CN112480839A - 一种防爆耐候外贴建筑膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种防爆耐候外贴建筑膜及其制备方法,该建筑膜包括依次层叠的耐刮层、第一基材层、压敏胶层、第一金属层、第二金属层、第二基材层、安装胶层和离型膜层。该防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的厚薄度适中,柔韧性强、拉伸性大,在550的可见光波段中透光度能达到70%;耐刮层能有效增强防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的耐刮性能;压敏胶层中添加的防水耐酸碱压敏胶,增强了建筑膜的耐候性,能够减少其风化、老化、剥落等现象的出现;该防爆耐候外贴建筑膜制备方法工艺简单,在贴膜过程中不易产生气泡和褶皱,美观性强,操作便捷;同时该防爆耐候外贴建筑膜还具有优异的防水、耐酸碱性能,安全防爆;使用寿命长,易实现量产化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑玻璃外贴膜,具体涉及一种防爆耐候外贴建筑膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
市面上常规的建筑膜,即贴附在建筑玻璃外侧的贴膜,当外界气候不停变化时,建筑膜会受到光照、冷热、风雨等的综合破坏,产生龟裂、风化、褪色、黄变、腐蚀等现象,太阳中的红外线会向建筑物内辐射大量的热量,造成室内温度升高;而太阳中的紫外线辐射则会加速建筑膜的老化和黄变;若遇上台风等恶劣天气,普通的建筑膜无法承受强大的风力,随之玻璃碎裂也会对室内人员造成极大的危害;如今城市环境质量下降,雨水含酸量加大,不耐酸碱的建筑膜也会被侵蚀,产生剥落的现象,不美观也不安全。
目前,市面上的建筑膜都是采用TPU(热塑性聚氨酯弹性体橡胶)基材上涂布一层UV树脂涂层的技术,此种建筑膜经过风吹日晒,易老化、不防水、不耐酸碱、易腐蚀、易风化,隔热和防爆性能低,对于建筑玻璃和建筑物也只能起到基础的保护作用,防爆性能与耐候性能不够强,使用寿命短。
发明内容
为解决上述背景技术中提到的不足之处,本发明提供一种安全防爆性能高、防水、耐酸碱、透明度好的外贴建筑膜及其制备方法。该建筑膜能够贴附在建筑玻璃外侧起到阻隔紫外线和红外线的作用;韧性强,在恶劣大风天气或强大外力冲击下也不会造成玻璃碎片飞溅;在太阳长时间暴晒和酸雨侵蚀的情况下起到耐老化、抗黄变、耐酸碱、耐风化的作用。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种防爆耐候外贴建筑膜,包括依次层叠的以下各层:
(1)耐刮层(改性聚氨酯硬化涂层),其厚度为1~30μm;
(2)第一基材层,其厚度为16~300μm;
(3)压敏胶层(由SBS、SIS、增粘树脂、软化剂、防老剂、着色剂等组成),其厚度为3~50μm,起到增强韧性、防水和耐酸碱的作用;
(4)第一金属层,其厚度为1~500nm;
(5)第二金属层,其厚度为1~500nm;
(6)第二基材层,其厚度为16~300μm;
(7)安装胶层(由SBS、SIS、增粘树脂、软化剂、防老剂、着色剂等组成),其厚度为3~50μm,起到粘合作用;
(8)离型膜层,其厚度为12~150μm,起基础的保护作用。
进一步地,所述耐刮层的材料为改性聚氨酯,硬度高达4H。
进一步地,所述第一基材层和第二基材层的材料均为PET。
进一步地,所述第一基材层和第二基材层的可见光波段透过率均≥70%。
进一步地,所述压敏胶层为丙烯酸酯压敏胶层,具有防水、耐酸碱特性。
进一步地,所述第一金属层和第二金属层的材料均为镍、铬、铝、氧化铝、金、银、铜、钛、氧化钛、氮化钛、钛铝合金中的一种或多种组合。
进一步地,所述离型膜层为轻微磨砂离型膜层,透光度高,安装时利于排水。
本发明还提供了一种上述防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)通过磁控溅射的方式在第二基材层的一侧溅射镍、铬、铝、氧化铝、金、银、铜、钛、氧化钛、氮化钛、钛铝合金中的一种或多种组合,形成第二金属层;其中,基材层的材料为PET;
(2)通过磁控溅射的方式在第二金属层的另一侧溅射镍、铬、铝、氧化铝、金、银、铜、钛、氧化钛、氮化钛、钛铝合金中的一种或多种组合,形成第一金属层;
(3)在第一金属层的一侧通过涂布方式涂布一层防水、耐酸碱压敏胶,形成压敏胶层,并复合一层基材,形成第一基材层;
(4)通过涂布方式在第二基材层的另一侧涂布一层安装胶,形成安装胶层,并复合一层轻微磨砂离型膜,形成离型膜层;
(5)通过涂布方式在第一基材层的另一侧涂布一层耐刮涂层,形成耐刮层。
上述的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜能粘贴于建筑玻璃外侧,防水性能佳,耐酸碱性强,避免了建筑膜在风吹日晒中风化而影响美观性及安全性;防爆性能高,在恶劣大风天气或强大外力冲击下也不会造成玻璃碎片飞溅。
本发明的有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的厚薄度适中,柔韧性强、拉伸性大,在550的可见光波段中透光度能达到70%;耐刮层(改性聚氨酯硬化涂层)能有效增强防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的耐刮性能;压敏胶层中添加的防水耐酸碱压敏胶,增强了建筑膜的耐候性,能够减少其风化、老化、剥落等现象的出现。
本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜制备方法工艺简单,所使用的工艺是通过PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)加防水耐酸碱的压敏胶层,增强了膜的韧性及拉伸性;采用轻微磨砂型的离型膜,在贴膜过程中利于排水,不易产生气泡和褶皱,美观性强,操作便捷;同时该防爆耐候外贴建筑膜还具有优异的防水、耐酸碱性能,安全防爆与隔热效果俱佳;使用寿命长,易实现量产化。
附图说明
图1为本发明的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜不同波长的可见光的反射率曲线图。
附图标记解释:1为耐刮层,2为第一基材层,3为压敏胶层,4为第一金属层,5为第二金属层,6为第二基材层,7为安装胶层,8为离型膜层。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点,下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是,本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施,因此,本发明并不限于下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
下面详细说明本发明的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的制备方法:
(1)首先提供离型膜,轻微磨砂离型膜在张力为1250~300N的条件下拉伸无明显形变,作为离型膜层8;
(2)提供PET膜作为第一基材层2和第二基材层6,通过阴极、直流反应磁控溅射的方式在第二基材层6上沉积第二金属层5,第二金属层5的材料为银;
(3)通过阴极、直流反应磁控溅射的方式在第二金属层5上沉积第一金属层4,第一金属层4的材料为氮化钛;
(4)通过卷绕式涂布贴合线的方式在第一金属层4的另一侧涂布压敏胶层3,涂布速度为20米/每分钟,并复合第一基材层2;
(5)通过卷绕式涂布贴合线的方式在第二基材层6的另一侧涂布安装胶层7,涂布速度20米/每分钟,并复合离型膜层8,起到对第二基材层6的保护作用;
(6)通过卷绕式涂布贴合线的方式在第一基材层2的另一侧涂布耐刮层1。
其中,在磁控溅射沉积镀膜时,所有腔室内的温度恒定,并且所有腔室内恒定温度范围为-15℃~20℃。相应腔室中通入体积比为5:1~50:1的氩气和氧气的混合气体,设定溅射真空度10-6Torr,镀膜稳定气压为10-3Torr;双旋转阴极、中频反应磁控溅射功率为10Kw~20Kw;单旋转阴极、直流反应磁控溅射功率为0.3Kw~2.5Kw。
图1是所制备的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的结构示意图,该防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的膜层结构依次为:
(1)耐刮层,其厚度为2μm;
(2)第一基材层,其厚度为75μm;
(3)压敏胶层,其厚度为6μm;
(4)第一金属层,材料为氮化钛,其厚度为5nm;
(5)第二金属层,材料为银,其厚度为15nm;
(6)第二基材层,其厚度为50μm;
(7)安装胶层,其厚度为6μm;
(8)离型膜层,其厚度为23μm。
实施例1
在本实施例中,将本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜平均分成三份尺寸均为150mm*25mm*0.15mm的样品,样品编号为1~3;采用C-01CMT5105微机控制电子万能试验机和J-50钢卷尺为主要仪器设备,以检测其断裂最大拉力及断裂延伸率,检测结果如表1所示。
表1:
实施例2
在本实施例中,将本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜平均分成三份尺寸均为250mm*25mm*0.15mm的样品,样品编号为4~6;并贴于125mm*50mm*3mm玻璃上,采用C-01CMT5105微机控制电子万能试验机为主要检测设备,以检测其黏结力,检测结果如表2所示。
表2:
实施例3
在本实施例中,将本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜平均分成六份尺寸均为610mm*610mm*4.15mm的样品,样品编号7~9冲击面为玻璃面,样品编号10~12冲击面为膜面;采用J-54-4千分尺(数显),Q-37MCJ-6冲击试验机为主要检测仪器设备,以检测其落球冲击剥离性能,检测结果如表3所示。
表3:
实施例4
在本实施例中,将本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜平均分成四份尺寸均为1930mm*8640mm*4.15mm的样品,其中样品编号13、14冲击面为膜面,样品编号15、16冲击面为玻璃面;采用J-02SBI-II霰弹冲击机、J-54-1千分尺(数显)、J-69SPN202F电子天平为主要仪器设备,以检测其防飞溅性能,检测结果如表4所示。
表4:
实施例5
在本实施例中,将本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜平均分成三份尺寸均为100mm*100mm*4.15mm的样品,样品编号为17~19;采用S-21UV-3101PC紫外、可见、近红外分光光度计为主要检测仪器设备,以检测其耐酸性能,检测结果如表5所示。
表5:
由表1至表4显示的检测结果可以看出,本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜断裂最大拉力可达600N,断裂延伸率可达110%;经过落球冲击试验,玻璃破裂后,膜层仍能保持不断裂的状态,且玻璃不会飞溅,显然,该建筑膜韧性大,拉伸性强,防爆性能优越。由表5显示的检测结果可以看出,本发明提供的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜经过酸蚀之后,透光率仍能保持到70%左右,显然,该建筑膜具有良好的耐酸碱性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种防爆耐候外贴建筑膜,其特征在于,包括依次层叠的以下各层:
(1)耐刮层,其厚度为1~30μm;
(2)第一基材层,其厚度为16~300μm;
(3)压敏胶层,其厚度为3~50μm;
(4)第一金属层,其厚度为1~500nm;
(5)第二金属层,其厚度为1~500nm;
(6)第二基材层,其厚度为16~300μm;
(7)安装胶层,其厚度为3~50μm;
(8)离型膜层,其厚度为12~150μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建筑膜,其特征在于:耐刮层的材料为改性聚氨酯,硬度高达4H。
3.根据权利要求1所述的建筑膜,其特征在于:第一基材层和第二基材层的材料均为PET。
4.根据权利要求1所述的建筑膜,其特征在于:第一基材层和第二基材层的可见光波段透过率均≥70%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的建筑膜,其特征在于:压敏胶层为丙烯酸酯压敏胶层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的建筑膜,其特征在于:第一金属层和第二金属层的材料均为镍、铬、铝、氧化铝、金、银、铜、钛、氧化钛、氮化钛、钛铝合金中的一种或多种组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的建筑膜,其特征在于:离型膜层为轻微磨砂离型膜层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的防爆耐候外贴建筑膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)通过磁控溅射的方式在第二基材层的一侧溅射镍、铬、铝、氧化铝、金、银、铜、钛、氧化钛、氮化钛、钛铝合金中的一种或多种组合,形成第二金属层;其中,基材层的材料为PET;
(2)通过磁控溅射的方式在第二金属层的另一侧溅射镍、铬、铝、氧化铝、金、银、铜、钛、氧化钛、氮化钛、钛铝合金中的一种或多种组合,形成第一金属层;
(3)在第一金属层的一侧通过涂布方式涂布一层防水、耐酸碱压敏胶,形成压敏胶层,并复合一层基材,形成第一基材层;
(4)通过涂布方式在第二基材层的另一侧涂布一层安装胶,形成安装胶层,并复合一层轻微磨砂离型膜,形成离型膜层;
(5)通过涂布方式在第一基材层的另一侧涂布一层耐刮涂层,形成耐刮层。
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