CN112467974A - High-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for fuel cell - Google Patents

High-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112467974A
CN112467974A CN202011290848.4A CN202011290848A CN112467974A CN 112467974 A CN112467974 A CN 112467974A CN 202011290848 A CN202011290848 A CN 202011290848A CN 112467974 A CN112467974 A CN 112467974A
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energy storage
capacitor
diode
switched
converter
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周美兰
倪克
张宇
王兆天
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/06Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for a fuel cell, which comprises a fuel cell, a quasi-Z source circuit, a switched capacitor circuit and a load, wherein the quasi-Z source circuit comprises a first energy storage inductor, a second energy storage inductor, a first energy storage capacitor, a second energy storage capacitor, a diode and a power switch tube, and the switched capacitor circuit comprises a first switched capacitor, a second switched capacitor, a third switched capacitor, a first switched diode, a second switched diode and a third switched diode. The invention can obtain high voltage gain under the condition of small duty ratio through the action of the quasi-Z source circuit, effectively avoids the problem of extreme duty ratio, and realizes low voltage stress of the device through the action of the switched capacitor circuit.

Description

High-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of converters, in particular to a high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for a fuel cell.
Background
With the increasing number of vehicles, the use of a large amount of fossil fuels causes serious energy shortage and environmental pollution problems, and the rapid development of new energy automobiles is an urgent requirement at present. Fuel cell vehicles are favored by the automotive industry due to their characteristics of cleanliness and high efficiency, however, there are many problems in developing fuel cell vehicles, such as the output characteristics of fuel cells are soft, and as the output current increases, the output voltage rapidly decreases, and thus the fuel cell vehicles cannot be directly used for supplying power to vehicles. Therefore, it is important to develop a DC/DC converter having a high gain to develop a fuel cell vehicle. The traditional Boost circuit is difficult to obtain high voltage gain, the requirement of a fuel cell automobile cannot be met, and in the high gain process, the problem of extreme duty ratio can occur to a switching tube, so that the switching tube is too long in conduction time and damaged.
In some existing non-isolated high-gain DC/DC converters, the problems that voltage stress of devices such as a switch tube and a capacitor is overlarge and an input end and an output end are not in common are solved, on one hand, difficulty is brought to type selection of the converter devices, and on the other hand, high-frequency pulsating voltage can be generated between the input end and the output end due to the structure that the input end and the output end are not in common, so that the working reliability of the converter is reduced. The existing isolated DC/DC converter can obtain high voltage gain through the coupling inductor, but the isolated structure increases the volume of the converter, is not suitable for being used in fuel cell automobiles, and cannot meet the daily requirements of people.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for a fuel cell, which has the advantages of high gain, low stress, simple control, common ground for an input terminal and an output terminal, and the like.
A high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for fuel cell comprises a fuel cell Uin, a diode D1, a quasi-Z source circuit, a switched capacitor circuit and a load RLThe quasi-Z source circuit comprises a first energy storage inductor L1, a second energy storage inductor L2, a first energy storage capacitor C1, a second energy storage capacitor C2, a diode D2 and a power switch tube Q; the switch capacitor circuit comprises three energy storage capacitors and three diodes which are formed in a staggered mode; two ends of the first energy storage inductor L1 are respectively connected with the anode of the fuel cell, the cathode of the second energy storage capacitor C2 and the anode of the diode D2, two ends of the first energy storage capacitor C1 are respectively connected with the anode of the second energy storage inductor L2 and the cathode of the diode D2, and work is performedThe source of the rate switching tube Q is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell, the anode of the first switching capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode of the second switching diode D4, the anode of the second switching capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of the third switching diode D5, and the anode of the third switching capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of the first switching diode D3; namely, the switched capacitor network consists of C3-D4, C4-D5 and C5-D3.
Further, the switched capacitor circuit comprises a first switched capacitor C3, a second switched capacitor C4, a third switched capacitor C5, a first switched diode D3, a second switched diode D4 and a third switched diode D5, wherein the anode of the first switched capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode of the second switched diode D4, the anode of the second switched capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of the third switched diode D5, and the anode of the third switched capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of the first switched diode D3, so that an interleaved structure is formed. The voltage gain of the boost converter may be improved by the boost function of the switched capacitor network.
Further, the converter achieves a common ground between the input and the output, the absolutely common ground avoiding the problem of an additional du/dt between the input ground and the output ground.
Further, in the first operating mode, the fuel cell charges the first energy storage inductor L1 by connecting the second energy storage capacitor C2 and the power switch Q in series, the fuel cell charges the second energy storage inductor L2 by connecting the first energy storage capacitor C1 and the power switch Q in series, and the third switch capacitor C5 charges the first switch capacitor C3 by connecting the second switch diode D4 and the power switch Q
Further, in the second working mode, the first energy storage inductor L1 charges the first energy storage capacitor C1 through the diode D2, and the second energy storage inductor L2 charges the second energy storage capacitor C2 through the diode D2. The first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2 are connected in series to supply power to the load through the diode D2 and the third switching diode D5. Meanwhile, the first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2 are connected in series to charge the third switched capacitor C5 through the first switched diode D3.
Further, the voltage gain M of the converter is:
Figure BDA0002783755520000021
in the formula, d is the duty ratio of the power switch tube Q.
Further, the voltage stress of the power switch Q1 is, the voltage stress of the first energy storage capacitor C1, the voltage stress of the second energy storage capacitor C2 is, and the voltage stresses of the first switch capacitor C3, the second switch capacitor C4 and the third switch capacitor C5 are, wherein the voltage stresses are output voltages.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method and the device meet the requirement of high gain of the fuel cell automobile, and the problem of extreme duty ratio of the switching tube can be avoided while the high gain is realized;
2. in the converter circuit, the voltage stress of the power semiconductor device and the capacitor is low, so that the device type selection of the converter is facilitated, and the working safety of the converter is improved;
3. the converter belongs to a structure that the input end and the output end are grounded, the problem of high-frequency pulsating voltage between the input end and the output end is avoided, and the working reliability of the converter is improved;
4. the converter belongs to a non-isolated converter, and the size of the converter is effectively reduced;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high gain low stress DC/DC converter circuit for a fuel cell in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a modulation scheme for a power switch in a converter according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of the converter according to the present invention in a first operating mode;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of the converter according to the present invention in the second operating mode;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the theoretical voltage gain of the converter proposed by the present invention with the theoretical voltage gain of a conventional Boost circuit;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the inductor current waveform of the converter proposed by the present invention;
fig. 7 is a voltage stress diagram of a converter switching tube according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 1, includes a fuel cell Uin, a diode D1. quasi-Z source circuit, switched capacitor circuit and load RLThe quasi-Z source circuit comprises a first energy storage inductor L1, a second energy storage inductor L2, a first energy storage capacitor C1, a second energy storage capacitor C2, a diode D2 and a power switch tube Q; the switch capacitor circuit comprises three energy storage capacitors and three diodes which are formed in a staggered mode; two ends of the first energy storage inductor L1 are respectively connected with the anode of the fuel cell, the cathode of the second energy storage capacitor C2 and the anode of the diode D2, two ends of the first energy storage capacitor C1 are respectively connected with the anode of the second energy storage inductor L2 and the cathode of the diode D2, the source of the power switch tube Q is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell, the anode of the first switch capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode of the second switch diode D4, the anode of the second switch capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of the third switch diode D5, and the anode of the third switch capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of the first switch diode D3; namely, the switched capacitor network is formed by C3-D4, C4-D5, C5-D3.
The switched capacitor circuit comprises a first switched capacitor C3, a second switched capacitor C4, a third switched capacitor C5, a first switched diode D3, a second switched diode D4 and a third switched diode D5, wherein the anode of the first switched capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode of the second switched diode D4, the anode of the second switched capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of the third switched diode D5, and the anode of the third switched capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of the first switched diode D3, so that an interleaved structure is formed. The voltage gain of the boost converter may be improved by the boost function of the switched capacitor network.
As shown in fig. 2, the power switch tube Q adopts a triangular carrier VCAnd a modulation wave VrAnd modulating to obtain the same PWM driving signal Vg.
As shown in fig. 3, the power switching tube Q includes a first working mode and a second working mode, and in the first working mode, the power switching tube Q is turned on; and under the second working mode, the power switch tube Q is switched off.
Further, in the first operating mode, the fuel cell charges the first energy storage inductor L1 by connecting the second energy storage capacitor C2 and the power switch Q in series, the fuel cell charges the second energy storage inductor L2 by connecting the first energy storage capacitor C1 and the power switch Q in series, and the third switch capacitor C5 charges the first switch capacitor C3 by connecting the second switch diode D4 and the power switch Q
From kirchhoff's voltage law, equation (1) is derived according to the equivalent circuit of fig. 3.
Figure BDA0002783755520000041
In the formula, the voltages of the first energy storage capacitor C1, the second energy storage capacitor C2, the first switch capacitor C3, the second switch capacitor C4 and the third switch capacitor C5 are respectively Uc1, Uc2, Uc3, Uc4 and Uc5, and U isL1onAnd UL2onWhen the power switch Q is turned on, the voltage across the first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2 is the converter input voltage and is the output voltage.
As shown in fig. 4, in the second operating mode, the first energy storage inductor L1 charges the first energy storage capacitor C1 through the diode D2, and the second energy storage inductor L2 charges the second energy storage capacitor C2 through the diode D2. The first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2 are connected in series to supply power to the load through the diode D2 and the third switching diode D5. Meanwhile, the first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2 are connected in series to charge the third switched capacitor C5 through the first switched diode D3.
From kirchhoff's voltage law, equation (2) is derived according to the equivalent circuit of fig. 4.
Figure BDA0002783755520000042
In the formula of UL1offAnd UL2offWhen the power switch Q is turned off, the voltage across the first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2 is increased.
According to the volt-second balance principle, a volt-second balance equation is listed for the first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2, and a formula (3) is obtained.
Figure BDA0002783755520000051
Obtaining the theoretical voltage gain M of the converter by combining the formula (1), the formula (2) and the formula (3) is shown in the formula (4), wherein the voltage gain M of the converter is:
Figure BDA0002783755520000052
in the formula, d is the duty ratio of the PWM driving signal Vg of the power switch tube Q, and 0< d < 0.5.
Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of the theoretical voltage gain of the converter proposed by the present invention and the theoretical voltage gain of the conventional Boost circuit, and it can be seen from the graph that the proposed converter voltage gain is higher than that of the conventional Boost circuit in the set duty ratio range.
By combining three formulas of formula (1), formula (2) and formula (3), the voltage stress of the relevant devices in the converter can be obtained as shown in formula (5).
Figure BDA0002783755520000053
In the formula of UQFor the voltage across the power switch tube Q, it can be seen from equation (5) that the power switch tube and the capacitor have lower voltage stress; the voltage stress of the power switch tube Q is as follows. The voltage stress of the first energy storage capacitor C1 is, the voltage stress of the second energy storage capacitor C2 is, the voltage stress of the first switch capacitor C3, the second switch capacitor C4 and the third switch capacitor C5 is, wherein the voltage stress is load RLThe voltage across.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for a fuel cell, characterized in that: including fuel cell Uin, diode D1. quasi-Z source circuit, switched capacitor circuit and load RLThe quasi-Z source circuit comprises a first energy storage inductor L1, a second energy storage inductor L2, a first energy storage capacitor C1, a second energy storage capacitor C2, a diode D2 and a power switch tube Q; the switch capacitor circuit comprises three energy storage capacitors and three diodes which are formed in a staggered mode; two ends of the first energy storage inductor L1 are respectively connected with the anode of the fuel cell Uin, the cathode of the second energy storage capacitor C2 and the anode of the diode D2, two ends of the first energy storage capacitor C1 are respectively connected with the anode of the second energy storage inductor L2 and the cathode of the diode D2, the source of the power switch tube Q is connected with the cathode of the fuel cell Uin, the anode of the first switch capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode of the second switch diode D4, and the second switch is connectedThe anode of the off capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of the third switching diode D5, and the anode of the third switching capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of the first switching diode D3; namely, the switched capacitor network consists of C3-D4, C4-D5 and C5-D3.
2. A high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the switched capacitor circuit comprises a first switched capacitor C3, a second switched capacitor C4, a third switched capacitor C5, a first switched diode D3, a second switched diode D4 and a third switched diode D5, wherein the anode of the first switched capacitor C3 is connected with the cathode of the second switched diode D4, the anode of the second switched capacitor C4 is connected with the cathode of the third switched diode D5, and the anode of the third switched capacitor C5 is connected with the cathode of the first switched diode D3, so that an interleaved structure is formed. The voltage gain of the boost converter may be improved by the boost function of the switched capacitor network.
3. A high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the converter achieves a common ground between the input and output, the absolutely common ground avoiding the problem of additional du/dt between the input ground and the output ground.
4. A high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for a fuel cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the first working mode, the fuel cell Uin charges the first energy storage inductor L1 by connecting the second energy storage capacitor C2 and the power switch tube Q in series, the fuel cell Uin charges the second energy storage inductor L2 by connecting the first energy storage capacitor C1 and the power switch tube Q in series, and the third switch capacitor C5 charges the first switch capacitor C3 by connecting the second switch diode D4 and the power switch tube Q in series.
5. The high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter according to claim 4, wherein: in the second working mode, the first energy storage inductor L1 charges the first energy storage capacitor C1 through the diode D2, and the second energy storage inductor L2 charges the second energy storage capacitor C2 through the diode D2. The first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2 are connected in series to supply power to the load through the diode D2 and the third switching diode D5. Meanwhile, the first energy storage inductor L1 and the second energy storage inductor L2 are connected in series to charge the third switched capacitor C5 through the first switched diode D3.
6. A high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the voltage gain M of the converter is:
Figure FDA0002783755510000021
in the formula, d is the duty ratio of the power switch tube Q.
7. The high-gain low-stress DC/DC converter according to claim 4, wherein: the voltage stress of the power switch tube Q1 is
Figure FDA0002783755510000022
Voltage stress of the first energy storage capacitor C1
Figure FDA0002783755510000023
The voltage stress of the second energy storage capacitor C2 is
Figure FDA0002783755510000024
The voltage stress of the first switch capacitor C3, the second switch capacitor C4 and the third switch capacitor C5 is
Figure FDA0002783755510000025
Wherein U isoIs the output voltage.
CN202011290848.4A 2020-11-18 2020-11-18 High-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for fuel cell Pending CN112467974A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114337249A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-04-12 南京理工大学 Three-port DC-DC converter based on quasi-Z source and switch capacitor and competition control method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103825457A (en) * 2014-02-24 2014-05-28 华南理工大学 Quasi-Z-source DC-DC boost converter circuit
DE102015002586A1 (en) * 2015-02-27 2016-09-15 Wolfgang Halang DC boost converter with adjustable voltage gain
CN106787692A (en) * 2017-01-16 2017-05-31 华南理工大学 A kind of quasi- Z source converters of type switching capacity altogether
CN106849643A (en) * 2017-01-26 2017-06-13 华南理工大学 A kind of switching capacity type mixes quasi- Z source converters
CN111585430A (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-08-25 哈尔滨理工大学 High-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for fuel cell

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103825457A (en) * 2014-02-24 2014-05-28 华南理工大学 Quasi-Z-source DC-DC boost converter circuit
DE102015002586A1 (en) * 2015-02-27 2016-09-15 Wolfgang Halang DC boost converter with adjustable voltage gain
CN106787692A (en) * 2017-01-16 2017-05-31 华南理工大学 A kind of quasi- Z source converters of type switching capacity altogether
CN106849643A (en) * 2017-01-26 2017-06-13 华南理工大学 A kind of switching capacity type mixes quasi- Z source converters
CN111585430A (en) * 2020-06-08 2020-08-25 哈尔滨理工大学 High-gain low-stress DC/DC converter for fuel cell

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114337249A (en) * 2021-11-22 2022-04-12 南京理工大学 Three-port DC-DC converter based on quasi-Z source and switch capacitor and competition control method
CN114337249B (en) * 2021-11-22 2024-04-23 南京理工大学 Three-port DC-DC converter based on quasi-Z source and switched capacitor and competition control method

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