CN110928234A - Use method of universal angle milling head - Google Patents
Use method of universal angle milling head Download PDFInfo
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- CN110928234A CN110928234A CN201911284566.0A CN201911284566A CN110928234A CN 110928234 A CN110928234 A CN 110928234A CN 201911284566 A CN201911284566 A CN 201911284566A CN 110928234 A CN110928234 A CN 110928234A
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4155—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by programme execution, i.e. part programme or machine function execution, e.g. selection of a programme
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45136—Turning, lathe
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/02—Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]
Abstract
The invention discloses a using method of a universal angle milling head, which comprises the following steps: 1. manufacturing a machining program of a workpiece, and selecting a cutter location point as a spherical center of a cutter when the program is output; 2. a standard square block is arranged on a machine tool in a centering way, and the central point of the upper surface of the square block is determined as the origin of a reference coordinate system; 3. installing a workpiece, measuring the position difference between the origin of the workpiece coordinate system and the origin of the reference coordinate system, taking the position difference as the offset value between the origin of the reference coordinate system and the origin of the workpiece coordinate system, recording the offset value in a numerical control system, and converting the subsequent origin of the reference coordinate system to the origin of the workpiece coordinate system; 4. importing a machining program into a machine tool, and manually setting the angles of two rotating shafts on the universal angle head as the cutter shaft angles specified in the machining program; 5. setting a tool on the origin of the reference coordinate system by taking the center of the tool sphere as a tool setting point, and establishing a current reference coordinate system; 6. and starting a machining program to start machining. The invention eliminates the influence of the angle deviation of the manual operation universal head on the processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a using method of a universal angle milling head.
Background
At present, a universal angle milling head is configured on a common triaxial numerical control milling machine, the process range of the common triaxial numerical control milling machine is expanded, and the common triaxial numerical control milling machine has 3+2 five-axis positioning and processing capacity, is very suitable for processing various large molds and models which are heavy in weight, large in size and the like and are not suitable for multiple positioning, and particularly has wide application prospect in industries with large model processing requirements such as automobiles, wind power, yachts and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, the universal angle milling head mainly includes a tool shank 1, a first index dial 2, a second index dial 4, a first rotation shaft 3, a second rotation shaft 5, and a tool 6.
The universal angle milling head is used by a measuring head system at present. The use of every group rotation angle of universal angle cutter head all uses the gauge head system to carry out angle alignment operation respectively to two rotation angles, and the operation is complicated, and the adjustment process is longer, and it is inconvenient to use.
The universal angle milling head is generally used in the prior art as follows:
(1) firstly, a tool tip point 10 is programmed in CAD/CAM software as a tool position point, and the tool position point of a tool path corresponds to an intersection point 7 (shown in figure 2) of two rotating shaft axes of the universal angle milling head on a machine tool.
(2) When the origin of a workpiece coordinate system is set on a machine tool, a tool point 10 is selected for the tool point to perform tool setting, and then the tool point 10 must be converted to an intersection point 7 (see fig. 2) of two rotating shaft axes of the universal angle milling head, so that the tool point and the programmed tool point are consistent.
(3) According to the angle positioning requirement in the workpiece machining program, the measuring head system is used for assisting the angle positioning of two rotating shafts of the universal angle milling head to be strictly consistent with the program angle requirement, and the operation difficulty of the step is high.
(4) And calling a workpiece machining program to machine.
And (4) after that, every time when the universal angle milling head changes the angle and a cutter are changed, the step (3) and the step (4) are repeated to align two rotating shafts of the universal angle milling head.
In the method, an actual cutter location point in a cutter path corresponds to an intersection point 7 of two rotating shaft axes of the universal angle milling head on a machine tool, an actual tool setting point is located at the intersection point 7 of the two rotating shaft axes of the universal angle milling head, a machining base point is a cutter tip point 10, and the cutter location point and the tool setting point are not consistent with the machining base point 10. The CAD/CAM software post-processing file automatically converts the coordinates of the tool location point into the tool tip 10 of the processing base point through the distance 23 from the rotation center 7 to the tool tip 10 and the program angle. If the actual angular orientation 26 of the universal angle milling head deviates from the programmed angle 25, the actual tool tip point 28 deviates from the theoretical tool tip point 27, and the machining error is analyzed as follows.
The milling head indexing accuracy 19 is typically 1 degree at the universal angle. In fig. 3, it is assumed that the distance 23 from the rotation center 7 to the cutting edge point 10 is L, the indexing error 19 is a, and the tool positioning error 24 is E. The indexing error causes the positioning error of the tool nose to be approximately: e ≈ L × sin (a). Given an index error of 1 °, assuming that L is 250mm, E ≈ 250 × sin (1 °) = 4.363 mm, this error will be directly reflected as a machining error, and this is only an error caused by one of the two rotation axes, and if an error of the other rotation axis is added, the machining error superposed together is still larger, and such a machining error is not in compliance with production conditions.
Therefore, in this method, the two rotational axes of the universal angle milling head must be positioned exactly according to the program angle requirement. In practical application, the indexing of the universal angle milling head can be matched and aligned with the program angle by means of a measuring head system, the operation is complex to implement and long in process, and the implementation cost is increased by using the measuring head system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a using method of a universal angle milling head, which can eliminate the influence of the angle deviation of a manually operated universal head on processing.
The invention relates to a using method of a universal angle milling head, which comprises the following steps:
and 6, starting a machining program to start machining.
Further, after a cutter shaft vector is set in CAD/CAM software, a drawing analysis is carried out on the workpiece data of the model to be treated by taking an index error value (usually less than 1 degree) of a universal head rotating shaft as a drawing angle limit value; if the area smaller than the limit of the draft angle appears, the cutter shaft vector is adjusted to perform draft analysis again, the area smaller than the limit of the draft angle does not appear as far as possible, or the cutter shaft is not adjusted, the area smaller than the limit of the draft angle is set as a forbidden area of the processing, and the cutter shaft vector is reserved for the next time of converting and then processing.
The invention has the following advantages: the using method reduces the manufacturing and assembling precision of the universal head (theoretically, the indexing error of two rotating shafts of the universal head is not more than 90 degrees), and can reduce the manufacturing cost of the universal head; the using method is allowed by loose indexing error, and the difficulty of the positioning operation of the rotating shaft angle is greatly reduced; the use method reliably eliminates the influence of the angle indexing errors of the two rotating shafts on the machining precision of the model, and has simple and quick operation and high machining precision; the using method has the advantages of simple required auxiliary tools, low implementation cost and strong practicability, and the universal angle milling head can enlarge the process range of the common three-axis numerical control machine tool in a simple and economic manner.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a universal angle milling head configuration;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the center of rotation of the universal angle milling head;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the indexing error of the universal angle milling head;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of disadvantages of the prior art;
fig. 6 and 7 are explanatory views of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for using a universal angle milling head includes the following steps:
and 6, starting a machining program to start machining.
In this embodiment, the tool needs to be set again each time the tool is changed and the rotation angle is changed, and the steps 4 to 6 are repeated.
In this embodiment, the two rotation axes are roughly angularly positioned manually according to the requirements of the machining program.
In this embodiment, a fixed point needs to be set, and the fixed point has a definite fixed relation with the workpiece coordinate system, and is a processing starting point of the universal angle milling head under all different angle combinations, which is referred to as a reference coordinate system origin; the actual cutter point and the tool setting point are both arranged at the cutter spherical center, and the base point of the processing is also the cutter spherical center; the universal angle milling head has to perform tool setting once when changing the angle every time, so that the tool setting point, the tool location point and the processing base point are always kept consistent.
In this embodiment, the tool setting point is set at the center 17 of the tool. Thus, L =0, the tool positioning error is: e ≈ 0 × sin (a) =0mm, and thus it can be seen that since L =0, the tool nose positioning error E is 0 regardless of the indexing error a, whereby the machining error caused by the indexing error is eliminated in principle.
In the scheme before the improvement, the tool location point and the tool setting point are selected at the tool nose point 10 of the tool, the theoretical positions of the tool are 8 and 12 (see fig. 4 and 5), and the tool is positioned at 9 and 13 (see fig. 4 and 5) due to the indexing error, so that the contact positions of the outer edge of the tool and the workpiece contours 11 and 14 (see fig. 4 and 5) in the actual positioning are changed relative to the theoretical positions, and over-cutting 20 or under-cutting 21 is generated, see fig. 4 and 5.
In the present embodiment, the tool location is selected at the tool center 17, at any tool location, the tool is rotated by an angle (which can be regarded as an indexing error) around the tool location, the theoretical position 15 (see fig. 6) of the tool is positioned at 16 (see fig. 6) due to the indexing error, and in this positioning change, the contact position between the outer edge of the tool in the theoretical position and the workpiece contour 18 (see fig. 6) in the actual position is not changed, that is, the cutting result is not changed (see fig. 6). Therefore, the selection of the tool location at the tool center 17 does not affect the cutting result in a relatively large range of indexing errors of the universal angle milling head rotation axis.
In the method, the angular positioning of two rotating shafts of the universal angle milling head does not need to be accurate; the tool setting point is set as the center of the cutter sphere 17, and the tool setting operation is repeated every time a new angle is changed, so that the processing base point is changed from the past conversion to the direct tool setting, and various conversion errors caused by the angle positioning error of the universal angle milling head are eliminated.
In the present embodiment, in the 3+2 five-axis positioning process, when the local draft angle 22 of the workpiece data is smaller than the indexing error, the over-cutting 20 phenomenon of the tool-side cutting edge may occur (see fig. 7). The corresponding solution is: after a cutter shaft vector is set in CAD/CAM software, a pattern drawing analysis is carried out on the module data to be processed by taking an index error value (usually less than 1 degree) of a universal head rotating shaft as a pattern drawing angle limit value; if the area smaller than the limit of the draft angle appears, the cutter shaft vector is adjusted to perform draft analysis again, the area smaller than the limit of the draft angle does not appear as far as possible, or the cutter shaft is not adjusted, the area smaller than the limit of the draft angle is set as a forbidden area of the processing, and the cutter shaft vector is reserved for the next time of converting and then processing.
According to the method, the tool location point is arranged at the center of the cutter sphere, and the tool is set once every time the angle is changed, so that the influence of the angle deviation of the manually operated universal head on the machining is eliminated, and the high-precision 3+2 five-axis positioning machining function is realized.
Claims (2)
1. The use method of the universal angle milling head is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a machining program of a model workpiece in CAD/CAM software, and selecting a cutter spherical center at a cutter position point when the program is output;
step 2, aligning and installing a square block on the machine tool, and determining the central point of the upper surface of the square block as the origin of a reference coordinate system;
step 3, mounting a workpiece, measuring the position difference between the origin of the workpiece coordinate system and the origin of the reference coordinate system, taking the position difference as the offset value between the origin of the reference coordinate system and the origin of the workpiece coordinate system, recording the offset value in the numerical control system, and converting the origin of the reference coordinate system into the origin of the workpiece coordinate system;
step 4, importing the machining program into a machine tool, and positioning the angles of the two rotating shafts on the universal angle head according to the rotating shaft angle in the machining program;
step 5, under the angle of the rotating shaft in the step 4, using the center of the cutter sphere as a tool setting point to set a tool on three surfaces of the square block, setting the origin of a reference coordinate system, and automatically converting the offset value recorded in the step 3 into the origin of a workpiece coordinate system by a machine tool numerical control system;
and 6, starting a machining program to start machining.
2. The method of using a universal angle milling head according to claim 1, wherein: after a cutter shaft vector is set in CAD/CAM software, the index error value of the rotating shaft is used as a drawing angle limit value to perform drawing analysis on the module data to be processed; if the area smaller than the limit of the draft angle appears, adjusting the cutter shaft vector and then carrying out draft analysis, or not adjusting the cutter shaft, setting the area smaller than the limit of the draft angle as a forbidden area of the processing, and leaving the next time of converting the cutter shaft vector for further processing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911284566.0A CN110928234A (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Use method of universal angle milling head |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911284566.0A CN110928234A (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Use method of universal angle milling head |
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| CN110928234A true CN110928234A (en) | 2020-03-27 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111413924A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-14 | 山东理工大学 | Post-processing method for non-orthogonal five-axis numerical control machine tool with universal angle head |
| CN112008488A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-01 | 山东海特数控机床有限公司 | Automatic indexing right-angle head used in gantry machining center |
| CN113664271A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | Shw机床有限公司 | Milling head with high positioning accuracy, milling machine with a milling head and method for positioning a milling head |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111413924A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-14 | 山东理工大学 | Post-processing method for non-orthogonal five-axis numerical control machine tool with universal angle head |
| CN112008488A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-01 | 山东海特数控机床有限公司 | Automatic indexing right-angle head used in gantry machining center |
| CN113664271A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | Shw机床有限公司 | Milling head with high positioning accuracy, milling machine with a milling head and method for positioning a milling head |
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