CN112481651A - 一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料及其制备方法,该复合阴极材料包括上下两层碳布和中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层,中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层主要由短切碳纤维、石墨粉和呋喃树脂组成。该复合阴极材料经压力下模压成型,再经过碳化‑石墨化‑(化学气相渗透)CVI‑(化学气相沉积)CVD等过程得到最终碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料。相比铜阴极生产,制备得到的二氧化锰产品中的铜、铁等杂质含量低;相对于石墨阴极和碳棒阴极,该阴极的强度和韧性更好;模压成型的工艺突破了冷等静压对阴极尺寸的限制,可以生产尺寸更大的阴极;经CVI和CVD处理的复合阴极材料能极大的抑制表层和心部钙镁结晶的形成,大大延长了极板的清洗周期。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碳/碳复合材料及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种面向二氧化锰生产应用的碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前电解二氧化锰(EMD)的生产工艺主要采用铜、石墨、碳棒等析氢阴极进行电解生产。在酸性电解环境下,铜阴极容易被腐蚀,并被吸附进入产品中,当铜含量达到1.5ppm以上时,将影响产品质量;同时铜阴极容易损坏,经常要维修和更换,增加了生产成本。石墨和碳棒阴极因为材料脆性高,在使用过程中经常被折断,经常需要更换。而且石墨、碳棒阴极无法大型化,只适合小型电解槽的生产。
碳/碳复合材料全称为碳纤维增强碳基复合材料,是一种以碳纤维或石墨纤维制成预制体后液相浸渍或化学气相沉积等方法制备而成的复合材料。电阻率方面,碳/碳复合材料(12μΩ∙m-18μΩ∙m)介于石墨(8μΩ∙m-13μΩ∙m)和碳棒(22μΩ∙m-28μΩ∙m)之间,具有远高于石墨和碳棒的强度和韧性,且其不含金属元素,可以避免金属杂质对EMD产品质量的影响,十分适合用作EMD生产的阴极材料。在此基础上,我们采用高强高韧的碳布夹持碳纤维增强碳基复合材料的结构进一步强韧化材料,使其强韧性满足实际生产过程中吊装、冲洗等的要求。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:针对上述现有技术的不足,提供一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料及其制备方法,通过热压制备上下两层高强高韧的碳布夹持碳纤维增强碳基复合材料中间层结构的复合阴极材料,获得高强高韧的二氧化锰阴极,采用该阴极生产的电解二氧化锰产品铜铁等杂质含量更低。
解决上述技术问题的技术方案是:一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料,包括上下两层碳布和中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层,所述中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层主要由短切碳纤维、石墨粉、呋喃树脂按以下质量比例组成:60%~80%短切碳纤维、20%~10%石墨粉和10%~20%酚醛树脂。
所述短切碳纤维的长度为 8-10mm。
本发明的另一技术方案是:一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量分数分别称取60%~80%短切碳纤维、20%~10%石墨粉和10%~20%酚醛树脂,混合1~3h制成成分均匀的混合粉末;
(2)向三者混合粉末中加入混合粉末总质量48~53%的酒精,并在搅拌机中搅拌0.8~1.2h,再在75℃~80℃下干燥3h~5h;
(3)将呋喃树脂和酒精按1:(3.9~4.1)的质量比混合,充分搅拌使呋喃树脂溶于酒精,并将溶液均匀涂刷在碳布上,每平方米碳布涂刷18~22mL溶液,并将碳布在72~82℃下烘干待用;
(4)将烘干后的碳布铺在下模冲上,并将步骤(2)干燥后的物料放入模具中,再在物料上再铺一层经步骤(3)处理后的碳布;在120℃~170℃、40MPa~70MPa条件下模压成型,将碳布夹混合料在模具中压成一次固化坯体,此时,坯体密度为1.75~1.8g/cm3;
(5)将坯体经过碳化得到密度 1.4g/cm3~1.5g/cm3的一次碳化坯体;
(6)将一次碳化坯体采用呋喃树脂进行浸渍-固化得到密度约1.7g/cm3-1.8g/cm3的二次固化坯体;
(7)将二次固化坯体再进行碳化得到密度为1.6g/cm3-1.7g/cm3的二次碳化坯体;
(8)将二次碳化坯体在2050~2150℃的条件下进行高温石墨化,得到石墨化坯体;
(9)采用化学气相渗透对石墨化坯体进行增密,获得密度为1.6-1.7g/cm3的CVI坯体;
(10)采用化学气相沉积对CVI坯体进行表面封孔,最终获得密度为1.6-1.7g/cm3的C/C复合阴极。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明电解二氧化锰用碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料及其制备方法具有以下优势:
1.相对于铜阴极生产,采用碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料生产的电解二氧化锰,产品中的铜、铁等杂质含量显著降低。采用铜阴极生产的电解二氧化锰中铜含量高达10-15ppm,铁含量为1.2-3.5ppm,产品纯度为99.99%,而采用碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料生产的电解二氧化锰中铜含量仅为0.2-0.6ppm,铁含量为0.2-0.6ppm,产品纯度达99.99%。
2. 该阴极材料的强度和韧性更好。本发明碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料的抗弯强度和冲击韧性分别为120MPa-140MPa和3J/cm2-5J/cm2,高于等静压石墨(50MPa-70MPa和0.6J/cm2-1.0J/cm2)和碳棒(30MPa-40MPa和0.3J/cm2-0.5J/cm2)的指标,不易折断,使用寿命长。
3.模压成型的工艺突破了冷等静压对阴极尺寸的限制,可以生产尺寸更大的板材。
4.经化学气相渗透(CVI)和化学气相沉积(CVD)处理的碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料能极大的抑制表层和心部钙镁结晶的形成,大大延长了极板的清洗周期,甚至不用清洗。
下面,结合实施例对本发明之一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料及其制备方法的技术特征作进一步的说明。
附图说明
图1为碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料,包括表层碳纤维层和中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层。
图2为经CVD和CVI处理后表层碳布形貌图片,经CVD和CVI处理后,碳布层沉积了致密的热解碳,能有效防止材料孔隙处形成钙镁结晶。
图 3 为中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层,均匀分布的短纤维能有效提升材料的冲击韧性和强度。
具体实施方式
实施例1:一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料,包括上下两层碳布和中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层,中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层由短切碳纤维、石墨粉、呋喃树脂按以下成分组成:60%短切碳纤维、20%石墨粉和20%酚醛树脂。本实施制备得到的阴极材料,抗弯强度和冲击韧性分别为138MPa和4.6J/cm2,用于生产过程中,使用至今已经6个月未见有明显的钙镁结晶,不用清洗(而铜电极一般2个周期,约20天就需要清洗),也未发生折断的情况。利用本实施制备的阴极材料电解生产二氧化锰,产品纯度为99.99%,铜含量仅为0.4ppm,铁含量仅为0.5ppm。
实施例2:一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料,包括上下两层碳布和中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层,中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层由短切碳纤维、石墨粉、呋喃树脂按以下成分组成:70%短切碳纤维、18%石墨粉和12%酚醛树脂。本实施制备得到的阴极材料,抗弯强度和冲击韧性分别为135MPa和4.2J/cm2,用于生产过程中,使用至今已经6个月未见有明显的钙镁结晶,不用清洗(而铜电极一般2个周期,约20天就需要清洗),也未发生折断的情况。利用本实施制备的阴极材料电解生产二氧化锰,产品纯度为99.99%,铜含量仅为0.3ppm,铁含量仅为0.4ppm。
实施例3:一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料,包括上下两层碳布和中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层,中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层由短切碳纤维、石墨粉、呋喃树脂按以下成分组成:80%短切碳纤维、10%石墨粉和10%酚醛树脂。本实施制备得到的阴极材料,抗弯强度和冲击韧性分别为132MPa和4.0J/cm2,用于生产过程中,使用至今已经6个月未见有明显的钙镁结晶,不用清洗(而铜电极一般2个周期,约20天就需要清洗),也未发生折断的情况。利用本实施制备的阴极材料电解生产二氧化锰,产品纯度为99.99%,铜含量仅为0.3ppm,铁含量仅为0.4ppm。
实施例4:一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量分数分别称取60%~80%短切碳纤维、20%~10%石墨粉和10%~20%酚醛树脂,混合2h制成成分均匀的混合粉末;
(2)向三者混合粉末中加入混合粉末总质量50%的酒精,并在搅拌机中搅拌1h,再在80℃下干燥4h;
(3)将呋喃树脂和酒精按1:4的质量比混合,充分搅拌使呋喃树脂溶于酒精,并将溶液均匀涂刷在碳布上,每平方米碳布涂刷20mL溶液,并将碳布在80℃下烘干待用;
(4)将烘干后的碳布铺在下模冲上,并将步骤(2)干燥后的物料放入模具中,再在物料上再铺一层经步骤(3)处理后的碳布;在120℃~170℃、40MPa~70MPa条件下模压成型,将碳布夹混合料在模具中压成一次固化坯体,此时,坯体密度约1.75~1.8g/cm3;
(5)将坯体经过碳化得到密度 1.4g/cm3~1.5g/cm3的一次碳化坯体;
(6)将一次碳化坯体采用呋喃树脂进行浸渍-固化得到密度约1.7g/cm3的二次固化坯体;
(7)将二次固化坯体再进行碳化得到密度约1.6g/cm3的二次碳化坯体;
(8)将二次碳化坯体在2100℃的条件下进行高温石墨化,得到石墨化坯体;
(9)采用化学气相渗透(CVI)对石墨化坯体进行增密,获得密度为1.6-1.7g/cm3的CVI坯体;
(10)采用化学气相沉积(CVD)对CVI坯体进行表面封孔,最终获得密度为1.6-1.7g/cm3的C/C复合阴极。
本发明实施例1-实施例3所述的一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料,采用实施例4所述方法制备,所述短切碳纤维的长度优选 8-10mm。
Claims (3)
1.一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料,其特征在于:包括上下两层碳布和中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层,所述中间短纤维增强碳基复合材料层主要由短切碳纤维、石墨粉、呋喃树脂按以下质量比例组成:60%~80%短切碳纤维、20%~10%石墨粉和10%~20%酚醛树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料,其特征在于:所述短切碳纤维的长度为 8-10mm。
3.一种碳布夹短纤维增强碳基复合阴极材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)按质量分数分别称取60%~80%短切碳纤维、20%~10%石墨粉和10%~20%酚醛树脂,混合1~3h制成成分均匀的混合粉末;
(2)向三者混合粉末中加入混合粉末总质量48~53%的酒精,并在搅拌机中搅拌0.8~1.2h,再在75℃~80℃下干燥3h~5h;
(3)将呋喃树脂和酒精按1:(3.9~4.1)的质量比混合,充分搅拌使呋喃树脂溶于酒精,并将溶液均匀涂刷在碳布上,每平方米碳布涂刷18~22mL溶液,并将碳布在72~82℃下烘干待用;
(4)将烘干后的碳布铺在下模冲上,并将步骤(2)干燥后的物料放入模具中,再在物料上再铺一层经步骤(3)处理后的碳布;在120℃~170℃、40MPa~70MPa条件下模压成型,将碳布夹混合料在模具中压成一次固化坯体,此时,坯体密度为1.75~1.8g/cm3;
(5)将坯体经过碳化得到密度 1.4g/cm3~1.5g/cm3的一次碳化坯体;
(6)将一次碳化坯体采用呋喃树脂进行浸渍-固化得到密度约1.7g/cm3-1.8g/cm3的二次固化坯体;
(7)将二次固化坯体再进行碳化得到密度为1.6g/cm3-1.7g/cm3的二次碳化坯体;
(8)将二次碳化坯体在2050~2150℃的条件下进行高温石墨化,得到石墨化坯体;
(9)采用化学气相渗透对石墨化坯体进行增密,获得密度为1.6-1.7g/cm3的CVI坯体;
(10)采用化学气相沉积对CVI坯体进行表面封孔,最终获得密度为1.6-1.7g/cm3的C/C复合阴极。
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