CN112472997B - 一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料 - Google Patents

一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料 Download PDF

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CN112472997B
CN112472997B CN202011347716.0A CN202011347716A CN112472997B CN 112472997 B CN112472997 B CN 112472997B CN 202011347716 A CN202011347716 A CN 202011347716A CN 112472997 B CN112472997 B CN 112472997B
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李鸣
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Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
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Abstract

一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,与药物贴配合使用,包括仿生支撑部和功能衬层,仿生支撑部是根据人体膝关节数据模型3D打印而成的实体壳层材料,功能衬层为在仿生支撑部内侧3D打印而成的具有一定厚度的柔性内衬材料,柔性内衬材料为柔性网格构造或柔性编织构造,药物贴敷设在功能衬层的内侧,用于与人体膝关节贴附,优选的,至少功能衬层的材料包括功能材料,功能材料优选包括金‑银核壳纳米材料,功能衬层可包括高孔隙率的第一衬层和低孔隙率的第二衬层。本发明根据仿生原理,利用3D打印的无模、快速成型特点制造非一次性的敷护材料,与常规的一次性药物贴配合使用,对膝关节进行敷护和治疗,提供良好贴附效果,也有助于药物发挥作用。

Description

一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗材料的3D打印技术领域,具体涉及一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料。
背景技术
膝关节炎症是临床上常见的病症,主要症状有膝盖红肿痛、膝部酸痛、膝关节弹响等,膝关节僵硬、发冷也是膝关节炎的症状之一,通过对膝关节部位敷药物贴使药物渗入皮肤和关节来治疗膝关节炎症是目前常用的方法,由于膝关节属于活动关节,药物敷贴粘贴通常不牢固,不持久,另外由于膝关节的受凉受寒是导致膝关节炎症的一个很重要原因,市场上另有基于膝部保健而开发的各种敷具护具,起保暖、发热作用,但基本无药物治疗辅助作用。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,借助材料的仿生支撑和发热蓄热保温能力配合常规药物敷贴对膝关节进行敷护和治疗,在提供良好的贴附效果的同时也有助于药物发挥作用。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。
一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,所述敷护材料与药物贴配合使用,包括仿生支撑部和功能衬层,所述仿生支撑部是根据人体膝关节数据模型3D打印而成的实体壳层材料,所述功能衬层为在所述仿生支撑部内侧3D打印而成的具有一定厚度的柔性内衬材料,所述柔性内衬材料为柔性网格构造或柔性编织构造,所述药物贴敷设在功能衬层的内侧,用于与人体膝关节贴附。
进一步的,上述用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,至少所述功能衬层的材料包括打印基体材料和功能材料。
进一步的,上述用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,所述功能材料包括金-银核壳纳米材料。
进一步的,上述用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,所述功能衬层包括高孔隙率的第一衬层和低孔隙率的第二衬层,所述第一衬层结合在所述仿生支撑部内侧表面,所述第二衬层结合在所述第一衬层内侧表面。
进一步的,上述用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,所述仿生支撑部和所述功能衬层所采用的3D打印工艺选自激光选区熔化、光固化成型或熔融沉积成型。
制备如上所述的敷护材料的方法,包括:
步骤S1:采用三维扫描仪采集使用者的膝部信息,获取膝部特征;
步骤S2:基于膝部信息和膝部特征使用三维处理软件生成敷护材料的三维模型,根据个性化需要或结构需要对三维模型局部结构和整体尺寸、厚度进行优化;
步骤S3:结合3D打印设备和材料,设计三维模型的内部填充结构和填充率;
步骤S4:基于步骤S3中设计好的三维模型,将敷护材料的三维模型数据导入3D打印设备,从仿生支撑部开始进行敷护材料的打印,直至打印完成仿生支撑部和功能衬层;
步骤S5:对步骤S4打印完成的敷护材料进行清洗和后处理,得到3D打印敷护材料成品。
进一步的,上述制备方法中,在所述步骤S4中,打印完仿生支撑部后,更换打印材料,进行功能衬层的打印,更换的打印材料中包括打印基体材料和功能材料,功能材料包括金-银核壳纳米材料。
进一步的,上述制备方法中,在所述步骤步骤S4中,打印完仿生支撑部后,更换打印喷头,进行功能衬层的打印,更换的打印喷头挤出熔丝以编织网格,构建所述功能衬层的每一层。
进一步的,上述制备方法中,进行功能衬层的打印时,先以较低的第一填充率铺设熔丝以编织网格,构建所述功能衬层的第一衬层,后以较高的第二填充率铺设熔丝以编织网格,构建所述功能衬层的第二衬层。
进一步的,上述制备方法中,在步骤S5之后对3D打印敷护材料成品进行加工以安装固定件,以及将药物贴以固定或非固定的方式敷设在功能衬层的内侧,以备使用。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明的用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,根据仿生原理,利用3D打印的无模、快速成型特点,制造一种非一次性的用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,其本身是一种具有保健功能的敷护材料,又与常规的一次性药物贴配合使用,借助材料的仿生支撑和发热蓄热保温能力配合常规药物敷贴对膝关节进行敷护和治疗,在提供良好的贴附效果的同时也有助于药物发挥作用,通过在3D打印中对实体壳层材料和柔性内衬材料的分别打印,将柔性内衬材料设计为柔性网格构造或柔性编织构造,除了能够适应人体膝关节的运动曲度和保证材料的透气性能,提高使用舒适性,也提高了打印的效率,通过设计发热功能材料的使用位置和用量,可对使用效果进行良好控制和调整,具有可定制化功能,可满足医疗领域的高端需求和特殊患者群体的长期治疗需要。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,本申请的方案和优点对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为本发明各实施例用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料结构原理图。
图中:1为仿生支撑部,2为功能衬层,21为第一衬层,22为第二衬层,3为药物贴。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施方式。
实施例1
图1为本发明用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料结构原理图,如图所示,该敷护材料包括仿生支撑部1和功能衬层2,与药物贴3配合使用,所述仿生支撑部1是根据人体膝关节数据模型3D打印而成的实体壳层材料,所述功能衬层2为在所述仿生支撑部1内侧3D打印而成的具有一定厚度的柔性内衬材料,所述柔性内衬材料为柔性网格构造或柔性编织构造,所述药物贴3敷设在功能衬层2的内侧,用于与人体膝关节贴附。
采用3D打印方式制备如上所述的敷护材料的方法,包括:
步骤S1:采用三维扫描仪采集使用者的膝部信息,获取膝部特征;该步骤采集使用者的膝部信息时可选择一合适的屈伸角度,在后续打印中,通过柔性内衬材料可实现对屈伸角度的扩展。
步骤S2:基于膝部信息和膝部特征使用三维处理软件生成敷护材料的三维模型,根据个性化需要或结构需要对三维模型局部结构和整体尺寸、厚度进行优化。
步骤S3:结合3D打印设备和材料,设计三维模型的内部填充结构和填充率;该步骤通过将仿生支撑部1设计成填充实体壳层材料,将功能衬层2设计成填充柔性内衬材料,可保证基本的支撑需要和使用舒适性需要,根据材料供应方式,这里柔性内衬材料可以为柔性网格构造或柔性编织构造。
本发明中所述仿生支撑部1和所述功能衬层2所采用的3D打印工艺可以选自激光选区熔化、光固化成型或熔融沉积成型,从而可以使用聚氨酯、TPU、PP、PET等成熟工程材料进行打印并获得良好性能,较为经济的制造手段是所述仿生支撑部1和功能衬层2均利用熔融沉积成型设备进行熔融沉积成型,这一工艺的优点是可通过熔融沉积丝材来快速制备具有编织构造的柔性内衬材料。
步骤S4:基于步骤S3中设计好的三维模型,将敷护材料的三维模型数据导入3D打印设备,从仿生支撑部1开始进行敷护材料的打印,直至打印完成仿生支撑部1和功能衬层2。
如图1所示,本实施例中功能衬层2进一步包括高孔隙率的第一衬层21和低孔隙率的第二衬层22,所述第一衬层21结合在所述仿生支撑部1内侧表面,所述第二衬层22结合在所述第一衬层21内侧表面,高孔隙率的第一衬层21保证了整个功能衬层2的柔性屈伸自由度和材料透气性,低孔隙率的第二衬层22仍具有透气透热性能且不影响表面强度和形状,方便使用,因此,第一衬层21的厚度理论上应当大于第二衬层22的厚度,优选第一衬层21的厚度为第二衬层22的厚度的3倍以上,优选4-6倍左右。
在该步骤中,敷护材料的发热蓄热及抗菌保健功能主要依靠对打印材料的设计来实现,因此,至少功能衬层2的材料包括打印基体材料和功能材料,这里功能材料优选包括金-银核壳纳米材料,选择金-银核壳纳米材料是因为金纳米材料和银纳米材料本身都是广泛应用的抗菌功能材料,其安全可靠性得到验证,而由金、银以核-壳组装结构形成的金-银核壳纳米材料兼具发热保健功能,应用在本发明中与药物贴配合,实现双效治疗的同时,也有助于药物发挥作用。
为了精确控制作用区域,优选仅将功能衬层2中加入上述功能材料,打印过程中在打印完仿生支撑部1后,更换打印材料,进行功能衬层2的打印,更换的打印材料中包括打印基体材料和上述金-银核壳纳米功能材料,金-银核壳纳米功能材料用量占打印材料总重量的8-25%可表现出适宜的发热保温和抗菌作用,在更优的方案中,也可以配入一定比例的纳米银来代替部分金-银核壳纳米功能材料并控制配入的纳米银与金-银核壳纳米功能材料的比例在约1:3-5范围之内,或者也可以将配入的纳米银与金-银核壳纳米功能材料分开,纳米银仅用在功能衬层2的第二衬层22中,第一衬层21中仍然只含有金-银核壳纳米功能材料。
如前所述,通过熔融沉积丝材来快速制备具有编织构造的柔性内衬材料是经济适用的手段,在打印高孔隙率的第一衬层21和低孔隙率的第二衬层22时,通过先以较低的第一填充率铺设熔丝以编织网格,构建第一衬层21,后以较高的第二填充率铺设熔丝以编织网格,构建第二衬层22,很容易实现孔隙率的控制(打印密度控制)。
步骤S5:对步骤S4打印完成的敷护材料进行清洗和后处理,得到3D打印敷护材料成品。
在步骤S5之后,可以根据使用需要对3D打印敷护材料成品进行加工以安装固定件,以及将药物贴3以固定或非固定的方式敷设在功能衬层2的内侧,以备使用。
实施例2
本实施例是针对打印仿生支撑部1和功能衬层2所采用的3D打印工艺的进一步举例,如前所述,除了熔融沉积成型,激光选区熔化、光固化成型也是优选的方案,具体的,激光选区熔化和光固化成型在制造仿生支撑部1时具有更准确的仿形精度,在制备具有一定设计形状的网格结构(非简单的编织构造)时也具有优于熔融沉积成型的成功率和精度,因此,本实施例采用激光选区熔化或光固化成型来实施制造,具体制造时,可以直接采用激光选区熔化或光固化成型来完成整个敷护材料的制备,通过激光选区熔化或光固化成型方式制造出具有点阵结构的网格,来作为功能衬层2的构造,并通过控制网格网孔尺寸和密度来控制功能衬层2的不同层次孔隙率。
在呈批量的制造中,本实施例更优选的是,先采用上述激光选区熔化或光固化成型工艺制造对形状要求高的仿生支撑部1,再转而采用更具有加工效率优势且可以以免支撑的方式堆积材料的熔融沉积成型方式打印具有编织构造的功能衬层,这样可以以更接近产业化的方式来规划生产。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,其特征在于,所述敷护材料与药物贴(3)配合使用,包括仿生支撑部(1)和功能衬层(2),所述仿生支撑部(1)是根据人体膝关节数据模型3D打印而成的实体壳层材料,所述功能衬层(2)为在所述仿生支撑部(1)内侧3D打印而成的具有一定厚度的柔性内衬材料,所述柔性内衬材料为柔性编织网格构造,所述药物贴(3)敷设在功能衬层(2)的内侧,用于与人体膝关节贴附;
所述仿生支撑部(1)和所述功能衬层(2)的3D打印方式选择以下二种方式之一:一为所述仿生支撑部(1)和所述功能衬层(2)均利用熔融沉积成型设备进行熔融沉积成型,二为所述仿生支撑部(1)采用激光选区熔化或光固化成型工艺制造,所述功能衬层(2)采用熔融沉积成型方式打印;
所述功能衬层(2)的材料包括打印基体材料和功能材料,通过在打印基体材料中配入功能材料用以实现所述敷护材料的发热蓄热及抗菌保健功能;
所述功能衬层(2)包括高孔隙率的第一衬层(21)和低孔隙率的第二衬层(22),所述第一衬层(21)结合在所述仿生支撑部(1)内侧表面,所述第二衬层(22)结合在所述第一衬层(21)内侧表面,并且,所述第一衬层(21)的厚度为所述第二衬层(22)的厚度的3倍以上;
所述第一衬层(21)通过以较低的第一填充率铺设熔丝以编织网格的方式构建,所述第二衬层(22)通过以较高的第二填充率铺设熔丝以编织网格的方式构建。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于膝关节炎症的敷护材料,其特征在于,所述功能材料包括金-银核壳纳米材料。
3.制备权利要求1或2所述的敷护材料的方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤S1:采用三维扫描仪采集使用者的膝部信息,获取膝部特征;
步骤S2:基于膝部信息和膝部特征使用三维处理软件生成敷护材料的三维模型,根据个性化需要或结构需要对三维模型局部结构和整体尺寸、厚度进行优化;
步骤S3:结合3D打印设备和材料,设计三维模型的内部填充结构和填充率;
步骤S4:基于步骤S3中设计好的三维模型,将敷护材料的三维模型数据导入3D打印设备,从仿生支撑部(1)开始进行敷护材料的打印,直至打印完成仿生支撑部(1)和功能衬层(2);
步骤S5:对步骤S4打印完成的敷护材料进行清洗和后处理,得到3D打印敷护材料成品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备敷护材料的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S4中,打印完仿生支撑部(1)后,更换打印材料,进行功能衬层(2)的打印,更换的打印材料中包括打印基体材料和功能材料,功能材料包括金-银核壳纳米材料。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备敷护材料的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤S4中,打印完仿生支撑部(1)后,更换打印喷头,进行功能衬层(2)的打印,更换的打印喷头挤出熔丝以编织网格,构建所述功能衬层(2)的每一层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备敷护材料的方法,其特征在于,进行功能衬层(2)的打印时,先以较低的第一填充率铺设熔丝以编织网格,构建所述功能衬层(2)的第一衬层(21),后以较高的第二填充率铺设熔丝以编织网格,构建所述功能衬层(2)的第二衬层(22)。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备敷护材料的方法,其特征在于,在步骤S5之后对3D打印敷护材料成品进行加工以安装固定件,以及将药物贴(3)以固定或非固定的方式敷设在功能衬层(2)的内侧,以备使用。
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