CN112459300A - 一种新型吸音隔墙的施工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,包括以下步骤:施工放线、基层找平、BIM设计、管线预埋、内层龙骨安装、钢丝网安装、外层龙骨及吸音棉施工、密封处理、吸音板安装、收边收口及清洁处理。本发明通过在吸音棉与墙体之间设置空腔,利用空腔共振结构可获得最大的吸声系数,使此处的声压为零,空气质点的振动速度最大,吸音棉所起的摩擦阻尼损耗的声能也最大,使吸音材料产生最大的吸音效果,从而提升吸音隔墙的吸音效果,尤其适用于对吸音效果要求较高的空间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及室内装修技术领域,具体涉及一种新型吸音隔墙的施工方法。
背景技术
目前,常见的吸音板墙方案主要包括两种:一种是在钢龙骨和木工板基层外直接安装吸音板,另一种是先安装龙骨基层,龙骨基层与墙面之间填充吸音棉,再安装吸音板。这两种施工方法操作简便,施工成本低,施工速度块,但吸音效果差,特别是对于某些特殊用途的空间,这种空间对吸音要求较高,通过传统的吸音板墙施工方法无法满足其对吸音效果的要求。此时,如果要提高吸音效果,往往会选择增加材料的厚度或密度,然而这样也无形中增加了施工成本。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,以解决现有技术吸音效果差、成本高、效率低的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)施工放线:对待施工的墙体结构基层进行尺寸复核,并记录数据,根据记录数据情况调整施工放线图,并进行具体基层施工放线工作,从而定位吸音板完成面线,根据墙体完成面线确定待施工的墙体垂直度及平整度;
(2)基层找平:根据吸音板墙面完成面线,对垂直度和平整度有问题的墙体进行修补,以达到安装要求;
(3)BIM设计:利用BIM程序导入现场实地勘察和测量的结果获得BIM模型图,对龙骨分档、管线、墙面预留洞口、吸音板墙面的排版以及与吊顶和地面的收口关系进行设计规划,创建三维模型并对其进行校正;
(4)管线预埋:根据BIM模型生成管线分布图纸,对管线进行预埋处理;
(5)内层龙骨安装:根据BIM模型获得内层龙骨点位图,在完成步骤(2)后的墙面上安装有若干个具有相同厚度的内层龙骨,所述内层龙骨按照内侧龙骨点位图分布,其内侧与墙面固定相连;
(6)钢丝网安装:在内层龙骨的外侧铺设有一层钢丝网,所述钢丝网的内侧与内层龙的外侧相贴合,使钢丝网与墙面之间形成空腔,所述钢丝网通过螺钉与内层龙骨和墙面固定相连;
(7)外层龙骨及吸音棉施工:外层龙骨包括安装在钢丝网外侧的多个横向龙骨与竖向龙骨,横向龙骨与竖向龙骨相互垂直分布,使其与钢丝网之间形成多个填充格,在每个填充格内填充有吸音棉,所述横向龙骨和竖向龙骨的内侧与内侧龙骨固定相连;
(8)密封处理:在横向龙骨和竖向龙骨的外侧铺设一层吸音布,所述吸音布与横向龙骨、竖向龙骨的外侧固定相连;
(9)吸音板安装:根据BIM模型上开关面板的位置对吸音板进行预开孔处理,所述吸音板与外层龙骨固定相连;
(10)收边收口及清洁处理:根据施工要求进行收边收口处理以及开关面板的安装,对吸音板墙面进行清洁和成品保护。
优选地,步骤(6)中所述空腔的深度等于1/4声波波长的奇数倍。
优选地,所述空腔的厚度为50mm。
优选地,所述内层龙骨与外层龙骨表面涂有防火涂料。
优选地,所述防火涂料至少涂刷三遍。
优选地,所述吸音板为孔木吸音板,孔隙率为15%-30%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明通过在吸音棉与墙体之间设置空腔,利用空腔共振结构可获得最大的吸声系数,此时离墙面1/4波长处的声压为零,空气质点的振动速度最大,吸音棉所起的摩擦阻尼损耗的声能也最大,使吸音材料产生最大的吸音效果,从而提升吸音隔墙的吸音效果,尤其适用于对吸音效果要求较高的空间。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述新型吸音隔墙的结构示意图。
图中:基层1、内层龙骨2、钢丝网3、空腔4、外层龙骨5、吸音布6、吸音板7。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
一种新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,参见图1,包括以下步骤:
(1)施工放线:对待施工的墙体结构基层1进行尺寸复核,并记录数据,根据记录数据情况调整施工放线图,并进行具体基层施工放线工作,从而定位吸音板完成面线,根据墙体完成面线确定待施工的墙体垂直度及平整度。根据现场勘察情况,对土建结构基层进行尺寸复核,并记录数据。根据记录数据情况调整施工放线图,并进行具体基层施工放线工作,基层放线的具体步骤如下:首先根据土建移交建筑标高及轴线,对现场进行复测,根据测量数据与施工放线图进行比对,查看误差值是否在规范要求以内,如果偏差过大,需及时与设计与土建施工单位沟通,采取纠偏措施,并调整施工放线图;其次,根据复核后的标高及轴线,放出装饰施工水平1m线,主控线及分控线,从而定位吸音板隔墙墙完成面线,根据墙体完成面线确定原建筑墙体垂直度及平整度。
(2)基层找平:根据吸音板墙面完成面线,对垂直度和平整度有问题的墙体进行修补,以达到施工验收以及吸音板工艺安装要求,经检查合格后,再进行下一道施工工序。
(3)BIM设计:利用BIM程序导入现场实地勘察和测量的结果获得BIM模型图,对龙骨分档、管线、墙面预留洞口、吸音板墙面的排版以及与吊顶和地面的收口关系进行设计规划,创建三维模型并对其进行校正。
基层找平完成后,再次自检复线并调整图纸,确保复线无误再进行正式检查。根据现场实地勘察和测量的结果调整BIM模型图,对龙骨分档进行布局,对强弱电管线进行规划,对墙面预留洞口进行设置,对吸音板墙面进行排版设计,以及表达出与吊顶及地面的收口关系。通过合理化的排版布局,根据功能需要布置强弱电点位,最大化的节约用料。
(4)管线预埋:根据BIM模型生成管线分布图纸,对管线进行预埋处理。现场根据BIM设计模型生成的强弱电图纸对强弱电管线进行预埋。这一步要结合暖通专业、智能化专业、装饰专业以及现场的电气专业等,各专业需要统筹好,确定好个专业的预埋点位,既能满足功能的需求,也要保证外观的美观度。
(5)内层龙骨安装:根据BIM模型获得内层龙骨点位图,在完成步骤(2)后的墙面上安装有若干个具有相同厚度的内层龙骨2,所述内层龙骨按照内侧龙骨点位图分布,其内侧与墙面固定相连。所述内层龙骨为木条,厚度和宽度均为50mm,根据BIM模型导出的内层龙骨图纸放出内层龙骨点位线,将内层龙骨进行安装,内层龙骨安装在两种位置,一种是位于横向龙骨与竖向龙骨相交的交点处,内层龙骨沿竖向龙骨的长度方向设置,另一种位于每根横向龙骨沿其长度方向的中心处,并沿垂直于横向龙骨长度方向设置。内层龙骨至少涂刷三遍防火涂料,这一层的龙骨作用是为了形成吸音的空腔,制造共振吸声结构。根据研究表明,空腔深度对吸音效果影响显著,且随空腔深度的增加而影响越大,空腔的吸音是整个吸音系统的第一道保障。所述空腔的深度等于1/4声波波长的奇数倍,在本实施例中,空腔深度优选为50mm。
(6)钢丝网安装:在内层龙骨的外侧铺设有一层钢丝网3,所述钢丝网的内侧与内层龙的外侧相贴合,使钢丝网与墙面之间形成空腔4,所述钢丝网通过螺钉与内层龙骨和墙面固定相连。所述钢丝网选用镀锌钢丝网,该层钢丝网的作用是为了后期填充吸音棉时吸音棉棉不内移,从而保证空腔的深度。安装钢丝网时,采用镀锌螺丝钉,保证钢丝网的平整度是这一步的重点内容。
(7)外层龙骨及吸音棉施工:外层龙骨5包括安装在钢丝网外侧的多个横向龙骨与竖向龙骨,横向龙骨与竖向龙骨相互垂直分布,使其与钢丝网之间形成多个填充格,在每个填充格内填充有吸音棉,所述横向龙骨和竖向龙骨的内侧与内侧龙骨固定相连。其中,该外层龙骨结构主要为了填充吸音棉,吸音棉的吸声系数高于其他一般材料的吸声性能,这是整个吸音系统的第二道保障。
(8)密封处理:在横向龙骨和竖向龙骨的外侧铺设一层吸音布6,所述吸音布与横向龙骨、竖向龙骨的外侧固定相连。吸音棉填充过后在龙骨表面张贴吸音布,该层吸音布一是防止吸音棉在共振作用下,产生细微粉尘,通过吸音板的孔隙传入到空气中污染环境。二是更进一步加强吸音效果,这是整个吸音系统的第三道保障。
(9)吸音板安装:根据BIM模型上开关面板的位置对吸音板7进行预开孔处理,所述吸音板与外层龙骨固定相连。其中,所述吸音板为孔木吸音板,所述吸音板为孔木吸音板,孔隙率为15%-30%。孔木吸音板的孔隙率大小会影响吸声的效果,所以要选择合适的比例,这是整个吸音系统的第四道保障。从声音的发出到第一层的吸音板的作用,再到吸音布的作用,后到吸音棉的作用,最后到空腔的吸音作用,从声波遇到整个吸音系统或空间中其他障碍物时,一部分声能被反射,一部分声能被壁面或障碍物吸收转化为热能而消耗,还有少部分声能透射到整个吸音系统,逐渐被消纳,从而影响混响时间,最终提高整个空间的吸音效果。
(10)收边收口及清洁处理:根据施工要求进行收边收口处理以及开关面板的安装,对吸音板墙面进行清洁和成品保护。吸音板安装完成后,根据施工图要求进行收边收口处理及开关面板的安装,安装完成后自检并进行验收。整个施工完成后对吸音板墙面进行清洁,清洁完成后进行专业的成品保护。
最后需要说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制技术方案,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,那些对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围,均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (6)
1.一种新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)施工放线:对待施工的墙体结构基层(1)进行尺寸复核,并记录数据,根据记录数据情况调整施工放线图,并进行具体基层施工放线工作,从而定位吸音板完成面线,根据墙体完成面线确定待施工的墙体垂直度及平整度;
(2)基层找平:根据吸音板墙面完成面线,对垂直度和平整度有问题的墙体进行修补,以达到安装要求;
(3)BIM设计:利用BIM程序导入现场实地勘察和测量的结果获得BIM模型图,对龙骨分档、管线、墙面预留洞口、吸音板墙面的排版以及与吊顶和地面的收口关系进行设计规划,创建三维模型并对其进行校正;
(4)管线预埋:根据BIM模型生成管线分布图纸,对管线进行预埋处理;
(5)内层龙骨安装:根据BIM模型获得内层龙骨点位图,在完成步骤(2)后的墙面上安装有若干个具有相同厚度的内层龙骨(2),所述内层龙骨按照内侧龙骨点位图分布,其内侧与墙面固定相连;
(6)钢丝网安装:在内层龙骨的外侧铺设有一层钢丝网(3),所述钢丝网的内侧与内层龙的外侧相贴合,使钢丝网与墙面之间形成空腔(4),所述钢丝网通过螺钉与内层龙骨和墙面固定相连;
(7)外层龙骨及吸音棉施工:外层龙骨(5)包括安装在钢丝网外侧的多个横向龙骨与竖向龙骨,横向龙骨与竖向龙骨相互垂直分布,使其与钢丝网之间形成多个填充格,在每个填充格内填充有吸音棉,所述横向龙骨和竖向龙骨的内侧与内侧龙骨固定相连;
(8)密封处理:在横向龙骨和竖向龙骨的外侧铺设一层吸音布(6),所述吸音布与横向龙骨、竖向龙骨的外侧固定相连;
(9)吸音板安装:根据BIM模型上开关面板的位置对吸音板(7)进行预开孔处理,所述吸音板与外层龙骨固定相连;
(10)收边收口及清洁处理:根据施工要求进行收边收口处理以及开关面板的安装,对吸音板墙面进行清洁和成品保护。
2.根据权利要求1所述新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中所述空腔的深度等于1/4声波波长的奇数倍。
3.根据权利要求2所述新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,其特征在于,所述空腔的厚度为50mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,其特征在于,所述内层龙骨与外层龙骨表面涂有防火涂料。
5.根据权利要求4所述新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,其特征在于,所述防火涂料至少涂刷三遍。
6.根据权利要求1所述新型吸音隔墙的施工方法,其特征在于,所述吸音板为孔木吸音板,孔隙率为15%-30%。
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