CN101748299A - Method for manufacturing cast magnesium alloy - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing cast magnesium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN101748299A CN101748299A CN200810203866A CN200810203866A CN101748299A CN 101748299 A CN101748299 A CN 101748299A CN 200810203866 A CN200810203866 A CN 200810203866A CN 200810203866 A CN200810203866 A CN 200810203866A CN 101748299 A CN101748299 A CN 101748299A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing cast magnesium alloy, omprising the steps: 1, batching: calculating the percentage of elements including Gd, Y, Zr, and Mg as balance; calculating the weight and the respective batching weight of elements; 2: smelting: adding in sequence Mg, Mg-Gd, Mg-Y and Mg-Zr with Gd, Y and Zr as intermediate alloy; feeding in SF6/CO2 protective gas for refining; dredging up dregs at the bottom of a crucible, then reheating the crucible to 780-800 DEG C, standing the crucible for 30 minutes under heat preservation, and cooling the crucible to 730-740 DEG C along with furnace and subsequently removing scum on the surface; 3: pouring: preheating a mould, adjusting the temperature of magnesium alloy melt and pouring; 4: heat treatment, including: solution treatment and aging treatment. Solving the problems of high cost, low elongation percentage, inadequate heat resistance of the manufactured material, environmental pollution and the like, the method obtains the effect of high strength, good heat resistance, small tendency of incompactness, segregation and crack of the manufactured material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacture method of cast alloy materials, the strong heat resistance casting magnesium alloy of height ratio that industries such as particularly a kind of space flight and aviation are used.
Background technology
There is the on the low side and insufficient problem of thermotolerance of intensity in the cast magnesium alloys of prior art manufacturing.For example, WE54 is typical high-strength heat-resistant magnesium alloy, and chemical constitution is Mg-(4.75～5.5) %Y-(2.0～4.0) %RE-(0.4～1.0) %Zr, and its room temperature tensile strength is 250MPa, and use temperature is about 200～250 ℃.
In order to improve the quality of above-mentioned materials, replace RE to add in the magnesium alloy with Th, thereby make it have the favorable mechanical performance more than 300 ℃, but the problem of environmental pollution that causes owing to Th loses competitive edge, becomes a kind of alloy that is eliminated.The nearest Mg-20%Gd of exploitation, the Mg-20%Tb heat resistance magnesium alloy is 280～320MPa 250 ℃ tensile strength, is that the intensity of alloy and aluminium alloy is compared with WE, has increased significantly again.Make the magnesium alloy cost too high but add heavy rare earths merely, density is bigger and the room temperature unit elongation is low excessively, is difficult to obtain practical application.
Do not find at present the explanation or the report of technology similar to the present invention, do not collect both at home and abroad similarly data as yet yet.
Summary of the invention
The cost that exists for the cast magnesium alloys that solves the prior art manufacturing is too high, density is bigger, the room temperature unit elongation is low excessively and problems such as thermotolerance deficiency, environmental pollution, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of cast magnesium alloys.Utilize the casting magnesium alloy material of the inventive method manufacturing to possess good performance, can make industry parts such as space flight and aviation.
In order to reach the foregoing invention purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention is adopted for its technical problem of solution provides a kind of manufacture method of cast magnesium alloys, comprises the steps:
Step 1: batching comprises:
1-1 requires and the melting loss of elements rule according to alloy composition, calculates every kind of required percentage composition of element, comprising: Gd, and Y, Zr, remainder is Mg;
1-2 is according to every kind of required percentage composition of element, and the weight of calculating required every kind of element according to raw material weight comprises: Gd; Y; Zr; Mg;
1-3 uses Mg, Mg-25wt%Gd, Mg-25wt%Y, Mg-30wt%Zr according to starting material; Calculate ingredients by weight separately;
Step 2: melting comprises:
2-1 is preheated to 175～225 ℃ to load weighted pure Mg and master alloy, and insulation is more than 3 hours;
2-2 uses the electrical crucible melting, and crucible is warming up to 500-600 ℃, fills the magnesium material through preheating, covers anti-stove protecting cover, feeds shielding gas, and fusing heats up;
Pure magnesium such as 2-3 melts fully and heats up 720～740 ℃ the time, uses to add charging basket the good Mg-Gd master alloy of preheating is directly joined in the melt, adds slowly stirring on melt on one side;
When 2-4 fusing back melt temperature gos up to 720～740 ℃, add the Mg-Y master alloy in the same way, add Mg-Zr after furnace temperature is risen to 760～780 ℃, treat to skim surface scum after its fusing, wait it to fuse into fully after, drag for the end and thoroughly stirred 2～5 minutes;
2-5 is rapidly heated the alloy liquation to 780 ℃, and is incubated 20 minutes after stirring and finishing;
2-6 is cooled to 750～755 ℃, adds 2% refining agent and carries out refining treatment, will thoroughly drag at the end during refining, and refining agent can fully be contacted with alloy liquid, and refining time was controlled at 10 minutes;
After the 2-7 refining finishes, pull the slag at the bottom of the crucible out, be warmed up to again then between 780～800 ℃, insulation was left standstill 25～40 minutes, cooled to teeming temperature again and prepared cast;
Step 3: cast comprises:
3-1 uses metal type dies, 200～250 ℃ of mold preheating temperatures, warm up time with the mould heat penetration till, in gating system, place foam ceramic filter during cast;
3-2 adjustment liquid magnesium alloy temperature to 700～740 ℃ is poured into a mould;
Step 4: thermal treatment comprises:
Chamber type electric resistance furnace is used in 4-1 thermal treatment;
The 4-2 solid solution temperature is 500～525 ℃, and soaking time is 6～12 hours, adopts shrend;
The 4-3 aging temperature is 225～250 ℃, and soaking time is 15～20 hours, adopts air cooling.
Above-mentioned steps 1-1, every kind of required percentage composition of element following (wt%): 9.0～12.5Gd, 2.8～4.5Y, 0.4～1.0Zr, remainder is Mg.Above-mentioned steps 1-2, the weight of the required every kind of element of 200kg raw material is: Gd:24kg; Y:10kg; Zr:3kg; Mg:163kg.Above-mentioned steps 1-3, the required ingredients by weight of 200kg raw material is: Mg-Gd:96kg; Mg-Y:40kg; Mg-Zr:10kg; Mg:54kg.
The manufacture method of cast magnesium alloys of the present invention, because the casting magnesium alloy material intensity height that adopts above-mentioned chemical ingredients and preparation method thereof to obtain, thermotolerance is good.After tested, the performance index under the room temperature reach: σ
b〉=330Mpa, δ 〉=4%; Under 200 ℃, σ
b〉=280MPa, δ 〉=8%; 300 ℃, σ
b〉=180MPa, δ 〉=15%.Therefore, solved that the cost that prior art exists is too high, density is bigger, the room temperature unit elongation is low excessively and problems such as thermotolerance deficiency, environmental pollution, obtained the intensity height, good heat resistance, beneficial effect such as loose, segregation and crackle tendency are little.
Embodiment
Be embodiment with melting 200kg starting material below, the manufacture method of cast magnesium alloys of the present invention be described in detail that this method comprises following step:
Step 1: batching comprises:
1-1 requires and the melting loss of elements rule according to alloy composition, calculates every kind of required percentage composition of element following (wt%): 9.0～12.5Gd, 2.8～4.5Y, and 0.4～1.0Zr, remainder is Mg.In the embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned element percentage composition is preferably: 12Gd, and 5Y, 1.5Zr, surplus is Mg.
1-2 is according to the weight of every kind of required every kind of element of the required percentage composition calculating 200kg raw material of element, and is as follows: Gd:24kg; Y:10kg; Zr:3kg; Mg:163kg.
The 1-3 starting material use Mg, Mg-25wt%Gd, Mg-25wt%Y, Mg-30wt%Zr.Calculate ingredients by weight separately.Mg-25wt％Gd：96kg；Mg-25wt％Y：40kg；Mg-30wt％Zr：10kg；Mg：54kg。
Step 2: melting
2-1 is preheated to 175～225 ℃ to load weighted pure Mg and master alloy, and insulation is more than 3 hours.
2-2 uses the electrical crucible melting, and crucible heats up and is preheated to garnet, and about 500-600 ℃, fill magnesium material through preheating, cover anti-stove protecting cover, feed SF
6/ CO
2Shielding gas, fusing heats up.
Pure magnesium such as 2-3 melts the back fully and heats up (use thermocouple measurement) 720～740 ℃ the time, uses to add charging basket the good Mg-Gd master alloy of preheating is directly joined in the melt, while add slowly stirring on melt, to avoid metallic element sinking segregation.
When 2-4 fusing back melt temperature gos up to 720～740 ℃, add the Mg-Y master alloy in the same way, add Mg-Zr after furnace temperature is risen to 760～780 ℃, treat to skim surface scum after its fusing, after waiting it to fuse into fully, drag for the end and thoroughly stirred 2～5 minutes, make alloying element full and uniform.
2-5 is rapidly heated the alloy liquation to 780 ℃, and is incubated about 20 minutes after stirring and finishing.
2-6 is cooled to 750～755 ℃, adds 2% refining agent and carries out refining treatment, will thoroughly drag at the end during refining, and refining agent can fully be contacted with alloy liquid, and refining time is controlled at about 10 minutes and is advisable.
After the 2-7 refining finishes, pull the slag at the bottom of the crucible out, be warmed up to again then between 780～800 ℃, insulation was left standstill 25～40 minutes, cooled to teeming temperature again and prepared cast.
Step 3: cast comprises:
3-1 uses metal type dies, 200～250 ℃ of mold preheating temperatures, warm up time with the mould heat penetration till, in gating system, place foam ceramic filter during cast.
3-2 adjustment liquid magnesium alloy temperature to 700～740 ℃ is poured into a mould.
Step 4: thermal treatment comprises:
Chamber type electric resistance furnace is used in 4-1 thermal treatment.
4-2 solution treatment, temperature are 500～525 ℃, and soaking time is 6～12 hours, adopt shrend.
4-3 ageing treatment, temperature are 225～250 ℃, and soaking time is 15～20 hours, adopt air cooling.
Among above-mentioned steps 2-3 and the 2-4, during melting, Gd, Y, Zr add with the form of master alloy, and addition sequence is followed successively by Mg, Mg-Gd, Mg-Y, Mg-Zr.Feed SF in the fusion process
6/ CO
2Shielding gas carries out refining at 750～760 ℃.After refining finishes, pull the slag at the bottom of the crucible out, be warmed up to 780～800 ℃ then again, insulation was left standstill 30 minutes, skimmed surface scum after cooling to 730～740 ℃ with the furnace can cast.
Mechanism to cast magnesium alloys manufacture method of the present invention is described below.
Among the above-mentioned steps 1-1, the limit solid solubility of Gd in magnesium alloy is 23.5%, and significantly descends with the reduction of temperature, and this explanation Gd has intensive solution strengthening and ageing strengthening effect.By research Mg-Gd-Y ternary phase diagrams, found that the rich magnesium end of rich magnesium end Mg-Gd-Y ternary phase diagrams and Mg-Gd and Mg-Y binary phase diagram is similar, form continuous solid solution in the class Delta Region that the intermetallic compound solid solubility line of can be in Mg-Gd and Mg-Y binary system the most close Mg end and Mg end constitute, and solid solubility reduces along with the increase of Y:Gd ratio, because the solid solubility of the relative Gd of Y in Mg lower (being about 12% at eutectic temperature).
Above-mentioned steps 3-1 places foam ceramic filter in gating system, be in order to remove oxide skin in the magnesium liquid, slag inclusion etc., to reach the purpose that purifies alloy liquid.
Above-mentioned steps 4-3 aging temperature is 225～250 ℃, and soaking time is 15～20 hours, adopts air cooling.Because Mg
5(GdY) existence of ternary eutectic compound distributes through these compound even dispersion after the ageing treatment, has the significantly strong usefulness that turns into.The eutectic temperature of Mg-RE system is more much higher than Mg-Al and Mg-Zn, trivalent rare earth element is considered to improve electron density, can strengthen the interatomic bonding force of magnesium alloy, reduce magnesium and compared Al with the compound that magnesium forms 200～300 ℃ atomic diffusion speed, particularly rare earth metal
12Mg
17Thermostability height with MgZn.The strong crystal grain thinning of Zr energy in magnesium alloy further improves alloy strength, and the over-all properties of alloy is also further improved.
Adopting the alloy density of the inventive method manufacturing is 2.8g/cm
3, be applicable to sand mold casting and permanent mold casting, have the intensity height, good heat resistance, loose, segregation and the little characteristics of crackle tendency.After tested, the material performance index at room temperature with manufacturing of the present invention reach: σ
b〉=330Mpa, δ 〉=4%; Under 200 ℃, σ
b〉=280MPa, δ 〉=8%; 300 ℃, σ
b〉=180MPa, δ 〉=15%; Therefore, be applicable to industry parts such as making space flight and aviation fully.
Claims (5)
1. the manufacture method of a cast magnesium alloys is characterized in that, this method comprises following step:
Step 1: batching comprises:
1-1 requires and the melting loss of elements rule according to alloy composition, calculates every kind of required percentage composition of element, comprises following element: Gd, Y, Zr, Mg;
1-2 is according to every kind of required percentage composition of element, and the weight according to every kind of required element of raw material weight calculating comprises Gd; Y; Zr; The weight separately of Mg;
1-3 uses Mg, Mg-25wt%6d, Mg-25wt%Y, Mg-30wt%Zr according to starting material; Calculate ingredients by weight separately;
Step 2: melting comprises:
2-1 is preheated to 175～225 ℃ to load weighted pure Mg and master alloy, and insulation is more than 3 hours;
2-2 uses the electrical crucible melting, and crucible is warming up to 500～600 ℃, fills the magnesium material through preheating, covers anti-stove protecting cover, feeds shielding gas, and fusing heats up;
Pure magnesium such as 2-3 melts and when being warming up to 720～740 ℃ fully, uses to add charging basket the good Mg-Gd master alloy of preheating is directly joined in the melt, adds slowly stirring on melt on one side;
When 2-4 fusing back melt temperature gos up to 720～740 ℃, add the Mg-Y master alloy in the same way, add Mg-Zr after furnace temperature is risen to 760～780 ℃, treat to skim surface scum after its fusing, wait it to fuse into fully after, drag for the end and thoroughly stirred 2～5 minutes;
2-5 is rapidly heated the alloy liquation to 780 ℃, and is incubated 20 minutes after stirring and finishing;
2-6 is cooled to 750～755 ℃, adds 2% refining agent and carries out refining treatment, will thoroughly drag at the end during refining, and refining agent can fully be contacted with alloy liquid, and refining time was controlled at 10 minutes;
After the 2-7 refining finishes, pull the slag at the bottom of the crucible out, be warmed up to again then between 780～800 ℃, insulation was left standstill 25～40 minutes, cooled to teeming temperature again and prepared cast;
Step 3: cast comprises:
3-1 uses metal type dies, 200～250 ℃ of mold preheating temperatures, warm up time with the mould heat penetration till, in gating system, place foam ceramic filter during cast;
3-2 adjustment liquid magnesium alloy temperature to 700～740 ℃ is poured into a mould;
Step 4: thermal treatment comprises:
Chamber type electric resistance furnace is used in 4-1 thermal treatment;
4-2 solution treatment, temperature are 500～525 ℃, and soaking time is 6～12 hours, adopt shrend;
4-3 ageing treatment, temperature are 225～250 ℃, and soaking time is 15～20 hours, adopt air cooling.
2. the manufacture method of cast magnesium alloys as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 1-1, and every kind of required percentage composition of element following (wt%): 9.0～12.5Gd, 2.8～4.5Y, 0.4～1.0Zr, remainder is Mg.
3. the manufacture method of cast magnesium alloys as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 1-2, and the weight of the required every kind of element of 200kg raw material is: Gd:24kg; Y:10kg; Zr:3kg; Mg:163kg.
4. the manufacture method of cast magnesium alloys as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 1-3, and the required ingredients by weight of 200kg raw material is: Mg-Gd:96kg; Mg-Y:40kg; Mg-Zr:10kg; Mg:54kg.
5. the manufacture method of cast magnesium alloys as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described step 2-3 and 2-4, and during melting, Gd, Y, Zr add with the form of master alloy, and addition sequence is followed successively by Mg, Mg-Gd, Mg-Y, Mg-Zr; Feed SF in the fusion process
6/ CO
2Shielding gas carries out refining at 750～760 ℃; After refining finishes, pull the slag at the bottom of the crucible out, be warmed up to 780～800 ℃ then again, insulation was left standstill 30 minutes, skimmed surface scum after cooling to 730～740 ℃ with the furnace can cast.
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| CN103131877A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-06-05 | 江苏礼德铝业有限公司 | Smelting process of magnesium alloy |
| CN103343307A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-10-09 | 上海交通大学 | Heat treatment method of vacuum die-cast rare earth magnesium alloy |
| CN103388095A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-11-13 | 上海交通大学 | Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy and heat treatment method of large-scale complex casting prepared from the Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy |
| CN103489130A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-01 | 山东联诚集团有限公司 | Method for calculating casting smelting mixing |
| CN103667755A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Rare earth-magnesium alloy smelting and purifying method |
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| CN112779430A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-05-11 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Preparation method of high-quality magnesium alloy melt |
| CN113624006A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-11-09 | 孝义市东义镁业有限公司 | Magnesium alloy sealed automatic alloying refining integrated device |
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| CN103667755A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Rare earth-magnesium alloy smelting and purifying method |
| CN103131877A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-06-05 | 江苏礼德铝业有限公司 | Smelting process of magnesium alloy |
| CN103343307A (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2013-10-09 | 上海交通大学 | Heat treatment method of vacuum die-cast rare earth magnesium alloy |
| CN103343307B (en) * | 2013-07-02 | 2015-06-17 | 上海交通大学 | Heat treatment method of vacuum die-cast rare earth magnesium alloy |
| CN103388095A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-11-13 | 上海交通大学 | Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy and heat treatment method of large-scale complex casting prepared from the Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy |
| CN103388095B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2016-10-26 | 上海交通大学 | Mg-Gd-Y-Zr series magnesium alloy and the heat treatment method of large-scaled complex castings thereof |
| CN104419853A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-03-18 | 烟台双诚机械有限公司 | Method for casting multiple unit motor end cover through special aluminum-magnesium alloy |
| CN103489130A (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2014-01-01 | 山东联诚集团有限公司 | Method for calculating casting smelting mixing |
| CN104480363A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-01 | 苏州昊卓新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of high-ductility magnesium alloy |
| CN105779797A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-20 | 繁昌县华彩铸造有限公司 | Magnesium alloy casting technology |
| CN106493295A (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2017-03-15 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | A kind of casting technique of large scale magnesium alloy flat structure part |
| CN106493295B (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-04-03 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | A kind of casting technique of large scale magnesium alloy flat structure part |
| CN107838387A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-03-27 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | The method that ultrasonic assistant prepares ZM5 Mg alloy castings |
| CN107937781A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-20 | 宁波市鄞州隆茂冲压件厂 | A kind of corrosion-resistant stent |
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| CN108220729A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-06-29 | 湖南融拓新材料研究有限公司 | A kind of high-strength temperature-resistant cast magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN110923534A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-27 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Magnesium alloy with special extrusion bar texture and preparation method thereof |
| CN110923534B (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2021-07-09 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Magnesium alloy with special extrusion bar texture and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20100623 |