CN112473584A - Passive safety protection system of supercritical water oxidation reactor - Google Patents
Passive safety protection system of supercritical water oxidation reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112473584A CN112473584A CN202011267227.4A CN202011267227A CN112473584A CN 112473584 A CN112473584 A CN 112473584A CN 202011267227 A CN202011267227 A CN 202011267227A CN 112473584 A CN112473584 A CN 112473584A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/002—Component parts of these vessels not mentioned in B01J3/004, B01J3/006, B01J3/02 - B01J3/08; Measures taken in conjunction with the process to be carried out, e.g. safety measures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
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Abstract
The invention discloses a passive safety protection system of a supercritical water oxidation reactor, which comprises: the reactor comprises a safety collecting box connected with the reactor through a pipeline and a vacuum pump connected with the safety collecting box through a pipeline, wherein a quick-opening valve is arranged on the pipeline between the reactor and the safety collecting box, a quick-closing valve is arranged between the safety collecting box and the vacuum pump, and the safety collecting box maintains micro negative pressure through the vacuum pump under the normal operation working condition. When the temperature in the reactor exceeds 600 ℃ (slightly lower than the designed temperature of the reactor) or the pressure measured by a pressure gauge exceeds 27MPa (the pressure is slightly lower than the designed pressure of the reactor), the quick opening valve is quickly opened, the quick closing valve is closed, and the medium in the reactor is quickly transferred into the safe collection box. Compared with the prior art, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor adopts a passive mode to solve the technical problem caused by abnormal temperature or pressure in the reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power, and particularly relates to a passive safety protection system of a supercritical water oxidation reactor.
Background
Nuclear power plants and nuclear facilities generate a certain amount of radioactive organic waste during operation and maintenance, and the radioactive organic waste is easily pyrolyzed and biodegraded, thereby causing radiation hazard to the public and environmental pollution.
At present, supercritical water oxidation technology is widely used in military industry, chemical industry, petroleum, municipal industry, pharmacy, food and other industries, and is used for treating toxic, harmful and nondegradable organic wastes. The technical characteristics of the supercritical water oxidation technology for treating organic wastes are high oxidation efficiency (the organic matter oxidation efficiency can reach more than 99 percent) and high reaction speed (the reaction can be completed within a few seconds or even a few minutes), so that in order to ensure that the organic matters can fully generate the oxidation reaction, the critical condition (such as the reaction temperature of the radioactive waste resin for treating the nuclear power plant is not less than 550 ℃ and the reaction pressure is not less than 26MPa) which is continuously higher than the supercritical water in the reactor is required, and in order to ensure the safe operation of the system, enough design allowance is required to be considered during the design.
The reactor is the core place of supercritical water oxidation technology, in order to prevent the system superpressure from causing the reactor to damage, general design requirement is that set up the relief valve on the reactor, once the system superpressure, the relief valve jumps and carries out the pressure release. However, because the operating pressure and the operating temperature of the reactor are high (the reaction temperature is more than or equal to 550 ℃ and the reaction pressure is more than or equal to 26MPa), the safety valve cannot be purchased in the market, and an overpressure protection safety valve cannot be arranged on the reactor.
In addition, because the organic matter to be treated has complex components and different organic matter contents, based on the characteristic of high reaction speed of supercritical water oxidation treatment of organic waste, if the organic matter is fed discontinuously or unstably, the temperature or pressure in the reactor can be raised, and if the temperature or pressure in the reactor can be exceeded seriously, accidents can be caused.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a passive safety protection system for a supercritical water oxidation reactor, so as to prevent over-temperature or over-pressure (which may cause radioactive release when the treatment object is radioactive organic waste) during the operation of the system, and ensure the safe operation of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and a passive safety protection system of a supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided to prevent the system from operating at an excessive temperature or an excessive pressure, ensure the safe operation of the system, collect the emergency emissions when the system is abnormal and avoid the emergency emissions from being released into the environment.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a passive safety protection system for a supercritical water oxidation reactor, comprising: the reactor comprises a safety collecting box connected with the reactor through a pipeline and a vacuum pump connected with the safety collecting box through a pipeline, wherein a quick-opening valve is arranged on the pipeline between the reactor and the safety collecting box, a quick-closing valve is arranged between the safety collecting box and the vacuum pump, and the safety collecting box maintains micro negative pressure through the vacuum pump under the normal operation working condition.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, the micro negative pressure of the safety collection box under the normal operation working condition is not lower than 200mbar abs.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, when the pressure in the safety collection box is lower than the set micro negative pressure, the vacuum pump is automatically started to vacuumize the safety collection box; when the pressure in the safety collection box reaches the set micro negative pressure, the vacuum pump is automatically stopped, and the quick-closing valve is quickly and automatically closed.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, under the abnormal working condition of the system, the quick-opening valve is opened, the quick-closing valve is closed, and the vacuum pump is shut down.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, a cooler is arranged on a pipeline between the reactor and the safety collection box, and the quick-opening valve is arranged on a pipeline between the cooler and the safety collection box.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, a check valve is arranged on a pipeline between the quick-opening valve and the safety collection box.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, a spray head is arranged in the safety collection box, demineralized water is stored at the bottom of the safety collection box, and the spray head is immersed below the surface of the demineralized water.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, the quick-opening valve is an electric valve or a pneumatic valve.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, the reactor is provided with a thermometer and a pressure gauge, when the temperature measured by the thermometer exceeds 600 ℃ or the pressure measured by the pressure gauge exceeds 27MPa, the quick opening valve is quickly opened, the quick closing valve is closed, the vacuum pump is stopped, and the medium in the reactor can be quickly transferred into the safety collection box.
As an improvement of the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor, the medium which is quickly transferred from the reactor to the safety collection box is cooled to 150-200 ℃ by a cooler.
Compared with the prior art, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor has the following advantages:
firstly, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided with a cooler, a quick-opening valve and a closed safety collecting box, once abnormal working conditions (such as abnormal temperature or abnormal pressure) occur in the reactor, the quick-opening valve (an electric valve or a pneumatic valve) between the reactor and the safety collecting box is quickly opened, the quick-closing valve is closed, as the supercritical pressure (the reaction pressure is more than or equal to 26MPa) exists in the reactor, the negative pressure state exists in the safety collecting box, a medium in the reactor can be quickly transferred into the safety collecting box under the driving of the pressure difference, the problems of overpressure and overtemperature under the abnormal condition of the reactor are effectively solved by using a passive mode, the problems of water supply, power supply and the like do not need to be specially considered, and the inherent safety of equipment is improved. The passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor integrates cooling, pressure release and high-temperature and high-pressure media (or radioactive media), solves the technical problem caused by abnormal temperature or pressure in the reactor by adopting a passive mode, and is safer and more economical.
Secondly, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided with the cooler, the quick-opening valve and the closed safety collection box, so that when the pressure in the reactor is abnormal, the pressure in the reactor can be released, the risk of equipment damage caused by continuous rising of the pressure in the reactor is reduced, the discharged high-temperature and high-pressure medium or radioactive medium is collected in the closed safety collection box, and the safety protection measures of operators and maintenance personnel are improved.
And thirdly, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided with a cooler, a quick-opening valve and a closed safety collection box, so that when the temperature in the reactor is abnormal, the temperature in the reactor can be discharged, the risk of equipment damage caused by continuous rise of the temperature in the reactor is reduced, the discharged high-temperature and high-pressure medium or radioactive medium is collected in the closed safety collection box, and the safety protection measures of operators and maintenance personnel are improved.
Finally, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided with the cooling device, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure medium discharged from the reactor can be cooled, and after entering the safety collection box, the high-temperature and high-pressure medium is sprayed out by the spray head in the safety collection box and can be further cooled by the demineralized water medium in the safety collection box, thereby further reducing the problem of discharging the medium in the reactor.
Drawings
The following detailed description of the passive safety protection system of supercritical water oxidation reactor according to the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive safety protection system of a supercritical water oxidation reactor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a passive safety protection system for a supercritical water oxidation reactor, comprising: the reactor 10 is connected with the safe collection box 20 through a pipeline and the vacuum pump 30 is connected with the safe collection box 20 through a pipeline, wherein a quick-opening valve 104 (an electric valve or a pneumatic valve) is arranged on the pipeline between the reactor 10 and the safe collection box 20, a quick-closing valve 300 is arranged between the safe collection box 20 and the vacuum pump 30, and the safe collection box 20 maintains micro negative pressure through the vacuum pump 30 under normal operation working conditions.
For example, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the micro-negative pressure of the safety catch tank 20 under normal operating conditions is not less than 200mbar abs. When the pressure in the safety collection box 20 is lower than a set value, the vacuum pump 30 is automatically started to vacuumize the safety collection box 20; when the pressure in the safety collection box 20 reaches a set value, the vacuum pump 30 is automatically stopped, and the quick-closing valve 300 is quickly and automatically closed.
The reactor 10 is provided with a thermometer 100 and a pressure gauge 102 for detecting the temperature and pressure of the high-temperature and high-pressure medium in the reactor 10 and for manually or electrically opening the quick-opening valve 104. For example, according to an embodiment of the present invention, when the temperature measured by the thermometer 100 exceeds 600 ℃ or the pressure measured by the pressure gauge 102 exceeds 27MPa, the quick opening valve 104 is quickly opened, the quick closing valve 300 is closed, and the high-temperature and high-pressure medium in the reactor 10 is quickly transferred into the safety collection tank 20.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, a cooler 40 is provided on the pipe between the reactor 10 and the safety collection tank 20, and the cooler 40 cools the high-temperature and high-pressure medium rapidly transferred from the reactor 10 to the safety collection tank 20 to a suitable temperature, for example, to 150 to 200 ℃. The quick-opening valve 104 is disposed on the pipeline between the cooler 40 and the safety collection box 20, and the check valve 106 is disposed on the pipeline between the quick-opening valve 104 and the safety collection box 20 to prevent the high-temperature high-pressure medium from flowing back into the reactor 10.
The cooler 40 is effective for reducing the discharge temperature of the reactor 10 in abnormal situations, and the cooler 40 is provided for four purposes: 1) the high-temperature medium discharged from the reactor 10 is primarily cooled, so that the organic matter of the high-temperature medium does not reach the reaction temperature, and the organic matter is prevented from entering the safe collection box 20 to generate oxidation reaction, so that the temperature in the safe collection box 20 is continuously increased; 2) the high-temperature medium is cooled to a certain temperature (such as 150-200 ℃), the equipment (the safe collection box 20) and the valves (the quick-opening valve 104 and the check valve 106) at the downstream of the cooler are easy to select, and common manufacturers can supply the materials, so that the problem of equipment type selection is effectively solved; 3) the design parameters of the devices, valves, pipelines and other components at the downstream of the cooler 40 are far lower than the supercritical pressure, so that the manufacturing cost of the devices is reduced; 4) meanwhile, the problem of overpressure protection of the reactor 10 is effectively solved, the safety valve is a protection device of a high-pressure container and is generally arranged close to the reactor 10, but the reactor 10 is a high-temperature high-pressure container (the reaction temperature is more than or equal to 550 ℃ and the reaction pressure is more than or equal to 26MPa), so that the safety valve of the reactor 10 cannot be selected and arranged. After the heat exchanger 40 is arranged, the overpressure protection problem of the reactor 10 can be effectively solved.
The safety catch tank 20 is a closed container on which a thermometer 204 and a pressure gauge 202 are provided for detecting the temperature and pressure inside the safety catch tank 20. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1, a spray head 200 is arranged inside the safety collection box 20, demineralized water is stored at the bottom of the safety collection box 20, and the spray head 200 is immersed under the surface of the demineralized water. In abnormal conditions, the high-temperature and high-pressure medium is sprayed out through the spray head 200 and can be further cooled through the demineralized water in the safety collection box 20.
Under normal operation, the safety catch tank 20 is maintained at a slight negative pressure (e.g. 200mbar abs) and is in a standby state, and the pressure in the safety catch tank 20 is maintained by means of the vacuum pump 30 connected to the safety catch tank 20. Once abnormal conditions (such as abnormal temperature or abnormal pressure) occur in the reactor 10, the quick opening valve 104 (electric valve or pneumatic valve) between the reactor 10 and the safety collection box 20 is quickly opened (at this time, the vacuum pump 30 is stopped to prevent foreign matters from being sucked), because the supercritical pressure (the reaction pressure is more than or equal to 26MPa) exists in the reactor 10, the micro negative pressure exists in the safety collection box 20, and the medium in the reactor 10 can be quickly transferred into the safety collection box 20 under the driving of differential pressure. The overpressure problem of the reactor 10 is effectively solved due to the pressure relief inside the reactor 10. As most of the medium in the reactor 10 enters the safe collection box 20 under the pressure drive, at the moment, the pressure and the temperature in the safe collection box 20 do not reach supercritical water oxidation reaction parameters of the organic matters (the reaction temperature is more than or equal to 550 ℃, and the reaction pressure is more than or equal to 26MPa), the organic matters can not be further subjected to oxidation reaction, and the reaction temperature can not continuously rise.
In combination with the above detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, it can be seen that, compared with the prior art, the passive safety protection system for supercritical water oxidation reactor of the present invention has the following advantages:
firstly, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided with a cooler 40, a quick-opening valve 104 and a closed safety collecting box 20, once abnormal working conditions (such as abnormal temperature or abnormal pressure) occur in the reactor 10, the quick-opening valve 104 (an electric valve or a pneumatic valve) between the reactor 10 and the safety collecting box 20 is quickly opened, the quick-closing valve 300 is closed, because the supercritical pressure (the reaction pressure is more than or equal to 26MPa) exists in the reactor 10 and the safety collecting box 20 is in a negative pressure state, a medium in the reactor 10 can be quickly transferred into the safety collecting box 20 under the driving of differential pressure, the problems of overpressure and overtemperature under the abnormal conditions of the reactor are effectively solved by utilizing a passive mode, the problems of water supply, power supply and the like do not need to be specially considered, and the inherent safety of equipment is improved. The passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor integrates cooling, pressure release and high-temperature and high-pressure media (or radioactive media), solves the technical problem caused by abnormal temperature or pressure in the reactor 10 by adopting a passive mode, and is safer and more economical.
Secondly, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided with the cooler 40, the quick opening valve 104 and the closed safety collection box 20, so that when the pressure in the reactor 10 is abnormal, the pressure in the reactor 10 can be released, the risk of equipment damage caused by continuous rising of the pressure in the reactor 10 is reduced, the discharged high-temperature and high-pressure medium or radioactive medium is collected in the closed safety collection box 20, and the safety protection measures of operators and maintenance personnel are improved.
Thirdly, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided with the cooler 40, the quick-opening valve 104 and the closed safety collection box 20, so that when the temperature in the reactor 10 is abnormal, the temperature in the reactor 10 can be discharged, the risk of equipment damage caused by continuous rise of the temperature in the reactor 10 is reduced, the discharged high-temperature and high-pressure medium or radioactive medium is collected in the closed safety collection box 20, and the safety protection measures of operators and maintenance personnel are improved.
Finally, the passive safety protection system of the supercritical water oxidation reactor is provided with the cooler 40, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure medium discharged from the reactor 10 can be cooled, and after entering the safety collection box 20, the high-temperature and high-pressure medium is sprayed out by the spray head 200 in the safety collection box 20 and can be further cooled by the demineralized water medium in the safety collection box 20, thereby further reducing the problem of discharging the medium in the reactor.
Appropriate changes and modifications to the embodiments described above will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure and teachings of the foregoing description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an active safety protection system of supercritical water oxidation reactor non-which characterized in that includes: the reactor comprises a safety collecting box connected with the reactor through a pipeline and a vacuum pump connected with the safety collecting box through a pipeline, wherein a quick-opening valve is arranged on the pipeline between the reactor and the safety collecting box, a quick-closing valve is arranged between the safety collecting box and the vacuum pump, and the safety collecting box maintains micro negative pressure through the vacuum pump under the normal operation working condition.
2. The supercritical water oxidation reactor passive safety protection system of claim 1, wherein the safety collection box has a micro negative pressure of not less than 200mbar abs under normal operating conditions.
3. The supercritical water oxidation reactor passive safety protection system of claim 2, wherein the vacuum pump is automatically started to evacuate the safety collection box when the pressure in the safety collection box is lower than a set micro negative pressure; when the pressure in the safety collection box reaches the set micro negative pressure, the vacuum pump is automatically stopped, and the quick-closing valve is quickly and automatically closed.
4. The supercritical water oxidation reactor passive safety protection system of claim 1, wherein under abnormal conditions, the quick-open valve is open, the quick-close valve is closed, and the vacuum pump is shut down.
5. The passive safety protection system of supercritical water oxidation reactor of claim 1, wherein a cooler is disposed on the pipeline between the reactor and the safety collection box, and the quick-opening valve is disposed on the pipeline between the cooler and the safety collection box.
6. The passive safety protection system of supercritical water oxidation reactor of claim 1, characterized in that a check valve is arranged on the pipeline between the quick-open valve and the safety collection box.
7. The supercritical water oxidation reactor passive safety protection system of claim 1, wherein a spray head is disposed in the safety collection box, demineralized water is stored at the bottom of the safety collection box, and the spray head is immersed below the surface of the demineralized water.
8. The supercritical water oxidation reactor passive safety protection system of claim 1, wherein the quick-open valve is an electrically or pneumatically operated valve.
9. The supercritical water oxidation reactor passive safety protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a temperature gauge and a pressure gauge are arranged on the reactor, when the temperature measured by the temperature gauge exceeds 600 ℃ or the pressure measured by the pressure gauge exceeds 27MPa, the quick-opening valve is opened quickly, the quick-closing valve is closed, the vacuum pump is stopped, and the medium in the reactor is transferred into the safety collection box quickly.
10. The supercritical water oxidation reactor passive safety protection system of claim 9, where the media that is rapidly transferred from the reactor to the safety collection box is cooled to 150-200 ℃ by a cooler.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113436773A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-09-24 | 中广核工程有限公司 | Nuclear power plant waste resin continuous treatment system and nuclear power plant waste resin continuous treatment method |
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