CN112479496B - Artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of hydro-fluctuation belt - Google Patents
Artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of hydro-fluctuation belt Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention provides a hydro-fluctuation belt non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system which comprises an anti-seepage tamping layer, an adsorption packing layer, a bottom mud planting layer and a water flow distribution adjusting assembly from bottom to top; the anti-seepage tamping layer is positioned at the bottommost part of the wetland; the adsorption packing layer is positioned above the anti-seepage tamping layer and consists of inorganic packing with larger specific surface area, anaerobic microorganisms are added into the adsorption packing layer, and a plurality of water outlet pipes are arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage tamping layer and the bottom of the adsorption packing layer; the bottom mud planting layer comprises a bottom mud layer, a separation screen is laid at the lower part of the bottom mud layer, and water-flooding resistant plants suitable for the hydro-fluctuation belt area are planted on the bottom mud layer in a modularized mode; the water flow distribution regulating and controlling assembly is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water body, so that water flow is uniformly distributed, and the retention time of the water flow in the wetland is prolonged. The artificial wetland system capable of efficiently intercepting and consuming the non-point source pollutants in the hydro-fluctuation belt area is obtained by utilizing the triple synergistic effects of physics, chemistry and biology, and is applied to the control of the non-point source pollution in the hydro-fluctuation belt area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydro-fluctuation belt non-point source pollution prevention and control, in particular to a hydro-fluctuation belt non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system.
Background
The three gorges reservoir area is positioned on the abdominal land of the Yangtze river basin and is a main control node for protecting and restoring the ecological environment of the Yangtze river basin. Ecological environment, especially reservoir water environment, is one of the main concerns of the three gorges project. After the engineering of the three gorges is completed, the total 393 hundred million m of the warehouse length of about 660km is formed 3 And the shore line is a reservoir with the length of 2200 km. For storing, clearing and discharging muddy water, three gorges reservoirA water level storage mode of seasonal adjustment of summer fall and winter rise is adopted, namely the water level is reduced to 145m in the annual flood season, the water level is increased to 175m after the flood season passes to store clear water, and a falling zone with a falling height of 30m is formed in the water level rising process.
The hydro-fluctuation belt wetland is used as a transition area before a land ecosystem and a water area ecosystem, is a last ecological barrier before silt, organic matters, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and the like in a land water collection area enter a water area, is also a buffer zone for water circulation regulation, plays roles of galleries, filters, barriers and the like in material flow, energy flow and species flow of the land ecosystem, and provides irreplaceable ecological service functions in the aspects of purifying land water collection area surface source pollution, stabilizing reservoir banks, preventing water and soil loss, providing biological habitat, beautifying landscapes, maintaining dynamic balance of land and water interface ecosystem and the like. However, the repeated fluctuation of the water level greatly interferes the original ecological environment, so that the vegetation ecological system of the hydro-fluctuation belt is very fragile, and the barrier function of intercepting silt and filtering pollutants cannot be fully exerted in the primary formation stage or degradation state of vegetation.
In terms of the three gorges reservoir area, in recent years, point source pollution mainly comprising industrial pollution sources and urban municipal wastewater receives wide social attention and is effectively controlled to a great extent, but non-point source pollution, particularly agricultural non-point source pollutants brought by agricultural rural production and life, gradually becomes a main source of pollution input of the non-point source pollution. The landform type of the three gorges reservoir area is mainly low mountains and hills, the agricultural planting status is high, villages and cultivated land are mostly distributed on both sides of stems and branches of the Yangtze river, and most of the cultivated land is a sloping land. The method comprises the steps of excessively using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural planting process, unreasonably irrigating farmlands, unreasonably treating breeding excrement of rural livestock and poultry, and gathering domestic waste which is discarded at will and domestic sewage which is discharged at will into a reservoir through runoff formed by permeation, drainage and rainfall. According to the estimation that the application amount of the fertilizer for the planting industry in the three gorges reservoir area (Chongqing section) is higher than the average level in the whole country, and the fertilization purity per unit area is TN23.25T. Km- 2 ，TP20.43 T·km- 2 The pesticide applied in the field only generates 3 percent of pesticide effect on average, and the effective utilization part of the herbicide accounts for 5 to 40 percent. Agricultural non-point source pollution direct treatmentThe reservoir area is entered, and the water environment and the ecological system health of the reservoir area are seriously influenced. The control of agricultural non-point source pollution is the central importance of protecting and improving the water quality of the strait reservoir.
In terms of non-point source pollutant prevention and control, on one hand, application of pesticides, fertilizers and the like is optimized from the source, pollution sources are reduced, and on the other hand, interception and reduction are carried out in the pollutant transportation process. Therefore, how to strengthen the ecological barrier function of the hydro-fluctuation zone weakened by the rise and fall of the water level is very important. The artificial wetland system is formed by artificially constructing a pool or a groove, filling a substrate layer with a certain depth, planting aquatic plants, and purifying pollutants by utilizing the triple synergistic action of the substrate, the plants and the microorganisms, is one of effective means for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, but is not researched much aiming at the artificial wetland integrated system and system of a hydro-fluctuation belt, and still needs to be further improved.
The invention takes the hydro-fluctuation belt of the three gorges reservoir area as an application target, obtains the artificial wetland system which is suitable for the hydro-fluctuation belt area and can efficiently intercept and consume the non-point source pollutants by screening wetland plants, regulating and controlling the plant layout and constructing the structure of the wetland system by utilizing the triple synergistic effects of physics, chemistry and biology, and applies the artificial wetland system to the control of the non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a non-point source pollution control constructed wetland suitable for a hydro-fluctuation belt of a three gorges reservoir area to reduce reservoir area non-point source pollutant input, aiming at the problems that vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation belt is not enough in primary formation and ecological barrier function in a degradation stage, and silt, N, P and other pollutants cannot be effectively intercepted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a falling zone non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system comprises an anti-seepage tamping layer, an adsorption packing layer, a bottom mud planting layer and a water flow distribution adjusting assembly from bottom to top;
the anti-seepage tamping layer is positioned at the bottommost part of the wetland and is obtained by tamping soil at the bottom part;
the adsorption packing layer is positioned above the anti-seepage tamping layer and consists of inorganic packing with larger specific surface area, anaerobic microorganisms are added in the adsorption packing layer, an oxygen supply pipeline is embedded in the adsorption packing layer to provide oxygen required by metabolism of the anaerobic microorganisms, and a plurality of water outlet pipes are arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage tamping layer and the bottom of the adsorption packing layer;
the bottom mud planting layer comprises a bottom mud layer, a separation screen is laid at the lower part of the bottom mud layer, and water-flooding resistant plants suitable for the hydro-fluctuation belt area are planted on the bottom mud layer in a modularized mode;
the water flow distribution regulating and controlling assembly is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water body, so that water flow is uniformly distributed, and the retention time of the water flow in the wetland is prolonged.
Furthermore, the thickness of the adsorption packing layer is 5cm-30cm.
Further, the anaerobic microorganism is an anammox microorganism or a denitrifying microorganism.
Furthermore, a valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe to adjust the water outlet flow according to the water inlet condition.
Further, the thickness of the bottom mud layer is 20cm-30cm.
Further, the water distribution regulating and controlling assembly comprises a flow baffle, an overflow weir and a modular plant assembly;
the overflow weir is positioned at the water outlet side and consists of compacted soil or green concrete;
the flow baffle is positioned in the middle of the wetland and consists of two baffle plates which are spaced from each other, one side of the flow baffle is connected with the water inlet end, the other side of the flow baffle is connected with the overflow weir, the water inlet for the non-point source polluted water is positioned between the two baffle plates, the upper part of the flow baffle is flush with the overflow weir, and the hollow part of the lower part of the flow baffle is away from the upper part of the sediment planting layer by a certain distance;
the modular plant components are water-flooded plants which are suitable for a hydro-fluctuation belt area and are planted on the bottom sediment layer in a modular mode.
Further, the flooding-resistant plant comprises one or a mixture of canna, huang Changpu, allium mongolicum regel, wild rice stem and lotus root.
Furthermore, the distance between the two baffles of the flow baffle is 30cm-50cm, and the distance between the lower part of the flow baffle and the upper part of the sediment planting layer is 3cm-5cm.
Furthermore, flood-resistant plants are planted at the top of the overflow weir.
Further, overflow weir outside bottom, lower floor's wetland upper end promptly sets up the splashproof water catch bowl, the splashproof water catch bowl is used for avoiding sputtering and collecting overflow water.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the device has good silt interception function, and realizes full interception of silt by discharging water through a water outlet positioned in the adsorption packing layer when the rainfall is small and the flow is small; when the runoff is large, the flow speed is reduced through water flow distribution regulation, the retention time of water in the wetland is prolonged, water is drained from the water outlet and the overflow weir at the same time, more silt is settled, and the surface source pollution output of the silt and the adsorbed silt N, P and the like is reduced.
2. By utilizing multiple measures such as plant absorption, chemical adsorption, microbial metabolism and the like and multiple interception, surface-source pollutants such as N, P in inlet water are used as nutrient sources for metabolic growth of plant microorganisms, and the surface-source pollutants in a water body are efficiently removed.
3. Through water flow distribution regulation and control, inlet water is distributed more uniformly in the wetland, the retention time is longer, a dead water area and a return water area are avoided, and the treatment effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydro-fluctuation belt non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the invention;
fig. 3 is a water flow distribution diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a seepage-proof tamping layer 1, an adsorption packing layer 2, a bottom mud planting layer 3, a flow baffle 4, an overflow weir 5, a splash-proof water collecting tank 6, a flood-proof plant 7, a separation screen 8, an aeration pipe 9, a water outlet pipe 10 and a water inlet 11.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution in the hydro-fluctuation belt, which utilizes triple synergistic effects of physics, chemistry and biology to intercept and reduce non-point source pollutants in the artificial wetland system. The constructed wetland system comprises an anti-seepage tamping layer 1, an adsorption packing layer 2, a bottom mud planting layer 3 and a water flow distribution adjusting component from bottom to top.
The anti-seepage ramming layer 1 is positioned at the bottommost part of the wetland and is obtained by ramming soil at the bottom part manually or mechanically so as to increase the volume weight of the soil and reduce the water infiltration of the wetland.
The adsorption filler layer 2 is located above the anti-seepage ramming layer 1, is 5-30 cm thick, is composed of inorganic filler with a large specific surface area, comprises one or a mixture of more of granular biomass carbon added with anaerobic microorganisms, granular activated carbon, porous ceramic, zeolite, molecular sieve, attapulgite and medical stone, can adsorb non-point source pollutants in the seepage water from the bottom mud planting layer through a large number of pores such as micropores and mesopores, and can consume the pollutants such as N and organic matters adsorbed by the seepage water and the filler granules by the anaerobic microorganisms in the adsorption filler layer 2 so as to reduce the non-point source pollutants in the outlet water. The anaerobic microorganism is anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification microorganism, the particle size of the inorganic filler is 0.5cm-3cm, and an oxygen supply pipeline, such as an aeration pipe 9, is embedded in the middle of the adsorption filler layer 2 to provide a small amount of oxygen required by the metabolism of the anaerobic microorganism. A plurality of water outlet pipes 10 are arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage tamping layer 1 and the bottom of the adsorption packing layer 2, the water outlet pipes 10 are connected with valves to adjust the water outlet flow according to the water inlet condition, and the diameter of each water outlet pipe 10 is 5cm-7cm.
The bottom mud planting layer 3 comprises a bottom mud layer with the thickness of 20cm-30cm, a separation screen 8 is laid on the lower portion of the bottom mud layer, flood-resistant plants 7 suitable for the falling zone area are planted on the bottom mud layer in a modularized mode, the flood-resistant plants comprise canna, huang Changpu, water onions, water bamboos, lotus roots and the like, the same or different plants can be planted on different modules according to requirements, and therefore the wetland landscape benefit and the economic benefit can be adjusted according to the requirements. The plant module is separated from the module by more than 20cm to promote the water circulation. The bottom sediment in the bottom sediment planting layer 3 can filter large-particle substances such as silt and the like, and can adsorb surface source pollutant such as N, P, the flooding-resistant plants 7 can balance N, P and other substances in the consumable bottom sediment through plant metabolism and growth, and can also directly consume surface source pollutant such as N, P and the like in the incoming water.
The water flow distribution regulating and controlling assembly comprises a flow baffle plate 4, an overflow weir 5 and a modular plant assembly.
The overflow weir 5 is positioned at the water outlet side and consists of compacted soil or green concrete according to requirements, the upper edge of the overflow weir is higher than the upper edge of the sediment planting layer 3 by more than 50cm, and flood-resistant plants such as bermuda grass are planted at the top of the overflow weir 5. The bottom of the outer side of the overflow weir 5, namely the upper end of the lower wetland is provided with a splash-proof water collecting tank 6 for avoiding sputtering and collecting overflow water.
The flow baffle plate 4 is positioned in the middle of the wetland and consists of two baffle plates with a distance of 30cm-50cm, one side of the flow baffle plate is connected with a water inlet end, a water inlet 11 for non-point source polluted incoming water is positioned in the middle of the two baffle plates, the other side of the flow baffle plate is connected with an overflow weir 5, the upper part of the flow baffle plate 4 is flush with the overflow weir 5, and the lower part of the flow baffle plate is hollow and is 3cm-5cm away from the upper part of the sediment planting layer 3.
The modularized plant components are formed by planting water-resistant plants 7 suitable for a hydro-fluctuation zone area on the bottom mud layer in a modularized mode, the water-resistant plants 7 are planted on the bottom mud layer in a close-packed mode to form plant blocks, and the interval between every two plant blocks is more than 20 cm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: when the water flow is less, through keeping off and flowing board 4 and modularization plant component, let rivers evenly distributed, reduce the stagnant water district, the return water district, and even infiltration down in back sees through bed mud and plants layer 3, reaches absorbent packing layer 2. When the amount of the inflow water greatly exceeds the wetland treatment amount, the higher overflow weir 5 can increase the wetland water storage amount to accumulate the water for the subsequent treatment. When the water volume is further increased, the redundant water can flow out through the overflow weir 5 and then flow into the next stage of wetland or flow out through the splash-proof water collecting tank 6, at the moment, the flow velocity of the water body is reduced through the combined action of the flow baffle plate 4, plants and the like, the retention time is prolonged, most of silt and the absorbed nutrient substances can be deposited, and the output of non-point source pollutants is reduced.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a water-level fluctuation belt non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system which characterized in that: the device comprises an anti-seepage tamping layer, an adsorption packing layer, a bottom mud planting layer and a water flow distribution adjusting assembly from bottom to top;
the anti-seepage tamping layer is positioned at the bottommost part of the wetland and is obtained by tamping soil at the bottom part;
the adsorption packing layer is positioned above the anti-seepage tamping layer and consists of inorganic packing with larger specific surface area, anaerobic microorganisms are added in the adsorption packing layer, an oxygen supply pipeline is embedded in the adsorption packing layer to provide oxygen required by metabolism of the anaerobic microorganisms, and a plurality of water outlet pipes are arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage tamping layer and the bottom of the adsorption packing layer;
the bottom mud planting layer comprises a bottom mud layer, and a separation screen is laid on the lower portion of the bottom mud layer;
the water flow distribution regulating and controlling assembly is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water body, so that water flow is uniformly distributed and the retention time of the water flow in the wetland is prolonged;
the anaerobic microorganism is an anaerobic ammonium oxidation microorganism or a denitrification microorganism;
the water flow distribution regulating and controlling assembly comprises a flow baffle, an overflow weir and a modular plant assembly;
the overflow weir is positioned at the water outlet side and consists of compacted soil or green concrete;
the flow baffle is positioned in the middle of the wetland and consists of two baffles which are spaced from each other, one side of the flow baffle is connected with the water inlet end, the other side of the flow baffle is connected with the overflow weir, the water inlet of the non-point source polluted water is positioned between the two baffles, the upper part of the flow baffle is flush with the overflow weir, and the lower part of the flow baffle is hollow and is a certain distance away from the upper part of the sediment planting layer;
the modular plant components are flood-resistant plants which are planted on the bottom mud layer in a modular mode and are suitable for the hydro-fluctuation zone area.
2. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which comprises: the thickness of the adsorption packing layer is 5cm-30cm.
3. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the water outlet pipe is provided with a valve so as to adjust the water outlet flow according to the water inlet condition.
4. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the bottom mud layer is 20cm-30cm.
5. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the flooding-resistant plant comprises one or a mixture of a plurality of canna, huang Changpu, allium mongolicum regel, wild rice stem and lotus root.
6. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 5, wherein: the distance between the two baffles of the flow baffle is 30cm-50cm, and the distance between the lower part of the flow baffle and the upper part of the sediment planting layer is 3cm-5cm.
7. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and planting flooding-resistant plants on the top of the overflow weir.
8. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bottom outside the overflow weir, namely the upper end of the lower wetland is provided with a splash-proof water collecting tank which is used for avoiding sputtering and collecting overflow water.
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Inventor after: Liu Jigen Inventor after: Li Hao Inventor after: Sun Baoyang Inventor after: Ren Feipeng Inventor after: Cheng Dongbing Inventor after: Qiu Pei Inventor after: Li Jianming Inventor after: Zhang Changwei Inventor after: Zhang Wenjie Inventor before: Liu Jigen Inventor before: Li Hao Inventor before: Sun Baoyang Inventor before: Qiu Pei Inventor before: Cheng Dongbing Inventor before: Ren Feipeng Inventor before: Li Jianming Inventor before: Zhang Changwei Inventor before: Zhang Wenjie |
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