CN214032144U - Artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of hydro-fluctuation belt - Google Patents
Artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of hydro-fluctuation belt Download PDFInfo
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- CN214032144U CN214032144U CN202022721204.8U CN202022721204U CN214032144U CN 214032144 U CN214032144 U CN 214032144U CN 202022721204 U CN202022721204 U CN 202022721204U CN 214032144 U CN214032144 U CN 214032144U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a hydro-fluctuation belt non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system, which comprises an anti-seepage tamping layer, an adsorption packing layer and a bottom mud planting layer from bottom to top; the anti-seepage tamping layer is positioned at the bottommost part of the wetland and is obtained by tamping soil at the bottom part; the adsorption packing layer is positioned above the anti-seepage tamping layer and consists of inorganic packing, anaerobic microorganisms are added in the adsorption packing layer, an oxygen supply pipeline is embedded in the adsorption packing layer to provide oxygen required by metabolism of the anaerobic microorganisms, and a plurality of water outlet pipes are arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage tamping layer and the bottom of the adsorption packing layer; the bottom sediment planting layer comprises a bottom sediment layer, a separation screen is laid on the lower portion of the bottom sediment layer, and the bottom sediment layer is used for planting flood-resistant plants. The utility model discloses utilize triple synergism of physics, chemistry, biology to obtain the constructed wetland system that can high-efficiently intercept, consume the non-point source pollutant that is applicable to the hydro-fluctuation belt area to it hinders the accuse to be applied to the hydro-fluctuation belt non-point source pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a water-level fluctuation area non-point source pollution prevention and control field specifically is a water-level fluctuation area non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system.
Background
The three gorges reservoir area is positioned on the abdominal land of the Yangtze river basin and is a main control node for protecting and restoring the ecological environment of the Yangtze river basin. Ecological environment, especially reservoir water environment, is one of the main concerns of the three gorges project. After the engineering of the three gorges is completed, the total 393 hundred million m of the warehouse length of about 660km is formed3And the shore line is a reservoir with the length of 2200 km. In order to accumulate, clear and discharge muddy water, the three gorges reservoir adopts a seasonal water level storage mode of summer fall and winter rise, namely the water level is reduced to 145m in the annual flood season, the water level is increased to 175m after the flood season, clear water is stored, and a water level falling zone with a falling height of 30m is formed in the water level expansion process.
The hydro-fluctuation belt wetland is used as a transition area before a land ecosystem and a water area ecosystem, is a last ecological barrier before silt, organic matters, chemical fertilizers, pesticides and the like in a land water collection area enter a water area, is also a buffer zone for water circulation regulation, plays roles of galleries, filters, barriers and the like in material flow, energy flow and species flow of the land ecosystem, and provides irreplaceable ecological service functions in the aspects of purifying land water collection area surface source pollution, stabilizing reservoir banks, preventing water and soil loss, providing biological habitat, beautifying landscapes, maintaining dynamic balance of land and water interface ecosystem and the like. However, the repeated fluctuation of water level greatly interferes the original ecological environment, so that the vegetation ecological system of the hydro-fluctuation belt is very fragile, and the barrier function of intercepting silt and filtering pollutants cannot be fully exerted in the preliminary vegetation forming stage or the degradation state.
In terms of the three gorges reservoir area, in recent years, point source pollution mainly comprising industrial pollution sources and urban municipal wastewater receives wide social attention and is effectively controlled to a great extent, but non-point source pollution, particularly agricultural non-point source pollutants brought by agricultural rural production and life, gradually becomes a main source of pollution input of the non-point source pollution. The landform type of the three gorges reservoir area is mainly low mountains and hills, the agricultural planting position is high, villages and cultivated land are mostly distributed on two banks of stems and branches of the Yangtze river, and most of the cultivated land is a sloping land. The method comprises the steps of excessively using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural planting process, unreasonably irrigating farmlands, unreasonably treating breeding excrement of rural livestock and poultry, and gathering domestic waste which is discarded at will and domestic sewage which is discharged at will into a reservoir through runoff formed by permeation, drainage and rainfall. According to the estimation, the fertilizer application amount of the planting industry in the three gorges reservoir area (Chongqing section) is higher than the average level in the country, and the fertilizer application purity per unit area is TN23.25T km-2，TP20.43 T·km-2The pesticide applied in the field only generates 3 percent of pesticide effect on average, and the effective utilization part of the herbicide accounts for 5 to 40 percent. Agricultural non-point source pollution is directly introduced into a reservoir area, and the water environment and the ecological system health of the reservoir area are seriously influenced. Controlling agricultural non-point source pollution is the central importance of protecting and improving the water quality of the strait reservoir.
In terms of non-point source pollutant prevention and control, on one hand, application of pesticides, fertilizers and the like is optimized from the source, pollution sources are reduced, and on the other hand, interception and reduction are carried out in the pollutant transportation process. Therefore, how to strengthen the ecological barrier function of the hydro-fluctuation zone weakened by water level fluctuation is very important. The artificial wetland system is formed by artificially constructing a pool or a groove, filling a substrate layer with a certain depth, planting aquatic plants, and purifying pollutants by utilizing the triple synergistic action of the substrate, the plants and the microorganisms, is one of effective means for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution, but is not researched much aiming at the artificial wetland integrated system and system of a hydro-fluctuation belt, and still needs to be further improved.
The utility model discloses use three gorges reservoir area hydro-fluctuation belt as the application target, constitute through screening, the regulation and control of plant overall arrangement, wetland system architecture to the wetland plant and establish, utilize the triple synergism of physics, chemistry, biology to obtain the constructed wetland system that can high-efficiently intercept, consume the non-point source pollutant that is applicable to hydro-fluctuation belt area to it hinders the accuse to be applied to hydro-fluctuation belt non-point source pollution.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses it is not enough with degradation stage ecological barrier effect to the preliminary formation of falling zone vegetation, can not effectively intercept the problem of pollutants such as silt, N, P, provide a non-point source pollution resistance accuse constructed wetland suitable for three gorges reservoir area falling zones to reduce reservoir area non-point source pollutant input.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
a falling zone non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system comprises an anti-seepage tamping layer, an adsorption packing layer and a bottom mud planting layer from bottom to top;
the anti-seepage tamping layer is positioned at the bottommost part of the wetland and is obtained by tamping soil at the bottom part;
the adsorption packing layer is positioned above the anti-seepage tamping layer and consists of inorganic packing, anaerobic microorganisms are added in the adsorption packing layer, an oxygen supply pipeline is embedded in the adsorption packing layer to provide oxygen required by metabolism of the anaerobic microorganisms, and a plurality of water outlet pipes are arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage tamping layer and the bottom of the adsorption packing layer;
the bottom sediment planting layer comprises a bottom sediment layer, a separation screen is laid on the lower portion of the bottom sediment layer, and the bottom sediment layer is used for planting flood-resistant plants.
The device further comprises a water flow distribution regulating assembly positioned at the upper part of the sediment planting layer, wherein the water flow distribution regulating assembly comprises a flow baffle, an overflow weir and a modular plant assembly; the overflow weir is positioned at the water outlet side and consists of compacted soil or green concrete; the flow baffle is positioned in the middle of the wetland and consists of two baffles which are spaced from each other, one side of the flow baffle is connected with the water inlet end, the other side of the flow baffle is connected with the overflow weir, the water inlet of the non-point source polluted water is positioned between the two baffles, the upper part of the flow baffle is flush with the overflow weir, and the lower part of the flow baffle is hollow and is a certain distance away from the upper part of the sediment planting layer; the modular plant components are flood-resistant plants which are modularly planted on the bottom sediment layer and are suitable for the falling zone area.
Furthermore, the distance between the two baffles of the flow baffle is 30cm-50cm, and the distance between the lower part of the flow baffle and the upper part of the sediment planting layer is 3cm-5 cm.
Furthermore, flood-resistant plants are planted at the top of the overflow weir.
Furthermore, an anti-splash water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom of the outer side of the overflow weir.
Further, the particle size of the inorganic filler is 0.5cm-3 cm.
Further, the inorganic filler comprises one or a mixture of more of granular biomass carbon added with anaerobic microorganisms, granular activated carbon, porous ceramic, zeolite, a molecular sieve, attapulgite and medical stone.
Further, the anaerobic microorganism is an anammox microorganism or a denitrifying microorganism.
Furthermore, a valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe.
Further, the thickness of the bottom mud layer is 20cm-30 cm.
The utility model has the advantages of as follows:
1. the device has good silt interception function, and realizes full interception of silt by discharging water through a water outlet positioned in the adsorption packing layer when the rainfall is small and the flow is small; when the runoff is large, the flow speed is reduced through water flow distribution regulation, the retention time of water in the wetland is prolonged, water is drained from the water outlet and the overflow weir at the same time, more silt is settled, and the surface source pollution output of the silt and N, P and the like absorbed by the silt is reduced.
2. By utilizing multiple means such as plant absorption, chemical adsorption, microbial metabolism and the like and multiple interception, surface-source pollutants such as N, P and the like in the inlet water are used as nutrient sources for metabolic growth of plant microbes, and the surface-source pollutants in the water body are efficiently removed.
3. Through water flow distribution regulation and control, inlet water is distributed more uniformly in the wetland, the retention time is longer, a dead water area and a return water area are avoided, and the treatment effect is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling the non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the utility model;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the utility model;
fig. 3 is a water flow distribution diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a seepage-proof tamping layer 1, an adsorption packing layer 2, a bottom mud planting layer 3, a flow baffle 4, an overflow weir 5, a splash-proof water collecting tank 6, a flood-proof plant 7, a separation screen 8, an aeration pipe 9, a water outlet pipe 10 and a water inlet 11.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the structure schematic diagram of the anti-pollution artificial wetland system in the hydro-fluctuation belt, which utilizes the triple synergistic effect of physics, chemistry and biology to realize the interception and reduction of the artificial wetland system to the non-point source pollutant. The constructed wetland system comprises an anti-seepage tamping layer 1, an adsorption packing layer 2, a bottom mud planting layer 3 and a water flow distribution adjusting component from bottom to top.
The anti-seepage ramming layer 1 is positioned at the bottommost part of the wetland and is obtained by ramming soil at the bottom part manually or mechanically so as to increase the volume weight of the soil and reduce the water infiltration of the wetland.
The adsorption filler layer 2 is located above the anti-seepage ramming layer 1, is 5-30 cm thick, is composed of inorganic filler with a large specific surface area, comprises one or a mixture of more of granular biomass carbon added with anaerobic microorganisms, granular activated carbon, porous ceramic, zeolite, molecular sieve, attapulgite and medical stone, can adsorb non-point source pollutants in the seepage water from the bottom mud planting layer through a large number of pores such as micropores and mesopores, and can consume the pollutants such as N and organic matters adsorbed by the seepage water and the filler granules by the anaerobic microorganisms in the adsorption filler layer 2 so as to reduce the non-point source pollutants in the outlet water. The anaerobic microorganism is anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification microorganism, the particle size of the inorganic filler is 0.5cm-3cm, and an oxygen supply pipeline, such as an aeration pipe 9, is embedded in the middle of the adsorption filler layer 2 to provide a small amount of oxygen required by the metabolism of the anaerobic microorganism. A plurality of water outlet pipes 10 are arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage tamping layer 1 and the bottom of the absorption packing layer 2, the water outlet pipes 10 are connected with valves to adjust the water outlet flow according to the water inlet condition, and the diameter of each water outlet pipe 10 is 5cm-7 cm.
The bottom mud planting layer 3 comprises a bottom mud layer with the thickness of 20cm-30cm, a separation screen 8 is laid on the lower portion of the bottom mud layer, flood-resistant plants 7 suitable for the water-falling zone area are planted on the bottom mud layer in a modularized mode, the flood-resistant plants comprise canna, yellow-chang-pu, water shallots, water bamboos, lotus roots and the like, the same or different plants can be planted on different modules according to requirements, and therefore the wetland landscape benefit and the economic benefit can be adjusted according to the requirements. The plant module is separated from the module by more than 20cm to promote the water circulation. The bottom sediment in the bottom sediment planting layer 3 can filter large granular substances such as sediment and the like and can adsorb surface source pollutant such as N, P and the like, the flooding-resistant plant 7 can balance substances such as N, P and the like in the consumable bottom sediment through plant metabolism and growth, and can also directly consume the surface source pollutant such as N, P and the like in the incoming water.
The water flow distribution regulating and controlling assembly comprises a flow baffle plate 4, an overflow weir 5 and a modular plant assembly.
The overflow weir 5 is positioned at the water outlet side and consists of compacted soil or green concrete according to requirements, the upper edge of the overflow weir is higher than the upper edge of the sediment planting layer 3 by more than 50cm, and flood-resistant plants such as bermuda grass are planted at the top of the overflow weir 5. The bottom of the outer side of the overflow weir 5, namely the upper end of the lower wetland is provided with a splash-proof water collecting tank 6 for avoiding sputtering and collecting overflow water.
The flow baffle plate 4 is positioned in the middle of the wetland and consists of two baffle plates with a distance of 30cm-50cm, one side of the flow baffle plate is connected with a water inlet end, a water inlet 11 for non-point source polluted incoming water is positioned in the middle of the two baffle plates, the other side of the flow baffle plate is connected with an overflow weir 5, the upper part of the flow baffle plate 4 is flush with the overflow weir 5, and the lower part of the flow baffle plate is hollow and is 3cm-5cm away from the upper part of the sediment planting layer 3.
The modularized plant components are formed by planting water-resistant plants 7 suitable for a hydro-fluctuation zone area on the bottom mud layer in a modularized mode, the water-resistant plants 7 are planted on the bottom mud layer in a close-packed mode to form plant blocks, and the interval between every two plant blocks is more than 20 cm.
The utility model discloses the theory of operation: when the inflow is less, through keeping off flowing board 4 and modularization plant component, let rivers evenly distributed, reduce the stagnant water district, the return water district, and even infiltration down in back sees through bed mud and plants layer 3, reaches absorbent packing layer 2. When the water amount is larger than the wetland treatment amount, the higher overflow weir 5 can increase the wetland water storage amount, so as to accumulate water for later treatment. When the water volume is further increased, the redundant water can flow out through the overflow weir 5 and then flow into the next stage of wetland or flow out through the splash-proof water collecting tank 6, at the moment, the flow velocity of the water body is reduced through the combined action of the flow baffle plate 4, plants and the like, the retention time is prolonged, most of silt and the absorbed nutrient substances can be deposited, and the output of non-point source pollutants is reduced.
The above description is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are all covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a water-level fluctuation belt non-point source pollution prevention and control constructed wetland system which characterized in that: the device comprises an anti-seepage tamping layer, an adsorption packing layer and a bottom mud planting layer from bottom to top;
the anti-seepage tamping layer is positioned at the bottommost part of the wetland and is obtained by tamping soil at the bottom part;
the adsorption packing layer is positioned above the anti-seepage tamping layer and consists of inorganic packing, anaerobic microorganisms are added in the adsorption packing layer, an oxygen supply pipeline is embedded in the adsorption packing layer to provide oxygen required by metabolism of the anaerobic microorganisms, and a plurality of water outlet pipes are arranged at the upper part of the anti-seepage tamping layer and the bottom of the adsorption packing layer;
the bottom sediment planting layer comprises a bottom sediment layer, a separation screen is laid on the lower portion of the bottom sediment layer, and the bottom sediment layer is used for planting flood-resistant plants.
2. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the device also comprises a water flow distribution regulating assembly positioned at the upper part of the sediment planting layer, wherein the water flow distribution regulating assembly comprises a flow baffle, an overflow weir and a modular plant assembly; the overflow weir is positioned at the water outlet side and consists of compacted soil or green concrete; the flow baffle is positioned in the middle of the wetland and consists of two baffles which are spaced from each other, one side of the flow baffle is connected with the water inlet end, the other side of the flow baffle is connected with the overflow weir, the water inlet of the non-point source polluted water is positioned between the two baffles, the upper part of the flow baffle is flush with the overflow weir, and the lower part of the flow baffle is hollow and is a certain distance away from the upper part of the sediment planting layer; the modular plant components are flood-resistant plants which are modularly planted on the bottom sediment layer and are suitable for the falling zone area.
3. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the distance between the two baffles of the flow baffle is 30cm-50cm, and the distance between the lower part of the flow baffle and the upper part of the sediment planting layer is 3cm-5 cm.
4. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and planting flood-resistant plants on the top of the overflow weir.
5. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: and the bottom of the outer side of the overflow weir is provided with a splash-proof water collecting tank.
6. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the particle size of the inorganic filler is 0.5cm-3 cm.
7. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the anaerobic microorganism is an anammox microorganism or a denitrifying microorganism.
8. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and a valve is arranged on the water outlet pipe.
9. The artificial wetland system for preventing and controlling non-point source pollution of the hydro-fluctuation belt according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the thickness of the bottom mud layer is 20cm-30 cm.
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