CN112454003B - Method for preventing machine tool from overtravel in machining ternary impeller by horizontal five-axis machine tool - Google Patents
Method for preventing machine tool from overtravel in machining ternary impeller by horizontal five-axis machine tool Download PDFInfo
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- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/22—Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing a three-dimensional impeller from being overtravel by a horizontal five-axis machine tool, which comprises the steps of adjusting the posture of a cutter at the initial processing position and the finishing processing position of the cutter to ensure that a first included angle is formed between a cutter shaft vector of the cutter and a plane formed by a Y axis and a Z axis and a second included angle is formed between the cutter shaft vector and the Y axis; and then, calculating to obtain a spatial coordinate of the machine tool spindle and combining a simulation result, judging that the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not less than a preset distance, if the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is less than the preset distance, increasing the angle of the first included angle until the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not less than the preset distance, so that the spatial processing position of the cutter does not cause the situation that the horizontal machine tool spindle box upright post and the workbench are overtravel to collide, the cutter does not need to be replaced, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of impeller machining, in particular to a method for preventing a machine tool from overtravel in machining of a ternary impeller by a horizontal five-axis machine tool.
Background
When the ruled surface ternary impeller is precisely machined, the side edge of the cutter is attached to the blade, and machining is carried out along the connecting line of the corresponding points of the shaft and the cover disc. When the machining is carried out on a horizontal five-axis numerical control machine tool, the air outlet space of the impeller blade is twisted at a specific angle, the spatial machining position of a cutter can cause the vertical column and the workbench of the spindle box of the horizontal machine tool to be over-traveled, and the side edge finish machining cannot be carried out. At the moment, the free curved surface point milling machining needs to be changed, the path of the cutter is changed into dozens of cutters or even more from the original cutter path, and the machining efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preventing a three-dimensional impeller from being overtravel by a horizontal five-axis machine tool, and mainly aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a method for preventing the over travel of a machine tool in the process of machining a ternary impeller by a horizontal five-axis machine tool is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s11: determining an initial machining position and an end machining position of a cutter;
s12: in a machine tool coordinate system, adjusting the postures of the cutter at the initial processing position and the finishing processing position to enable a cutter shaft vector of the cutter to form a first included angle with a first plane, and a second included angle is formed between the cutter shaft vector and a Y axis, wherein the first plane is a plane formed by the Y axis and a Z axis;
s13: respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position and the finishing machining position of the cutter according to the length of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller, the first included angle and the second included angle;
s14: simulating a tool path according to the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle;
s15: and judging whether the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is smaller than a preset distance or not according to a simulation result, if so, increasing the angle of the first included angle and repeating the steps S13-S14 until the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not smaller than the preset distance.
Specifically, the obtaining, according to the length of the tool, the diameter of the tool, the radius of the impeller, the distance from the tool vector to the center point of the impeller, the first included angle, and the second included angle, the spatial coordinates of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position and the end machining position of the tool respectively includes:
respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position and the finishing processing position of the cutter according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle;
and respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial processing position and the end processing position of the cutter according to the space coordinates of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position and the end processing position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of an impeller, the length of the cutter, the first included angle and the second included angle.
Specifically, obtaining the spatial coordinate of the tool center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the tool according to the diameter of the tool, the distance from the tool vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller, and the second included angle includes:
according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, obtaining the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter according to the following formula,
wherein (x)R1、yR1、zR1) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter is obtained, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, A is the second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller;
according to the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of the impeller, the length of the cutter, the first included angle and the second included angle, the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter is obtained and comprises the following steps:
obtaining a space coordinate of a machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter according to a following formula and a space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of an impeller, the length of the cutter, a first included angle and a second included angle;
wherein (x)q1、yq1、zq1) Is the space coordinate of the machine tool main shaft corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter, L is the length of the cutter, (x)R1、yR1、zR1) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter is, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, B is the first included angle, A is the second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller.
Specifically, obtaining the spatial coordinate of the tool center point corresponding to the machining end position of the tool according to the diameter of the tool, the distance from the tool vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller, and the second included angle includes:
according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, obtaining a space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the machining ending position of the cutter according to the following formula;
wherein (x)R2、yR2、zR2) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the finishing position of the cutter is shown, and r is the radius of the impellerD is the diameter of the cutter, A is the second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller;
according to the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the end machining position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of the impeller, the length of the cutter, the first included angle and the second included angle, the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the end machining position of the cutter is obtained and comprises the following steps:
obtaining a space coordinate of a machine tool spindle corresponding to the machining ending position of the cutter according to a following formula and a space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the machining ending position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of an impeller, the length of the cutter, a first included angle and a second included angle;
wherein (x)R2、yR2、zR2) (x) is the spatial coordinate of the tool center point corresponding to the end-of-machining position of the toolq2、yq2、zq2) The method comprises the following steps of determining a space coordinate of a machine tool spindle corresponding to the machining end position of a cutter, wherein the space coordinate is L of the cutter, r of the cutter is the radius of an impeller, D of the cutter is the diameter of the cutter, B of the cutter is a first included angle, A of the cutter is a second included angle, and D of the cutter is the distance from a cutter vector to the center point of the impeller.
Specifically, the first included angle ranges from 5 ° to 45 °, and the second included angle ranges from 0 ° to 20 °.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for preventing a three-dimensional impeller from being overtravel by a horizontal five-axis machine tool, which comprises the steps of adjusting the posture of a cutter at the initial processing position and the finishing processing position of the cutter to enable a cutter shaft vector of the cutter to form a first included angle with a plane formed by a Y axis and a Z axis and a second included angle with the Y axis; and then, calculating to obtain a spatial coordinate of the machine tool spindle and combining a simulation result, judging that the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not less than a preset distance, if the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is less than the preset distance, increasing the angle of the first included angle until the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not less than the preset distance, so that the spatial processing position of the cutter does not cause the situation that the horizontal machine tool spindle box upright post and the workbench are overtravel to collide, the cutter does not need to be replaced, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preventing the over travel of a horizontal five-axis machine tool for machining a ternary impeller, which is provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is an application scenario diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an initial machining position of the tool;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the end-of-machining position of the tool.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, a method for preventing the over travel of a machine tool in the machining of a three-element impeller by a horizontal five-axis machine tool is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s11: and determining an initial machining position and an end machining position of the tool.
Fig. 2 shows a processing state diagram of a horizontal five-axis machine tool for processing a ternary impeller, wherein a cutter is arranged opposite to a workbench, the cutter is connected with a vertical column of a spindle box through the spindle box, and the ternary impeller is fixed in the middle of the workbench before processing. Simulation software can find that the collision between the upright column of the main spindle box of the machine tool and the workbench mainly occurs at the outer diameter position of the straight-grained surface impeller blade (the air outlet of an impeller flow passage), and when the blade is finely machined, the cutting edge of the cutter is attached to the generatrix of the straight-grained surface of the impeller blade in parallel. Under the conditions of fixed cutter length and fixed machine tool stroke, two fixed cutter shaft vectors can be realized at the cutter shaft processing starting position and the cutter shaft processing ending position, the condition of collision is that the initial processing position and the cutter shaft processing ending position of a cutter are near the radial coordinates of a positive-negative vector impeller of an X axis of a machine tool, the difference between the two fixed cutter shaft vector positions B of the cutter shaft processing initial position is 180 degrees, and the difference between the two fixed cutter shaft vector positions B of the cutter shaft processing ending position is 180 degrees. At this time, the table is closest to the column of the headstock, and the table is likely to collide with the column.
S12: in a machine tool coordinate system, the postures of the cutter at the initial machining position and the finishing machining position are adjusted, so that a first included angle is formed between a cutter shaft vector of the cutter and a first plane, a second included angle is formed between the cutter shaft vector and a Y axis, and the first plane is a plane formed by the Y axis and a Z axis.
The machine tool coordinate system is a coordinate system inherent to the machine tool and is provided with a fixed coordinate origin, specifically, referring to fig. 2, a plane formed by the direction of the Y axis and the X axis and the Z axis. Referring to fig. 3, the starting position of the cutter is in the negative direction of the X axis of the machine tool, the distance between the cutter center point R and the zero point O of the workpiece is the radius of the impeller, R, the included angle formed by the cutter shaft vector and the YZ plane is a first included angle B, and the included angle formed by the cutter shaft vector and the Y axis is a second included angle a. Referring to fig. 4, the starting position of the cutter is in the negative direction of the X axis of the machine tool, the distance between the cutter center point R and the zero point O of the workpiece is the radius R of the impeller, the included angle formed by the cutter axis vector and the YZ plane is a first included angle B, and the included angle formed by the cutter axis vector and the Y axis is a second included angle a. And the zero point O of the workpiece is the intersection point of the central axis and the bottom surface of the ternary impeller. The first included angle B ranges from 5 to 45 degrees and the second included angle A ranges from 0 to 20 degrees.
S13: and respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position and the finishing machining position of the cutter according to the length of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the central point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller, the first included angle and the second included angle.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s131: and respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position and the finishing processing position of the cutter according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the central point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle.
S132: and respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial processing position and the end processing position of the cutter according to the space coordinates of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position and the end processing position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of the impeller, the length of the cutter, the first included angle and the second included angle.
Specifically, the method for determining the spatial coordinates of the machine tool spindle Q point corresponding to the initial machining position of the tool comprises the following steps:
according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the central point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, the space coordinate of the cutter central point corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter is obtained according to the following formula,
wherein (x)R1、yR1、zR1) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter is shown, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, A is a second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller;
according to the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of an impeller, the length of the cutter, a first included angle and a second included angle, the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter is obtained according to the following formula, and the space coordinate comprises the following components:
wherein (x)q1、yq1、zq1) Machine tool corresponding to initial machining position of toolThe space coordinate of the main shaft, L is the length of the tool, (x)R1、yR1、zR1) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter is shown, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, B is a first included angle, A is a second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller.
Specifically, the method for determining the spatial coordinates of the machine tool spindle Q point corresponding to the initial machining position of the tool comprises the following steps:
according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the central point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, obtaining the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the finish machining position of the cutter comprises the following steps:
according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the central point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the finish machining position of the cutter is obtained according to the following formula,
wherein (x)R2、yR2、zR2) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the machining finishing position of the cutter is shown, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, A is a second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller;
according to the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the machining ending position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of an impeller, the length of the cutter, a first included angle and a second included angle, the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the machining ending position of the cutter is obtained according to the following formula:
wherein (x)R2、yR2、zR2) A spatial coordinate of a tool center point corresponding to the finish machining position of the tool, (x)q2、yq2、zq2) Machine tool for end-of-machining position of toolThe space coordinate of the main shaft, L is the length of the cutter, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, B is a first included angle, A is a second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the central point of the impeller.
According to the technical scheme, the tool is in the initial machining position and the finishing machining position, a first included angle is formed between the cutter shaft vector of the tool and a plane formed by a Y axis and a Z axis, and a second included angle is formed between the cutter shaft vector and the Y axis, so that the distance from a projection point of a machine tool main shaft Q point on the plane formed by the X axis and the Z axis to a workpiece zero point can be increased, and the distance between the workbench and a main spindle box upright post is further increased.
S14: and simulating the tool path according to the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle. The simulation can be performed using existing software.
S15: and judging whether the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is smaller than a preset distance or not according to the simulation result, if so, increasing the angle of the first included angle and repeating the steps S13-S14 until the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not smaller than the preset distance.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for preventing a three-dimensional impeller from being overtravel by a horizontal five-axis machine tool, which comprises the steps of adjusting the posture of a cutter at the initial processing position and the finishing processing position of the cutter to enable a cutter shaft vector of the cutter to form a first included angle with a plane formed by a Y axis and a Z axis and a second included angle with the Y axis; and then, calculating to obtain a spatial coordinate of the machine tool spindle and combining a simulation result, judging that the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not less than a preset distance, if the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is less than the preset distance, increasing the angle of the first included angle until the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not less than the preset distance, so that the spatial processing position of the cutter does not cause the situation that the horizontal machine tool spindle box upright post and the workbench are overtravel to collide, the cutter does not need to be replaced, and the processing efficiency is improved.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for preventing a three-dimensional impeller from being over-traveled by a machine tool in horizontal five-axis machine tool machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s11: determining an initial machining position and an end machining position of a cutter;
s12: in a machine tool coordinate system, adjusting the postures of the cutter at the initial processing position and the finishing processing position to enable a cutter shaft vector of the cutter to form a first included angle with a first plane, and a second included angle is formed between the cutter shaft vector and a Y axis, wherein the first plane is a plane formed by the Y axis and a Z axis;
s13: respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position and the finishing machining position of the cutter according to the length of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller, the first included angle and the second included angle;
s14: simulating a tool path according to the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle;
s15: judging whether the distance between a spindle box upright post and a workbench is smaller than a preset distance or not according to a simulation result, if so, increasing the angle of the first included angle and repeating the steps S13-S14 until the distance between the spindle box upright post and the workbench is not smaller than the preset distance;
according to the length of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of the impeller, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the first included angle and the second included angle, respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position and the finishing machining position of the cutter comprises the following steps:
respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position and the finishing processing position of the cutter according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle;
respectively obtaining the space coordinates of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial processing position and the end processing position of the cutter according to the space coordinates of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position and the end processing position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of an impeller, the length of the cutter, the first included angle and the second included angle;
obtaining the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, wherein the space coordinate comprises:
according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, obtaining the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter according to the following formula,
wherein (x)R1、yR1、zR1) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter is obtained, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, A is the second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller;
according to the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of the impeller, the length of the cutter, the first included angle and the second included angle, the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter is obtained and comprises the following steps:
obtaining a space coordinate of a machine tool spindle corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter according to a following formula and a space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the initial machining position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of an impeller, the length of the cutter, a first included angle and a second included angle;
wherein (x)q1、yq1、zq1) Is the space coordinate of the machine tool main shaft corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter, L is the length of the cutter, (x)R1、yR1、zR1) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the initial processing position of the cutter is represented, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, B is the first included angle, A is the second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller;
obtaining the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the finish machining position of the cutter according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, wherein the space coordinate comprises:
according to the diameter of the cutter, the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller, the radius of the impeller and the second included angle, obtaining the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the finish machining position of the cutter according to the following formula,
wherein (x)R2、yR2、zR2) The space coordinate of a cutter center point corresponding to the machining finishing position of the cutter is obtained, r is the radius of the impeller, D is the diameter of the cutter, A is the second included angle, and D is the distance from the cutter vector to the center point of the impeller;
according to the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the end machining position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of the impeller, the length of the cutter, the first included angle and the second included angle, the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the end machining position of the cutter is obtained and comprises the following steps:
according to the space coordinate of the cutter center point corresponding to the machining ending position of the cutter, the diameter of the cutter, the radius of the impeller, the length of the cutter, the first included angle and the second included angle, the space coordinate of the machine tool spindle corresponding to the machining ending position of the cutter is obtained according to the following formula
Wherein (x)R2、yR2、zR2) (x) is the spatial coordinate of the tool center point corresponding to the end-of-machining position of the toolq2、yq2、zq2) The method comprises the following steps of determining a space coordinate of a machine tool spindle corresponding to the machining end position of a cutter, wherein the space coordinate is L of the cutter, r of the cutter is the radius of an impeller, D of the cutter is the diameter of the cutter, B of the cutter is a first included angle, A of the cutter is a second included angle, and D of the cutter is the distance from a cutter vector to the center point of the impeller.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first included angle is in a range of 5 ° -45 °, and the second included angle is in a range of 0 ° -20 °.
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