite side just by humidification.The water yield rate of recovery can reach 85-90%, and its life test has surpassed 10000 hours.U.S. Pat 6471195 discloses a kind of doughnut humidifier, and the employing diameter is 2mm, and the hollow fiber conduit of long 250mm is as the exchange of moisture material.When the fuel battery negative pole exhaust gas discharged was flowed through these hollow fiber membrane materials, the large quantity of moisture in the waste gas was condensed, and was delivered to outside fresh air by the capillary on the tube wall, reached the purpose of humidification.
More than two kinds of humidifying methods all be to utilize cathode exhaust gas to come the humidification air inlet, adopting Nafion pipe humidifier to reclaim steam in the cathode exhaust gas, to carry out air wetting respond well, this humidifier has been obtained commercial applications.In fuel cell system, that adopts outer humidifier can obtain good humidification effect, adopts the steam way of recycling that external water source humidification method or no external water source are arranged no matter be.But, behind the reacting gas process external humidification device humidification, need be transported to fuel cell by utilidor, avoid water vapor condensation.Simultaneously, the reacting gas behind the humidification enters in the gas distribution pipeline of pile, enters into the gas distribution flow field of monocell again by the gas passage on the monocell.Because the reacting gas behind the humidification enters into the process steam in battery flow field from gas distribution pipeline can be in gas service pipes middle part segregation junction, the gas that keep entering each cell remains on identical humidity level and is difficult to accomplish.Owing to the inhomogeneities that gas distributes, cause the difference of cell performance easily, this species diversity can obtain amplifying after pile works long hours.It is all big than the cell that is in the middle part to pass through the probability and the amplitude that experiment showed, the cell performance degradation that is in the fuel cell two ends.So the uniformity that how to keep gas in each cell and water distribution is a key issue of fuel cell operation steady in a long-term needs solution.
In fuel cell pile, owing to be by being connected in series, the electric current that every joint cell flows through is identical, and the water yield that is produced is identical.That is to say that if make the amount of reactant gases that enters every joint cell roughly the same by flow field optimization, the gas humidity that flows out cell also is roughly the same.If utilize the tail gas that flows out every joint cell to carry out humidification, just can guarantee that every joint cell battery all is in close humidity level, makes fuel cell keep consistency preferably for the air inlet that flows into this joint cell.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of fuel cell with humidification zone, there are humidification zone and reaction zone in each fuel cell inside, the reacting gas that enters fuel cell at first carries out humidification through humidification zone, and then enter reaction zone participation electrochemical reaction, cross humidification zone through the high humility tail gas stream behind the reaction zone and come to carry out humidification for air inlet.By this humidification mode, can make the humidity that the reacting gas that enters every joint individual fuel cells is consistent, help fuel cell operation steady in a long-term, simultaneously, utilize this interior humidification mode, simplify the water management of fuel cell system, can make battery structure compact more, improved system capacity density.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of fuel cell with humidification zone of single cell, it is formed by stacking by at least two fuel cells, each fuel cell contains anode flow field board 100, membrane electrode 200 and cathode flow field plate 300 successively, it is characterized in that: each fuel cell membrane electrode 200 comprises humidification zone 202 and reaction zone 203, each fuel cell anode flow field board 100 comprises anode humidification flow field 102 and anodic gas reactive flowfield 103, and each fuel cell cathode flow field plate 300 comprises negative electrode humidification flow field 302 and cathode gas reactive flowfield 303; Anode humidification flow field 102, membrane electrode humidification zone 202,302 positions, negative electrode humidification flow field are corresponding mutually; After cathode reaction gas 309 enters fuel cell, enter cathode gas reactive flowfield 303 behind negative electrode humidification flow field 302 humidifications of flowing through, pass the membrane electrode back, anode humidification flow field 102 of flowing through again and flow out batteries; In anode humidification flow field 102, the humidification zone 202 that the steam in the cathode reaction tail gas 310 sees through membrane electrode is delivered in the negative electrode humidification flow field 302, is at least a humidification that carries out in cathode reaction gas 309 and the anode reaction gas 109.
The reaction zone 203 of fuel cell membrane electrode 200 of the present invention comprises anode diffusion layer 211, anode catalyst layer 212, proton exchange membrane 213, cathode catalysis layer 214, cathode diffusion layer 215; The humidification zone 202 of described fuel cell membrane electrode 200 comprises anode support 216, proton exchange membrane 213, cathode support layer 217; Be furnished with gas via-hole 204 on the described fuel cell membrane electrode 200, cathode gas reactive flowfield 303 on the connection cathode flow field plate 300 and the anode humidification flow field 102 on the anode flow field board 100.
Technical characterictic of the present invention also is: be provided with anode seal 106 between described anode flow field board 100 and the membrane electrode 200, anode reaction gas 109 and cathode reaction tail gas 310 are kept apart, simultaneously holding anode reacting gas 109 and cathode reaction gas 309 air-tightness to external world.Be provided with negative electrode seal 306 between described cathode flow field plate 300 and the membrane electrode 200, holding anode reacting gas 109 and cathode reaction gas 309 air-tightness to external world, and cathode gas is flowed according to the type of flow of design.
Described anode humidification flow field 102 and anodic gas reactive flowfield 103 are arranged on the side of anode flow field board 100 towards membrane electrode 200, are provided with fuel cell coolant flow field 401 on the side of membrane electrode dorsad at anode flow field board.Described negative electrode humidification flow field 302 and cathode gas reactive flowfield 303 are arranged on the side of cathode flow field plate 300 towards membrane electrode 200, cathode flow field plate dorsad membrane electrode one side be provided with fuel cell coolant flow field 401.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and the high-lighting effect: comprise reaction zone and humidification zone on the 1. same fuel cell membrane electrode, directly utilize the high humility reaction end gas that flows through reaction zone humidification to be carried out in air inlet at humidification zone, can make that each individual fuel cells reaction gas humidity is consistent in the pile, help improving fuel battery stability.2. the fuel cell humidifying district is integrated in the membrane electrode, has avoided use external humidification device, has reduced the fuel cell system complexity, has reduced water management subsidiary engine power consumption, has improved the power density and the energy density of fuel cell.3. humidification zone and reaction zone are integrated in the membrane electrode, only on anode flow field board and cathode flow field plate corresponding gas flow are necessarily designed, and group heap mode and conventional fuel cell are in full accord, convenient and simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fuel cell structure three-dimensional exploded view of band monocell humidification zone of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the side schematic view of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the side rough schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numeral:
The 100-anode flow field board; Cathode gas air inlet distributing pipe on the 101-anode flow field board;
102-anode humidification flow field; 103-anode reaction flow field;
104-enters the cathode gas import of anode flow field board from cathode flow field plate;
Cathode gas exhaust distributing pipe on the 105-anode flow field board;
The 106-anode seal; Anodic gas air inlet distributing pipe on the 107-anode flow field board;
Anodic gas exhaust distributing pipe on the 108-anode flow field board;
The 109-anode reaction gas; 110-anode reaction tail gas;
The 200-membrane electrode; Cathode gas air admission hole on the 201-membrane electrode;
The 202-humidification zone; The 203-reaction zone;
Gas via-hole on the 204-membrane electrode; Cathode gas steam vent on the 205-membrane electrode;
Anodic gas air admission hole on the 207-membrane electrode; Anodic gas steam vent on the 208-membrane electrode;
211-membrane electrode anode diffusion layer; 212-membrane electrode anode catalyst layer;
The 213-proton exchange membrane; 214-membrane electrode cathode Catalytic Layer;
215-membrane electrode cathode diffusion layer; 216-membrane electrode humidification zone anode support;
217-membrane electrode humidification zone cathode support layer; The 300-cathode flow field plate;
Cathode gas air inlet distributing pipe on the 301-cathode flow field plate;
302-negative electrode humidification flow field; 303-cathode reaction flow field;
304-flows to the cathode gas outlet of anode flow field board from cathode flow field plate;
Cathode gas exhaust distributing pipe on the 305-cathode flow field plate;
306-negative electrode seal; Anodic gas air inlet distributing pipe on the 307-cathode flow field plate;
Anodic gas exhaust distributing pipe on the 308-cathode flow field plate;
The 309-cathode reaction gas; 310-cathode reaction tail gas; 401-fuel cell coolant flow field.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing structure of the present invention and embodiment are further described.
Embodiment one:
One embodiment of the present invention have been shown among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.The fuel cell of band humidification zone of single cell of the present invention is formed by stacking by two and plural fuel cell, and Fig. 1 has shown the three-dimensional decomposition texture schematic diagram of a fuel cell of this invention, and Fig. 2 is the side schematic view of a fuel cell.As can see from Figure 1, contain anode flow field board 100, membrane electrode 200 and cathode flow field plate 300 in the fuel cell successively, wherein, fuel cell membrane electrode 200 comprises humidification zone 202 and reaction zone 203, anode flow field board 100 comprises anode humidification flow field 102 and anodic gas reactive flowfield 103, and cathode flow field plate 300 comprises negative electrode humidification flow field 302 and cathode gas reactive flowfield 303.The reaction zone 203 of anodic gas reactive flowfield 103, membrane electrode and cathode gas reactive flowfield 303 positions are corresponding mutually, constitute the electrochemical reaction part of fuel cell, in this zone, electrochemical reaction takes place, and the chemical energy in anode reaction gas 109 and the cathode reaction gas 309 is transformed into electric energy.The humidification zone 202 of anode humidification flow field 102, membrane electrode and 302 positions, negative electrode humidification flow field are corresponding mutually, constitute the humidification part of fuel cell, water vapour sees through membrane electrode from anode humidification flow field 202 humidification zone 202 enters negative electrode humidification flow field 302, for cathode reaction gas 309 is carried out humidification.In the present embodiment, the humidification of fuel cell partly is positioned at the battery bottom, and reactive moieties is positioned at top.The humidification part and the position of reactive moieties in fuel cell of fuel cell might not be the fixed position, the humidification part can be in the top or the bottom of fuel cell, left part or right part, but must keep cathode and anode reactive flowfield and membrane electrode reaction zone position correspondence, cathode and anode humidification flow field and membrane electrode humidification zone position correspondence.Taked the layout of humidification part in the present embodiment in the reactive moieties bottom, originally be furnished with an advantage, after the supersaturation water that reactive moieties produces condenses into liquid state, can be along with action of gravity down flows to the humidification part, promptly help keeping the water source of humidification part, help the draining of fuel cell again.
In the present embodiment, a target reacting gas 309 carries out humidification, and antianode reacting gas 109 does not carry out humidification.In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the concrete type of flow of gas in fuel cell is: cathode reaction gas 309 enters the fuel cell distributing pipe from the cathode gas inlet of pile, cathode gas air inlet distributing pipe 301 from cathode flow field plate enters the individual fuel cells flow field, at first flow through humidification flow field 302 on the cathode flow field plate, herein, steam sees through the anode support 216 of membrane electrode humidification zone, proton exchange membrane 213 and cathode support layer 217 are delivered to negative electrode humidification flow field 302 from anode humidification flow field 102, and the cathode gas humidity that enters fuel cell is increased.Cathode reaction gas behind the humidification flows into the cathode reaction flow field 303 on the cathode flow field plate again.At reaction zone, because the generation of electrochemical reaction of fuel battery generates water at negative electrode, along with cathode gas flowing in runner, the humidity of cathode gas increases thereupon.Flow to the cathode gas outlet 304 outflow cathode flow field plates of anode flow field board at last by cathode flow field plate through the cathode gas of reaction zone, pass the gas via-hole 204 on the membrane electrode, the cathode gas import 104 on the runner anode flow field board and entering in the humidification flow field of anode flow field board.In anode humidification flow field, water vapour in the cathode gas tail gas can enter negative electrode humidification flow field 302 through the membrane electrode humidification zone and carry out humidification for the cathode gas air inlet, simultaneously, the latent heat that heat in the cathode gas tail gas and cathode gas tail gas water vapour discharge in condensation process also sees through the membrane electrode humidification zone and passes to the cathode gas air inlet, play the effect of heat exchange, can allow cathode gas enter reaction zone like this and obtain before preheating earlier.Because humidification zone is arranged on the bottom of fuel cell, if cathode gas supersaturation in the course of reaction, the aqueous water that condenses into also can be taken to humidification zone by cathode gas by gas flow, keeps the high humility of membrane electrode humidification zone proton exchange membrane.After the exchange of sufficient water and heat took place in anode humidification flow field, cathode gas tail gas entered the cathode gas exhaust distributing pipe 105 on the anode flow field board, discharged pile through the cathode gas outlet of pile at last.Aqueous water excessive in the pile also flows out battery by cathode gas exhaust distributing pipe.After anodic gas enters pile anodic gas air inlet distributing pipe from pile anodic gas inlet, anodic gas air inlet distributing pipe 107 from positive plate enters individual fuel cells, individual fuel cells is flowed out from the anodic gas exhaust distributing pipe on the positive plate in 103 backs, the anode reaction of flowing through flow field, flows out fuel cell pile from pile anodic gas air exit again.
As can see from Figure 2, in the present embodiment, be provided with anode seal 106 between anode flow field board 100 and the membrane electrode 200, anode reaction gas 109 and cathode reaction tail gas 310 are kept apart, simultaneously holding anode reacting gas 109 and cathode reaction gas 309 air-tightness to external world.Be provided with negative electrode seal 306 between cathode flow field plate 300 and the membrane electrode 200, holding anode reacting gas 109 and cathode reaction gas 309 air-tightness to external world, and the above-mentioned type of flow of cathode gas is flowed.Sealing for fuel cell, also can only adopt in anode seal 106 and the negative electrode seal 306, as long as design is proper, also can realize both having guaranteed the isolation of anodic gas and cathode gas, reacting gas and extraneous isolation can guarantee that again anodic gas and cathode gas flow according to the type of flow of design.
As can see from Figure 2, anode flow field board 100 is furnished with anode humidification flow field 102 and anodic gas reactive flowfield 103 towards a side of membrane electrode 200, on membrane electrode 200 1 sides fuel cell coolant flow field 401 is arranged dorsad, and cathode flow field plate 300 is furnished with negative electrode humidification flow field 302 and cathode gas reactive flowfield 303 towards a side of membrane electrode 200, and a side of membrane electrode 200 is a tabula rasa dorsad.Flow through cooling agent (can be air, water or other cooling agents) in the fuel cell coolant flow field 401, with the temperature of control fuel cell.In this kind design, anode flow field board 100 is a bipolar plates, promptly brings into play the effect of anodic gas flow-field plate, also brings into play the effect of coldplate.Cooling for fuel cell, multiple design is arranged, both can anode flow field board 100 dorsad a side of membrane electrode 200 coolant flow field 401 is set, also can cathode flow field plate 300 dorsad a side of membrane electrode 200 coolant flow field 401 is set, can also on anode flow field board 100 and cathode flow field plate 300, coolant flow field 401 be set all, even can on anode flow field board 100 and cathode flow field plate 300, not design coolant flow field 401 yet, and in the middle of two fuel cells, increase a coldplate again, on coldplate, design coolant flow field.
In the present embodiment, only utilize the air inlet of cathode gas tail gas target gas to carry out humidification, do not have the air inlet of antianode gas to carry out humidification.For hydrogen-air fuel cell, because air mass flow is bigger 2～5 times than hydrogen flowing quantity, if negative electrode is taken fuel battery inside moisture out of extremely easily entirely with the air inlet of air dry gas with gaseous form, make the membrane electrode reaction zone be dried, battery performance and life-span all can descend.This situation is very important for the fuel cell of atmospheric operation, so the humidification of target air inlet is very necessary.And the anode hydrogen gas flow is less, also can adopt the anode " locked in " operation, cooperates with the method for exhausting at intermittence, and fuel battery performance does not have too big reduction, so can carry out humidification by a target air inlet, humidification is not carried out in the air inlet of antianode hydrogen.
Embodiment two:
What Fig. 3 showed is the rough schematic view of another kind of execution mode, promptly utilizes air tail gas while antianode gas and cathode gas air inlet to carry out humidification.In the present embodiment, the type of flow of cathode gas is identical with embodiment one, and different is, when anodic gas enters individual fuel cells, and humidification flow field 302 on the cathode flow field plate 300 of at first flowing through.Humidification flow field on the cathode flow field plate is divided into two parts at this moment, a part is anodic gas humidification flow field, another part is cathode gas humidification flow field, be spaced from each other by seal 306 between anodic gas humidification flow field and the cathode gas humidification flow field, avoid anodic gas to mix mutually with cathode gas.Corresponding membrane electrode humidification zone also divides does anodic gas humidification zone and two parts of cathode gas humidification zone.After anodic gas enters anodic gas humidification zone on the cathode flow field plate, absorbed from anode humidification flow field 102 behind moisture and heat that the anodic gas humidification zone on the membrane electrode 200 passes over, humidity is increased, and then the gas via-hole 204 on the process membrane electrode flows to the anode reaction flow field 103 on the anode flow field board 100 from the anodic gas humidification flow field on the cathode flow field plate 300, participate in electrochemical reaction at membrane electrode reaction zone 203, flow to anodic gas exhaust distributing pipe at last and flow out battery again.In the present embodiment, anode reaction gas 109 and cathode reaction gas 309 are all carried out humidification and preheating by cathode gas 310 tail gas, help the reaction of fuel cell more.But, because anode reaction gas 109 and cathode reaction gas 309 all need must separate two kinds of gases on anode flow field board 100 and the cathode flow field plate 300 through humidification, need to increase seal, complexity has increased on the structure, and membrane electrode is made and more bothered.Simultaneously, because anodic gas is shared same moistening zone with cathode gas, in order to guarantee abundant humidification, the area of humidification zone needs corresponding increase.
The real work principle of patent of the present invention is as follows: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells in the course of the work, can generate water at negative electrode, along with cathode gas in cathode flow field from the flowing of the Way out that enters the mouth, gas humidity can increase by assembly, and may reach supersaturation.And for anode that enters fuel cell and cathode reaction gas, the humidification that need carry out to a certain degree just can better be brought into play fuel cell performance.Proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell membrane electrode itself is hydrophilic, and water can transmit in proton exchange membrane under concentration gradient, and therefore, the cathode exhaust gas that utilizes high humility becomes possibility for anode and cathode reaction gas dry gas carry out humidification.In the present invention, comprise reaction zone and humidification zone in the membrane electrode of fuel cell, what take place at reaction zone is the reaction of fuel cell, and the transmission of water vapour in proton exchange membrane only takes place humidification zone.The respective anode flow-field plate comprises anode reaction flow field and anode humidification flow field, and cathode flow field plate also comprises cathode reaction flow field and negative electrode humidification flow field.The negative electrode humidification flow field of flowing through earlier when the cathode reaction gas dry gas enters fuel cell, humidity obtains increasing, enter the cathode reaction flow field then, electrochemical reaction takes place, humidity progressively increases, enter anode humidification flow field at last, steam permeable proton exchange membrane wherein is delivered to negative electrode humidification flow field, is the cathode reaction gas humidification.Equally, anode reaction gas also can be introduced into the negative electrode humidification flow field on the cathode flow field plate, obtains to enter the anode reaction flow field behind the humidification, takes place to flow out fuel cell after the electrochemical reaction.Anode reaction gas also can be without humidification, flows out fuel cell after directly entering the anode reaction flow field.In the present invention, the humidification and the reaction of fuel cell become one, help simplifying humidification, reduce the complexity of system, improve the energy density of fuel cell system.
Claims (7)
1. fuel cell with humidification zone of single cell, it is formed by stacking by at least two fuel cells, each fuel cell contains anode flow field board (100) successively, membrane electrode (200) and cathode flow field plate (300), it is characterized in that: each fuel cell membrane electrode (200) comprises humidification zone (202) and reaction zone (203), each fuel cell anode flow field board (100) comprises anode humidification flow field (102) and anodic gas reactive flowfield (103), and each fuel cell cathode flow field plate (300) comprises negative electrode humidification flow field (302) and cathode gas reactive flowfield (303); Anode humidification flow field (102), membrane electrode humidification zone (202), position, negative electrode humidification flow field (302) are corresponding mutually; After cathode reaction gas (309) enters fuel cell, enter cathode gas reactive flowfield (303) behind negative electrode humidification flow field (302) humidification of flowing through, pass flow through anode humidification flow field (102) back of membrane electrode again and flow out battery; In anode humidification flow field (102), the humidification zone (202) that steam in the cathode reaction tail gas (310) sees through membrane electrode is delivered in the negative electrode humidification flow field (302), is at least a humidification that carries out in cathode reaction gas (309) and the anode reaction gas (109).
2. according to the described a kind of fuel cell with humidification zone of single cell of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the reaction zone (203) of described fuel cell membrane electrode (200) comprises anode diffusion layer (211), anode catalyst layer (212), proton exchange membrane (213), cathode catalysis layer (214) and cathode diffusion layer (215); The humidification zone (202) of described fuel cell membrane electrode (200) comprises anode support (216), proton exchange membrane (213) and cathode support layer (217); Be furnished with gas via-hole (204) on the described fuel cell membrane electrode (200), cathode gas reactive flowfield (303) on the gas via-hole connection cathode flow field plate (300) and the anode humidification flow field (102) on the anode flow field board (100).
3. according to the described a kind of fuel cell of claim 1 with humidification zone of single cell, it is characterized in that: be provided with anode seal (106) between described anode flow field board (100) and the membrane electrode (200), anode reaction gas (109) and cathode reaction tail gas (310) are kept apart, simultaneously holding anode reacting gas (109) and cathode reaction gas (309) air-tightness to external world.
4. according to the described a kind of fuel cell of claim 1 with humidification zone of single cell, it is characterized in that: be provided with negative electrode seal (306) between described cathode flow field plate (300) and the membrane electrode (200), holding anode reacting gas (109) and cathode reaction gas (309) air-tightness to external world, and cathode gas is flowed according to the type of flow of design.
5. according to the described a kind of fuel cell of claim 1 with humidification zone of single cell, it is characterized in that: described anode humidification flow field (102) and anodic gas reactive flowfield (103) are arranged on the side of anode flow field board (100) towards membrane electrode (200), are provided with fuel cell coolant flow field (401) on the side of membrane electrode dorsad at anode flow field board.
6. according to the described a kind of fuel cell of claim 1 with humidification zone of single cell, it is characterized in that: described negative electrode humidification flow field (302) and cathode gas reactive flowfield (303) are arranged on the side of cathode flow field plate (300) towards membrane electrode (200), cathode flow field plate dorsad membrane electrode one side be provided with fuel cell coolant flow field (401).
7. according to the described a kind of fuel cell of claim 1 with humidification zone of single cell, it is characterized in that: described anode reaction gas (109) is the mist of hydrogen or hydrogen, and described cathode reaction gas (309) is oxygen, oxygen rich gas or air.
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