CN113704924B - Design method of ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool based on part surface type analysis - Google Patents
Design method of ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool based on part surface type analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a design method of an ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool based on part surface analysis, which is used for analyzing part surface characteristics, importing a model of a part into UG software, extracting part surface key parameters, constructing a mathematical model between the part surface parameters and tool parameters, determining geometrical parameters of the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning diamond tool, and formulating a diamond tool selection criterion in ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning. Compared with the traditional tool selection method, the method provided by the invention simplifies the tool selection process, saves the processing time, improves the processing efficiency, avoids the processing defect caused by improper tool selection to a certain extent, and provides theoretical basis and application reference value for realizing high-efficiency stable controllable ultra-precision slow-tool servo turning processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ultra-precise machining, and relates to a design method of an ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool based on part surface type analysis.
Background
The ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning processing part needs to ensure that the feeding shaft and the main shaft of the machine tool ensure strict real-time cooperative corresponding relation of time and space positions. Therefore, the technological parameters of ultra-precise slow-tool servo turning can be influenced and limited by the curved surface type characteristics of free-form surface parts, dynamic response of a machine tool multi-axis servo machining system and other conditions, and the requirements on the parameters of the tool are high.
When the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning is used for machining the part, the cutter is fed along the X guide rail in the radial direction, and is fed back and forth along the Z guide rail according to the fluctuation of the curved surface of the part. Therefore, the surface type characteristics of the part need to be analyzed before machining, and all radial section curves of the curved surface type of the part passing through the axle center need to be analyzed, and also the circumferential section curves of the curved surface type of the part need to be analyzed, so that the physical interference between machining tracks and the surface entity of the cutter and the workpiece is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a design and selection method of an ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool based on part surface analysis. According to the method, UG software is used for extracting part surface type key parameters, part surface type characteristics are analyzed, a mathematical model between the part surface type parameters and cutter parameters is constructed, the geometric parameters of an ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning diamond cutter are determined according to the machinability of the free-form surface part, the design and selection criteria of the diamond cutter in the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning are formulated, support is provided for selecting reasonable cutters and machining processes, and the method is important for realizing efficient and stable industrialized ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
A design method of an ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool based on part surface type analysis comprises the following steps:
Step one, importing a model of a part into UG software, extracting normal vectors of points on a curved surface of the part, analyzing the relation between surface type parameters of the part and geometric parameters of a cutter, and ensuring that physical interference between the cutter and the surface of a workpiece does not occur in the machining process, wherein the relation between the surface type parameters of the part and the geometric parameters of the cutter comprises the following steps:
Relationship between part face parameters u and tool relief angle α 0: alpha 0 > u, u is the maximum gradient of the circumferential section line of the part in the axial direction;
Relationship between the part face type parameter r and the maximum nose arc r 0: r 0 is less than r, and r is the minimum curvature radius of the curved surface of the part;
Relation between the part face parameters and the cutter arc wrap angle theta: θ is greater than or equal to 180 ° - (θ 1+θ2),θ1 and θ 2 are the maximum forward slope and the maximum reverse slope at each point of the part surface bus;
step two, establishing a mathematical model for constructing the part surface type parameters and the cutter parameters according to the relation between the part surface type parameters and the cutter geometric parameters, and determining the cutter geometric parameters, wherein:
the calculation formula of the tool relief angle alpha 0 is as follows:
the calculation formula of the cutter arc wrap angle theta is as follows:
The minimum curvature radius r of the cutter allowed by the curved surface type of the part is determined by calculating the minimum curvature radius of the intersecting line of each section of the curved surface of the part and the surface of the part;
In the method, in the process of the invention, Is the normal vector of the plane of the over-center and the knife contact,/>Is the normal vector of the cutting direction,/>Is the normal vector of the knife contact on the surface of the part,/>Is/>Is a projection vector on the PYZ plane;
And thirdly, determining the geometric parameters of the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool according to the mathematical model between the curved surface type parameters of the part and the geometric parameters of the tool, which are established in the first step and the second step, and formulating tool design and selection criteria in the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the invention, the internal mathematical relationship between the part curved surface type parameter and the cutter geometric parameter is analyzed, a more accurate mathematical model is established, and the cutter parameter can be determined more accurately according to the part curved surface type.
(2) The invention independently develops a mathematical model, and can more rapidly acquire the surface type parameters of the curved surface of the part.
(3) Compared with the traditional tool selection method, the method provided by the invention simplifies the tool selection process, saves the processing time, improves the processing efficiency, avoids the processing defect caused by improper tool selection to a certain extent, and provides theoretical basis and application reference value for realizing high-efficiency stable controllable ultra-precision slow-tool servo turning processing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the relief angle and the curved surface profile of the tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view in the A-A direction of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the relationship between the radius of the arc of the nose and the curved surface profile of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view in the A-A direction of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the arc wrap angle and the curved surface profile of the cutter according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view in the A-A direction of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a curved surface profile analysis at the point of knife contact according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a model and partial dimensions of a part in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a simulation calculation of tool parameters for a machining example;
Fig. 10 is the surface quality of two parts in the processing example.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to the following description, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a design method of an ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool based on part surface analysis, which is used for analyzing part surface characteristics, importing a model of a part into UG software, extracting part surface key parameters, constructing a mathematical model between the part surface parameters and tool parameters, determining geometrical parameters of the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning diamond tool, and formulating diamond tool design and selection criteria in ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, importing a model of the part into UG software to obtain normal vectors of points on a curved surface of the part, and analyzing the geometric relationship between the surface type parameters of the part and the cutter parameters. Wherein, the geometrical relation between the part face type parameter and the cutter parameter comprises:
(1) Relationship between part face parameters and tool relief angle: when the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning processing part, the cutter reciprocates along with the fluctuation of the surface profile of the part, the continuous fluctuation of the curved surface profile of the part exists on the same processing circumference, after the cutter track is unfolded, the geometrical relationship between the rear angle of the cutter and the curved surface profile is shown as fig. 1 and 2, in the cutting process, the rear angle alpha 0 of the cutter is required to be larger than the maximum gradient u of the circumferential section line in the axial direction, namely: alpha 0 > u;
(2) Relationship between part face type parameter and maximum nose arc: when the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning is used for machining the part, the arc radius of the cutter nose of the cutter is mainly limited by the shape of a turning generatrix of the surface to be machined of the part, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. In order to ensure that the arc profile of the tool nose of the tool does not physically interfere with the surface of the part in the tangential feeding process along a generatrix, all the cross section lines of the surface of the part need to be traversed, the minimum curvature radius of the curved surface is calculated, and then the maximum arc r 0 of the tool nose of the tool is determined, namely: r 0 < r;
(3) Relation between part face parameters and cutter arc wrap angles: when the ultra-precise slow-tool servo turning machine is used for machining a part, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the contact position of the tool nose and the part surface is continuously changed along the arc direction, and the connecting line of the contact position of the tool nose and the part surface and the arc center is always consistent with the normal direction of the contact point, so that all cross section lines of the part surface are required to be traversed, the maximum forward slope theta 1 and the maximum reverse slope theta 2 at all points of a generating line are calculated, and then the arc wrap angle of the tool is determined, namely: θ is not less than 180 ° - (θ 1+θ2).
Analyzing the normal vector change of the surface shape of the part and the vector relation with the directions of all coordinate axes, wherein the geometric shape of the cutter is limited by the surface shape of the surface of the part, analyzing from the geometric angle, ensuring that the geometric shape of the cutter tip does not physically interfere with the surface of the part, establishing the relation between the surface shape parameters of the part and the geometric parameters of the cutter, determining the geometric parameters of the cutter suitable for processing the part, and providing basis for design and selection of the cutter.
When the ultraprecise slow-cutter servo turning is used for processing the free-form surface part, the local surface shape at the contact point of the cutter and the surface of the part is shown in figure 7, wherein O is the rotation center of the part, P is the contact point of the cutter,Is the normal vector of the plane of the over-center and the blade contact, i.e., the normal vector of the plane of the rake face. /(I)Is a plane PXZ normal vector; /(I)Is the normal vector of the cutting direction,/>Is the normal vector of the knife contact on the surface of the part,/>Is/>Is the projection vector on the PYZ plane.
The rear angle of the cutter isAnd/>Included angle of/>And/>The complementary angle of the included angle is calculated as follows:
The arc wrap angle of the cutter is And/>To simplify the operation, can be converted into/>And/>Is the product of the vectors of (2)The complementary angle of the included angle is calculated as follows:
The minimum radius of curvature of the tool allowed by the curved surface type of the part is determined by calculating the minimum radius of curvature traversing the intersection line of each section of the curved surface of the part and the surface of the part.
And thirdly, analyzing from the geometric perspective based on the mathematical model of the deduced part surface type parameters and cutter parameters according to the model calculation result, and reasonably selecting parameters of the diamond cutter suitable for processing the part, wherein the geometrical shape of the cutter tip is required to be ensured not to physically interfere with the surface of the part.
Examples:
When a certain batch of parts are processed, the surface type of the parts is analyzed by using the established curved surface type analysis method, curved surface type parameters are obtained through simulation calculation, cutter parameters are further obtained through calculation, and corresponding cutter types are selected according to the cutter parameters. In addition, cutters with different parameters are selected as a comparison, other machining parameters and machining environments are guaranteed to be the same, a machining experiment is conducted, and machining quality of machined parts is compared. The method comprises the following specific steps:
First, a three-dimensional model of the part is obtained, and the model and partial dimensions of the part are shown in fig. 8.
Then, the part model is imported into UG software, the surface type parameters of the part are extracted, the cutter parameters are obtained through calculation according to the deduced model of the part surface type parameters and the cutter parameters (shown in figure 9), the minimum back angle of the cutter allowed by the curved surface of the part is 11.8169 degrees, the minimum cutter point arc wrap angle is 13.6613 degrees, and the maximum arc radius is 161.9182mm.
According to the simulation calculation result, two different cutters are selected for processing test, and the guiding significance of the simulation calculation on actual processing is verified. The key geometrical parameters of the two diamond cutters selected for processing are shown in a chart 1.
TABLE 1
The back angle of the No. 1 cutter is selected according to parameters obtained by analyzing the curved surface profile of the part, the No. 2 cutter is used as a comparison group, the back angle of the cutter which is different from the No. 1 cutter is selected, and other processing parameters are kept consistent.
As shown in fig. 10, the part machined by the cutter No. 1 has good surface quality, while the surface of the part machined by the cutter No. 2 has obvious machining defects, because the parameters of the cutter No. 1 conform to the design rules established by research, and the relief angle alpha 0＜umax of the cutter No. 2 is interfered when the surface of the part is machined at the position with larger fluctuation, so that the surface defects are formed. This working example further demonstrates the correctness and necessity of the face analysis method and tool design principles of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The design method of the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool based on the part surface type analysis is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step one, importing a model of a part into UG software, extracting normal vectors of points on a curved surface of the part, analyzing the relation between surface type parameters of the part and geometric parameters of a cutter, and ensuring that physical interference of the cutter and the surface of a workpiece does not occur in the machining process, wherein the relation between the surface type parameters of the part and the geometric parameters of the cutter comprises the following steps:
Relationship between part face parameters u and tool relief angle α 0: alpha 0 > u, u is the maximum gradient of the circumferential section line of the part in the axial direction;
Relationship between the part face type parameter r and the maximum nose arc r 0: r 0 is less than r, and r is the minimum curvature radius of the curved surface of the part;
Relation between the part face parameters and the cutter arc wrap angle theta: θ is greater than or equal to 180 ° - (θ 1+θ2),θ1 and θ 2 are the maximum forward slope and the maximum reverse slope at each point of the part surface bus;
step two, establishing a mathematical model for constructing the part face type parameters and the cutter parameters according to the relation between the part face type parameters and the cutter geometric parameters, and determining the cutter geometric parameters;
And thirdly, determining the geometric parameters of the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning tool according to the mathematical model between the curved surface type parameters of the part and the geometric parameters of the tool, which are established in the first step and the second step, and formulating tool design and selection criteria in the ultra-precise slow-cutter servo turning.
2. The design method of the ultra-precise slow-tool servo turning tool based on the part face analysis of claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the tool relief angle alpha 0 is as follows:
the calculation formula of the cutter arc wrap angle theta is as follows:
In the method, in the process of the invention, Is the normal vector of the plane of the over-center and the knife contact,/>Is the normal vector of the cutting direction,/>Is the normal vector of the knife contact on the surface of the part,/>Is/>Is the projection vector on the PYZ plane.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101246365A (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2008-08-20 | 天津大学 | Ultra-precise turning method with diamond knife tool hook angle compensation |
| CN104865897A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-08-26 | 深圳市圆梦精密技术研究院 | Curved part processing method and curved part processing equipment |
| CN112883505A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 华中科技大学 | Ultra-precise end face turning surface modeling method considering relative vibration of cutter workpiece |
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- 2021-09-02 CN CN202111026120.5A patent/CN113704924B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101246365A (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2008-08-20 | 天津大学 | Ultra-precise turning method with diamond knife tool hook angle compensation |
| CN104865897A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-08-26 | 深圳市圆梦精密技术研究院 | Curved part processing method and curved part processing equipment |
| CN112883505A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 华中科技大学 | Ultra-precise end face turning surface modeling method considering relative vibration of cutter workpiece |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨辉.《精密超精密加工技术新进展》.航空工业出版社,2016,第190-191页. * |
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