CN112458321B - Metal processing technology of tellurium-copper alloy wire for high-current electric connector - Google Patents

Metal processing technology of tellurium-copper alloy wire for high-current electric connector Download PDF

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CN112458321B
CN112458321B CN202011097993.0A CN202011097993A CN112458321B CN 112458321 B CN112458321 B CN 112458321B CN 202011097993 A CN202011097993 A CN 202011097993A CN 112458321 B CN112458321 B CN 112458321B
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alloy bar
tellurium
alloy
bar
diameter
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CN112458321A (en
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李小阳
庾高峰
张航
马明月
吴斌
王聪利
靖林
侯玲
张琦
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Shaanxi Sirui Advanced Materials Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • B21C37/047Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire of fine wires
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C9/00Alloys based on copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Abstract

The invention provides a metal processing technology of a tellurium-copper alloy wire for a high-current electric connector, which comprises the following steps: s1: selecting Te, P, Sn and Cu raw materials according to weight percentage to smelt in a vacuum smelting furnace, standing the solution after the raw materials are completely melted, adding Ce in the standing process, electromagnetically stirring to refine crystals, and casting the crystals into a spindle; s2: processing the spindle into an alloy bar by using a hot rolling machine, a cold rotary swaging machine, a sawing machine and a lathe; s3: heating the alloy bar, preserving heat, and then performing positive hot extrusion deformation through reducing of an extrusion cylinder to cut off a bar head and a tail; s4: continuously reducing the diameter of the alloy bar, cold drawing and deforming, performing solution annealing and polishing in the middle, and finally drawing and coiling into wires with different specifications; s5: and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the filament material under the protection of atmosphere, straightening, cutting into fixed-size packages. The method can effectively improve the corrosion resistance, the wear resistance, the compressive strength and other properties of the prepared tellurium-copper alloy wire.

Description

Metal processing technology of tellurium-copper alloy wire for high-current electric connector
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy material preparation, in particular to a metal processing technology of a tellurium-copper alloy wire for a high-current electric connector.
Background
The high-current connector is mainly applied to connectors with heavy load, severe environment or high protection level requirements. With the increase of the use requirements, the high-current connector has been gradually developed to have the hot-plugging function, and is particularly required to be free from the influence of electric arcs during the hot-plugging operation, so that the current can be continuously and effectively conducted, and the reliable operation of the system is ensured. The addition of the tellurium element in the copper-tellurium alloy has little influence on the electric conductivity and the heat conductivity of the copper alloy, the cutting performance of the copper alloy can be obviously improved by adding a small amount of the tellurium element, and the copper alloy has good arc resistance and corrosion resistance.
But the influence of tellurium element on the conductivity and mechanical property of the alloy is not obvious, and the ultrasonic wave acts on the metal solidification process and mainly utilizes the cavitation action, the acoustic current action and the thermal action of the ultrasonic wave generated in liquid. The cavitation and the acoustic flow can increase nucleation particles in the melt, promote the convection in the melt, reduce the temperature gradient in the melt, refine the alloy structure and reduce the alloy segregation; the heat generated by the ultrasonic wave can prolong the growth time of the crystal grains and coarsen the crystal grains. Research shows that reasonable ultrasonic vibration treatment in the process of solidifying molten metal can refine crystal grains of cast ingots, make the structure uniform, reduce internal defects such as air holes, slag inclusion and the like, improve component segregation and further improve the metal performance.
In the current 5G era, the transmission power is increased, and the transmission current in the power connector is increased, so that the requirements on the safety and the stability of the related transmission cable are higher and higher, and the requirements on the wire material are also higher and higher. The preparation idea of the high-tellurium copper alloy wire with good heat conductivity, high purity and high strength designed by the invention is to prepare the wire by vacuum melting, forging, hot rolling, grinding and polishing, extruding, straight pulling and disc pulling processes based on meeting the requirements of copper alloy raw material wires for high-current electric connectors, so as to solve the problem of 5G communication transmission cables and make a contribution to the development of safety and stability of 5G high-power transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that with the increase of transmission power along with the arrival of the 5G era, the compressive strength of a high-current connector cannot be ensured while the electric conduction and heat conduction capability is ensured by using wires.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a metal processing technology of tellurium-copper alloy wire materials for a large-current electric connector comprises the following steps:
s1: the weight percentages are as follows: 0.05 to 0.5 weight percent of Te, 0.015 to 0.8 weight percent of P, 0.05 to 0.15 weight percent of Sn and the balance of Cu, the raw materials are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, the temperature is raised to 1550-;
s2: processing the spindle into an alloy bar meeting the requirements of a hot extrusion process by using a hot rolling machine, a cold rotary forging machine, a sawing machine and a lathe;
s3: heating the alloy bar to 800-950 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1h, and then performing positive hot extrusion deformation through reducing of an extrusion cylinder to cut off a bar head and a tail;
s4: continuously reducing the diameter of the alloy bar processed in the step S3, cold drawing and deforming, performing solution annealing and polishing in the middle, and finally coiling into wires of different specifications meeting the requirements of the large-current electric connector;
s5: heating the filament to 350-500 ℃ under the protection of atmosphere for aging treatment, straightening, and cutting into fixed-size packages.
Furthermore, the Sn element is added in a copper-tin intermediate alloy mode, the Sn element in the copper-tin intermediate alloy accounts for 50% by mass, the Te element is added in a tellurium block mode with the purity of 99.999%, the P element is added in a phosphor-copper block mode, the P element in the phosphor-copper block accounts for 20% by mass, and the Cu element is added in a high-purity electrolytic copper plate mode with the purity of 99.99%, so that the copper-tellurium alloy with higher purity can be obtained.
Further, in the standing process of the solution, the graphite ultrasonic tool head is preheated to 500 ℃, is rapidly inserted to be 2cm below the liquid level of the solution, and the vibration time is kept at 100-150s, so that the compressive strength of the alloy is enhanced.
Further, before electromagnetic stirring, 99.99% of high-purity argon gas is filled into the vacuum melting furnace to prevent liquid surface oxidation.
Further, in the cold rotary swaging process, the rotating speed of the turning spindle is 1000-; and the advantage of smooth surface can minimize the notch effect of the alloy bar.
Further, the total working ratio of hot rolling is between 30% and 35%.
Preferably, the liquid working pressure of the extrusion cylinder is 25MPa, the extrusion speed is 150mm/s, the inner diameter of the inlet is 150mm, the inner diameter of the outlet is 20mm, the diameter of the alloy bar can be reduced to 20mm by pushing the alloy bar out of the extrusion cylinder, the cast structure of the alloy bar is changed in a hot extrusion mode, the coarse cast structure is changed into the cast structure of fine grains through recrystallization in the hot forging process, and the mechanical property of the alloy bar is improved.
Preferably, three times of annealing are needed in the cold drawing process, wherein the annealing is carried out in a common solution box type furnace, the first annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃, the second annealing temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the third annealing temperature is 400-600 ℃.
Preferably, the drawing force of the hydraulic automatic drawing machine is 50-100t, the drawing speed is 3-15m/min, and the return speed is 40-48 m/min.
Further preferably, the step of continuous variable diameter cold drawing deformation comprises:
s4-1: carrying out 4-7-pass drawing on the alloy bar, wherein the diameter of the alloy bar is 1-3mm each time until the diameter of the alloy bar is 12-16mm, then carrying out intermediate annealing treatment on the alloy bar by using a common solution box type furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 850-950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-3 h;
s4-2: after the surface of the alloy bar is polished by No. 2000 abrasive paper, the alloy bar is drawn for 4-7 times, the diameter of each time is reduced by 0.5-2mm until the diameter of the alloy bar is between 7-10mm, then the intermediate annealing treatment is carried out on the alloy bar by using a common solution box type furnace, the annealing temperature is 750-;
s4-3: after the alloy bar is polished by 3000# abrasive paper, drawing the alloy bar for 18-25 times until the diameter of the alloy bar is between 1-3mm, performing intermediate annealing under the protection of argon atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 400-;
s4-4: after the surface of the alloy bar is polished by scouring pad, drawing the alloy bar for 4-7 times, and finally coiling the alloy bar into wire with the diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm;
the meaning of continuous reducing cold drawing lies in: on one hand, the alloy bar has larger deformation resistance, and the continuous diameter change can reduce the deformation resistance of the material and is easy to draw; on the other hand, the wire is in an ideal state by cold drawing for many times in order to protect the material and prevent local cracks caused by local plastic deformation of the material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the Sn element is added into the raw material components, so that the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the wire are improved;
2. according to the invention, the Ce element is added into the raw material components, so that impurity removal and grain refinement are carried out on the alloy bar, the grain boundary segregation is improved, and the price of cerium is low, so that the method is suitable for large-scale preparation of the alloy bar;
3. in the solidification process of the tellurium-copper alloy, the compressive strength of the wire material is greatly improved in an ultrasonic treatment mode;
4. the tellurium-copper alloy wire material obtained by the preparation method has the conductivity of more than or equal to 91 percent and the maximum conductivity of about 96 percent, the tensile strength Rm of more than or equal to 300MPa and the maximum conductivity of about 420M, the thermal conductivity of more than or equal to 300W/(m.k) and the maximum conductivity of about 350W/(m.k), the yield strength of more than or equal to 300MPa and the maximum yield strength of about 340 MPa.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A metal processing technology of tellurium-copper alloy wire materials for a large-current electric connector comprises the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the following steps of mixing CuSn intermediate alloy, tellurium blocks with the purity of 99.999 percent, CuP20 intermediate alloy and high-purity electrolytic copper plates with the purity of 99.99 percent according to the weight percentage: te 0.5 wt%, P0.8 wt%, Sn 0.15 wt%, and Cu in balance, and the vacuum degree of the raw materials is 3X 10-3Smelting in a vacuum smelting furnace of Pa, preserving heat at 1550 ℃ for 1 hour, then fully melting and standing, filling 99.99% of high-purity argon to prevent liquid level oxidation, adding 0.02 wt% of Ce in the weight of the total melt in the standing process, then electromagnetically stirring for 30min, casting into a spindle with the diameter of 220mm and the length of 3m, and having no obvious defects of looseness, shrinkage cavity and the like on the surface of the spindle;
s2: processing the spindle into an alloy bar meeting the requirements of a hot extrusion process by using a hot rolling machine, a cold rotary forging machine, a sawing machine and a lathe; keeping the temperature at 850 ℃ for 0.5h, rolling to the diameter of 150mm, turning the surface layer of the spindle by a lathe, performing cold rotary swaging to the diameter of 120mm after the surface layer is radially 1.5mm, and performing turning and sawing to obtain the alloy bar with the length of 210mm and no crack on the surface of the alloy bar;
s3: heating an alloy bar to 950 ℃, keeping the temperature for 0.5h, conveying the alloy bar to an extrusion cylinder with an inlet with the inner diameter of 150mm and an outlet with the inner diameter of 20mm through a material conveying belt, carrying out forward hot extrusion deformation to reduce the diameter of the bar to 20mm, enabling the surface of the bar to be free of defects, and cutting off a bar head and a tail;
s4: continuously reducing cold drawing deformation by using a 5-ton hydraulic automatic drawing machine, firstly drawing the alloy bar for 6 times, reducing the diameter of the alloy bar for 1mm each time until the diameter of the alloy bar is 14mm, and then carrying out intermediate annealing treatment on the alloy bar by using a common solid solution box type furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; after the surface of the alloy bar is polished by No. 2000 abrasive paper, 5 times of drawing are carried out on the alloy bar, the diameter of each time is 1mm until the diameter of the alloy bar is 9mm, then intermediate annealing treatment is carried out on the alloy bar by using a common solution box type furnace, the annealing temperature is 850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40 min; after the alloy bar is polished by 3000# abrasive paper, the alloy bar is drawn for 22 times until the diameter of the alloy bar is 1.5mm, intermediate annealing is carried out under the protection of 99.99% argon atmosphere, the annealing temperature is 200 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 1.5 hours; after the surface of the alloy bar is polished by scouring pad, drawing the alloy bar for 5 times, and finally coiling the alloy bar into wire with the diameter of 1 mm;
s5: preserving heat for 1h at 250 ℃ under the protection of 99.99% argon atmosphere, carrying out annealing treatment on finished products along with furnace cooling, straightening, cutting into fixed-size packages according to 2 m.
The performance of the tellurium copper alloy wire material obtained by the preparation method of the embodiment 1 is detected, and the performance of the tellurium copper alloy material obtained by the detection is as follows: the electric conductivity is 96%, the tensile strength is 366MPa, the thermal conductivity is 349W/(m.k), and the yield strength is 339 MPa.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 1 is that the weight percentage of each element is as follows: 0.25 wt% of Te, 0.4 wt% of P, 0.075 wt% of Sn, 0.015 wt% of Ce and the balance of Cu.
The performance of the tellurium copper alloy wire material obtained by the preparation method of the embodiment 2 is detected, and the performance of the tellurium copper alloy material obtained by the detection is as follows: the electric conductivity is 95%, the tensile strength is 352MPa, the thermal conductivity is 345W/(m.k), and the yield strength is 328 MPa.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 1 is that the weight percentage of each element is as follows: 0.05 wt% of Te, 0.015 wt% of P, 0.05 wt% of Sn, 0.01 wt% of Ce and the balance of Cu.
The performance of the tellurium copper alloy wire material obtained by the preparation method of the embodiment 3 is detected, and the performance of the tellurium copper alloy material obtained by the detection is as follows: the electric conductivity is 93%, the tensile strength is 343MPa, the thermal conductivity is 340W/(m.k), and the yield strength is 321 MPa.
Example 4
Example 4 is different from example 1 in that the Ce element was not added during the standing.
The performance of the tellurium copper alloy wire material obtained by the preparation method of the embodiment 3 is detected, and the performance of the tellurium copper alloy material obtained by the detection is as follows: the electric conductivity is 91%, the tensile strength is 360MPa, the thermal conductivity is 302W/(m.k), and the yield strength is 337 MPa.
Example 5
Example 5 differs from example 1 in that the graphite ultrasonic tool tip was preheated to 500 ℃ and rapidly inserted 2cm below the liquid surface before electromagnetic stirring, maintaining a vibration current of 2.0A, and theoretically, the longer the ultrasonic tool tip was vibrated in the copper alloy melt, the more significant the improvement in the properties of the copper alloy, and the vibration time was maintained at 150s in consideration of the service life of the graphite tool tip.
The performance of the tellurium copper alloy wire material obtained by the preparation method of the embodiment 5 is detected, and the performance of the tellurium copper alloy material obtained by the detection is as follows: the electric conductivity is 96%, the tensile strength is 418MPa, the thermal conductivity is 349W/(m.k), and the yield strength is 342 MPa.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a tellurium-copper alloy wire for a large-current electric connector is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the weight percentages are as follows: 0.05-0.5 wt% of Te, 0.015-0.8 wt% of P, 0.05-0.15 wt% of Sn and the balance of Cu, wherein the Sn element is added in a copper-tin intermediate alloy mode, the Sn element accounts for 50% by mass, the Te element is added in a tellurium block mode with the purity of 99.999%, the P element is added in a phosphor-copper block mode, the P element accounts for 20% by mass, the Cu element is added in a high-purity electrolytic copper plate mode with the purity of 99.99%, the raw materials are smelted in a vacuum smelting furnace, the temperature is increased to 1550-1600 ℃, the molten liquid is kept stand after being completely melted, 0.01-0.02 wt% of Ce in the total melt weight is added in the standing process, then the electromagnetic stirring is carried out for 30min, so that crystals are refined, then a spindle is cast, and in the molten liquid standing process, a graphite ultrasonic tool head is preheated to 500 ℃, and is rapidly inserted into the molten liquid below the liquid level by 2cm, the vibration time is kept at 100-150 s;
s2: processing the spindle into an alloy bar meeting the requirements of a hot extrusion process by using a hot rolling machine, a cold rotary forging machine, a sawing machine and a lathe;
s3: heating the alloy bar to 800-950 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1h, and then performing positive hot extrusion deformation through reducing of an extrusion cylinder to cut off a bar head and a tail;
s4: the continuous reducing cold drawing deformation method comprises the following steps of performing continuous reducing cold drawing deformation on an alloy bar, performing solid solution annealing and grinding polishing in the middle, and finally coiling the alloy bar into wires of different specifications meeting the use requirement of a large-current electric connector, wherein the continuous reducing cold drawing deformation step comprises the following steps:
s41: carrying out 4-7-pass drawing on the alloy bar, sequentially reducing the diameter by 1-3mm until the diameter of the alloy bar is 12-16mm, then carrying out intermediate annealing treatment on the alloy bar by using a common solution box type furnace, wherein the annealing temperature is 850-950 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5-3 h;
s42: after the surface of the alloy bar is polished by No. 2000 abrasive paper, the alloy bar is drawn for 4-7 times, the diameter is sequentially changed by 0.5-2mm until the diameter of the alloy bar is between 7-10mm, then intermediate annealing treatment is carried out on the alloy bar by using a common solution box type furnace, the annealing temperature is 750-;
s43: after the alloy bar is polished by 3000# abrasive paper, drawing the alloy bar for 18-25 times until the diameter of the alloy bar is between 1-3mm, performing intermediate annealing under the protection of argon atmosphere, wherein the annealing temperature is 400-600 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-2 h;
s44: after the surface of the alloy bar is polished by scouring pad, drawing the alloy bar for 4-7 times, and finally coiling the alloy bar into wire with the diameter of 0.5-1.5 mm;
s5: and heating the wire to 350-500 ℃ under the protection of atmosphere for aging treatment, and cutting the wire into packages with fixed size after straightening.
2. The method for preparing the tellurium-copper alloy wire for the large-current electric connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein 99.99% of high purity argon gas is charged into the vacuum melting furnace before electromagnetic stirring to prevent liquid surface oxidation.
3. The method for preparing the tellurium-copper alloy wire material for the large-current electric connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the turning spindle is 1000-.
4. The method for preparing the tellurium-copper alloy wire for the large-current electric connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total working rate of the hot rolling is between 30% and 35%.
5. The method for preparing the tellurium-copper alloy wire for the large-current electric connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid working pressure of the extrusion cylinder is 25MPa, the extrusion speed is 150mm/s, the inner diameter of the inlet is 150mm, the inner diameter of the outlet is 20mm, and the diameter of the alloy bar can be reduced to 20mm by pushing the alloy bar out of the extrusion cylinder.
6. The method for preparing the tellurium-copper alloy wire material for the large-current electric connector according to claim 1, wherein the cold drawing deformation is a hydraulic automatic drawing machine, the drawing force is 50-100t, the drawing speed is 3-15m/min, and the return speed is 40-48 m/min.
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CN112795808B (en) * 2021-03-22 2021-09-28 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 Copper alloy wire and preparation method and application thereof
CN113201661B (en) * 2021-04-25 2022-04-08 江苏青益金属科技股份有限公司 Alloy wire for heating car seat and preparation method thereof
CN115029580B (en) * 2022-06-30 2024-02-09 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 Tellurium copper alloy and preparation method thereof
CN115305383B (en) * 2022-07-30 2023-05-12 江西省科学院应用物理研究所 High-strength and high-conductivity Cu-Co alloy material containing mixed rare earth and preparation method thereof
CN115627379B (en) * 2022-10-31 2023-12-26 宁波金田铜业(集团)股份有限公司 Copper alloy bar and preparation method thereof

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